GINGIVITISMEDICAL DEPARTMENT DENTAID

• Definition • Signs• Aetiology• Classification • Epidemiology • Diagnosis• Prevention strategies• Treatment• Conclusions

Definition

• Gingivitis is a form of gum disease characterised by reversible gingival inflammation without destruction of tooth-supporting tissues, periodontal ligament or bone

Signs • Redness

• Increased volume

• Change in texture

• Bleeding

Aetiology

• Bacterial: Formation of oral biofilm• Immuno-inflammatory response:

innate (nonspecific) and adaptive (specific)

• Genetic: family history• Habits: tobacco smoking, stress• Systemic diseases or conditions:

diabetes, pregnancy

Classification

•Plaque-induced gingival diseases

•Non-plaque-induced gingival diseases

Armitage G. Development of a classification system for periodontal diseases and condictions. Annals of Perio 1999

Epidemiology

• Around 50-60% population > 35 years

• Up to 80% of children and adolescents

Llodra JC. Oral Health Survey in Spain 2010. RCOE 2012. 17 (1): 13-41.

DiagnosisGINGIVITIS

Acute / Chronic Localised / generalised

Prevention Strategies• Mechanical biofilm removal:

• Manual or powered toothbrush: 2-3 times per day for at least 2 minutes

• Interdental hygiene: dental tape or floss and interproximal brushes

• Oral irrigators

• Professional cleaning: removal of calculus

Prevention Strategies• Chemical removal and/or alteration of biofilm:

• Toothpastes:• Cetylpyridinium chloride• Fluoride

• Mouthwashes:• Chlorhexidine• Cetylpyridinium chloride

Treatment• OH instruction and motivation:

plaque control• Eliminating poor habits: stop

smoking• Professional removal of biofilm:

using ultrasound, curettes, polishing

• Improving local and systemic conditions

Conclusions• Reversible inflammation

• Very common

• Mechanical and chemical prevention and treatment

• Role of oral healthcare professional is key