2000

1000

092 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14

Coun

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Year

Salmonella Paratyphi Salmonella Typhi

g]kfndf 6fOkmfO8

India

China

NepalPakistan

Bangladesh

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k|sf]ksf] ?kdf klg b]lvPsf 5g\ .

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• ljZj el/sf] tYofª\s cg';f/ ;g\ !((@ b]lv, ax' cf}ifwL k|lt/f]wfTds (MDR) 6fOkmfO8sf] k|hflt, H58, sf] k|sf]k pNn]vlgo

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cf}iflwx? lglb{i6 (prescribe) ul/Psf] kfOPsf] 5 . o;sf] sf/0fn] ubf{ PlG6afof]l6s k|lt/f]wsf ;d:ofx? b]vfk/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .

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kfgL ljt/0f lhDd]jf/ /x]sf] kfOPsf] lyof] . ;f] cWoogsf ljZn]if0f cg';f/ ()Ü isolates x? Ps eGbf al9 PlG6afof]l6s

k|lt/f]wL ePsf] kfOPsf] lyof] .

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nflu ;]km\l6«cfShf]g -Ceftriaxone_ klg TolQ cg's"n g/x]sf] 7x/ u/]sf] lyof] .

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1. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. Global Burden of Disease. 2018. Accessed via: ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool. 2. Andrew JR, Vaidya K, Bern C, et al. High rates of enteric fever diagnosis and lower burden of culture-confirmed disease in peri-urban and rural Nepal. The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2017;jix221:S1-S8.3. Karkey A, Arjyal A, Anders KL, et al. The burden and characteristics of enteric fever at a healthcare facility in a densely populated area of Kathmandu. PLoS One. 2010;5(11):E13988. 4. Results are from SEAP preliminary data as of September 15, 2018.5. Wong VK, Baker S, Pickard DJ, et al. Phylogeographical analysis of the dominant multidrug-resistant H58 clade of Salmonella Typhi identifies inter- and intracontinental transmission events. Nature Genetics. 2015;47(6):632-639. 6. Kaljee LM, Pach A, Garrett D, et al. Social and economic burden associated with typhoid fever in Kathmandu and surrounding areas: A qualitative study. The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2017;jix122:S1-S7.7. Lewis MD, Serichantalergs O, Pitarangsi C, et al. Typhoid Fever: A massive, single-point source, multidrug-resistant outbreak in Nepal. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2005;40:554-561.8. Arjyal A, Basnyat B, Nhan HT, et al. Gatifloxacin versus ceftriaxone for uncomplicated enteric fever in Nepal: an open-label, two-centre, randomised controlled trial. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2016;16(5):535-545.9. Bilcke J, et al. Cost-effectiveness of typhoid conjugate vaccine delivery strategies in Gavi-eligible countries: a modelling study. Submitted.

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Sofr-ck vf]k cleofg dfkm{t 6fOkmfO8 sGh'u]6 vf]ksf] k|of]u u/]df GAVI sf] cg'bfg lagf klg g]kfndf 6fOkmfO8 lj?4 nfut

k|efjsf/L x'g] b]lvPsf] 5 .

• 6fOkmfO8 vf]k cWoog -TyVAC_ n] g]kfndf 6fOkmfO8 lj?4 vf]ksf] nfut k|efjsfl/tf kQf nufpg klg ub}{5 .

• sf7df8f}+df ul/Psf] Ps cWoogsf] cg';f/ 6fOkmfO8sf] sf/0fn] c:ktfndf egf{ ePsf] Ps lj/fdLsf] pkrf/sf nflu k|ToIf tyf ck|ToIf

u/]/ x'g] vr{ cd]l/sL 8n/ @## x'g] ub{5 . of] /sd eg]sf] Pp6f g]kfnL kl/jf/sf] cf};t jflif{s sdfO{sf] nueu Ps ltxfO{ vr{ xf]

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• g]kfndf ul/g] vf]k cleofgsf nflu GAVI n] vf]k tyf ;'O{sf] cfk"lt{sf nflu rflxg] ;Dk"0f{ vr{ Joxf]g]{ 5 / ;fy}, sfo{s|d kl/rfngsf]

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• lgoldt vf]k tflnsfdf TCV nfO{ ;dfj]z u/fpgsf lglDt, GAVI n] k|f/lDes cg'bfg (introduction grant) k|bfg ug]{5 ;fy} vf]ksf]

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;fy} ;'O{sf] cfk"lt{sf nflu / ;'O{ nufpg] lgoldt vr{sf lglDt ;x-nufgLstf{ (co-finance) ;/x lhDd]jf/ x'g'kg]{5 .

• vf]k sfo{s|dsf] cg'dflgt cfly{s ljj/0f cg'/f]w u/]df k|bfg ul/g] 5 .

TyVAC Typhoid Vaccine Acceleration Consortium

CENTER FOR VACCINE DEVELOPMENT • OXFORD VACCINE GROUP • PATH

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• lgoldt vf]k tflnsfdf ;dfj]z x'g ;Sg] ;Defjgf ePsf] .

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o; vf]knfO{ klg ;dfj]z ug{ k|f]T;fxg u/]sf] 5

• !% jif{sf] pd]/ ;Ddsf afnaflnsfsf] nflu Sofrck vf]k cleofg

rnfpg k|f]T;fxg u/]sf] 5 .

• 6fOkmfO8sf] dfxfdf/L km}lnPsf] k'li6 ePdf ;f] vf]k nufpgnfO{

k|fyldstf lbPsf] 5 .

l6=l;=le vf]ksf] a[xt k|of]un]]:

• PlG6afof]l6ssf]] k|of]udf sld cfpg]5 .

• PlG6afof]l6s k|lt/f]wfTds (drug resistance) ;d:ofnfO{

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• 6fOkmfO8 /f]usf] af]em 36\g]5 .

• afnaflnsfsf] lhjg arfpF5 .