generating strategic options and exploring distributional impacts final workshop of the distillate...
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Generating Strategic Optionsand
Exploring Distributional Impacts
Final workshop of the DISTILLATE programme
Great Minster House, London
Tuesday 22nd January 2008
Peter Jones
UCL
1
ObjectivesObjectives/Indicators
(7)
Assess problems (8)
Possible instruments (9)
Predict impacts (12)
Compare solutions (13)
Implement (15)
Evaluate performance (15)
Monitor (15)
Barriers (10)
Possible strategies (11)
Optimisation (14)
Appraisal (13)
Scenarios (11)
• To develop option generation methods• To enhance the range,
innovation and quality of options
• For strategies and schemes
Four Option Generation Products
Strategies Schemes
‘Inside’ the box
Packages of urban measures
[KonSULT]
Streetspace main road redesign
(Bloxwich)
‘Outside’ the box
Accessibility Planning options
(Barnsley Dearne)
Community space design
(Blackpool)
Four Option Generation Products
Strategies Schemes
‘Inside’ the box
Packages of urban measures
[KonSULT]
Streetspace main road redesign
(Bloxwich)
‘Outside’ the box
Accessibility Planning options
(Barnsley Dearne)
Community space design
(Blackpool)
KonSULT: Generating Packages of Measures
• KonSULT is a web based knowledgebase developed at the University of Leeds
http://www.konsult.leeds.ac.uk• Assesses potential contribution of over 40 transport
and land use policy instruments, to achieving a range of objectives/ addressing problems
• Uses both a first principles assessment and review of case studies
• Provides information about previous applications of selected instruments
KonSULT Developing Option Generation
Component
• The option generation tool has been developed to allow users to interrogate the information within the KonSULT database and develop packages of policy instruments
• Users define their local circumstances and requirements, and the software then scores instruments in terms of their suitability – in two steps:
Step 1
Uses information within KonSULT to assess each policy instrument, based on the criteria supplied by the user. Scores and then ranks each one. Accessible at:
http://www.konsult.leeds.ac.uk/new/private/level2/filter.php
Step 2
Takes data from Step 1 and adds information on synergy or barriers to create potential packages of pairs of instruments.
Add on available from [email protected]
Step 2 (Packages)
• .xls spreadsheet model
• Uses output from step 1• Individual can select / unselect the indicators
to be included in packages • It creates a ranking of pairs of indicators using
the combined score of the two policy instruments from step 1 and then modifies this score using either the synergy or barrier matrices
Accessibility Planning Options
Development of several techniques:
• To assist with problem diagnosis as well as option identification
• Some designed for use with local residents
• Others designed for application by sector professionals
• Includes consideration of distributional impacts
Defining Type of Service ProvisionService Provision
What Hospital Outpatients
Home Service/Delivery
Telephone/ Internet
Mobile Service
Local Service
Direct Public Transport Access
Public Transport Access via Interchange
Saturday
Sunday
When
Monday-Friday
At Home
In Villages
In Wider Area
Where
Add service
Reset 6 AM 9 AM 12 PM 3 PM 6 PM 9 PM 12 AM
Add service
Reset 6 AM 9 AM 12 PM 3 PM 6 PM 9 PM 12 AM
6 AM 9 AM 12 PM 3 PM 6 PM 9 PM 12 AM
Add service
Reset
General Problems Relating to Residential Location
Direct Access by Public Transport
Access via Interchange by
Public Transport
At Home In Villages
Wider Area
Information, Quality and Availability
Walking and Street Environment
Cost of Transport
Public Transport
Interchanges
Add Access Issue
Add Access Issue
Add Access Issue
Add Access Issue
Add Access Issue
Limited Availability of Local Fresh Food
Personal security concerns – groups hanging around
Can’t use pass on different operators on same route
Low frequencyLack of evening services
Uncertainty about making connection
Clear List
Clear List
Clear List
Clear List
Clear List
Previous Sheet
Suggested Solutions
Suggested Solutions
Suggested Solutions
Suggested Solutions
Suggested Solutions
Solutions: Known Options
Walking and Street Environment
Problems Solution 1 Solution 2 Solution 3Pavements not suitable for buggies and wheelchairs (too narrow or pavement parking)
Widen footways Ban pavement parking and enforce Designate priority walking routes, with better physical conditions, maintenance and enforcement
Cars drive too quickly on residential streets
Introduce physical speed reduction measures: speed humps, chicanes
Use of regulations: 20 mph speed limits, give way at junctions, park on alternate sides of street
Enforcement of speed limits
Unsafe crossing places at junctions
Provide informal crossing facilities: refuges, speed tables
Provide zebra, pelican or puffin crossings
Unsafe crossing places at bus stops/stations
Provide informal crossing facilities: refuges, speed tables
Provide zebra, pelican or puffin crossings
Resite bus stops to safer locations
Personal security concerns – poor lighting
Improve lighting levels and colour Remove potential hiding places and improve sight lines
Personal security concerns – groups hanging around
Provide community wardens Improve leisure facilities for young people
School sessions, to encourage more responsible behaviour
Solutions: More Open Options
Re-DEFINE types of services provided?– Align more closely to customer needs
Re-LOCATE points of service delivery?– Become closer to customers/users
Re-TIME patterns of service delivery?– Align with customer timing needs
Re-FRESH services?– To improve quality
CO-OPERATE with other agencies?– ‘Joined-up’, seamless service delivery, for
better efficiency and effectiveness
Distributional Impacts
• For different groups of people
• For different residential locations/public transport service patterns
• For different sector agencies
Constraints: Older PeopleType of Person
Service Hospital Outpatients
Monday to Friday
1 Full fare travel
1 Home carer
Service Hours
Older person
Child/Adult Care Constraints
Personal Constraints
Type of constraint
Available Time
Add Constraint Delete...
6 AM 9 AM 12 PM 3 PM 6 PM 9 PM 12 AM
6 AM 9 AM 12 PM 3 PM 6 PM 9 PM 12 AMDelete...Add Constraint
Previous Sheet
6 AM 9 AM 12 PM 3 PM 6 PM 9 PM 12 AM
6 AM 9 AM 12 PM 3 PM 6 PM 9 PM 12 AM
Constraints: Young Families
Monday to Friday
1 Shift work
1 Children to school
1 Children after school
Service Hours
Child/Adult Care Constraints
Personal Constraints
Type of constraint
Available Time
Add Constraint Delete...
6 AM 9 AM 12 PM 3 PM 6 PM 9 PM 12 AM
6 AM 9 AM 12 PM 3 PM 6 PM 9 PM 12 AMDelete...Add Constraint
6 AM 9 AM 12 PM 3 PM 6 PM 9 PM 12 AM
6 AM 9 AM 12 PM 3 PM 6 PM 9 PM 12 AM
Distributional Impacts: Agencies
• Sectors work to tightly drawn targets, or profit seeking criteria
• Efficiency savings are sometimes based on externalising internal costs
• So, changes in service delivery patterns in one sector can have (negative) impacts on others
Cross-sector Impacts
Close School:
Consolidate Sites
• Better educational provision
• Efficiency savings
• Larger numbers of pupils at one site
• Fewer walk or cycle
• More go by car
• More go by bus/train
• Greater risk of bullying
• Intimidation in surrounding streets
• Greater risk of bullying
• Intimidation in surrounding streets
• Further travel distances for some
• Loss of after-school activities at closed site
• Reduced physical exercise
• More traffic around school:- congestion- accidents
• More pupils on buses:-crowding- intimidation
• Fewer social/ leisure activities
• Greater anti-social behaviour
School Closure/ConsolidationKEY:
Benefit to Sector
Disbenefitto Sector
SECTORS:
Education
Policing
Health
Transport
Consequences
Questions?
ContactProfessor Peter Jones
Centre for Transport Studies, UCL
Tel: 020 7679 0478
www.distillate.ac.uk