GEOSYNTHETICS IN GEOSYNTHETICS IN TEXTILES - a tool for civil TEXTILES - a tool for civil engineering applicationengineering application

ByShraddha K. AkarteMonu W. ChandpurkarGOVT. POLY., NAGPUR

WHAT ARE GEOSYNTHETICS ?WHAT ARE GEOSYNTHETICS ?

Geosynthetics are defined as civil engineering materials

that are synthesized for use with geological materials like soil, rock or any other geotechnical engineering related material to improve or modify the behavior of civil engineering works.

Families of GeosyntheticsFamilies of GeosyntheticsGeotextilesGeogridsGeomatricesGeomembraneGeosynthetic clay linerGeofoamsGeocellGeocomposites

GEO-TEXTILEGEO-TEXTILE Woven, non-woven or knitted, permeable sheets, usually, but not exclusively, non-biodegradable. Landscape fabrics used in the horticultural and soft-landscaping trades. Flexible, textile-like fabrics of controlled

permeability used to provide filtration, separation or reinforcement in soil, rock and waste materials

GEOGRIDSGEOGRIDS

Tough, non-woven synthetic sheets with large (100mm+) rectanglar holes.

Used for ground stabilisation. Also known as geo-nets. Stiff or flexible polymer grid-like sheets with large apertures used primarily

as reinforcement of unstable soil and waste masses

GEO-MATRICESGEO-MATRICES• Geo-matrices can be thought of as 3-dimensional geo-grids, in that they are cellular and used to stabilise surface soil, gravels etc. •More commonly used as a form of Grass Paving

GEO-MEMBRANEGEO-MEMBRANE Impermeable and usually non-woven, use as a vapour or damp barrier. used as barriers for liquid or solid waste

containment

GEOSYNTHETIC CLAY LINERSGEOSYNTHETIC CLAY LINERS

Prefabricated bentonite clay layers incorporated

between geotextiles and/or geomembranes used as a

barrier for liquid or solid waste containment

GCLs used as a composite component beneath a

geomembrane or by themselves in geo-

environmental and containment applications as well

as in transportation, geotechnical, hydraulic, and

many private development applications.

GEOFOAMSGEOFOAMS A product created by a polymeric expansion

process resulting in a “foam” consisting of

many closed, but gas-filled, cells

Three-dimensional honeycombed cellular Three-dimensional honeycombed cellular structures that form a soil confinement system structures that form a soil confinement system

when infilled with compacted soil.when infilled with compacted soil.

GEOCELLSGEOCELLS

GEO-COMPOSITESGEO-COMPOSITES A sheet that combines two A sheet that combines two or more layers of geo- or more layers of geo-synthetics. synthetics.

Materials Used for Materials Used for GEOSYNTHETICSGEOSYNTHETICSPolyesterPolypropylenePolyethylenePolyamideNylonPolyvinyl Chloride (plasticized or

non-plasticized)

APPLICATIONS OF APPLICATIONS OF GEOSYNTHETICSGEOSYNTHETICS1. Separation2. Reinforcement3. Filtration4. Drainage5. Moisture barrier (when

impregnated)

SeparationSeparation

REINFORCEMEREINFORCEMENTNT

DRAINAGEDRAINAGE

CONTAINMENTCONTAINMENT

Involves geomembranes, geosynthetic clay Involves geomembranes, geosynthetic clay liners, liners,

or some geocomposites which function as or some geocomposites which function as liquidliquid

or gas barriers.or gas barriers.

TYPES OF GEOTEXTILESTYPES OF GEOTEXTILES

WOVEN : An excellent tensile strength ,poor abrasion

resistance and dimensional stability. Low coefficient of permeability Poor surface frictional characteristics.

NON-WOVEN : ability to elongate locally to resist damage, Better permeability and frictional resistance tensile strength is lower than woven fabrics.

KNITTED : • rarely used as geotextiles.

WOVEN GEOTEXTILES NON-WOVEN GEOTEXTILES

MONOFILAMENTMULTIFILAMENTTAPE

• THERMO BONDED

• NEEDLE PUNCHED

• SPUN BONDED

TYPES OF GEOTEXTILESTYPES OF GEOTEXTILES

woven monofilament calendered woven monofilament

nonwoven needle-punched nonwoven heat-bonded

woven multifilament woven slit film

APPLICATION OF APPLICATION OF

GEOSYNTHETICGEOSYNTHETIC

Hydropower constructionEnvironmental engineeringRailway constructionRoad constructionAt seaports and airportsMine constructionIn urban construction

ADVANTAGES OF GEOSYNTHETICSADVANTAGES OF GEOSYNTHETICSThe manufactured quality control of

geosynthetics in a controlled factory environment over outdoor soil and rock construction.

The thinness of geosynthetics versus their natural soil counterpart as light weight on the subgrade, less airspace used, and avoidance of quarried sand, gravel, and clay soil materials.

The ease of geosynthetic installation in comparison to thick soil layers (sands, gravels, or clays) requiring large earthmoving equipment.

ADVANTAGES OF GEOSYNTHETICSADVANTAGES OF GEOSYNTHETICS

Well advanced published standards in standards-setting organizations like ISO, ASTM, and GSI.

Design methods are currently available in that many universities are teaching stand-alone courses in geosynthetics or have integrated geosynthetics in traditional geotechnical, geoenvironmental, and hydraulic engineering courses.

PRESENT INVENTION PRESENT INVENTION TO GEOSYNTHETICSTO GEOSYNTHETICS

Rolled erosion control products have been classified generally (and frequently imprecisely) into several categories;

Erosion control nets Open weave erosion control geotextiles

Erosion control blankets Geosynthetic mats

Recently, the Erosion Control Recently, the Erosion Control Technology Council, which is an organization Technology Council, which is an organization formed by rolled erosion control products formed by rolled erosion control products providers, initiated more formal providers, initiated more formal classification for these sorts of products. The classification for these sorts of products. The categories include categories include -low velocity degradable rolled erosion -low velocity degradable rolled erosion control products ("LVDRECP's"), control products ("LVDRECP's"),

- high velocity degradable RECP's - high velocity degradable RECP's ("HVDRECP's"), ("HVDRECP's"),

-long term nondegradable RECP's -long term nondegradable RECP's ("LTNDRECP's"). ("LTNDRECP's").

OBJECTS OF PRESENT OBJECTS OF PRESENT INVENTIONINVENTION•to provide low cost geosynthetic structures which may be used for erosion control, turf reinforcement, earth reinforcement and a broad variety of other applications.

•to provide geosynthetic structures which may be economically manufactured such as on conventional carpet tufting machinery, and whose properties in all three dimensions may be varied by changing, among other things,

•to provide erosion control, turf reinforcement and earth reinforcement structures which employ and capitalize on the favorable properties of geosynthetic

WORLD MARKET FOR WORLD MARKET FOR GEOSYNTHETICSGEOSYNTHETICSWorld Geosynthetics to 2013 –Global demand for geosynthetics is

projected to increase 5.3 percent annually through 2013.

China will account for the largest share of new global demand as it continues to develop large-scale infrastructure and erosion control projects.

North America will remain the second largest regional market. Geogrids will achieve the fastest gains.

CONCLUSIONCONCLUSIONIt is expected that the use of

geosynthetics will become increasingly routine, and that geosynthetics will be the standard material of choice for several applications.

Use of geosynthetics in pavement structures (to perform the functions of separation, filtration,drainage, and reinforcement) should increase significantly in the new millennium as the benefits of these materials are quantified.

In addition, the versatility and usage of geosynthetics will be enhanced with the development and adoption of in situ and rapid soil testing procedures.

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