Genetically Modified Genetically Modified FoodsFoods

Галич О.В.,Галич О.В.,

вчитель англійської мови,вчитель англійської мови,

Городищенський економічний Городищенський економічний ліцейліцей

History of GMOHistory of GMO

►Scientists first Scientists first discovered that DNA discovered that DNA can transfer between can transfer between organisms in 1946. organisms in 1946. The first genetically The first genetically modified plant was modified plant was produced in 1983, produced in 1983, using an antibiotic-using an antibiotic-resistant tobacco resistant tobacco plant.plant.

► GMOs have had specific GMOs have had specific

changes introduced into changes introduced into

genetic engineering genetic engineering

techniques. These techniques. These

techniques are much techniques are much

more precise than more precise than

mutagenesis where an mutagenesis where an

organism is exposed to organism is exposed to

radiation or chemicals radiation or chemicals

to create a non-specific to create a non-specific

but stable change. but stable change.

► In 1994, the In 1994, the transgenic Flavr transgenic Flavr Savr tomato was Savr tomato was approved by the approved by the FDA for marketing FDA for marketing in the US-the in the US-the modification modification allowed the tomato allowed the tomato to delay ripening to delay ripening after picking.after picking.

►Currently, there are several GM crops Currently, there are several GM crops that are food sources. In some cases, that are food sources. In some cases, the product is directly commodities, the product is directly commodities, which are further processed into food which are further processed into food ingredients.ingredients.

Common GM FoodsCommon GM Foods

►VegetablesVegetables►TomatoesTomatoes►PotatoesPotatoes►RiceRice►CheeseCheese►MeatMeat

Possible BenefitsPossible Benefitsof GM Foodsof GM Foods

Easing of world hungerEasing of world hunger► Development of crops Development of crops

that can be grown in marginal soilthat can be grown in marginal soil

Reduced strain on Reduced strain on

nonrenewable resourcesnonrenewable resources► Development of drought resistant cropsDevelopment of drought resistant crops► Development of salt-tolerant cropsDevelopment of salt-tolerant crops

Possible BenefitsPossible Benefits of GM Foods of GM Foods

Reduced use of Reduced use of

pesticides and herbicidespesticides and herbicides► Development of pest resistant crops Development of pest resistant crops

► Reduced herbicide use is better Reduced herbicide use is better

for the environment and for the environment and

reduces costs for farmersreduces costs for farmers

Possible Benefits Possible Benefits of GM Foodsof GM Foods

Improved crop qualityImproved crop quality► Development of frost resistant crops Development of frost resistant crops

► Development of disease resistant cropsDevelopment of disease resistant crops

► Development of flood resistant cropsDevelopment of flood resistant crops

Possible Benefits Possible Benefits of GM Foodsof GM Foods

Improved nutritional qualityImproved nutritional quality

► Development of foods Development of foods

designed to meet designed to meet

specific nutritional goalsspecific nutritional goals

Who makes sure GM foods are Who makes sure GM foods are safe?safe?

Government agencies Government agencies regulate GM foodsregulate GM foods

►GM foods in the United GM foods in the United States are required to be States are required to be labeled only if the labeled only if the nutritional value is nutritional value is changed or a new changed or a new allergen is introduced.allergen is introduced.

Possible Risks Possible Risks of GM Foodsof GM Foods

► Insects might Insects might develop resistance develop resistance to pesticide-to pesticide-producing GM crops producing GM crops

►Herbicide-tolerant Herbicide-tolerant crops may cross-crops may cross-pollinate weeds, pollinate weeds, resulting in resulting in "superweeds""superweeds"

Possible Risks Possible Risks for GM Foodsfor GM Foods

►Certain gene Certain gene products may be products may be allergens, thus allergens, thus causing harm to causing harm to human health human health

►There may be There may be unintended harm to unintended harm to wildlife and wildlife and beneficial insects beneficial insects

БібліографіяБібліографія

►http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geneticallyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetically_modified_organism_modified_organism

►http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/elsi/gmfood.shtmlHuman_Genome/elsi/gmfood.shtml

►http://www.csa.com/discoveryguides/ghttp://www.csa.com/discoveryguides/gmfood/overview.phpmfood/overview.php