geographic plate l3

8/17/2019 Geographic Plate l3

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Mountains in Europe


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1) Alaska range

2) Southern Alps

3) Dinaric Alps

4) Atlas mountains

5) Pyrenees

6) aucasus

!) Apennines") #aurus

$) El%ur& an' (agros

$) in'ukush

1*) +irthar range

11) +unlun Shan12) ,rals mountains

13) Appalachian

mountains14) -reat Di.i'ing/ange

0ist o mountains to locate


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• un'erstan'ing o the origin an'e.olution o earths crust

• At the time o the ormation o theearth crust rst %asaltic crust o ocean %reaking an' melting a lightercontinental crust 'e.elope'

• colli'e 7ith one another 8 a largerlan' mass

• #he 9oints 8 ol'mountains

:mportance o mountain %uil'ing

process


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,rals Mountains


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#ypes o mountains


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;lock mountains ormation


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•


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Phases o Di.ergent continentalcrust


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Arican rit .alley > %lock mountains


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EuropeIndia

E?ample o %lock mountains


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Fold mountains

• #rue mountains

• ompressi.e orce ol'ing

• Due to collision oplates @ )

• lookslike mountains

Block mountains

comparison


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0an'orms on earth


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Meaning


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• /aise' lan' 'uring mountains%uil'ing process

• Deposition rom la.a

• Deposition rom 7in'

• Ero'e' 'ue to glaciers


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Intermontane plateau

• ;oli.ia plateau

• #i%etan plateau

• olum%ia plateau

• olora'o plateau

• Anatolia Plateau@#urkey)

• Deccan plateau

• +atanga plateau• &ark plateau@,SA)

• Ethiopianhighlan'

Continental plateau

#ypes o plateau


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Glacial

plateau

• -rah7al

plateau

• 0aurentian

plateau@ana'a)

• olum%ia

snakeplateau

@,SA)• Deccan

Plateau• Shanplateau

Lava

plateau

#ypes o Plateau


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Bolivia plateauColumbia- colorado


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Ozark plateauAnatolia plateau


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Loess plateauLaurentian plateau


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• rigin o /i.erongo an'(am%e&i

•

Dense euatorialorest

• +no7n orresources

-ol' 'iamon'sopper

+atanga Plateau


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• Euatorial region

• Dense rainorest

• +no7n or gol'reser.e

Plateau o Mato -rasso ;ra&il


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• Plateau crosse' %ySal7een ri.er

• :rra7a''y ri.erpasse' in eastern

si'e• Shan plateau chie

source o lea' &incan' sil.er

Myanmar• +no7n or teak

orest

@;urmese #eak)

Shan plateau Myanmar


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F/oo o the7orl'G > highest

an' largestplateau

• Source o:n'us

;rahmaputraSal7eenMekong

Hangtse7ang e

• :mp role in:n'ian

monsoon

#i%etan plateau


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• -ranite

• 0ess mo%ilecannot

mo.eup7ar'

• ;ack%one ool'

mountains

;atholith


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0an'orms on earth


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Plains

• Meaning

• allu.ial plains ori.ers

• Depositional plains

/i.ers

Sea @su%merge'coast)

• Erosional plains Erosion o plateau


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Asia Eur

ope

Afri

ca

Sout

America

!ort

America

:n'us Danu

%e

Bile Ama&

on

Mississippi >

Missouri-anga >;rahmaputra

/hine ongo

ParanaParag

uay

olora'o

Hangt&e@hina)

/hone

Biger St 0a7rence

7ang e

@hina)

Po (am

%e&i

Hukon

:mportant ri.er %asins o the 7orl'


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Hangt&e ri.er hina


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• Hangt&e > 3th longest ri.er in the 7orl'

• Ba.iga%le ri.er > 35I o hinas population

• Sichuan %asin > rice culti.ation

•

Shanghai > %iggest port o hina• Juhan > :ron an' steel

• Ban9ing > te?tile iron an' steel

• heng'u > oil an' gas

• #hree gorge 'am

• Hun ho canal > connect Hangt&e 7ith 7ange

:mportant locations


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Euphrates #igris ri.er :ra


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• 0ake Kan

• 0ake ,rmia

•

:mportant centers in :ra• ;agh'a' Mosul +irkuk Al ;asra

0ocations near Euphrates#igris


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Ama&on ri.er ;ra&il


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• 0argest 2n' longest ri.er

• Sel.as > euatorial rain orest

•

#in ru%%er in Sel.as• Sertao > ranching region

• Petroleum reser.e at the mouth

•

Manaus > :ron ore na.iga%le• plateau o Mato -rasso > gol'

reser.e

0ocations near Ama&on ri.er


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Mississippi ,SA


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• #emperate grasslan's > Prairies

• Jheat corn an' cotton culti.ation

• :mportant cites

• +ansas > agriculture

• St Pitts%urg > iron an' steel

•

Be7 rleans > port ship %uil'ing

0ocations near Mississippi %asin


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MurrayDarling %asin Australia


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• #emperate grasslan' > 'o7ns

• Jheat culti.ation

• Sheep rearing Animal hus%an'ry

• Jool an' 'airy pro'uction

0ocation near Murray'arling %asin


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0an'orms on earth

Mountains @ol' an'%lock)

Plateaus

Plains


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Batural atastrophic

e.ents


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.olcanism

-eomor


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complete seuence oprocesses o creation

an' mo.ement omagma L creation o

.olcanic lan'ormsKolcanism is notran'om

/eason associate'7ith .olcanism is also

not ran'om

Kolcanism

-eomorpho


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•

1st

• Pacic /ing o


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O-O " #olcanic arc

O-C "#olcanic

mountains

Plate mo.ements


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2n'

• 'i.ergence

• ;asaltic >peaceuleruption

Mi' ceanic /i'ge


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3th

• ;reaking up oMe'iterraneanplates intomultiple %locks

• An'esiticeruption

•


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•

Me'iterranean seais resi'ual part o #ethys sea

• #ethys sea 7as

locate' %et7een >0aurasia an'-on'7ana

• ollision o Arica to

0aurasia > %reakingup o plates oMe'iterranean sea

istory o Me'iterranean sea


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• 4th

• Magma :slan' arc

• Direction oplate

• a7aii /eunion+urile Aleutian

ot Spot Kolcanoes


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Aleutian :slan's


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Basaltic eruption

• ccur at mi'oceanicri'ge an' hot spot.olcanism

• ;asalt highly ui' >mo%ile

• Sprea' across easily

• Nuite eruption

• Kolcanic arcs .olcanicmountains

• An'esite > less ui' >less mo%ile

• Soli'ies at short'istance intense

pressure 'e.elopinsi'e >e?plosi.e

Andesitic eruption

comparison


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Basaltic eruption Andesitic eruption

comparison


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Kolcanic 0an'orms


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:ntrusi.e 0an'orms


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:ntrusi.e 0an'orms

•:ntrusion o Magma in se'imentary rocks

•Sills @ori&ontal)

•Dyke @Kertical)

•0accolith > magma 7hich coul' not come out

•0opolith > saucershape'

•Phacolith > shape like 7a.es•;atholith > intrusi.e granitic rock

:ntrusi.e Kolcanic 0an'orms


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E?trusi.e .olcanic 0an'orms


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•

ot spot .olcanoon continentalcrust

• racks on

continental crust >;asaltic eruption

• Sprea' across the

lan'• 0ayer o.er layer

• EO Deccan la.atrapps

0a.a plateaus


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• :n'ian plate passe'o.er a hot spotnear /eunion

:slan'• ;asaltic eruption

• 0ayer o.er layers >looks like steps 8=

Deccan la.a traps• Soil > %lack soil

regur

:n'ian Deccan trap


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Spatial 'istri%ution o 0a.a Plateau


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• olum%iasnakeplateau ,SA

• &ark plateau ,SA

•

ParanaPatagonia SAmerica

• A'ama7a plateauArica

• ;ie plateau Arica• +atanga Plateau

Arica

Deccan plateau :n'ia

• Ara%ian plateau

• ;alkan plateauEurope

• Si%erian plateau/ussia

• Hunan Plateau hina

• Shan plateauMyanmar

• +im%erly plateauAustralia

0ist o la.a plateaus o the 7orl'


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E?trusi.e .olcanic 0an'orms


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• Kolcanic :slan's@ot spot)

• ighly ui' la.a

@%asaltic) %uil''ome

• -entle slope

•Nuite .olcano

• Kolcanoes oa7aii

Shiel' Q Dome .olcano


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• collision >

.olcanicmountains

• 0ess ui' la.a@An'esitic)e?plo'e .iolently

• Kiscous la.asoli'ies at short

'istance

• Mt Paricutin Me?ico

in'er cones


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Kolcanic

mountainsEach ne7eruption > ne7layers o ash orla.a

Mt Strom%oli Mt

Kesu.ius Mt


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Sield$

dome

Cinder Composit

eighlyui'

0ess ui' Qhighly

.iscous


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• -eysers

8ountains oot 7ater

• -roun' 7aterheate' %y

shallo7source omagma

• l' aithulgeyser Hello7stone park,SA

-eysers


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• ot Spring

• Jater reach'eep enough >heate' %yinterior

• 0ocate any parto the 7orl'

ot Spring

- -Q h t 'DiCerence %et7een geyser an'


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• -eyser > -Q7 heate'%y shallo7 magmasource

• ot spring > gQ7heate' %y eithermagma source or

heate' rocks• -eyser > cham%er in

interior > pressure >comes out like

ountain

• ot >spring uite

DiCerence %et7een geyser an'

otspring


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%e&ser

• -eysers are rare

•

ot 7ater 'issol.e'7ith silicaaccumulate' onsurace > gi.es'iCerent colours

• ,SA Hello7stonepark

•


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• eate' 7ateris taken out >use' ormo.ing

tur%ine >generation oelectricity

• oole' 7ater

o7n %ackinto interior

-eothermal energy


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• DiRcult to locate a goo' source ogeothermal reser.oir 7ith currenttechnology

• DiRcult to 'ig a 'eep 7ell 7ith har'an' hot %e'rock

• armul gases can escape rom the

earth interior 7hile e?ploration > --gases an' 'issol.e' to?ic elements

0imitations o geothermal energy


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.olcanism

Su''en mo.ement or

-eomor


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Su''en mo.ement or.i%ration in earths

crust

/elease o the energy'ue to intense pressureL acti.e internal

'ynamism o the earth

Earthuake

pho


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1) Shallo7 ocus

EN2) :nterme'iateocus EN

3) Deep ocusEN

Shallo7 ocus >

'estructi.e

#ypes o Earthuake


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At (unction of ) plates

Subduction of *aci+cplate

Earthuakes in apan


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1st

ollision oPlate%oun'aries

collision

collision

collision

/easons %ehin' EN


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2n'

Di.ergentPlate%oun'aries

'i.ergenceM/

/easons %ehin' EN


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• 3th• #rans.erse plate

%oun'aries

•


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4th

Me'iterraneansea region

Bumerous smallplates


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5th

raton 8 sta%le parto crust

/eemergence o ol'ractures

6th

uman :n'uce'

1) /:S

2) mining

3) Buclear testing

/easons %ehin' EN


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.olcanism


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i


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!ormal ,aves

Spee' > 1** kmph

o.er shorter 'istances

Ja.elength T1** km

•Spee' > !** kmph

• o.er longer 'istances

• Ja.elength > = 15*km

sunami ,aves

comparison

l th


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• Distance %et7eent7o crests otroughs 8

7a.elength

• Ja.es o #sunami

are 7i'er thannormal 7a.es othe ocean 7ater

7a.elength

Ph 1


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• EN on ocean crust >uplit the 7aterup7ar'

• #sunami 7a.e

generate'• Kessels in the mi'

sea cannotrecongnise the

tsunami 7a.es• Sea 7ater rece'e at

the shore

Phase 1

Ph 2


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• At coast > 'epth

'ecrease >7a.elength'ecreases > 7a.eheight increases

• A huge 7all o7ater > 1*12oor high create'

•

Enormous energyrelease' at theshore

Phase 2

Ph 3


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• it the coast

•

#sunami not asingle 7a.e %utmultiple 7a.es

• 4th an' "th 7a.es

are the most'angerous

• #ime lapse

%et7een each7a.es > 15 to 5*minutes

Phase 3

Ph t i


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Phases o tsunami

:n'ian prepare'ness against


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• #sunami Early 7arning system gi.es 7arning in1* minutes o su%marine earthuake

• :n'ian Bational centre or cean :normationSciences @:B:S)y'era%a'

• #o capture #sunami 7a.e amplitu'e on 24?!%asis

• real time seale.el sensors 7ith %ottom pressurerecor'ers

• < ra'ars or coastal currents• oastal ti'e gauge stations

:n'ian prepare'ness against

#sunami

atastrophic e.ents on


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pearth

#heir reasons an''istri%utions

KolcanismEN

#sunami

geographic plate l3

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