geni: global environment for networking innovations guru parulkar cise/nsf [email protected] to...
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GENI: Global Environment for Networking Innovations
Guru ParulkarCISE/NSF
To Reinvent the Internet
Internet Has Been A Transformative Infrastructure
Top 20 Engineering Innovations of 20th Century
A Century of Innovations(National Academy of Engineering)
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State of Internet“… in the thirty-odd years since its invention, new uses and abuses, …, are pushing the Internet into realms that its original design neither anticipated nor easily
accommodates.”
“Freezing forevermore the current architecture would be bad enough, but in fact the situation is deteriorating. These architectural barnacles—unsightly outcroppings
that have affixed themselves to an unmoving architecture— may serve a valuable short-term
purpose, but significantly impair the long-term flexibility, reliability, security, and manageability of the Internet.”
Overcoming Barriers to Disruptive Innovation in Networking, NSF Workshp Report, 05.
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GENI Initiative: Goals
• Invent innovative internet architecture(s) and
distributed system capabilities -- go beyond Internet
• Enable seamless conception-to-deployment process
– Facility for experimentation at scale with apps and users
• Work with broader community
– Academic and industry communities
– Other US and international agencies
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Outline
• GENI research rationale
• GENI facility rationale and design
• Opportunities for participation
• Example architecture themes and systems
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The Internet Hourglass
IP
Kazaa VoIP Mail News Video Audio IM U Tube
Applications
TCP SCTP UDP ICMPTransport protocols
Ethernet 802.11 SatelliteOpticalPower lines BluetoothATM
Link technologies
Everythingon IP
IP oneverything
Modified John Doyle Slide
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Internet and WEB Hourglass
IP
Kazaa VoIP Mail News Video Audio IM U Tube
Applications
TCP SIP UDP RTPTransport protocols
Ethernet 802.11 SatelliteOpticalPower lines BluetoothATMIP oneverything
HTTP
Everythingon WEB
ContinuedInnovations
Modified John Doyle Slide
Ossification
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Internet Architecture Concerns
• Security and robustness
• Control and management
• Addressing, naming & (inter-domain) routing
• End-to-end principle vs in-network processing
• Mobility of hosts and networks
• Economic viability of different stakeholders
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Mobile Wireless Trends
• 2B+ cell phones
• 400M+ cell phones with Internet capability -- rising rapidly
• New data devices (blackberry, PDA, iPod) and services
• 240M vehicles on the road -- to get network connectivity
• Mobile wireless to dominate future computing and communication
• Current Internet not designed for mobile
wireless
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Embedded Physical World
New Machines
New Environments New Applications
New Scale Billion to trillion devices!
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Networking the Physical World
Internet
Internet architecture not designed to network the physical world
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Photonics Integration TrendsSource: Vinod Khosla
Almost Free OEO!!1.6 Tbps on a chip: 40 x 40
Input Signal Blanking EAM
10ps Delay using deep-etched waveguide
SGDBR Tunable Laser
Flared Input Pre-amp SOAs
Dual SGDBR Signal Booster SOAs
1mm MZI SOAs
Label Rewrite EAM
Packet Switching Buffering in Optical Domain
Source: Dan Blumenthal
High capacity “dynamic” optical networks a certainty
Current Internet architecture not designed to take advantage of it
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Distributed System Capabilities
• Information dissemination
– Standard and streaming media; stored and real time
• Management and sharing of personal
information
– Balance of privacy and accountability
• Networked embedded systems
– Networked robotics, power grid, and smart spaces
• Location aware services: human and object
• Identity management: human and object
• And many more …
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Digital Living 2010Tomorrow’s users will be surrounded by pervasive devices, embedded sensors and systems… all connected to the Internet.
User
Home Computer
PDA
Telephone
Entertainment Systems
Car
Surveillance and Security(at home, work, or in public)
Building Automation
Banking and
Commerce
Photography
Home Appliances
Games
Inventory/Salestracking
Health/Medical
CommunicationsUser
User
UserThanks to David Kotz at Dartmouth
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Network Centric Critical Infrastructures
Transportation
TelecommunicationsBanking & Finance
Essential Utilities
Internet Architectureis NOT robust enough
to support these
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Future Internet?
New Paradigms?
Network and Protocol Architectures?
Distributed Systems and Services?
Internet Arch Limitations
ErosionEnabling
TechnologiesNetwork
Capabilities
Need a clean-slate approach
Applications &User Requirements
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GENI: Research ProgramsBroad but goal oriented programs: New internet architectures and
distributed system capabilities
NeTS FIND: Future Internet Design
CyberTrust Clean-slate secured network arch
CSR New distributed system capabilities
CCF SING
CRI Network infrastructure for arch research
MRI Network instruments for arch research
IIS Program ??
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Fundamental Change in Mindset Needed
• Don’t ask how a new technology/application fits within the existing Internet architecture
• Think how a new technology/network/application can shape the Future Internet in realizing its potential?
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Outline
• GENI research rationale
• GENI facility rationale and design
• Opportunities for participation
• Example architecture themes and systems
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Conception-to-DeploymentCase for GENI Facility
Time
Mat
urity
FoundationsResearch
ResearchPrototypes
Small ScaleTestbeds
Funded by CISE Programs
SharedDeployed
InfrastructureNeed for Large experimental facility/infrastructure
This chasm represents a majorbarrier to impact real world
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Facility GoalsEnable exploration of new network architectures, mechanisms, and distributed system capabilities
A shared facility that allows • Concurrent exploration of a broad range of experimental networks and distributed services
• Interconnection among experimental networks & the commodity Internet
• Users and applications able to “opt-in”
• Observation, measurement, and recording of outcomes
Help develop stronger scientific base
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Facility Design: Key Concepts
Slicing, Virtualization, Programmability
Mobile Wireless Network
Edge Site
Sensor Network
Federated Facilities
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Facility Architecture: How do Parts Fit Together?
CM
Node substrate
CM
Node substrate
Components
CM
Node substrate
Resource Controller Auditing Archive
Slice Manager
RDS CSPS LSMS
Infrastructure services
. . . and others . . .
Core
nodecontrol
sensordata
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Scope of Research & ExperimentsApplications ApplicationsApplications Applications
GENI Facility Substrate: Sharable Physical Infrastructure
Backbones
Edge Networks Edge NetworksNumerous Wired, Mobile Wireless, and Sensor Networks
Combination of All optical transport andPacket service networks
Campus/Access Backbone
Campus/AccessBackbone
E2E Architectures and Components
Arc
h A
Arc
h B
Arc
h C
Arch CompY
Arch CompX
Arch CompZ
Ser
vice
A
Ser
vice
B
Ser
vice
C
Dist Sys YDist Sys X Dist Sys Z
Distributed Systems and Services
Ser
vice
-ori
ente
d A
rch
A
Ser
vice
-ori
ente
d A
rch
B
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GENI Status
• Research programs
– Several launched and others getting formulated
• Facility
– Facility definition proceeding as per MREFC process
– The big funding expected in FY10
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GENI Status: Another Look
• Stage is set to focus on “reinventing the Internet”
– Change of mindset
– Priority setting and resource commitment
– High level research direction and facility definition
• Fun begins: exciting opportunities/challenges
– Identify specific research directions
– Explore innovative ideas and rewarding research
– Develop technologies and systems
Help change the world -- one more time
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Outline
• GENI research rationale
• GENI facility rationale and design
• Opportunities for participation
• Example architecture themes and systems
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Opportunities for Participation• Submit targeted proposals to programs
– FIND, Cyber Trust, CSR, …
• Participate in GENI definition– Town hall meetings– Discussion lists– Working groups and planning group
• Plan to build and use components of GENI– CRI and MRI programs– Work with GENI Project Office
• Plan to use GENI– Propose and prototype exciting new architectures
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Stanford’s Opportunity to Lead
• Shared vision: clean slate program
• Depth and breadth of expertise
• Availability of resources
– University, industry, state, federal agencies
• Reinventing Internet is “Stanford-hard” challenge
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Outline
• GENI research rationale
• GENI facility rationale and design
• Opportunities for participation
• Example architecture themes and systems
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Architectural Themes
• Innovation oriented architecture (IOA)
• Service oriented architecture
• Technology driven cross layer architecture
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IOA Theme Rationale
• Two extremes have dominated telecom so far
– Phone network: smart network, dumb endpoints
– Internet: dumb network and smart endpoints
• Reinvented Internet: can we have best of both?
– Allow network providers to provide value added services
– Empower end users to innovate
– Allow user-centric innovations to migrate to networks
“Democratization of Innovations” by Eric von Hippel
Manufactured-centered and user-centric innovations
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Empowers Network Providers & Users
• Supports virtual network, provides protection and isolation
• Empowers end users to create virtual networks of their spec
Mobile Wireless Network
Edge Site
Sensor Network
Federated Facilities
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IOA Theme Challenges
• Overall architecture and protocols
– Lot of hard problems to address
• Security
– Off by default, flow/capability, virtual networks
– New challenges with user’s virtual networks
• Applicability to cellular infrastructure
• Economic viability and new policy requirements
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Service Oriented Architecture Theme
• Current services emphasis assumes Internet cannot be changed.
• What if we can do services and Internet together in a clean slate way?
• Internet does more than packet delivery – Information dissemination– Integration of sensor networks
• Data aggregation, data-oriented connectivity and search
– Virtualization• service customization, resource allocation & isolation
– And more?
• Lot of interesting problems and opportunities
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Technology Driven Architecture Theme
• Technologies offer new capabilities: how to exploit them?
– Optical networks: dynamic circuits and topologies
– Cognitive radios: flexible use of spectrum, dynamic topologies
– Location awareness
• Technologies have peculiarities: how to expose them?
– Wireless: error rate, fading, …
– Sensor networks: energy efficiency tradeoffs
• Cross layer ideas show lot of potential
• Challenge and opportunity: how to create a workable
architecture around cross layer ideas?
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Future Internet Node: Wired• Supports
– Switching and routing– Programmability and virtualization– Multiple protocol stacks & user’s virtual networks
• Provides – High capacity– Smaller foot print– Lower power
• Exploits technologies – VLSI: ASIC, FPGA, multi-core, smart memories– Optical transmission within and outside the system– Opto-electronic switching and routing
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Future Internet Node: Wireless• Supports
– Broad spectrum and multiple bands• Cellular, fixed wireless, unlicensed bands, …
– Programmable radio interfaces and cross-layer design– Modularity & programmability for virtual networks (new services)
• Provides – High capacity– Smaller foot print– Lower power
• Exploits technologies– Cross-layer optimization– MIMO– Software defined radios and cognitive radios– VLSI: ASIC, FPGA, multi-core, …– Commodity hardware: server blades
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A Century of Innovations• Infrastructure innovations have transformative
impact on the society– Electrification– Water supply and distribution– Highways– Radio and television– Telephone– Internet
• Every established infrastructure has undergone major overhaul a few times– Internet cannot and will not be an exception
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Summary• Internet impacted the world in a way few inventions have
– Federal agencies & research community played a critical role
• Urgent and important need to reinvent the Internet– We have an opportunity and obligation to lead
• GENI a compelling initiative in support of this mission
The result may be even greater and far-reaching than the invention of current Internet
Stanford has an opportunity to lead
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Acknowledgments • The GENI Planning Group
– Peterson, Anderson, Blumenthal, Casey, Clark, Estrin, Evans, McKeown, Raychaudhuri, Reiter, Rexford, Shenker, Turner, Wroclawski,
• The GENI Working Groups– Research Coordination– Facility Architecture– Backbone– Mobile wireless sensor networks– Distributed services
• Planning grant workshops participants • CISE GENI Team• And others
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More Information
•www.nsf.gov/cise/geni
• www.geni.net