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November 2004 Vol. 1 No. 3 Fusion Journal A GLOBAL JOURNAL OF ARTS AND CULTURE In this Issue: Global Fusion ASIA 911 Prayer Flag in Tibet Jewel of Wisdom: An Interview with Dr. Christine Skarda China’s New Open Tourism Reinventing Life Green Papaya Salad

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Page 1: Fusion Journal 3

November 2004 Vol. 1 No. 3

Fusion JournalA GLOBAL JOURNAL OF ARTS AND CULTURE

In this Issue: Global Fusion ASIA 911 Prayer Flag in TibetJewel of Wisdom: An Interview with Dr. Christine SkardaChina’s New Open TourismReinventing LifeGreen Papaya Salad

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3Fusion JournalNovember 2004 Vol. 1 No. 3

SPECIAL FEATURES Jewel of WisdomAn Interview with Christine Skarda p. 9

It’s Very FamousA look at Tourism in China p. 24

ART & CULTURE 911 Prayer FlagInstalled on Namtso Lake, Tibet

p. 4

Life Reinvented Alternative Lifestyle in Asia

p. 31

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Fusion Journal is published bi-monthly from July 2004 - July 2005 by Lyn Bishop and Taro Tsuzuki

All text and photos copyright 2004 © Lyn Bishop/Taro Tsuzuki

Contact Global [email protected]

Subscriptions , downloadsand companion web log:www.onelove.com/globalfusion

REGULAR FEATURESFrom EditorsA New Bed Every Night... p. 3

FacesThe People of Asia p. 21

Food & DrinkGreen Papaya Salad p. 37

Geo GuideMap & facts of China and Thailand p. 38

ResourcesThe short list of recommendations p. 40

ColophonThe tools we use p. 40

C O N T E N T S

Cover photo: Barley field, Tibet, China This page: Prayer Beads, Sera Monastery, Lhasa, Tibet

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Changing beds just about every night, maneuvering through new cities, figuring out busses and trains on a continuing basis are all part of the daily logistics we have to arrange for ourselves. Now, six months into Global Fusion we’ve finally hit our stride.

Arriving in a new place isn’t as daunting, and sometimes we find ourselves wondering where that nervous excitement has gone. It seems to be replaced with a more calm and relaxed approach to finding our way through the maze of options we find upon arrival.

We carry a brand name guidebook and have a love-hate relationship with it. It gives the standard information about towns and cities, and gives marginal insights into what to do and see in any particular place. The worst, though, is their lodging descriptions, as property owners tend to rely on the gravy train after their listing is published. In any event, we’d feel lost without it.

Some places are tried and true and others are off the beaten track. Each offer their own rewards for us to discover. What we’ve learned so far is to have no expectations and to let the experience of the place and its people open up to us. From here we find ourselves able to get into the groove.

Much Love,Taro and Lyn

From Editors毎晩のように違うベッドに暪たわり、着いたばかりの垂内を移動し、そこでの亀通機関を芚

えるずいう生掻を持続させるこずが日垞の䞀郚になった。グロヌバル・フュヌゞョンプロゞェ

クトも半幎が経過し、移動ペヌスも本栌的なものになっおいる。

さらなる旅先に着くこずが以前に比べおそれ皋難しく煩わしいこずではなくなり、むしろあ

のちょっずしたナヌバスな興奮はどこぞ行っおしたったのかず䞍思議に思う。その代わり、到

着ず同時に目の前に広がる様々な遞択肢から自分たちの道を芋いだすこずに぀いおは、より冷

静でリラックスしたアプロヌチができるようになった。

私たちは旅行者の間では定番のガむドブックを䜿っおいお、その本ずの関係は愛憎が入り亀

じったものだず蚀えるだろう。内容は街々に぀いおの決たりきった情報で、その堎所で䜕がで

きお䜕を芋るこずができるのかに぀いおはかなりアバりトな説明があるだけだ。最悪なのは、

ホテルやレストランが䞀床そのガむドブックに玹介されおしたうず、経営者が怠けおしたい、

サヌビスの質が䞋がるかたわら倀段だけは䞊がるパタヌンがあるこずだ。が、それでもガむド

ブック無しでは迷っおしたうのは必定、ずいう状況なのである。

ある堎所は倚くのトラベラヌに信頌されおいたり、たたある堎所は旅行産業においお未開発

の所だったりする。これたでの経隓で孊んだのは、先入芳を持぀こずなく目の前で自ずず広

がっおいくその堎所の様子ずそこに䜏む人たちのありようを受け入れるこずである。私たちの

実䜓隓はそこから始たっおいく。

倪郎ずリンより、愛を蟌めお

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911 Prayer FlagAn Installation at Namtso Lake

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When Lyn Bishop went to a fabric store on September 11, 2001, both of the World Trade Center buildings were burning. The white cloths that she brought home were to become a tribute to the devastating event that took away more than two thousand lives. It was an artist’s reaction to what the entire world saw, a creative instinct that, for a few months, even the artist herself couldn’t explain. I had always thought that what brought her joy inspired her art, until then, and never thought that such dark, disturbing and gut-wrenching sights would inspire this particular artist.

Lyn started to collect images that American corporate media kept spitting out. Some mournful and some fearful, others just political, a reactionary dramatic information feast by the media. They kept coming and she kept collecting. It was as if she was digging for victims’ remains from ground zero, or as if she was searching for some explanations for what it meant to her.

The images and words accumulated almost in synch as the expectations of retaliatory war mounted within America. Each image and phrase was printed onto a piece of white cloth, by means of a color printer, creating a prayer flag about the length of one American football field. This process continued well after all the terrorists and their victims were identified and complete analysis of the attacks were presented and discussed. Although the creation of the 911 Prayer Flag turned near mechanical after a while, Lyn became more deeply emotional and depressed, by the very nature of the event as well as by closely monitoring the media and its tendencies to control the public’s mindscape. It wasn’t until she installed the work at Namtso Lake, high in the Tibetan wilderness, that she let go of her grief as she left the flags to flutter their endless prayers in the strong Tibetan wind.

Previous: 911 Prayer Flag on Namtso Lake, Tibet Left: Detail from 911 Prayer Flag , prayers from around the world

 幎月日。リン・ビショップが生地屋に向けお運転し始めた時、ワヌルドトレヌドセンタヌの二぀のタワヌはただ燃えおいた。圌女が買った癜い綿生地は、あの砎壊的な事件で犠牲ずなった二千人以䞊の人々ぞの远悌䜜品ずなる。それが䞖界が目撃した出来事に察するひずりのアヌティストの反応か、それずもクリ゚むタヌが持぀本胜だったのかは、圌女にも数ヶ月の間分からなかった。圌女の䞭で䜜品を創䜜するきっかけが生たれるのは喜びだず私はい぀も考えおいたが、今回は別で暗く錯乱的で締め付けられるような事件が圌女ず創䜜ぞず駆り立おおいた。

 アメリカの倧手メディア䌁業が芋せ続けるむメヌゞを、リンは集め続けた。痛たしいく恐ろしい画像。ドラマチックに反応する政治家たち。メディアが垂れ流す情報の措氎。その行為は、圌女自身がグラりンドれロから犠牲者を掘り起こしおいるかのようでもあり、この事件が圌女にずっお䜕を意味するのかを暡玢しおいるようでもあった。

 画像ず匕甚は、アメリカ囜内での報埩戊争に察する懞念の高たりずシンクロナむズし぀぀膚らんでいった。それぞれのむメヌゞがカラヌプリンタで綿生地に印刷されお祈りの旗のフォルムずなり、長さはフットボヌルフィヌルドの長さにも達した。この工皋はテロリストのメンバヌや犠牲者の身元が党お明され、テロ攻撃の分析が解説されるようになった埌もさらに続く。「祈りの旗」の創䜜工皋がパタヌン化しおしたうず、リンの情緒は乱れ、萜ち蟌みがちになった。画像の性質自䜓にも原因はあるが、人々の粟神状態を制埡するメディアの力を芋せ぀けられたからでもある。圌女はチベット高原に暪たわる聖なる湖、ナムツォの湖畔に「祈りの旗」を残した。旗がチベットの匷颚にたなびき、倚くの祈りを送るこずで圌女の心もようやく解攟されたのである。

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After the puja (blessing) at a temple by the lake, I walked out to the chosen site to begin installing the flags. I tried to light some juniper incense, but the lighter broke, so I went ahead with the installation. A few minutes later, I saw a monk strolling the deserted lake shore. The snow capped mountains a crown above him, surrounded by the cold, pristine water. When he came near, I asked him for a light. He climbed up on the rock and reached into his thick fur lined maroon jacket, and pulled out a box of matches. He didn’t understand English, and I didn’t understand Tibetan, however, everything was perfectly clear when he examined the images printed on the flags. He bent to light the juniper and kept feeding it with sticks and his own breath. Then he sat and began his chanting. His sacred words and the cleansing smoke rose up and twirled around the flags before it was carried away on the constant breeze. As he continued to chant, my emotions overflowed while I kept knotting the ribbons of the flags, until all at once, I broke down in a torrent of tears. Later, as I was completing the installation, checking the knots with more practical awareness, I saw his back as he slowly left to continue his daily kora walk, leaving just as silently as he came.

Lyn stands on the shores of Namtso Lake

 ナムツォ湖畔の寺院でこの䜜品を祝犏しおもらった埌、決めおあった堎所で旗の蚭眮を始めたした。トショりのお銙を焚こうず思っおやっおみたのですが、持っおいたラむタヌが壊れおしたったので、むンストレヌションはお銙無しで始めたした。䜜業を始めお暫く経っおから、誰もいない湖畔をひずりのチベット僧がゆっくりず歩いお来るのが芋えたした。その姿の背埌には冷たく柄み切った湖が暪たわり、察岞には雪に芆われたヒマラダの山々がそびえおいたした。圌が近くたで歩いおきたずき、お銙を焚く火を貞しおくれるようにお願いしたのです。圌は岩によじ登り、僧衣の䞭を探っおマッチを䞀箱取り出したした。お互いに蚀葉では理解するこずはできたせん。圌はそれでも旗の画像を芋お即座に私の意図を理解しおくれたようです。トショりのお銙を焚き、さらに小枝をくべお火を点けた僧は、岩の䞊に座っおお経を唱え始めたした。圌の唱える聖なる蚀葉ず浄めの煙が、絶えるこずのない颚に乗っお空ぞず消えおいきたす。お経の声はむンストレヌションの䜜業を続ける私の感情をも高揚させ、私は涙を抑えるこずができなくなっおしたいたした。䜕ずか気を取り盎しお䜜業を続け、むンストレヌションの最埌のチェックをしおいるずき、ゆっくりず歩く圌の背䞭が芋えたした。日毎のお勀めであるコラ巡瀌を続けるために、チベット僧は来たずきず同じように静かに去っおいったのです。

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The artwork I started three years ago is still in progress, not by my hands now, but by the strong, cold winds of the Himalaya highlands, which continuously flutter the flags, releasing their endless prayers. This particular piece of art has been driven not only by my creative intensions but also by something deeper, a force of spirits or collective energy of the prayers of many. What made me drive to the fabric store? What drove me to continue collecting images and quotes for three long months, in spite of the fact that my dark emotions kept accumulating? How did I come to Namtso Lake? Why did the monk appear during my installation? These are all questions that perhaps I’ll never fully answer.

Before dawn the next morning, I walked back to the installation to touch and read each and every panel before saying goodbye to them. As I stepped away from the installation I felt a sense of relief, a sense of awe, and a sense that the work was now in the gods hands and I walked away with lightness and hope in my heart.

Right: Namtso Lake, Tibet Next: Installing the 911 Prayer Flag

 私が幎前に始めたこの䜜品の制䜜は今も続いおいるのです。私の手ではなく、ヒマラダ高原の匷く冷たい颚の手によっお絶えず祈りを攟ちながら。この䜜品は私のクリ゚むティブな意図だけではなく、䜕か深い所から湧き起こる魂の力、あるいは、倚くの人々の祈りが集たった゚ネルギヌによっお進行しおいたような気がしたす。あの日、䜕が私を生地屋ぞず向かわせたのでしょう䜕故ナムツォでなければならなかったのでしょうむンストレヌションの最䞭にあのチベット僧が珟れたのは䜕故でしょうこれらの疑問の答えを芋いだすこずはたぶんできないず思いたす。

 翌日の朝、私は日が昇る前に珟堎ぞ戻り、ひず぀ひず぀の旗に觊れ、そこにある蚀葉を読みたした。それが私にずっおこの䜜品ずの別れだったのです。䜜品から手を離したずき、私にはある皮の開攟感ず畏敬の念がありたした。同時にその䜜品がもはや私の手の内にはなく、神々の手に委ねられたずも感じたした。そしお心は軜く、垌望を持っおその堎を去るこずができたのです。

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Jewel of WisdomAn Interview with Christine Skarda

On our last afternoon in Lhasa I was speaking with a Japanese traveler in the courtyard of the Snowlands Hotel. Hearing our intensions with the Global Fusion project, he said, “You might want to meet with an American Buddhist nun. She and I are staying in the same dormitory here.” A few minutes later, a tall, striking-looking Western woman in Tibetan nun attire appeared on the balcony. Our eyes met, as she looked down. I knew right then that she was the person whom I would be interested in talking to.

“I saw a movie called ‘Death of Socrates’ when I was eight-years-old, and since then I fell in love with philosophy,” she said over a dinner. Born and raised in a farm community in Wisconsin, she continued her study in philosophy and received her PhD in Europe. Her passion for understanding the workings of body and mind led her to neural science, where she studied and taught at University of California at Berkeley.

 チベット滞圚最埌の日の午埌、私はラサの「スノヌランズホテル」の䞭庭で䞀人の若い日本人トラベラヌず話し合っおいた。私たちがグロヌバル・フュヌゞョンを通じお䜕を意図しおいるのかを聞いお、「ここで泊たっおいるアメリカ人の尌僧ず話しおみるのも面癜いかもしれたせんよ。僕ず同じドミトリヌルヌムにいたす」ず圌は勧めおくれた。その数分埌、䞭庭に面したバルコニヌにチベット僧の衣をたずった背の高い癜人女性が姿を芋せた。圌女の柔和な県差しず知的な衚情を芋お、私は日本人の若者が蚀ったずおり圌女ずなら興味深い䌚話が出来るず確信した。

 「私が歳の頃、『゜クラテスの死』ずいう映画を芳たの。哲孊に魅せられたのはそのずきだったわ。」倕食のテヌブルでその女性はそう蚀った。アメリカ、りむスコンシン州の蟲業地垯で生たれ育った圌女は哲孊の道を歩み぀づけ、ペヌロッパの倧孊で博士号を取埗。肉䜓ず粟神の機胜の解明ぞの情熱は、圌女を神経医孊ぞず導き、カリフォルニア倧孊バヌクレヌ校で教鞭を取るかたわら哲孊を加えた二぀の分野で研究を続けた。

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Because of the depth of Christine Skarda’s study and practice, I had no choice but to ask her rather mundane questions. Extremely intelligent, brilliant, yet cheerful, humorous, and down-to-earth, we found ourselves listening to her as if she were our teacher with much wisdom to share.

Q: Your name and, if you don’t mind, your age please. A: My name is Christine Skarda, and I’m 52. My other name, as a nun, is Konchog Lobsang. “Konchog” means “jewel”, and “Lobsang” means “wisdom”.

 クリスティヌン・スカルダ氏の研究ず実践はそのレベルがあたりにも高いため、私には平凡な質問をするこずしか出来なかった。しかし、知的で聡明、しかも明るくナヌモアに溢れ、ごく身近にも感じる圌女が話す蚀葉は、聞く者を枩かく包む䞍思議な力を持っおいた。私たちは知恵ず知識に溢れた賢者に教えを乞うように、ただ圌女の話に聞き入っおいた。

お名前ず良ければ幎霢をどうぞ。私の名前はクリスティヌン・スカルダ。歳です。尌僧ずしおの名前はコンチョグ・ロブサング。「コンチョグ」は「宝石」、「ロブサング」は「知恵」ずいう意味です。

Previous: Dr. Christine Skarda outside Jokhang Temple, Lhasa, Tibet Above: Butter Lamps

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Q: What do you do? A: I am a full-time meditator. I have been meditating for almost 13 years. And I am a Buddhist nun, but I don’t think of myself primarily as a Buddhist nun. I mostly think of myself as a Buddhist.

Q: Can you tell us about your background, and how you became a Buddhism practitioner? A: I received my PhD in philosophy. My main interest was in “body and mind”, and then I studied in neural science for 12 years. I eventually met Dalai Lama, but I was still interested in “body and mind”. He suggested that I might try following the Buddhist meditative path, and that

I might get answers to the questions that I was still interested in, in philosophy and science. So I quit my job in those two fields and became a Buddhist.

Q: What do you find in the school of Buddhism that you are studying? A: What I am learning now is a different methodology for investigating mind and body that I didn’t have access to either in science or Western philosophy. There are aspects of Buddhist philosophy of mind that are quite different and give you different ways of thinking about the same theoretical issues, and therefore different kind of theoretical framework for doing investigations of mind. Also, Buddhist

僧ずしおどんなこずをなさるのですか私はフルタむムのメディテむタヌ瞑想家です。これたでに幎近く瞑想しおきたした。私は䞀応仏教の尌僧なんですが、個人的には自分を尌僧だずは考えおいたせん。䞀人の仏教埒ず考えおいたす。

あなたのプロフィヌルを玹介しおいただけたせんかどのような経緯で仏教の実践者になられたのでしょうか私は哲孊ず蚀う分野で博士号を取埗したした。私の䞻芁課題は「肉䜓ず粟神」でした。その埌幎間粟神医孊を孊びたした。そしおダラむ・ラマに出䌚ったわけですが、私はそのずきも「肉䜓ず粟神」に深い関心を持っおいたのね。圌は仏教の瞑想の道を詊しおみおはどうかず勧めおくれたした。哲孊ず科孊の範疇で私が

持っおいた問いの答えがそうするこずで芋いだされるかもしれないずおっしゃったのです。それがきっかけで私は倧孊での仕事を蟞め、仏教の道に入ったのです。

その二分野での問いに察する答えを仏教を孊ぶこずで芋出すこずが出来たしたか私が孊んでいるのは、粟神ず肉䜓を研究する䞊で科孊や西掋哲孊には無い、党く異なった方法論だず蚀えるでしょう。仏教哲孊での粟神の解釈はある理論的問題に察しお倚くの異なった芋方を提瀺するため、研究を進めるための理論の枠組みが広がるのです。さらに仏教による肉䜓の理解は耇数のレベルによるものですが、西掋ではひず぀のレベルによる理解だけです。仏教では物理的珟実がより埮劙なレベルで理解されおいる。仏教を孊ぶこずで別の研究芖点を埗たわけね。

Dr. Christine Skarda and Tibetan boy outside Jokhang Temple, Lhasa, Tibet

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understanding of body is more multi-level. In West, there is only one. In Buddhism there is more understanding of more subtle level of physical reality. It’s a different way of investigating.

Q: What are the reasons for you to be here in Tibet? A: I will be here for four months altogether; I have been in Lhasa for three weeks now. I am here not for tourism; I am not interested in seeing Tibet just to see. [Laugh] I am interested in visiting the places that are important for a kind of meditative practices I do, and also places where my teachers in India were educated and practiced.

Q: Would you call it a pilgrimage? A: Part of it is, in a sense that I get to see places where my teachers were educated. But primarily I go to places where all the energy or all the practices are located, where people did it for hundreds of years, and where I can get the same kind of connection back to the place.

チベットに来られた理由は䜕ですかここにはヶ月滞圚する予定で、ラサに入っお週間になりたす。芳光が目的ではなく笑、私が孊んでいる瞑想にずっお重芁な堎所、そしおむンドにいる私の先生方が教えを受け修行なさった堎所に行くこずです。

それは巡瀌ずも蚀えるものですか郚分的にはそうずも蚀えるでしょう。私の先生たちが教えを受けた堎所を蚪れるずいう意味で。でも本圓の目的は、人々が数癟幎もの間修行を行っおいた堎所、その゚ネルギヌが今もある堎所に行くこずによっお私自身がその堎所ずの぀ながりを芋出すこずです。

修行や実践を重ねるこずで政治的な芋方に圱響はありたすかいえ、そうは思わないわ笑。政治は仏教の真髄ずは䜕も関わりがありたせん。私の政治芳は今たでもこれからも垞に資本䞻矩ではない真の民䞻䞻矩です。人々は公正に奜意的に扱われるべきです。この䞖の問題の倧半は政治的には解決できないものだず考えおいたす。真の解決は人々の心の倉化によるものです。政治っお結局は暩力なのね。

Rooftop silhouette of Jokhang Temple, Lhasa, Tibet

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Q: Does your practice affect your political viewpoints? A: No, I don’t think so. [Laugh] Politics to me isn’t what Buddhism is about. My politics has always been that one should be democratic, truly, not capitalist. I always feel that people should be treated fairly and kindly. I don’t believe there are political solutions to most things. It’s the transformations of people’s minds that are the real solution. Politics is about power.

Q: What do you think of the state of the world, as of today? A: It’s not any better than it ever was. You know, I think the sad thing is that people have no time. And it’s getting more so in every country. I live in India, and even ordinary people there are starting to have

no time. They have no time to think, to reflect on anything, to have any quality. There is no quality; it’s all quantity. How much do I have? How much do I get? I think it’s really regrettable. I feel sorry for people who are doing wrong to other people. It’s sad.

Q: Do you feel anything as an American? A: Yeah, I feel ashamed. I feel ashamed. During the Vietnam War, I was studying in Europe. I was against the war, and I didn’t think it was right. And I remember having people being very aggressive towards me, because I was an American, because Americans were doing a war in Vietnam. It was mid-70’s. And I feel ashamed being an American.

今日の䞖界状況に぀いおどう考えたすか悪化するばかりです。私が悲しく思うのは人々に時間が無いこずね。どの囜でも同じ。私はむンドに䜏んでいたすが、むンドのごく䞀般の人たちでさえ時間を倱い぀぀ある。物事を考え、䜕かに思いをめぐらすような「質」のある時間が無い。「質」は無く、党おが「量」なのね。いくら所有しおいるかいくら貰えるのかずおも気の毒に思いたす。他の人々に察しお過ちを犯しおいる人たちも哀れだず思う。悲しいこずだわ。

アメリカ人ずしおどう感じたすか恥ずかしい。恥ずかしさで䞀杯です。ベトナム戊争䞭、私はペヌロッパで孊んでいたしたが、あの戊争には反察だったし、正しいこずだずは考えおいなかった。私がアメリカ人で、母囜がベトナムで戊争をしおいたために呚りの人々が私には嚁嚇的だったのを思い出すわ。あれは幎代䞭頃だった。そしお今もアメリカ人であるこずを恥ずかしいず思いたす。

Dr. Christine Skarda lighting Juniper Incense, Johkang Temple, Lhasa, Tibet

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Q: Do you have any opinions about the state of Tibet, and about what Chinese government has been doing? A: I don’t believe that Tibetans are Chinese. I don’t believe that Tibet is China. I agree with Dalai Lama that, if Chinese want to do the foreign policy of Tibet, that’s fine, because that isn’t something Tibetans are very good at anyway. But I believe that Tibetans should be allowed to have their own country. They should be allowed to run their own affairs, to have their own religion. I don’t believe that China should be telling them how to live. I don’t think that Chinese are bad people. I think that the Cultural Revolution was really bad, and I believe that Chinese are much more oppressive in Tibet than they are in China. I have been told by somebody who is a PLA (People’s Liberation Army) member in China, that PLA could never do what they did in Tibet, in China. They would never be allowed to act that way toward its people. But I don’t think there’s going to be any change. I don’t think Tibetans will get their country back and be free, but I would like it if Chinese would let them have an autonomous region. They would have their own local government, take their Chinese signs off, and turn Lhasa into a Tibetan city, not into a Little Beijing. I think the younger generations of Chinese would think that it would be okay, too.

チベットの状況や䞭囜政府のしおきたこずに぀いおどう思いたすかチベット人は䞭囜人ではないし、チベットは䞭囜ではありたせん。䞭囜がチベットの倖亀政策を代行したいならそれでも構わないずいうダラむ・ラマのお考えに私は賛成です。チベット人が倖亀政策に長けおいるずは思えないから。しかし、チベット人が自分の囜を持぀こずは蚱されるべきでしょう。自らの行政、圌ら自身の宗教を持぀べきです。䞭囜がチベット人の生き方を決めるべきではありたせん。䞭囜人が必ずしも悪い人間たちだずは思いたせんが、文化革呜は醜悪でした。その間、䞭囜はチベット人に察しお自囜内でよりもはるかに残酷だった。ある人民解攟軍のメンバヌは、がチベット人に察しお行った同じ行為を䞭囜人に察しお行うこずは決しお承認されなかったず蚀っおいたした。その䞀方で、私はこの状況が将来倉わるずも考えおいたせん。チベット人が囜を取り戻しお自由になるこずはないでしょう。しかしチベット人が自治䜓を持぀こずは出来るはずです。圌らはそこで自らの政府を持ち、䞭囜語の暙識を倖し、「リトル北京」ではなくおチベット人の街ずしおラサを築くこずは出来るはずです。䞭囜の若い䞖代にはそれでもいいず考える人が倚いんじゃないかしら。

Pilgrims in Barkhor walk the kora (pilgrims circuit) clockwise around the jokhang Temple, Lhasa, Tibet

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Q: There are people who are blessed materially, but a lot of them are not finding happiness. Would you suggest something for those people? A: Buddhism says that nature of life is suffering. My feeling is that it’s really helpful for people to first understand the fact that these things aren’t permanent happiness. If they were the source of happiness, then by definition, if you got them then you would be happy, right? The really bad thing for people, I think, is that when they get all these material things, they find that they are not all that happy. Then they think they have done something wrong. Actually they haven’t done anything wrong, because it’s just a nature of it. I think that the half of the disappointment is that we have totally

unrealistic view of things from the very beginning. You fool yourselves wanting a perfect husband or wife, or a perfect house, a perfect great job, or more money, thinking that it would do it. And of course it doesn’t. Dalai Lama often says that the real happiness comes from mind training, making your mind change it, so that you can take bad things with acronymity, you can accept people even when they are angry with you or mean to you or not doing what you want. If you change your mind, no matter what happens you would still be peaceful and happy. That, no one can take away from you. But it’s not an easy thing; it takes a lot of work. Once you get it, though, you can keep it.

この䞖には物質的に恵たれおいながら幞せになれない人々がいたす。そのような人たちに䜕か助蚀はありたすか仏教では生呜の本質は苊であるず説いおいたす。物質は幞犏を生たないずいう事実を人々が䜕よりも先に理解するこずが真の救いなのだず私は思いたす。もしそれが幞犏なのであれば、論理的に考えるず倚くのものを埗た人は人々は皆幞せなはずです。䞀番良くないのは、物質的なものを手に入れおも実は幞犏になれないず分かったずきの倱望、そしお自分が䜕か間違ったこずをしたのではないかずいう誀解です。実際には䜕も悪いこずなどしおはいないんです。ただそれが自然であるこずを知らないだけなのね。倱望や誀解の倧半は、物事に察する私たちの認識が始めから完璧に非珟実的であるこ

ずが原因なのです。私たちは「完璧な倫や劻」や「玠晎らしい家」、そしお仕事やお金に憧れながら自分に嘘を぀いおいるんです。それさえあれば人生党おが幞せに収たるかのように。そしおもちろんそれは珟実に成り埗ない。ダラむ・ラマがよく話されるのですが、幞犏は心が幞犏の芳念そのものを倉えるこずによっお埗られるものです。そうすれば悪い物事も柔軟に受け止めるこずが出来、誰かがあなたに怒りや意地悪な行為をしたずしおも、その人を受け入れるこずが出来たす。粟神自䜓を倉えれば、䜕が起ころうず平和ず幞犏を保぀こずが出来る。そしお誰もそれを奪うこずは出来ない。しかしそれは容易なこずではないし、盞圓の修行を芁したす。でも䞀床そのような粟神を埗るず、倱うこずがないのです。

Prayer flags outside Jokhang Temple, Lhasa, Tibet

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Q: I understand that you passed by Jerry Garcia’s funeral. Could you share how it happened? A: [Laugh] It was my last day before I went to the retreat in India. The last thing I gave away of all my belongings was a bird. I brought it my friend’s house. He lived a block away from a church. On my way back I was driving by the church, and I saw somebody in the parking lot who looked familiar, and it was Bob Dylan! [Laugh] And I got out of the car, because there were many limousines. Then I realized that there were people from Grateful Dead in the parking lot, too. I actually had no idea that Jerry Garcia died, but they saw me standing there in robes. One of the people came to me and told me what was going on. So I did some prayers for Jerry in that parking lot. I left for India that night. I said good-bye to Jerry and San Francisco, I cried and saw the Bay Bridge disappear underneath me, and that was it.

ゞェリヌ・ガルシアの告別匏に遭遇したそうですが、そのずきの様子を話しおいただけたすか笑あれは私がむンドの修行堎ぞ旅立぀日の前日でした。持っおいたものを党お手攟し、最埌に残ったのは飌っおいた鳥だった。その鳥を匕き取っおくれた友人の家からの垰り道だったわ。圌の家の傍に教䌚があるんですが、その前を車で通りかかるず、駐車堎に芋芚えのある人を芋かけたのです。それはボブ・ディランだった笑リムゞンが䜕台も停たっおいるのを芋お、私は車を降りたした。駐車堎にはグレむトフル・デッドの人たちもいたした。ゞェリヌ・ガルシアが亡くなったこずは䜕も知らなかったのですが、僧衣を着お立っおいる私に気づいたメンバヌの䞀人が歩み寄っお、事の経緯を話しおくれたした。それを聞いお私は駐車堎で祈りを捧げたんです、ゞェリヌのために。その倜、私はサンフランシスコ空枯からむンドぞず旅立ちたした。ゞェリヌずサンフランシスコにさよならを蚀っお、泣いお、そしおベむブリッゞが芖界から消えたした。それが最埌だったわ。

A woman makes prostrations outside Jokhang Temple, Lhasa, Tibet

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Q: We have some friends who have been dealing with breast cancer. Would you shed some light for them, as to what they might want to keep in mind? A: My mother had breast cancer, her sister died of breast cancer, and I think I have a very high chance of getting it myself. I think about this a lot. Actually, for myself, as a way to die, it’s a way I would rather die, simply because I have a lot of time, to think, to prepare for myself. It would be a kind of blessing as a practitioner. Most people I ask in the West say, “Oh, I would rather die in my sleep.” Cancer death is something that’s longer. They wouldn’t want to deal with it at all. That means every single day until they die, or if they are not going to die, they have to deal with the issue of death. And it’s a really difficult thing. The scariest thing for people is death. Milarepa, the great Tibetan saint, said that the reason he started meditating was that he was so frightened of dying. After he started meditating he got to the point where he was no longer afraid of death, because he understood what it was and he understood what he had to do. There are practices to deal with it. And if people would just deal with it, instead of trying not to deal with it until the moment it hits you, or you are terminally ill, you wouldn’t spend the whole time being panic stricken. If people had a way to deal with it or talk about it, then there are some concrete actions they can take. And for me that’s what Buddhism is really about. I think it’s important to learn about what death is.

我々には乳癌の治療を受けおいる芪友が䜕人もいるんです。圌女たちが心に留めおおけるようなこずで䜕かお話しおいただけたすか私の母は乳癌にかかり、姉は乳癌で亡くなりたした。母は乳癌からは回埩したしたが。私もそうなる可胜性はかなり高いでしょう。これに぀いおは頻繁に考えたす。死に方ずしおはその方が良いず私は考えおいたす。そうなった堎合、私には考える時間や準備する時間が䞎えられるからです。瞑想の実践家ずしおはある皮の恵みずも蚀えたす。西掋では皆が「眠っおいる間に死にたい」ず蚀いたすよね。癌による死は長匕くのが普通です。圌らにはそれを盎芖出来ない。癌の堎合、死んでも死ななくおも死ず盎面しなければなりたせん。それはずおも困難なこずです。人々がもっずも恐れるのが死なんですね。チベットの偉倧な聖人ミラレパは、圌が瞑想を始めたのは死に察する恐れを持っおいたからだず蚀いたす。瞑想を始め修行を積んだ圌は、死を恐れるこずがなくなりたした。死が䜕であり、それに察しお䜕をすれば良いかを理解したからです。死を怖いず思うこずはあるでしょうが、それに関しお䜕かをするこずは出来る。そのための修行もありたす。死の瞬間や病気の末期症状になる以前に、死ず向かい合うこずを避けず、死に぀いお考え、盎面しさえすれば、死を埅぀間ずっずパニック状態に陥るこずなく、䞎えられた時間を有意矩に䜿うこずが出来、同時に病気の回埩に努力するこずも出来るんです。もし皆が死に぀いお理解し䌚話すれば、䜕らかの行動をずるこずが出来るはずです。私にずっおはこれが仏教の説く真髄です。死が䜕であるかを孊ぶこずは倧切なこずだず思いたす。

Dr. Christine Skarda outside Jokhang Temple, Lhasa, Tibet

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Q: Besides Buddhism and philosophy books and scientific books, do you have any favorites? A: I do. Two books. I read “Kim”. It’s about a Tibetan Lama and a little boy, who is an orphan in India. The story is in 1860’s. I live in India, and things have never changed at all [laugh]. The book is the world I live in. And the other is “Lord of the Rings”, because it’s a book about good and evil and how good triumphs, and it’s very endearing and easy. I really enjoy this world that’s created. It’s a fantasy, so when I want to relax, I would just read bits of it. I read it maybe twenty five times. It’s kind of an escape for me.

Q: Do you listen to music? A: Yeah, but very rarely. I really love Brahms [Laugh], and piano music. I put on Brahms, turn off the lights and just lie down and listen to it. And it’s like a whole different world. The world of sound that just doesn’t exist anywhere else. It’s the thing I love the most. It’s the thing that I listen to it and I always cry. I clearly have a deep karmic connection with Brahms and the whole culture of that turn of the century, from 1800’s to 1900’s.

Q: Going back to the topic of Buddhism, who and what is the existence of Dalai Lama 14th to you? A: For me, he is a really exceptional teacher. He is the best teacher I have ever heard. He speaks at all levels at one time, so that

仏教や哲孊、科孊の本以倖にお気に入りの本はありたすか二冊ありたす。ひず぀は「Kim邊題「少幎キム」、ラドダヌド・キプリング著」。チベット僧ずむンドの孀児の話です。私はむンドに䜏んでいたすが、あの本が曞かれた幎代以来、䜕も党く倉わっおいないんです笑。あれが正に私が䜏んでいる䞖界なの。もう䞀冊は「Lord of the Rings邊題「指茪物語」、・トルヌキン著」。それが善ず悪の話で、善が勝利するこずず、ずおも簡単に読めるものだから。トルヌキンが䜜り䞊げた䞖界はずおも楜しい。このファンタゞヌはリラックスできるものなの。今たで回は読んだかしら。私にずっおは逃避なのね。

音楜は聎きたすかええ、ごくたれにですが。ブラヌムスが倧奜きなんです笑。あずピアノ音楜。たたに明かりを消しお暪になっおブラヌムスを聎くの。別䞖界にいる気持ちになるわ。他のどこにも存圚しない音の䞖界。これが私が最も愛しお止たないものです。聎きながら私はい぀も泣いおしたうのです。ブラヌムスや幎代から幎代ぞず䞖玀が倉わるあの時代の文化ず私はカルマ的に深く぀ながっおいるのでしょう。

仏教の話題に戻りたすが、ダラむ・ラマ䞖の存圚はあなたにずっお䜕でしょうか私にずっお圌は生涯の最高の教垫です。圌の講矩は䞀床に党おのレベルをカバヌするんです。だから聎いおいる人は誰もが同時に䜕かを孊ぶこずが

Mani Stones and religious objects, Sera Monastery, Lhasa, Tibet

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anybody who is listening can get something out of it. It’s a really magical quality. He would give a talk on something, like Doctrine of Emptiness that I studied for three or four years, and somebody who doesn’t even understand anything gets something in that talk, and I can get something that’s extremely technical with some insight into that, in the same talk. What’s interesting is that the person who heard other things didn’t even heard what I heard, and they wouldn’t feel that they got left out, really, but they would all feel included in that. I think if anyone is a Buddha, he is a Buddha, because that’s what Buddha would do. To do that is an incredible gift. And he also has the voice that’s very interesting. They say that it’s a voice of Manjushuri, who is the gentle-voiced one, the one whose voice is almost like a song, and he’s voice is just amazingly beautiful.

Q: You are born and raised in America. Do you miss anything, like culture, food, and so on? A: Yes! I miss the Bay Area. It’s so beautiful, and it’s so comfortable. I miss central heating. I miss hot water out of the tap and hot shower, of course [Laugh]. I miss food sometimes. I miss friends. I miss a lot of things. I can go without them for a long time but occasionally, but not always. I think, “If I could go to Home Depot, I would be able to buy a whole door! I don’t have to make it!” [Laugh] But the point is, that just doesn’t do it. And in the end, I think I can’t do what I want to do with my mind and I can’t really become the kind of help I want to become if I hold on to that. So I have

出来る。本圓に魔法のような才胜です。私が幎か幎孊んだもの、たずえば「空の教矩」に぀いお圌が話すず、それに぀いおの知識が党く無い人も䜕かを埗るこずが出来、同時に私もそれに぀いお極床にテクニカルな掞察を埗るこずが出来るのです。興味深いのは他の人は私が聎いたこずずは党く違ったこずを聎き取っおいお、取り残されたずいう印象を党く持っおいないこず。皆その堎に参加しおいたずいう実感があるんですね。もしこの䞖の䞭で仏の境地に達した人がいるずすれば、圌こそが仏だず思いたす。なぜならそれが仏がなさるこずだからです。玠晎らしい才胜だず思いたす。圌の声も非垞に興味深い。圌の声は文殊菩薩のようだず蚀う人がいたす。文殊菩薩は優しい声を持぀菩薩で、その声は歌声のようだず蚀われおいたすが、ダラむ・ラマの声もずおも矎しい声ですよ。

あなたはアメリカで生たれ育ったわけですが、恋しいず思うこずはありたすかもちろんたずサンフランシスコ・ベむ゚リアね。ずおも矎しく居心地の良い所です。セントラルヒヌティングや、蛇口をひねるだけで出おくるお湯や暖かいシャワヌも笑。時には食べ物も恋しくなりたす。友達ずか。たたに「あの人に䌚えればいいな」ずか。あるいは「ホヌム・デポに行けばドアが䞞ごず買えるのにこのドアをむチから䜜らなくおも枈むわ」ず思うこずはありたす笑。でもそれでは駄目なの。それに執着すれば私が究極的に目指しおいる救いには成り埗ないのです。だからそれを解き攟぀必芁がありたす。もしこの修行が私自身だけのためにやっおいるこずであれば、俗䞖ぞの執着を解く必芁など無く、以前のように生掻する方がよっぜど簡単です。しかし、倚くの知識を埗た今、粟神を持぀生呜の唯䞀の存圚理由が他の人々ぞの奉仕であるこずを私は知っおしたったのです。でなければ私はサンフランシスコ・ベむ゚リアに䜏み、以前のように玠敵なアパヌトや車や他のものを持぀生掻をしおいるでしょう。だけどそれは私の道ではないのです。だから私は修行を続けたす。

Rainbow, Lhasa, Tibet

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to let go. And I wouldn’t let go if it were just for me. Because, heavens, it would be much easier for me. But I’ve learned enough to know that the only reason there are beings with minds is that those beings with minds are to be there to serve others. Otherwise, I would rather live in San Francisco Bay Area and have a nice apartment like I had before, and a car, and
 But I know that it’s not the way to do it, so I wouldn’t have it that way.

After this interview, we asked Christine to pray for a friend of ours in California. Without hesitation, Christine took off a single thread of red string from around her neck, and handed it to us saying, “I can give this to your friend. Dalai Lama gave it to me at my initiation ceremony. And I will add her to the list of people I always pray for.”

むンタビュヌの埌、私たちはその数日前に乳癌が再発したずいうカリフォルニアの友人のために祈っおくれるようクリスティヌンにお願いした。圌女は即座に銖に掛けおいた䞀筋の赀い玐を私たちに手枡しおこう蚀った。「これは私の出家匏でダラむ・ラマが䞋さったものです。これをそのお友達にあげお䞋さい。私はその方のためにい぀も祈っおいたすよ。」

Dr. Christine Skarda outside Jokhang Temple, Lhasa, Tibet

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FACES of TIBET

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FACE

S of S

OUTH

WES

T CHI

NA

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FACES of LANTA

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It’s Very FamousThe New Open China

The train was finally approaching Chengdu, the capital city of the Sichuan province. Being crammed in one of the six-bed open compartments on the train since it had left Beijing three days before, everybody was anxious for the end of the ride. All of our neighbors were on their way back to Sichuan, after a summer holiday in Beijing. On the last morning on the train together, we decided to ask their recommendations on what to do and see in Sichuan. They enthusiastically and proudly listed up the famous sites that were wrapped in ancient lore, poetry and historical significance.

列車はようやく四川省の銖郜、成郜に近づいおいる

ようだった。北京を出発し、仕切の無い六人乗りのコ

ンパヌトメントに抌し蟌められおからすでに䞉日。皆

が到着を埅おずうずうずしおいた。同じコンパヌトメ

ントにいた党おの乗客が倏の䌑暇で北京に出かけ四川

ぞず戻る人たちだった。共に過ごすのも最埌ずなった

到着の日の朝、圌らに四川の芋どころを尋ねるこずに

した。それを聞いお呚囲の人々は身を乗り出し、叀い

䌝説や詩人たちの歌や䞭囜の歎史にた぀わる重芁な名

所を、胞を匵っお語り始めた。

この数幎の間、新たに手にした経枈的繁栄ず自由を

基盀に、䞭囜の人々は広倧で倚様性に富む圌らの祖囜

を発芋し始めおいる。䞭囜政府が囜民に自囜内の旅行

を掻発に奚励しおいるこずも手䌝っお、急激に成長す

る䞭流クラスはトラベルを始めずするレゞャヌにいち

早く飛び぀いた。倚々あるテレビの旅行番組や高玚ト

レンディヌ雑誌などでは、自然に富み歎史に食られた

芳光地が人々を魅了しお止たない。経枈の明るい予想、

陶酔的なナショナリズム、自囜の歎史ず文化ぞの高た

る関心。これらの芁因が重なっお䞭囜囜民は旅をする

こずに熱狂的だ。その結果、䞭囜における囜内旅行は

爆発的な成長を遂げおいる。

Naxi women walking at sunrise, Lijiang, Yunnan, China

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With newfound wealth and freedom, the Chinese are actively exploring their vast and diverse country. The rapidly growing middle-class has quickly developed an appetite for travel and leisure with the Chinese government proactively encouraging exploration of the motherland. The diverse natural and historic wonders are advertised on countless television travel programs and the pages of glossy magazines. The bright economic outlook, euphoric nationalism and elevated interest in their own history and culture only add to the public’s enthusiasm for travel. As a result, domestic tourism in China has exploded.

By far, the most popular method of exploring China is in the form of the organized group tours. The Chinese find comfort in traveling in large groups, whether it’s with their friends, family or workmates. They rely on well-coordinated transportation and tightly programmed schedules. They are easy to spot at the destination, not only because they tend to stay within the boundary of immediate travel mates, but also because they tend to wear the same clothing, be it a baseball cap, t-shirt or travel bag, all sporting the travel agents logo like employees at a trade show.

䞭囜の人々が囜内旅行をする堎合、最も䞀般的な方法は団䜓ツアヌである。家

族、友人、仕事仲間などず共に倚数によるグルヌプで旅をするのが圌らにずっお

は䞀番快適なようだ。コヌディネヌトされた亀通ず事前に組たれたスケゞュヌル

など、詳现に぀いお頭を悩たすこずも無い。参加者はグルヌプのメンバヌ同士で

固たっお単独行動をせず、さらに旅行䌚瀟のロゎがでかでかず匵られたベヌスボヌ

ルキャップ、シャツやトラベルバッグを揃っお身に着けおいるため、どの芳光

地でも遠くから䞀目瞭然である。

䞀方、䞭倮および地方政府は芳光地開発に忙しい。開発業者や地方産業をその

工皋に参入させ、各プロゞェクトは芳光地呚蟺の宿泊斜蚭や商業の開発にずどた

らず、その呚囲䞀垯の倖芳や経枈構造をも含めた総合的な開発事業に乗り出しお

いる。その成功を決定づけるのは亀通の珟代化だ。蟺境の地をも芖野に入れ、䞻

な芳光地を新しい空枯、䞻芁高速道路、鉄道、そしお長距離バスシステムで結ぶ

ずいう囜家プロゞェクトである。芳光地付近の街ずその呚蟺では新たに区画敎理

が行われ、ホテル、レストラン、商店、銀行などを容易に新蚭できる新垂街が建

蚭される。道路舗装、新しいゲヌト、明確に定矩されたハむキングルヌト、手入

Chinese Tour Group at Grand Buddha, Leshan, Sichuan, China

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The central and provincial governments have quickly been developing tourism sites. In league with developers and local businesses, their projects do not stop at building accommodations and businesses around tourism destinations, but include the blueprints for redefining the surrounding communities’ appearance and economic structures. The modernization of transportation is a key component for tourist development, connecting remote locations to new airports, major highways, railways and long-distant bus networks. They create new areas within the towns where hotels, restaurants, souvenir shops and other conveniences can easily be established. The tourist sites themselves often undergo a face lift with paved roads, new gates, well-defined walk paths, manicured gardens, lookout points, and resting spots with canteens, all decisively of Han Chinese designs. This includes various places in Tibet, where the appearance and feel are rather inappropriate and mismatched.

れが敎った庭園、芋晎台、䌑憩所などを蚭眮す

るこずで、

芳光スポット自䜓がフェむスリフト

を斜されるこずも皀ではない。しかもその党お

は間違いなく挢民族仕様のデザむンで行われ

る。これはチベットでも実行されおいるのだ

が、ラサでの倖芳ず雰囲気は䞍適切でマッチし

おいるずは蚀い難い。

深い緑に芆われた四川の神秘的名山、峚眉山

では、山䞭のハむキングルヌトや階段が党お石

玠材を䜿っお念入りに敎備、舗装されおいお、

その䞡偎には土産屋が䞊んでいた。同時に歩道

が明確なこずで、立ち入り犁止地域が誰にでも

分かるようになっおおり、蚪問者の行動範囲を

限定する圹目も果たしおいる。寺院や芋晎台付

近にはバス停が建蚭され、そこに至る道路も敎

備が敎っおいる。お陰で芳光客ぱアコンが利

いたバスから離れるこずなく名所を楜しめる。

玠晎らしい日の出で知られる山頂ぞ行くには、

困難な登山などをする必芁もなく、リフトず

ケヌブルカヌを乗り継ぐだけでいい。

か぀おごく少数の倖囜人芳光客を迎えおい

ただけだった芳光地付近の小さな町も、今は倧

Chinese tourists collect their luggage in Chengdu, Sichuan, China

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On the lush mountains of Emi-Shan, hiking paths and steps are meticulously paved with stones and souvenir shops line both sides. Simultaneously, the walking paths define boundaries for individual explorations, limiting where one may or may not wonder to. Driveways are constructed to reach bus stops, crowded with souvenir shops, near temples and scenic spots, all within walking distance of the comfortable air-conditioned buses. Lifts and cable cars take visitors higher, so that they do not need to make the difficult climb to see a magnificent sunrise from the top of mythic mountains.

What used to be small old towns near tourist destinations that used to welcomed manageable loads of mainly foreign tourists have expanded, adding new sections with shops and bars catering primarily to the domestic group tour. In case of Lijiang, a UNESCO World Heritage site, the heritage itself has been altered drastically from a quiet old town of calm and charms to a commercialized shopping center, where shop after shop all sell the same indifferent junk. One has to wonder if this is really the development UNESCO had in mind when it issued its’ world famous brand name to Lijiang?

幅に拡匵され、䞻に囜内旅行を楜しむ䞭囜人団䜓芳光客を歓

埅する商店やバヌなどが建ち䞊ぶ新垂街が加わった。ナネス

コ䞖界遺産に指定された雲南省の麗江では、静けさず魅力が

挂う旧垂街だった「遺産」そのものを培底的に改築した結果、

どれも党く同じようなゞャンクを売る店が建ち䞊ぶショッピ

ングセンタヌず化しおいる。ナネスコが䞖界に名だたる「䞖

界遺産」のブランド名を麗江に寄䞎したずき、このような開

発を予想しおいただろうか。

チベット仏教神秘的な魅力ず䞖界でクロヌズアップされた

珟地の䞭囜支配による情勢によっお、トレンディヌずも呌べ

る芳光需芁を生むこずになったチベットは、今や䞖界を代衚

的する芳光地である。もちろん、䞭囜䞭倮政府はそのこずを

よく知っおいお、チベットからの収益をさらに増加させるべ

く、西郚の各省からラサに至る鉄道を新たに建蚭䞭だ。ラサ

を蚪れる䞭囜人芳光客は今たでに無かった増加を遂げ、䞭囜

語によるツアヌガむドサヌビスが遠く蟺境の地にたで圌らを

導いおいる。

若い䞖代は単独で旅に出るのを厭わないようだ。若い倫婊

や愛人たちの䞭には団䜓行動よりも二人だけのロマンチック

な旅を遞ぶ人たちも倚い。倧孊生が手に䜙る時間を利甚しお

その堎に応じた行動を奜むのは、他の囜ずさほど倉わらない。

たた、旅を芳光ではなくアりトドアスポヌツずしお楜しむ若

A view from Emei Shan Mountains, Sichuan, China

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The political situation in Tibet has gotten so much exposure that it has become a world famous tourist destination in its’ own right. The central government is well aware of the trend, and is now building a brand new railroad to transfer more travelers between Western provinces and Lhasa. Chinese tourist are pouring into Lhasa at a previously unheard of rate and special tours are arranged to take them farther a field.

The younger Chinese are much more inclined to travel on their own. Married couples and lovers want to find their romantic moments without a group present. College students with more time available want to roam around spontaneously. There are some who consider travel more of an outdoor sport

者も少なくない。圌らはカフェに集

たり、西掋颚のメニュヌを味わい、

で最新の映画を楜しむ。むン

タヌネットで旅情報を怜玢し、店内

の雰囲気を満喫しながら旅人同士で

情報亀換をする。この点も倖囜人ト

ラベラヌず党く同じだ。最近自家甚

車を賌入した䞭流階玚家庭も自らの

旅をするようになっおきおおり、こ

の傟向は䞭囜における車オヌナヌの

急速な増加を反映しお、近い将来急

激に䞊昇するず考えられる。

囜内の芳光産業が倉化を遂げ、急

成長する䞭で、倖来旅行者も囜内芳

光客ず党く同じ旅の仕方を匷いられ

る可胜性は倧いにある。そこでポむ

ントずなるのは、代衚的な名所を蚪

れるず同時に、珟地の人々ず盎に接

するこずができるような方法を探す

こずだ。西掋人や日本人のトラベ

ラヌには芳光客で溢れるルヌトを離

れ、人里離れた村や裏道や未知の地

Potala Palace, once the center of the Tibetan government, Lhasa, Tibet

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than just merely sightseeing. These young travelers congregate in fashionable cafés that serve coffee, offer Western menus, show recent movies on DVDs, offers Internet access, and sport a cool atmosphere to hang out and exchange information in. Middle-class families with recently acquired cars have also started to travel on their own, and the trend is expected to rise sharply in the near future, in synch with the huge sales of automobiles in China.

In light of the unfolding tourism taking shape in China, the visiting Westerner can easily feel confined to traveling in the same way as the domestic herds. The challenge is in finding a unique path that leads you through amazing places while at the same time offers the right amount of personal and direct interaction with the people and places. Western travelers have

を蚪れる情熱を持぀者が倚い。䞭囜

の囜土そのものがオヌプンになり、

団䜓客向けに開発されるに぀れお移

動が䟿利になる反面、未開発の䞭囜

に足を螏み入れるこずはたすたす困

難になるだろう。

私たちが䞭囜で過ごした二ヶ月は、

未だ広く知られるこずのない驚異に

満ちたこの巚倧な宝箱の衚面を匕っ

掻いただけに過ぎない。滞圚期間が

短くおもいい。目的地が蟺境の地で

ある必芁はなく、郜垂の真ん䞭にも

発芋は倧いにある。もし、旅行者が

スタンダヌド化されたツアヌではな

く、自らのルヌトを䜜り䞊げれば玠

晎らしい宝石のような経隓ができる

こずはは間違いない。

A cafe in Old Town, Lijiang, Yunnan, China

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a passion for getting off the beaten path and seeking out remote villages, back streets and unknown areas. As areas continue to open up in China, so will travel for the masses, making it at the same time easier and more difficult to find the undeveloped China.

The two months we spent in China were just scratches on the surface of this huge treasure box, which is still full of untapped wonders. Travelers are almost guaranteed to discover gems, even in a short, limited time, both in far off places and inner city settings, especially if they are willing to go outside of the established tours and make their own arrangements.

Traveling off the beaten track is a little harder than visiting the popular destinations, but transportation is available thanks to all the improvements in this new open China. On the unbeaten paths, the tranquility that one feels at quiet outdoor spots and the personal interactions with locals offer the opportunity to see a real China, that hasn’t been all dolled-up for the casual tourist. Of course, there are always the must-see places like the Potala Palace or the Grand Buddha. Just watch out when they say “It’s very famous.”

団䜓客で混んだルヌトから倖

れるのは、知名床の高い芳光地

を蚪れるこずよりも少々困難な

堎合もあるが、䞭囜が囜家レベ

ルで新たに開発され぀぀あるお

陰で亀通機関事情は急速に充実

しおおり、今埌もさらなる向䞊

が期埅される。䞭囜の本圓の姿

は、団䜓芳光客が矀がるこずの

ない自然の䞭で静かに立ったず

きに感じる心の安らぎや、珟地

の人々ず盎に接する機䌚を持っ

たずきに珟れるものだ。もちろ

ん、行くからには芋おおきたい

所も数限りなくあるが。ただ、

珟地の人々が誇らしげに「そこ

はずおも有名な所です」ず蚀う

堎所は泚意されたい。

Leaving the train station, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

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Life Reinvented We continue to find the unbeaten path more rewarding, offering the unexpected experiences in every culture we visit. Perhaps the same can be said for the unbeaten paths in life. As we look at the lifestyles of the cultures we explore, we find that they are, in general, reflections of their societies. However, it’s interesting to take notice of the alternative lifestyles we find here and there, fusing cultures and creating new ways of living in societies with deeply rooted traditions.

Taking a break, Dali, Yunnan, China

 芳光客が倧挙しお抌し寄せるこずのない旅の道では埗るものが倚く、思っおもみなかった䜓隓に満ちおいる。それは私たちが蚪れたどの囜でも同じである。この事は人生の道においおも同じこずが蚀えるかも知れない。倚くの文化圏での様々なラむフスタむルを芋おいるず、䞀般に生掻様匏はその瀟䌚を反映したものだ。しかし、その倚くが䌝統に深く根付いた瀟䌚である䞭で、耇数の文化を融合させ、党く新しい生き方をクリ゚むトしおいるようなラむフスタむルに時折出䌚うこずは特筆に倀する。

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In the small, ancient fortress town of Dali, China, surrounded by stunning nature and a rich history, young entrepreneurs are running their own business, mostly in the service sector, making their dream of do-it-yourself, “free and just enough” come true. They gather under rather loose and easy-going ideals to create places and spaces for others to enjoy. Their visions manifest in the form of guest houses, restaurants, café and bars. They do not actively advertise their presence in guidebooks and tourist offices, but attract clients by word of mouth. From what we observed in China, this particular business plan is on target, as mainstream tourism does not offer many alternatives and is usually saturated with well-programmed experience. Through word of mouth recommendations, they are able to meet people with similar ideas, values and philosophies. This creates a kind of network among their clients that helps them to promote their businesses to a similar customer base in a grass roots manner. Take for example the Irish owned bar/bookstore, or the American/Japanese/Chinese coffeehouse, or even the Chinese guesthouse with artist owners. All are living a simplified existence that fits the lifestyle they have designed themselves. They have woven a tight community of young entrepreneurs who work together, instead of competing fiercely for the visitors business.

Salvador’s inside and out, Dali, Yunnan, China 䞭囜雲南省にある倧理。豊かな自然に囲たれ、長い歎史ず心地よい倩候に恵たれた小さな叀城街である。この街では、若い経営者たちが䞻にサヌビス業で自らのビゞネスを運営し、自力による「自由、か぀生きるには充分」ずいう圌らの倢を実珟させおいる。柔軟性ずゆずりを持ったコンセプトに共鳎した仲間たちは、人々が集たっお楜しめる堎所やスペヌスを提䟛する。このビゞョンはゲストハりスやレストラン、たたはカフェやバヌに具珟化されおいる。ガむドブックぞの宣䌝やツヌリスト䌚瀟ずの連携は最小限に抑え、䞻に個人レベルの口コミでクラむアントを集める。私たちが䞭囜で芋たずころでは、メゞャヌ芳光産業ではツアヌ䌚瀟たかせの団䜓旅行が倧半を占めおいお、オルタナティブな遞択肢が少ないため、このビゞネスプランは的を射たものだず蚀える。圌らは、個人による掚薊を通じお同じようなスタむル、䟡倀芳、考え方を持぀人々ず出䌚うこずができるのだ。クラむアント間である皮のネットワヌクが圢成され、草の根運動的にその茪が広がっおいく。その䟋ずしお、アむルランド人が経営するバヌず本屋、アメリカ人、日本人、䞭囜人が共同経営するコヌヒヌハりス、さらに䞭囜人アヌティストが開いたゲストハりスなどがある。圌らの生掻は圌ら自身が蚭蚈したシンプルではあるが充実したシンプルな生き方だ。圌らは仲間同士の激しい競争を避け、独自のコミュニティヌの䞭で協力しあいながら共存しおいるようだった。

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There are many expatriates wandering the world, mostly from western cultures. There are many reasons they may seek a life outside of their homelands. Maybe a few are on the run, hiding from their governments, but mostly they are honest folk bent on creating an alternative life for themselves, based on more quality than quantity. There are many possible reasons for their relocation: international romances; political disillusionment; the need to stretch Western currency to the maximum; continued cultural education; or simply wanting to slow down and relax the pace of their life. In these far off corners of the world many creative souls find quiet time to concentrate on their work, without interruptions. Many expats are retired Westerners and Japanese, who not only enjoy exploring life in different environments, but also take advantage of the lower living costs. In fact, many Southeast Asian countries now offer retirement visas, which are both easy to obtain and extend.

Sunset, Dali, Yunnan, China

 䞖界には自ら母囜を脱出した人々が動き回っおいる。䞻に西掋人である。圌らが祖囜を離れお違った生き方を求める理由にはいろいろあるようだ。ごく少数はお尋ね者だったりもするが、そのほずんどが「量よりも質」をモットヌに、自分に合った別の生掻を求めお倖に目を向けた人たちだ。囜際的なロマンス、政治的な幻滅、持ち金を長続きさせる目的、独自の文化研究、あるいは単玔にゆったりずリラックスできる生掻などを理由に圌らは母囜を飛び出した。䞖界の四隅では、静かにクリ゚むティブな掻動に心おきなく専念しおいる人々がいるのだ。退職生掻を楜しむ西掋人や日本人も倚い。異なった環境での生掻を堪胜しながら、生掻費を節玄できるからだ。事実東南アゞア諞囜では、取埗しやすく延長も簡単な退職者甚ビザを発行しおいる。

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Thailand seems to be a place of opportunity, as our artist friend from Santa Cruz has been living abroad for several years now. In addition to her art, she has established an island tour business that offers overnight camping trips to deserted islands. She has just completed building her dream house, a pole house situated over the ocean and is living an alternative lifestyle that she designed. Her neighbor happens to be an American writer who stays for most of the year, concentrating on writing his first novel. Her friend is a Danish woman who is in her second season teaching Thai cooking classes on the beach. Their other friends are a young couple who split their lives between San Francisco Bay Area and the island, where they run a café bar.

Artist and Writer, Ko Lanta, Thailand

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Locals and expats form alliances quite often in this context, in order to realize their mutual dreams. One may call it a part of globalization, and it probably is. However, the trend is virtually unnoticeable, shadowed by large corporations’ advertised foreign investments, which normally lack in sensible cultural integration and often end up in mere in-your-face Western overtakes. Private level entrepreneurs, on the other hand, can set new standards in services, exterior and interior designs, and discover untapped business opportunities that are not in competitions with rapidly growing tourism, though they are definitely part of it.

Sunset, Ko Lanta, Thailand Time For Lime Thai Cooking School, Ko Lanta, Thailand

 カリフォルニア州サンタ・クルヌズ出身の友人がこの数幎そこで生掻しおいるこずからも、タむがそんな機䌚を提䟛する堎所であるこずが分かる。圌女はアヌティストであり、キャンピングをしながら数々の孀島を巡るツアヌも始めた。珟地持民の䌝統的蚭蚈による、海岞からせり出す圢匏のドリヌムハりスを珟圚建蚭䞭である。正に自分の人生の蚭蚈図を実行する生掻だ。圌女が䜏む持村には、これもアメリカ出身のラむタヌが䞀幎の倧半をその島で過ごしながら最初の小説を完成させようずしおいる。たた圌女にはデンマヌク人の友人がいお、この女性もバンガロヌを経営しながら海岞でタむ料理教宀を開く自己経営者である。サンフランシスコベむ゚リアずその島を行き来しながら砂浜でカフェバヌを経営するカップルもいる。

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They all create space for multicultural collaborations showing eye-opening possibilities for those who dare to differ from the uniform societies in pursuit of free thinking and living, or for those who dream of living outside of their homelands. They are making their own paths, while proving to others that such dreams can come true. With uniquely creative ideas, a bit of funds, hard work, and a bit of luck to pave the way, they walk a path of alternative living and design their lives according to their dreams.

Carls’ Place, Dali, Yunnan, China

 珟地の人々ず脱出者たちは、このような状況でしばしばパヌトナヌを組んでお互いの倢を実珟させようずする。この動きは、しかし、通垞二぀の文化を䞊手く融合できない倧䌁業の倧々的に報道された海倖投資や海倖進出の圱に隠れおいお衚面化しない。個人レベルでの投資は、その投資先である文化の䞭でサヌビス業、倖装蚭蚈やむンテリアデザむンの面で新たなスタンダヌドを生む可胜性を持っおいる。そこには、急成長を続ける芳光産業ずは真っ向から察立するこずなく未開発のビゞネスを発掘できる可胜性も朜んでいる。これらの異文化パヌトナヌシップが、䞻流や倧手ではないにしおも、同じ芳光産業垂堎の䞭で掻動する堎合が倚いからだ。

 圌らは文化圏をたたがる共同䜓を圢䜜りながら、党䜓䞻矩的な瀟䌚䟋えば䞭囜のようなで独自の生き方を求めたり、母囜の倖での生掻を倢芋たりする人たちに向けお、党く違ったナニヌクな角床から可胜性を提瀺しおいる。マニュアル無しで切り開く生き方が、そこでは珟実ずなっおいるのにも泚目したい。ナニヌクでクリ゚むティブなアむディア、少々の資本、実行、倚少の幞運。それを持っお圌らは自分達の生き方を開拓しおいる。

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Som Tom

GREEN PAPAYA SALAD Serves 4

6 small chillies

6 garlic cloves

4 tbs dried shrimp

4 long beans - chopped, 2 cm

4 tomatoes - diced

shredded green papaya

4 tbs roasted peanuts or cashews

6 tbs lime juice

6 tbs fish sauce

4 tbs palm sugar

Using a mortar and pestle, pound garlic, chillies and dried shrimp. Then peanuts, mash. Add long beans, bruise. Add sauces and sugar, blend well. Add tomatoes, and papaya, bruise. Serve and Enjoy.

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Geo Guide ChinaLhasa Chengdu

KunmingDali

Lijiang

Leshan

Bangkok

Ko Lanta

1. China2. Bhutan3. India4. Bangladesh5. Myanmar6. Thailand7. Malaysia8. Cambodia9. Vietnam10. Laos

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China: The capital of the People’s Republic of China is Beijing. The country is located in Eastern Asia, bordering the East China Sea, Korea Bay, Yellow Sea, and South China Sea, between North Korea and Vietnam. It’s shares land boundaries with Afghanistan, Bhutan, Burma, India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan and Vietnam. The climate is extremely diverse; tropical in the south to subarctic in the north. The terrain consists of mostly mountains, high plateaus, deserts in the west, plains, deltas and hills in the east. Natural resources include coal, iron ore, petroleum, natural gas, mercury, mineral deposits, uranium and hydropower potential. China is the world’s fourth-largest country (after Russia, Canada, and US). The population is estimated to be 1,298,847,624 (July 2004). Data from 1989 lists ethnic groups including Han Chinese (91.9%), Zhuang, Uygur, Hui, Yi, Tibetan, Miao, Manchu, Mongol, Buyi, Korean, and other nationalities (8.1%).

䞭華人民共和囜銖郜は北京。東アゞアに䜍眮し、北朝鮮ずベトナムの間で東シナ海、朝鮮湟、黄海、南シナ海に面する。囜境を接する囜々は、アフガニスタン、ブヌタン、ビルマミャンマヌ、むンド、カザフスタン、キルギスタン、ラオス、モンゎル、ネパヌル、パキスタン、ロシア、タゞキスタン、そしおベトナムである。気候地方によっお倚様を極める。南は熱垯、北は亜北極地垯である。地圢山岳地垯、高山区域、西には砂挠があり、平野、デルタ、䞘陵地垯が東方面を占める。自然資源石炭、鉄鉱石、鉱石、石油、自然ガス、氎銀、ミネラル、りラニりム、氎力発電。䞭囜はロシア、カナダ、アメリカに次いで䞖界第四の領土を有する。人口幎月掚定、1,298,847,624。幎のデヌタによる囜民の民族分垃は、挢民族91.9%、チワン族、りむグル族、回族、むヌ族、チベット族、ミャオ族、満州族、蒙叀族、プむ族、朝鮮族、その他8.1%。

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Thailand: The capital of the Kingdom of Thailand is Bangkok. The country is located in Southeastern Asia, bordering the Andaman Sea and the Gulf of Thailand, southeast of Burma. It’s shares land boundaries with Burma, Cambodia, Laos, and Malaysia. The climate is tropical, rainy and hot from mid-May to September; dry and cooler from November to Mid-March. The terrain consists of central plains, Khorat Plateau in the east, with mountains elsewhere. Natural resources include tin, rubber, natural gas, tungsten, tantalum, timber, lead, fish, gypsum, lignite, fluorite and arable land. The population is estimated to be 64,865,523 (July 2004). These estimates take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS. Ethnic groups include Thai (75%), Chinese (14%), and a variety of other tribes (11%). Thailand was known as Siam until 1939 and is the only Southeast Asian country never to have been colonized by a European power.

タむ銖郜はバンコック。東南アゞアに䜍眮し、アンダマン海、タむ湟、ビルマミャンマヌの南東に面し、ビルマ、カンボゞア、ラオス、マレヌシアずの囜境を持぀。気候熱垯で、月䞭旬から月たでは雚期で暑い。月から月䞭旬は雚が少なくなり、気枩も䞋がる。地圢䞭倮平野を持ち、コラット山脈が東偎に䜍眮しおいる。他の地域にも山が倚い。自然資源スズ、ゎム、自然ガス、タングステン、タンタル、朚材、鉛、魚類、石膏、耐炭、蛍石、耕地。人口幎月掚定で64,865,523。この掚定ぱむズによる過剰な死亡率が考慮されおいる。囜民の民族分垃は、タむ人75%、䞭囜人14%、その他11%。タむは幎たでシャムずしお知られおいた。たた、東南アゞア諞囜の䞭ではペヌロッパによる怍民政策の察象ずならなかった唯䞀の囜でもある。

Geo Guide Thailand

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Resources

Colo

phon

Bird Bar #22 Ren Min Road, Dali, China 86-872-2661843 [email protected]

Guide and Driver, Lijiang Li and Richard He [email protected] tel: 13578370587

King’s Park Kitchen No. 5 Hu Guo Road, Dali, China 86-1361-8720623

Salavador’s Coffee House Wen Lin Jie, Wen Hua Xiang #76 Kunming, China 0871-5363525 [email protected]

Wild Swans by Jung Chang A tragic tale of China’s 20th century ISBN: 0-00-717076-9

Atcha Hut Bungalows Klong Nin Beach, Ko Lanta Yai, Thailand 09-4704607 / 07-0335875 [email protected]

Sun Fishing and Camping Tours & Ko Lanta House Rental Lanta Old Town, Ko Lanta, Thailand 66-075-697-188 [email protected]

Time for Lime Creative Cooking Saladan, Ko Lanta, Thailand www.timeforlime.net [email protected]

This issue of Fusion Journal is produced start to finish on Apple’s Macintosh G4 Powerbook computer running OSX using Adobe Creative Suite software and typefaces to design the pages. A SmartDisk FireLight 60GB portable hard drive runs Japanese OSX and provides backup for our files.

Original photographs are taken with a Canon EOS 10D Digital Camera using Canon 28-135mm Ultrasonic with Image Stabilizer and 17-40mm Ultrasonic lenses. A Canon PowerShot S410 Digital Elph Camera is also used.

Images are color-corrected and resized using Adobe Photoshop and sharpened using Pixel Genius Photokit Sharpener. Layouts are created in Adobe InDesign using Techno, Myriad Multiple Master, Kozuka Mincho and Kozuka Gothic typefaces. The final layout is saved as an Adobe Acrobat PDF with eBook settings.

Power is supplied by a Belkin travel universal plug, surge protector, and AC Anywhere power adapter. Backpacks from Eagle Creek and Crumpler carry our gear.

フュヌゞョン・ゞャヌナル第号は、Apple Macintosh G4 PowerBookMacOS X、Adobe Creative Suite゜フトり゚アずフォントを䜿っおデザむン、線集された。MacOS X日本語版はSmartDisk瀟のFireLite 60GB ポヌタブルHDにむンストヌル埌、起動ディスクずしお指定埌䜿甚した。同ディスクはバックアップHDずしおも䜵甚。

オリゞナル写真画像撮圱はCanon EOS 10Dデゞタル䞀県レフず二機のレンズ、28-135mmむメヌゞスタビラむザヌ搭茉のUltraSonicおよび17-40mm UltraSonicで行った。さらにCanon PowerShot S410 Digital Elfを䜿甚。

画像のカラヌおよびサむズ調敎はAdobe Photoshop、シャヌプニングはPixel GeniusのPhotokit Sharpnerを䜿甚。Adobe InDesignによりレむアりトを行い、フォントはTechno、Myriad Multiple Master、小塚明朝および小塚ゎシックを䜿った。最終レむアりトはAdobe Acrobat PDFでeBookのセッティングを甚いお行った。

囜際電源アダプタはBelkin瀟のナニバヌサルプラグ、サヌゞプロテクタヌずAC Anywhereアダプタ。バックパックはEagle Creek瀟、PowerBook甚のキャリヌバッグはCrumpler瀟による。

Incense burning at Wuyou Si Temple, Leshan, Sichuan, China