glossary introductionbbresources.s3.amazonaws.com/sites/3/buildup1_wb_appendgal_12217.pdfschoolwork...
TRANSCRIPT
�Build up 1 Galician © B Burlington Books
pencil case /'UCmgo YMg/ estoxopink /UBnY/ rosa (cor)purple /'UKUo/ morado/ared /pCX/ vermello/arubber /'pJVL/ goma (de borrar)ruler /'pIoL/ regraSaturday /'gDWLXM/ sábadoschoolbag /'gYIoVDZ/ mochilasecond /'gCYLmX/ segundo/aSeptember /gCU'WClVL/ setembroseven /'gCdm/ seteseventeen /gCdm'WAm/ dezaseteseventh /'gCdme/ sétimo/aseventy /'gCdmWi/ setentasix /gBYg/ seissixteen /gBYg'WAm/ dezaseissixth /gBYge/ sexto/asixty /'gBYgWi/ sesentaSunday /'gJmXM/ domingoten /WCm/ deztenth /WCme/ décimo/athird /eKX/ terceiro/athirteen /eK'WAm/ trecethirty /'eKWi/ trintathree /epA/ tresThursday /'eKhXM/ xoves, quinta feiraTuesday /'WqIhXM/ martes, terceira feiratwelve /WrCod/ docetwenty /'WrCmWi/ vintetwo /WI/ dous, dúasWednesday /'rCmhXM/ mércores, cuarta feirawhite /rOW/ branco/ayellow /'qCoN/ amarelo/a
Unit �Algeria /Do'bBLpiL/ AlxeriaBelgium /'VCoXjLl/ Bélxicabrother /'VpJfL/ irmánCambodia /Yæl'VNXiL/ Camboxacapital city /'YæUBWo gBWi/ capital (dun país)children /'WiBoXpLm/ nenos; fillosChina /'WiOmL/ ChinaChinese /WiO'mAh/ chinés/adaughter /'XGWL/ fillaEcuador /'CYrLXG/ Ecuado
introdUction
April /'CBUpLo/ abrilAugust /'GZLgW/ agostobirthday /'VKeXM/ aniversarioblack /VoDY/ negro/ablue /VoI/ azulbook /VHY/ librobrown /VpPm/ marrónDecember /XB'gClVL/ decembroeight /CBW/ oitoeighteen /CB'WAm/ dezaoitoeighth /CBWe/ oitavo/aeighty /'CBWi/ oitentaeleven /B'oCdm/ onceFebruary /'cCVpILpi/ febreirofifteen /cBc'WAm/ quincefifth /cBce/ quinto/afifty /'cBcWi/ cincuentafirst /'cKgW/ primeiro/afive /cOd/ cincoforty /'cGWi/ corentafour /cG/ catrofourteen /cG'WAm/ catorcefourth /cGe/ cuarto/aFriday /'cpOXM/ venres, sexta feiragreen /ZpAm/ verdegrey /ZpCB/ grisJanuary /'bDmqHLpi/ xaneiroJuly /bI'oO/ xulloJune /XjIm/ xuñoMarch /lEa/ marzoMay /lM/ maioMonday /'lJmXM/ luns, segunda feiranine /mOm/ novenineteen /mOm'WAm/ dezanoveninety /'mOmWi/ noventaninth /mOme/ noveno/anotebook /'mNWVHY/ cadernoNovember /mLH'dClVL/ novembroOctober /FY'WNVL/ outubroone /rJm/ unone hundred /rJm 'kJmXpLX/ cen, centoorange /'FpBmb/ laranxapen /UCm/ bolígrafopencil /'UCmgo/ lapis
GLoSSArY
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glossary
Build up 1 Galician © B Burlington Books
Ecuadorian /CYrL'XGpiLm/ ecuatorianoEngland /'BnZoLmX/ InglaterraEnglish /'BnZoBi/ inglés/aEthiopia /Aei'NUiL/ Etiopíafather /'cEfL/ paiflag /coæZ/ bandeiraFrance /cpEmg/ FranciaFrench /cpCma/ francés/aGermany /'bKlLmi/ Alemañagrandfather /'ZpDmcEfL/ avógrandmother /'ZpDmlJfL/ avoagrandparents /'ZpDmUSpLmWg/ avósGreece /ZpAg/ GreciaHolland /'kFoLmX/ HolandaHungary /'kJmZpi/ HungríaIreland /'OLoLmX/ IrlandaItaly /'BWLoi/ ItaliaMoroccan /lL'pFYLm/ marroquíMorocco /lL'pFYLH/ MarrocosMoscow /'lFgYN/ Moscovamother /'lJfL/ naiNorway /'mGrCB/ Noruegaparents /'UCLpLmWg/ paisPoland /'UNoLmX/ PoloniaRomania /pH'lMmiL/ RomaníaRomanian /pH'lMmiLm/ romanés/aroyal family /'pQLo cDlLoi/ familia realRussia /'pJiL/ RusiaRussian /'pJim/ ruso/aScotland /'gYFWoLmX/ Escociasister /'gBgWL/ irmáson /gJm/ filloSpain /gUCBm/ EspañaSpanish /'gUDmBi/ Español/aSweden /'grAXm/ Suecia Switzerland /'grBWgoLmX/ Suíza Wales /rMoh/ (país de) Galeswhiteboard /'rOWVGX/ encerado dixital
Unit �ancient /'MmiLmW/ antigo/aastrolabe /'DgWpLoMV/ astrolabio buy things /'VO eBnh/ mercar cousascandle /'YæmXo/ candea (de cera)century /'gCmaLpi/ séculochat with friends /'aDW rBf cpCmXh/ parolar con amigos/as
clean my room /'YoAm lO pIl/ limpar o meu cuarto
clock /YoFY/ reloxodo homework /XI 'kNlrKY/ facer os deberesearly /'Koi/ axiñaeasy /'Ahi/ doado, fácileverybody /'CdpiVFXi/ todos/asfun /cJm/ divertido/aget dressed /ZCW 'XpCgX/ vestirseget up /ZCW 'JU/ erguerse (da cama)go home /ZN 'kNl/ ir á casago shopping /ZN 'iFUBn/ ir de comprasgo swimming /ZN 'grBlBn/ ir nadargo to bed /ZN WL 'VCX/ ir á cama, deitarsego to school / ZN WL 'gYIo/ ir ao colexiogreat /ZpCBW/ xenialguess /ZCg/ adiviñarhave a shower /kDd L 'iPL/ darse unha duchahave breakfast /kDd 'VpCYcLgW/ almorzarhave dinner /kDd 'XBmL/ cearhave lunch /kDd 'oJmWi/ xantar, comerholiday /'kFoLXM/ vacaciónshourglass /'PLZoEg/ reloxo de areaJapan /bL'UDm/ XapónJapanese /XjDULm'Ah/ xaponés/ajoin /bQm/ unir(se)late /oCBW/ tardelisten to music /oBgm WL 'lqIhBY/ escoitar músicameasure /'lCjL/ medir, calcularmeet friends /lAW 'cpCmXh/ quedar con amigos/asmobile phone /lNVOo 'cNm/ teléfono móbilplay football /UoM 'cHWVGo/ xogar ao fútbolplay games /UoM 'ZMlh/ xogar a xogosplay the guitar /UoM fL ZB'WE/ tocar a guitarraread a book /pAX L 'VHY/ ler un libroride a bike /pOX L 'VOY/ montar en bicicletaschoolwork /'gYIorKY/ traballo escolar/de clasesend text messages /gCmX 'WCsW lCgBbBh/ mandar mensaxes de texto
shadow /'iDXLH/ sombrashoe /iI/ zapatostar /gWE/ estrelastudy /'gWJXi/ estudarsundial /'gJmXOLo/ reloxo de solteenager /'WAmMbL/ adolescentewatch /rFa/ reloxo (de pulso)watch TV /rFa WA'dA/ ver a televisiónwork /rKY/ funcionar
�
glossary
Build up 1 Galician © B Burlington Books
Unit 4all over the world /Go NdL fL 'rKoX/ arredor do mundo
bathroom /'VEepIl/ cuarto de bañobed /VCX/ cama, leitobedroom /'VCXpIl/ dormitorioblock /VoFY/ bloquecarpet /'YEUBW/ alfombrachair /aS/ cadeiracharacter /'YæpLYWL/ personaxecompany /'YJlULmi/ compañía, empresacook dinner /YHY 'XBmL/ facer a ceacupboard /'YJVLX/ armariodesk /XCgY/ escritorio, pupitredining room /'XOmBn pIl/ comedordo the laundry /XI fL 'oGmXpi/ facer a coladaelectricity /BoCY'WpBgLWi/ electricidadefeed the dog /cAX fL 'XFZ/ dar de comer ao cangarage /'ZDpEj/ garaxegarden /'ZEXm/ xardínkitchen /'YBWiBm/ cociñalamp /oDlU/ lámpadaliving room /'oBdBn pIl/ sala de estar, salónlook for /'oHY cG/ procurar, buscarmake the bed /lMY fL 'VCX/ facer a camaPope /UNU/ Papa (da igrexa)portable /'UGWLVo/ portátilPresident /'UpChBXLmW/ Presidente/aPrime Minister /UpOl 'lBmBgWL/ Primeiro/a Ministro/a (Presidente do Goberno)
reading corner /'pAXBn YGmL/ recanto da lecturareally /'pBLoi/ realmente, verdadeiramentesheep /iAU/ ovella(s)shelves /iCodh/ andeissofa /'gLHcL/ sofástart /gWEW/ comezo, principiostrange /gWpMmb/ estraño/astreet /gWpAW/ rúastreetlamp /'gWpAWoDlU/ farolasuddenly /'gJXLmoi/ de súpeto, de repentesweep the floor /grAU fL 'coG/ varrer o chantable /'WMVo/ mesatake out the rubbish /WMY PW fL 'pJVBi/ sacar o lixotiny /'WOmi/ diminuto/a, minúsculo/atogether /WL'ZCfL/ xuntos/astunnel /'WJmo/ túnelunder the ground /JmXL fL 'ZpPmX/ debaixo da terra
unusual /Jm'qIjHLo/ inusual
Unit �amphibian /Dl'cBViLm/ anfibioarm /El/ brazoat the top /DW fL 'WFU/ no cume/cumiobird /VKX/ paxaro, avebutterfly /'VJWLcoO/ bolboretacanary /YL'mSpi/ canariocarnivore /'YEmBdG/ carnívoro/aconsumer /YLm'gqIlL/ consumidor/aeagle /'AZo/ aguiaear /R/ orella, oído, ouvidoelephant /'CoBcLmW/ elefante/aeye /O/ ollofoot /cHW/ pé, patafrog /cpFZ/ ragiraffe /bL'pEc/ xirafagorilla /ZL'pBoL/ gorilahair /kCL/ pelo, cabelohamster /'kDlgWL/ hámsterhand /kæmX/ manhead /kCX/ cabezaherbivore /'kKVBdG/ herbívoro/ahorse /kGg/ cabaloinsect /'BmgCYW/ insectoleg /oCZ/ perna, pata, anca (de ra)lion /'oOLm/ leónlook like /'oHY oOY/ semellar(se)meat /lAW/ carnemountain /'lPmWLm/ montañamouth /lPe/ bocanose /mNh/ narizown /Nm/ propio/apanda /'UDmXL/ oso pandapet /UCW/ animal de compañía, mascotaproducer /UpL'XqIgL/ produtorreptile /'pCUWOo/ réptilshark /iEY/ tabeirón, quenllasize /gOh/ tamañosnake /gmMY/ serpeteeth /WAe/ dentestiger /'WOZL/ tigreweight /rMW/ pesowhale /rMo/ baleazebra /'hCVpL/ cebra
4
glossary
Build up 1 Galician © B Burlington Books
wash the dishes /rFi fL 'XBiBh/ fregar os pratoswater /'rGWL/ augawater the plants /rGWL fL 'UoEmWg/ regar as plantas
Unit 5angry /'DnZpi/ enfadado/abad /VDX/ malo/a, mao/mábean /VAm/ feixón, xudíaBelgian /'VCoXjLm/ belgabored /VGX/ aborrecido/abread /VpCX/ panBulgarian /VJo'ZSpiLm/ búlgaro/acake /YMY/ torta, pastelcheese /aAh/ queixochicken /'aBYBm/ polochips /aBUg/ patacas fritidaschocolate /'aFYoLW/ chocolatecola /'YNoL/ refresco de colacup /YJU/ taza diet /'XOLW/ dietaegg /CZ/ ovoexcited /BY'gOWBX/ afervoado/a, entusiasmado/afat /cæW/ graxafish /cBi/ peixefrightened /'cpOWmX/ asustado/a, amedoñado/afruit /cpIW/ froitagrain /ZpMm/ cerealgram /ZpDl/ gramohappy /'kæUi/ feliz, contento/a, ledo/ahave a look /kDd L 'oHY/ botar unha olladahealthy /'kCoei/ san/a, saudábelhungry /'kJnZpi/ famento/a, esfameado/aice cream /Og 'YpAl/ xeadomayonnaise /lML'mMh/ maionesameat /lAW/ carnemeatball /'lAWVGo/ albóndegamilk /lBoY/ leitenut /mJW/ nozolive /'FoBd/ olivaonion /'JmqLm/ cebolaorange juice /'FpBmb bIg/ zume de laranxapotato /UL'WMWN/ patacapyramid /'UBpLlBX/ pirámiderecipe /'pCgLUi/ receitarice /pOg/ arrozsad /gDX/ triste, tristeiro/asalad /'gDoLX/ ensalada
sandwich /'gDmrBa/ bocadillospaghetti /gUL'ZCWi/ espaguetesugar /'iHZL/ azucresurprised /gL'UpOhX/ sorprendido/athirsty /'eKgWi/ sedento/atired /'WOLX/ canso/atomato /WL'lEWN/ tomate
Unit 6Ash Wednesday /Di 'rCmhXM/ mércores de cinzabasketball /'VEgYBWVGo/ baloncestobounce /VPmg/ botarboxing /'VFsBn/ boxeocarry /'YDpi/ levarcatch /YDa/ collerchampion /'aDlUiLm/ campión/oachariot racing /'WiDpiLW pMgBn/ carreira de carros / cuádrigas
cook /YHY/ cociñeiro/adance /XEmg/ bailardiscus throwing /'XBgYLg epNBn/ lanzamento de disco
drive /XpOd/ conducirgoal /ZNo/ porteríaGood luck! /ZHX 'oJY/ Boa sorte!gymnastics /bBl'mægWBYg/ ximnasiahit /kBW/ golpear, baterhorse riding /'kGg pOXBn/ hípica, carreiras de cabalos
ice skating /'Og gYMWBn/ patinaxe sobre xeoIt’s great fun /BWg ZpCBW 'cJm/ é moi divertidojavelin /'bDdoBm/ xavalinaJoin the fun! /bQm fL 'cJm/ Únete á festa! judo /'bIXN/ iudojump /bJlU/ saltar, brincarjumping /'bJlUBn/ salto, brincokick /YBY/ golpear, dar unha patadaLent /oCmW/ Coresmalose /oIh/ perderprize /UpOh/ premio race /pMg/ carreirarollerblading /'pNoLVoMXBn/ patinaxe (con patíns en liña)
rule /pIo/ regra, normarun /pJm/ correrShrove Tuesday /ipNd 'WqIhXM/ martes de entroido
skateboard /'gYMWVGX/ monopatín, patineteskateboarding /'gYMWVGXBn/ ir en monopatín
5
glossary
Build up 1 Galician © B Burlington Books
on /Fm/ sobre, enriba deopposite /'FULhBW/ enfronte depalace /'UDoLg/ palacio, pazoParliament /'UEoLlLmW/ Parlamentorestaurant /'pCgWpFmW/ restauranteroad /pNX/ estradaRoman /'pNlLm/ romano/ashoe shop /'iI iFU/ zapataríashopping centre /'iFUBn gCmWL/ centro comercialsports centre /'gUGWg gCmWL/ polideportivosupermarket /'gIULlEYBW/ supermercadounder /'JmXL/ debaixo dewestern /'rCgWLm/ occidentalwild west /rOoX 'rCgW/ salvaxe oeste
Unit 8adventure /LX'dCmWiL/ aventuraarmy /'Eli/ exércitobeautiful /'VqIWBco/ guapo/a, fermoso/acape /YMU/ capaclay /YoCB/ arxila, lama, barrodark /XEY/ escuro/adie /XO/ morrerdiscover /XB'gYJdL/ descubrirdisguise /XBg'ZOh/ disfracedress /XpCg/ vestidoearplugs /'RUoJZh/ tapóns para os ouvidosexhibit /BZ'hBVBW/ obxectos expostosexhibition /CYgB'VBim/ exposiciónfat /cæW/ gordo/afilm /cBol/ películafunny /'cJmi/ raro/a; divertido/aGreek /ZpAY/ grego/ahat /kDW/ sombreiro, chapeujacket /'bDYBW/ chaqueta, americana, cazadorajeans /bAmh/ pantalóns vaqueirosjob /bFV/ traballo, empregolight /oOW/ claro/along /oFn/ longo/ananny /'mDmi/ ama de críanew /mqI/ novo/aold /NoX/ vello/apirate /'UOpLW/ pirataplaster /'UoEgWL/ xesoready /'pCXi/ preparado/asandals /'gDmXoh/ sandalias scarf /gYEc/ bufanda, pano
skiing /'gYABn/ esquí surfboard /'gKcVGX/ táboa de surfsurfing /'gKcBn/ surf swim /grBl/ nadarteam /WAl/ equipotennis /'WCmBg/ tenisthe Olympics /fA L'oBlUBYg/ as Olimpíadasthird /eKX/ terceiro/athrow /epN/ guindar, lanzartown /WPm/ cidadetradition /WpL'XBim/ tradiciónvolleyball /'dFoiVGo/ voleibol, balonvoleaweightlifting /'rMWoBcWBn/ levantamento de pesowelcome /'rCoYLl/ benvidos/aswin /rBm/ gañar, vencerwinner /'rBmL/ gañador/awrestling /'pCgoBn/ loita
Unit 7above /L'VJd/ enriba de, sobreAnglo-Saxon /DnZoN'gDYgm/ anglosaxón/oabakery /'VMYLpi/ panadaríabehind /VB'kOmX/ detrás debell /VCo/ campábetween /VB'WrAm/ entre (dúas cousas)bookshop /'VHYiFU/ libraríabuilding /'VBoXBn/ edificiobutcher’s /'VHaLh/ carnizaríacafé /'YæcM/ caféchurch /WiKa/ igrexacinema /'gBmLlL/ cinecow /YP/ vacaeither /'OfL/ tampoucofire /'cOL/ incendio, lumegeneral store /'bCmpLo gWG/ tenda (de comestíbeis), almacén
ghost /ZNgW/ fantasma, pantasmagold /ZLHoX/ ourohospital /'kFgUBWo/ hospitalin /Bm/ en, dentro dein front of /Bm 'cpJmW Ld/ diante delesson /'oCgLm/ clase, lecciónlibrary /'oOVpLpi/ bibliotecamuseum /lqI'hALl/ museomusic shop /'lqIhBY iFU/ tenda de músicaneed /mAX/ necesitar, precisarnext to /'mCYgW WI/ a carón de, ao lado denoise /mQh/ ruído
6
glossary
Build up 1 Galician © B Burlington Books
shirt /iKW/ camisashoes /iIh/ zapatosshort /iGW/ curto/ashorts /iGWg/ pantalóns curtosskirt /gYKW/ saiasocks /gFYg/ calcetínsstill /gWBo/ aíndasweater /'grCWL/ xerseiswim hat /'grBl kDW/ gorro de bañoswimsuit /'grBlgIW/ bañadorteen /WAm/ xuvenilthin /eBm/ delgado/a, fraco/atrainers /'WpMmLh/ zapatillas de deporteTrojan horse /WpNbLm 'kGg/ cabalo de Troiatrousers /'WpPhLh/ pantalónstruth /WpIe/ verdadeT-shirt /'WAiKW/ camisetaugly /'JZoi/ feo/awaistcoat /'rMgYNW/ chaleco
Unit 9aeroplane /'CLpLUoCBm/ avión, aeroplanobeach /VAWi/ praia, arealbicycle /'VOgBYo/ bicicletaboat /VNW/ barco/abus /VJg/ autobúscanyon /'YæmqLm/ canóncar /YE / coche, automóbilconquer /'YFnYL/ conquistar, acadarcontest /'YFmWCgW/ concursodesert /'XChLW/ desertodrive /XpOd/ conducirfly /coO/ voar, pilotarforest /'cFpBgW/ bosquehelicopter /'kCoBYFUWL/ helicópteroisland /'OoLmX/ illajeep /bAU/ vehículo todoterreojungle /'bJnZo/ selvalake /oMY/ lagolorry /'oFpi/ camiónmotorbike /'lNWLVOY/ motomountain /'lPmWLm/ montañaocean /'Nim/ océanoreef /pAc/ arrecife, conride /pOX/ montar (a cabalo, en bicicleta, en moto)
river /'pBdL/ ríosail /gMo/ navegar
scooter /'gYIWL/ scootership /iBU/ barcosteam /gWAl/ vaporSwiss /grBg/ suízo/aSwitzerland /'grBWgoLmX/ Suíza take /WMY/ coller (un medio de transporte)taxi /'WæYgi/ taxitrain /WpMm/ trentram /WpDl/ tranvíaunderground /'JmXLZpPmX/ metro (transporte)van /dDm/ furgonetawonder /'rJmXL/ marabilla
7Build up 1 Galician © B Burlington Books
introdUction Unit
Greetings and introductions
Hello, I’m (Daniel). /kLoLH Ol ('XDmqLo)/ Ola, son (Daniel).
I’m (Lucy) and this is my friend (David). /Ol ('oIgi) DmX fBg Bh lO cpCmX ('XMdBX)/ Son (Lucy) e este é o meu amigo (David).
Nice to meet you. /mOg WL 'lAW qI/ Encantado de coñecerte.
Classroom language
When is (the English lesson)? /rCm Bh (fA 'BnZoBi oCgLm)/ Cando é (a clase de inglés)?
Who knows the answer to question (1)? /kI mNh fA 'EmgL WL YrCgWiLm (rJm)/ Quen sabe a resposta á pregunta (1)?
Where is (your pencil)? /rCL Bh (qG 'UCmgo)/ U-lo / Onde está o (teu lapis)?
What is the homework? /rFW Bh fL 'kNlrKY/ Cales son os teus deberes?
Do you understand the question? /XI qI JmXLgWDmX fL 'YrCgWiLm/ Entendes a pregunta?
Can you spell this word? /YLm qI 'gUCo fBg rKX/ Sabes soletrear esta palabra?
Please be quiet. /UoAh VA 'YrOLW/ Calade, por favor.
Please read the (text). /UoAh pAX fL ('WCsW)/ Por favor, lede o (texto).
Open your books to page (15). /NULm qG 'VHYg WL UMb (cBcWAm)/ Abride os libros pola páxina (15).
Please sit down. /UoAh gBW 'XPm/ Sentade, por favor.
What’s your name? /rFWg qG 'mMl/ Como te chamas?
How do you say this in English? / kP XI qI gM fBg Bm 'BnZoBi/ Como se di isto en inglés?
Answer the questions. /EmgL fL 'YrCgWiLmh/ Contestade as preguntas.
Copy and complete the chart. /YFUi DmX YLlUoAW fL 'aEW/ Copiade e completade o cadro.
Can you help me, please? /YLm qI 'kCoU lA UoAh/ Podes axudarme, por favor?
Match the words to the pictures. /lDWi fL 'rKXh WL fL UBYWiLh/ Relaciona as palabras coas fotografías / cos debuxos.
Choose the correct answer. /aIh fL YLpCYW 'EmgL/ Elixe a resposta axeitada.
Write the words in the correct order. /pOW fL 'rKXh Bm fL YLpCYW GXL/ Escribe as palabras na orde correcta.
Unit �
Introductions
Where are you from? /rCL L qG 'cpFl/ De onde es?
I’m from (England). /Ol cpLl ('BnZoLmX)/ Son de (Inglaterra).
What’s your (name / nationality)? /rFWg qG ('mMl / mæiL'mDoLWi)/ Como te (chamas)? / Cal é a túa (nacionalidade)?
My name is (David). /lO mMl Bh ('XMdBX)/ Chámome (David).
Exchanging personal information
I’m (English / thirteen years old). /Ol ('BnZoBi / eK'WAm qRh NoX)/ Son (inglés). / Teño (trece anos).
I’ve got (a brother). /Od ZFW (L 'VpJfL)/ Teño (un irmán).
SPEAKinG GUidE
8Build up 1 Galician © B Burlington Books
Unit �
Talking about routines
I often get up at (seven o’clock). /O 'Fcm ZCW JU LW (gCdm LYoFY)/ A miúdo me ergo (ás sete en punto).
You always ... /qI 'GorCBh/ Ti sempre...
She sometimes ... /iA 'gJlWOlh/ Ela algunhas veces...
They never ... /fM 'mCdL/ Eles nunca...
We go to school at (eight o’clock). /rA ZN WL 'gYIo LW (CBW LYoFY)/ Imos ao colexio (ás oito en punto).
They have breakfast at (half past seven). /fM kDd 'VpCYcLgW LW (kEc UEgW gCdm)/ Almorzan (ás sete e media).
Talking about activities
(Darren) plays (computer games). /('XDpm) UoMh (YLlUqIWL ZMlh)/ (Darren) xoga (co ordenador).
I play (computer games), too. /'O UoM (YLlUqIWL ZMlh WI)/ Eu tamén xogo (co ordenador).
Unit �
Exchanging information
What colour is it? /rFW 'YJoL Bh BW/ De que cor é?
What does it do? /rFW XJh BW 'XI/ Que fai?
When does it (sleep)? /rCm XJh BW ('goAU)/ Cando (dorme)?
Describing animals
It’s got (big ears). /BWg ZFW ('VBZ Rh)/ Ten (as orellas grandes).
It’s a (snake). /BWg L ('gmMY)/ É unha (serpe).
Unit 4
Talking about current actions
What are you doing? /rFW L qG 'XIBn/ Que estás a facer?
Where is (your sister)? /rCL Bh (qG 'gBgWL)/ U-la / Onde está a (túa irmá)?
Do you usually (eat in the kitchen)? /XL qI qIhILoi (AW Bm fL 'YBWiBm)/ Polo xeral (comes na cociña)?
Describing a picture
He’s in (the garden). /kAh Bm (fL 'ZEXm)/ Está (no xardín).
They’re (watching TV). /fS (rFaBn WA'dA)/ Están (a ver a televisión).
Unit 5
Expressing likes and dislikes
I love / like (chocolate). /O 'oJd/'oOY (aFYoLW)/ Encántame / Gústame (o chocolate).
I don’t mind (fish). /O XNmW 'lOmX (cBi)/ Non me desagrada (o peixe).
I hate / dislike (onions). /O 'kMW/XBg'oOY (JmqLmh)/ Odio / Non me gustan (as cebolas).
Ordering food
Do you want to order? /XL qI rFmW WL 'GXL/ Queres pedir?
Yes, I want (fish) and (chips), please. /qCg O rFmW ('cBi) DmX ('aBUg) UoAh/ Si, quero (peixe) e (patacas fritidas), por favor.
OK, that’s (€20). /NYM fDWg (WrCmWi 'qHLpLHh)/ De acordo, son (20€).
speaking guide
9Build up 1 Galician © B Burlington Books
Unit 6
Talking about abilities
Can you (swim) well? /YLm qI ('grBl) rCo/ Sabes (nadar) ben?
I can’t (play volleyball) well. /O YEmW (UoM 'dFoiVGo) rCo/ Non sei (xogar) ben (ao voleibol).
I can (play basketball) well. /O YLm (UoM 'VEgYBWVGo) rCo/ Sei (xogar) ben (ao baloncesto).
Making rules
You must (kick the ball). /qI 'lJgW (YBY fL VGo)/ Debes / Cómpre (golpear a pelota).
You mustn’t (catch the ball with your hands). /qI 'lJgmW (YDa fL VGo rBf qG kDmXh)/ Non debes (coller a pelota coas mans).
Unit 7
Talking about past events
Where were you on (Sunday)? /rCL rK qI Fm ('gJmXM)/ Onde estabas / estiveches (o domingo)?
Were you at the (cinema)? /rK qI LW fL ('gBmLlL)/ Estabas / Estiveches (no cine)?
I was at the (sports centre). /O rFh LW fL ('gUGWg gCmWL)/ Estaba / Estiven (no polideportivo).
Comparing past and present
There are (shops on Town Street). /fS L ('iFUg Fm WPm gWpAW)/ Hai (tendas en Town Street).
There wasn’t (a bakery near the cinema five years ago). /fS rFhmW (L 'VMYLpi mR fL gBmLlL cOd qRg LZN)/ Non había (unha panadaría preto do cine hai cinco anos).
Unit 8
Going shopping
Can you help me, please? /YLm qI 'kCoU lA UoAh/ Podes axudarme, por favor?
What size are you? /rFW 'gOh L qI/ Que talla tes / usas?
What colour do you want? /rFW 'YJoL XL qI rFmW/ Que cor queres?
Do you like this one? /XL qI oOY 'fBg rJm/ Gústache este/a?
Talking about the past
I went to (a party at the weekend). /O rCmW WI (L 'UEWi LW fL rAYCmX)/ Fun (a unha festa a fin de semana).
I wore (my blue jeans). /O 'rG (lO VoI bAmh)/ Levei (os meus vaqueiros azuis).
Unit 9
Buying a ticket
How much is a (museum) ticket? /kP 'lJa Bh L (lqIhALl WBYBW)/ Canto custa unha entrada (ao museo)?
It’s (£10) for adults and (£5) for children. /BWg (WCm UPmXh) cL 'DXJoWg DmX (cOd UPmXh) cL 'WiBoXpLm/ Son (10 £) por adulto e (5 £) por neno.
When is the (museum) open? /rCm Bh fL (lqIhALl) 'NULm/ Cando está aberto (o museo)?
It’s open from (9.00) to (4.00). /BWg 'NULm cpLl (mOm) WL (cG)/ Está aberto desde as (9) até as (4).
Making plans
Let’s go to (the museum). /oCWg 'ZN WL (fL lqIhALl)/ Imos / Vaiamos ao (museo).
Why don’t we (take the tram)? /rO XNmW rA (WMY fL 'WpDl)/ Por que non (collemos o tranvía)?
We’re going to (sail to the island). /rR ZNBn WL (gMo WL fL 'OoLmX)/ Imos (navegar até a illa).
That’s a good / bad idea. /fDWg L 'ZHX / 'VDX OXR/ Esa é unha boa / mala idea.
speaking guide
10 Build up 1 Galician © B Burlington Books
Grammar appendix
to be
introduction
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb to be.
1. Theteacher intheclassroom.
2. Mynotebook (not)inmyschoolbag.
3. youatschool?
4. I astudent.
5. CarolandMark myfriends.
6. David12yearsold?
7. They (not)mypens.
8. Iinthisclass?
Check Yourself!
Answers, see page 30
1Circle the correct answers.
1. MissBrownam/is/areateacher.
2. Theboysam/is/are14yearsold.
3. Iam/is/areintheclassroom.
4. Mypencilcaseam/is/arewhite.
5. Therubbersam/is/are£2.
2 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb to be.
1. Thegirls atschool.
2. I (not)12yearsold.
3. Tina myfriend.
4. Mynotebooks (not)red.
5. Thepen blue.
6. Mybirthday (not)inNovember.
3 Write questions with the words below and the correct form of the verb to be.
1. theteacher/atschool
2. thestudents/intheclassroom
3. Mike/13yearsold
4. thepencils/twopounds
5. theschoolbag/green
Empregámolo para describir cousas, expresar feitos xerais e indicar a idade. Lembra que na conversa am, is e are adoitan contraer co pronome suxeito.I’m thirteen years old. (Teño trece anos.)
En negativa engádelle a partícula not, que con is e are contrae en isn’t e aren’t.I’m not in the park. (Non estou no parque.)The teacher isn’t in the classroom. (O profesor non está na clase.)My books aren’t on my desk. (Os meus libros non están sobre o meu pupitre.)
Para preguntar invértese a orde do suxeito e o verbo. As respostas curtas levan só os pronomes suxeito e o verbo to be sen contraer en afirmativa, ou contraído en negativa.Is your birthday in May? Yes, it is. / No, it isn’t. (O teu aniversario é en maio? É. Si. / Non.)
Is the teacher at school?
4 Answer the questions so they are true for you. Use short answers.
1. Isyourschoolbagpink?
2. Isyourpencilyellow?
3. Areyourpensblue?
4. Areyoutwelveyearsold?
5. IsyourbirthdayinMarch?
6. IstodayTuesday?
are
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Complete the questions with Who, What, Where, When or Why.
1. colouristhatpen?It’sblack.
2. istheEnglishlesson?It’sonThursday.
3. isEmma?She’sintheclassroom.
4. isthat?That’sDavy.
5. isJillathome?Becauseit’sSaturday.
6. arethey?They’remypencils.
7. istheteacher?She’sathome.
8. isyourbirthday?It’sinAugust.
Check Yourself!
Answers, see page 30
5Match the questions and the answers.
Questions Answers
1. Whoisthat? a. She’satschool.
2. WhereisJane? b. Becauseit’stheEnglishclassroom.
3. Whatdayisit? c. It’sMonday.
4. Whenisyourbirthday? d. That’sPete.
5. Whyareyouinthisclassroom? e. It’sinJanuary.
6 Read the answers to the questions. Then choose the correct question word.
1. What/Whereismyruler?It’sinyourpencilcase.
2. When/Whereisyourbirthday?It’sinSeptember.
3. Who/Whyistheteacher?MissSmith.
4. What/WhereisBenny?Atschool.
5. Why/WhenisHelenatschool?Becauseit’sTuesday.
6. Who/Whatisthat?It’smyEnglishbook.
7Answer the questions so they are true for you.
1. Whatisyourname?
2. WhoisyourEnglishteacher?
3. Whereareyou?
4. Whenisyourbirthday?
As partículas interrogativas aparecen só en preguntas que non poden se contestar cun “si” ou cun “non”.Who is she? She’s the teacher. (Quen é? É a profesora.)What is that? It’s a notebook. (Que é iso? É un caderno.)Where are your friends? They’re in the school. (Onde están os teus amigos? Están no colexio.)When is the English test? It’s on Monday. (Cando é o exame de inglés? É luns.)Why are you at home? Because I’m ill. (Por que estás na casa? Porque estou enfermo.)
1
As partículas interrogativas
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unit 1
have got
Emprégase have got con I, you, we e they, mais has got con he, she e it.We have got two schoolbags. (Temos dúas carteiras.) Ecuador has got a yellow, blue and green flag. (Ecuador ten unha bandeira amarela, azul e verde.)
En negativa engadimos not a have e has, pero úsanse máis as formas contraídas. John hasn’t got Russian postcards. (John non ten postais rusas.)
En interrogativa poñemos have ou has + o suxeito + got. Nas respostas curtas empregamos só os pronomes suxeito e have / haven’t ou has / hasn’t, sen got.Have you got a postcard collection? Yes, I have. (Tes unha colección de postais? Teño. / Si.)Has Paul got a sister? No, he hasn’t. (Paul ten unha irmá? Non.)
1Complete the sentences with have got or has got.
1. John apen.
2. They anewcomputer.
3. I adog.
4. Myfriend asister.
5. We friendsfromRomania.
2 Complete the sentences with the correct affirmative or negative form of have got.
1. Thestudents (not)anEnglishlessontoday.
2. Ourschool (not)acomputerroom.
3. Tony afootballcollection.
4. AlfonsoandMaría (not)ason.
5. I abrother.
3 Write questions with Have got or Has got and the words below.
1. Peter/apencil/inhisschoolbag
2. theteacher/anautographcollection
3. RachelandMandy/Frenchparents
4. you/asister
5. I/yourbook
has got
Has Peter got a pencil in his schoolbag?
haven’t got
Complete the sentences with the correct affirmative, negative or interrogative form of have got or has got.
1. I abrother.HisnameisSteve.
2. We redschoolbags.They’reblue.
3. you
mypencil?
4. No,Harry asister.
5. China
ayellowflag?
6. Ryan adog.ItsnameisBlackie.
7. January 32days.
8. yourclass
20students?
Check Yourself!
Answers, see page 30
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4Circle the correct answers.
1. I’mfromLondon.My/YournationalityisEnglish.
2. Cathyismyfriend.Her/Ourbrotherismyfriend,too.
3. Thestudentshaven’tgotalesson.His/Theirteacherisn’tatschool.
4. Lookatthatdog.Your/ItsnameisRex.
5. We’vegotanewhouse.Our/Theirhouseisbig.
6. You’vegotmypen.Thisishis/yourpen.
7. SarahandIhavegotanewdesk.My/Ourdeskisblue.
8. Markisinmyclass.His/Itsbrotherisinmyclass,too.
Complete the sentences with the correct possessive adjectives.
1. Youaren’tEnglish. nationalityisFrench.
2. Ihavegotanewschoolbag. schoolbagispurple.
3. BillandAndyarebrothers. familynameisSmith.
4. Janehasgottwosisters. sistersaregreat.
5. Dannyhasgotasportcollection. collectionisbig.
6. Thecatiswhite. nameisFluffy.
7. WeareinYear8. classis8A.
8. YouandSimonhavegotanewteacher. teacherisMrsDawson.
Check Yourself!
my o meu, a miña, os meus, as miñas
your o teu, a túa, os teus, as túas; o seu, a súa, os seus, as súas (de vostede)
his o seu, a súa, os seus, as súas (del)
her o seu, a súa, os seus, as súas (dela)
its o seu, a súa, os seus, as súas (dunha cousa ou animal)
our o noso, a nosa, os nosos, as nosas
your o voso, a vosa, os vosos, as vosas; o seu, a súa, os seus, as súas (de vostedes)
their o seu, a súa, os seus, as súas (deles/delas)
Sempre van diante da cousa posuída sen importar o xénero nin o número que esta teña, pois a súa forma sinala quen é o posuidor: our car (o noso coche) – our bikes (as nosas bicis). Na 3ª persoa diferénciase moi claramente se o posuidor é de xénero masculino (his), feminino (her) ou neutro (its). His grandmother is eighty years old. (A súa avoa [del] ten oitenta anos.)Her nationality is Moroccan. (A súa nacionalidade [dela] é a marroquí.)
Answers, see page 30
Os adxectivos posesivos
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unit 2
O Present Simple en afirmativa
e os adverbios de frecuencia
Lembra que o Present Simple se emprega para expresar:
rutinas e horarios I have breakfast at eight o’clock every morning. (Almorzo ás oito todas as mañás.)
gustos e opinións I like the Harry Potter books very much. (Gusto moito dos libros de Harry Potter.)
feitos xerais Many children go to bed early. (Moitos nenos déitanse cedo.)
En afirmativa é o mesmo que o infinitivo sen to, agás na 3ª persoa que remata en s. Nalgúns casos, dependendo das terminacións dos verbos, engádese es:
• os rematados en ss, sh, ch e x miss ➝ misses finish ➝ finishes watch ➝ watches fix ➝ fixes
• os que rematan en o do ➝ does go ➝ goes
• os que rematan en consoante + y study ➝ studies
Neste caso, cambia o y por un i antes de lle engadir a terminación es.
Os adverbios de frecuencia son palabras moi usadas co Present Simple. Expresan a frecuencia con que facemos algo.
always (sempre) often (a miúdo) never (nunca)usually (normalmente, xeralmente) sometimes (ás veces, algunhas veces)
Sempre van diante do verbo mais, de se tratar do verbo to be, colócanse detrás.School always starts at half past eight. (O colexio sempre comeza ás oito e media.)People’s routines are often very different. (As rutinas da xente son a miúdo moi diferentes.)
1Write sentences with the words below. Use the Present Simple affirmative.
1. mymother/read/books/atnight
2. I/clean/myroom/everyday
3. thechildren/play/football/onMondays
4. Tom/go/tobed/ateighto’clock
5. LeeandBen/getup/atseveno’clock
6. theteacher/look/atournotebooks/everyweek
My mother reads books at night.
2Add the adverbs of frequency to the sentences below.
1. Ieatpizza.(never)
2. Theboysgetupatseveno’clock.(always) 3. AnnawatchesTVafterschool.(often) 4. Myfriendsbuymepresentsonmy
birthday.(usually) 5. TommeetsfriendsonSaturdays.
(sometimes)
I never eat pizza.
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O xenitivo saxón
Para sinalar de quen é algo engadimos un apóstrofo (’ ) e un s ao posuidor, no caso de ser un substantivo singular ou un nome propio.Peter’s shoes (os zapatos de Peter)
Se o nome propio remata en s, podémoslle engadir só o apóstrofo (’ ) ou ambas as dúas cousas.Charles’ car / Charles’s car (o coche de Charles)
Se o substantivo é plural e remata en s, só se pon o apóstrofo, mais se é un plural irregular, engadimos as dúas cousas.the teachers’ books (os libros dos profesores)the men’s cars (os coches dos homes)
3Complete the sentences with the words in brackets and the Saxon Genitive.
1. The (girls)schoolbagsarered.
2. My (friend)shoesarepink.
3. The (dog)ballisblue.
4. My (sisters)friendsarefromMorocco.
5. (John)grandmotherisFrench.
girls’
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the Present Simple affirmative.
1. Paulusually (start)schoolat9o’clock.
2. I (walk)toschoolinthemorning.
3. Wesometimes (go)tobedat10o’clock.
4. Sally (clean)herroomeveryday.
5. Theteacheroften (write)questionsontheboard.
6. Jakenever (do)homeworkatschool.
7. MyfatherandI (watch)TVeveryevening.
8. Mybrotheralways (study)atnight.
Check Yourself!
Answers, see page 30
Complete the sentences with the words in brackets and the Saxon Genitive.
1. The (students/work)isgood.
2. My (brother/notebook)isblue.
3. The (boys/names)areBenandJake.
4. (Alice/house)isnew.
5. The (girl/dog)isintheclassroom.
6. My (parents/birthdays)areinJune.
7. The (teacher/sister)isateacher,too.
8. My (friends/schoolbags)areintheclassroom.
Check Yourself!
Answers, see page 30
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O Present Simple en negativa e interrogativa
En negativa engadimos do not (don’t) diante do verbo. Para a 3ª persoa do singular empregamos does not (doesn’t).I don’t play the guitar. (Non toco a guitarra.)Helen doesn’t watch TV. (Helen non ve a televisión.)
En interrogativa engadimos do ao comezo da oración. Para a 3ª persoa do singular empregamos does. Como does (na negativa en interrogativa) xa expresa que é 3ª persoa do singular, non se engade s ao verbo principal. Nas respostas curtas usa os pronomes suxeito e do / does se son afirmativas ou don’t / doesn’t se son negativas.Does María water the plants? Yes, she does. / No, she doesn’t. (Rega María as plantas? Rega. Si. / Non.)
I don’t go to school at nine o’clock.
unit 3
1Write the words in the correct order to make sentences.
1. work/doesn’t/mymother/athome
2. eat/don’t/butterflies/otheranimals
3. TV/watch/mydog/doesn’t
2 Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the Present Simple negative.
1. I (wear)atracksuitforschool.
2. Giraffes (live)inhouses.
3. Tom (listen)tomusiceveryday.
4. MarioandMaría (play)footballatschool.
5. I (like)snakes.
6. Mycanary (sing)songs.
3Change the words in bold to make negative sentences. Use the words in brackets.
1. Igotoschoolateighto’clock.(nineo’clock)
2. Bennycleanshisroomonceaweek.(everyday)
3. Weusuallyhavelunchatschool.(always)
4.Tinaridesherbikeeverymorning.(everyevening)
5.Pandasliveupto20years.(40years)
don’t wear
My mother doesn’t work at home.4. don’t/Englishbooks/read/PeteandAlice/
usually
5. doesn’t/atschool/homework/Harry/do
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4 Complete the questions with the verbs in brackets. Use the Present Simple interrogative.
1. you (like)hamsters?
2. yoursnake (eat)frogs?
3. giraffes (come)fromEurope?
4. Lisa (work)withhorses?
5. you (study)biologyatschool?
5Write questions with the words below. Use the Present Simple.
1. yourparents/getup/at7o’clock
2. yourfamily/havedinner/at8o’clock
3. you/love/animals
4. acat/sleep/inyourroom
5. pandas/live/inyourcountry
6Answer the questions in Exercise 5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Do like
Do your parents get up at 7 o’clock?
Answers, see page 30
Circle the correct answers.
1. Iusuallymeet/meetsmyfriendsafterschool.
2. Do/Doesyouwanttoadoptananimal?
3. Caitlindon’tlike/doesn’tlikeinsects.
4. AndyandIdon’tgo/doesn’tgotothezooeveryweek.
5. Do/Doesawhaleweighupto200tons?
6. Linsometimeshelp/helpsatthepetshop.
7. Mydogneversleep/sleepsinmyroom.
8. Zorsesdon’thave/doesn’thavebabies.
Check Yourself!
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unit 4
O Present Continuous
Lembra que o Present Continuous expresa o que estamos a facer ou o que está a pasar no intre en que se está falando. Adoita ir acompañado das expresións at the moment (neste intre), now (agora), right now (agora mesmo, arestora) e today (hoxe).
A afirmativa fórmase co presente do verbo to be (am, is, are) + o verbo principal rematado en ing.Josh is reading now. (Josh está a ler agora.)
En negativa empregamos o presente do verbo to be en negativa + o verbo principal rematado en ing.People aren’t walking in the street. (A xente non está a andar pola rúa.)
En interrogativa o suxeito vai entre o verbo to be e o verbo rematado en ing. Nas respostas curtas afirmativas úsanse os pronomes suxeito e am, is ou are sen contraer, mais nas negativas si contraen. Is Belinda listening to music at the moment? Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t. (Belinda está a escoitar música arestora? Está. Si. / Non.)
Ao lle engadir a terminación ing a un verbo cómpre seguir as seguintes regras ortográficas:
• Se remata en e mudo, perde o e. write ➝ writing drive ➝ driving come ➝ coming• Se é monosílabo e remata en vogal + consoante, dobra a consoante. stop ➝ stopping run ➝ running sit ➝ sitting
1Complete the sentences. Use the Present Continuous affirmative.
1. Myfriends (play)footballatthemoment.
2. Brad (do)homeworkrightnow.
3. Gabriella (read)agoodbooknow.
4. We (listen)tomusicatthemoment.
5. HelenandPaul (watch)TVnow.
2Complete the sentences with the words below. Use the Present Continuous negative.
1. Kenny tennisrightnow.
2. Thegirls theplantsnow.
3. Mark thedishesat themoment.
4. I thedogatthemoment.
5. JeanandI dinnernow.
3Circle the correct answers.
1. Am/Is/Arewegoingtothepartynow?
2. Am/Is/AreJennyswimmingatthemoment?
3. Am/Is/AreJoandMikeworkingin thegardenrightnow?
4. Am/Is/AretheteacherswatchingTVat themoment?
5. Am/Is/Areyourfathercookingdinnerrightnow?
are playing
isn’t playing Complete the sentences. Use the correct form of the Present Continuous.
1. you (go)tobednow?
2. Dan (notplay)footballatthemoment.
3. We (have)dinnernow.
4. I (listen)tomusicrightnow.
5. Donna (get)dressedatthemoment?
6. I (notstudy)rightnow.
7. I (talk)toDavid?
8. They (noteat)rightnow.
Check Yourself!
Answers, see page 30
play • have • wash • feed • water
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Contraste Present Continuous / Present Simple
O Present Simple fala de feitos habituais, mentres que o Present Continuous di o que está a ocorrer no momento en que falamos.I make the bed every day. (Fago a cama todos os días.)I am making the bed now. (Estou a facer a cama agora.)
Repara en que as expresións temporais axudan a diferenciar un tempo do outro.
4Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the Present Simple or Present Continuous.
1. I (watch)TVatthemoment.
I (watch)iteveryevening.
2. Don (notplay)tennisonWednesdays.
Today,he (notplay)becauseit’sWednesday.
3. you (do)homeworknow?
youalways (do)homeworkafterschool?
4. Mygrandfatherusually (work)inthegarden.
He (notwork)inthegardennowbecauseheishavinglunch.
am watchingwatch
Answers, see page 30
Choose the correct answers.
1. Theteacher…atthemoment.
a. istalking b. talks
2. Emilyusually…intheafternoon.
a. isreading b. reads
3. Theboys…ontheInternetnow.
a. don’tchat b. aren’tchatting
4. …Jane…toschooleveryday?
a. Does…walk b. Is…walking
5. Mark…TVeverynight.
a. isn’twatching b. doesn’twatch
6. …Pete…theguitarrightnow?
a. Is…playing b. Does…play
7. I…toyourightnow.
a. amnotlistening b. don’tlisten
8. We…Englisheveryday.
a. arestudying b. study
Check Yourself!
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Countable NounsUncountable Nouns
Singular Plural
a tomato some tomatoes
There is / There are; a, an, some, any
Afirmativa
There is (ou a contracción there’s) vai diante de substantivos en singular. Cos substantivos contábeis empregamos a (ou an cando o substantivo comeza con vogal) e cos non contábeis empregamos some.There is a tomato. (Hai un tomate.)There is an onion. (Hai unha cebola.)There is some meat. (Hai algo / un pouco de carne.)
Empregamos there are só diante de nomes contábeis en plural.There are some chips. (Hai [algunhas] patacas fritidas.)
Negativa
Engadimos not ou n’t detrás de is/are. No canto de a/an ou some empregamos any, que significa ningún/ningunha ou nada de, aínda que polo xeral non se traduce.There isn’t any vinegar. (Non hai vinagre.)There aren’t any nuts. (Non hai noz ningunha.)
Interrogativa
Para preguntar poñemos is ou are diante de there. Nas respostas curtas volvemos á orde normal. De seren negativas, empregamos as formas contraídas. O mesmo que nas negativas, nas oracións interrogativas empregamos any no canto de a/an ou some.Is there any milk? Yes, there is. (Hai [algo de] leite? Hai. Si.)Are there any potatoes in the shop? No, there aren’t. (Hai patacas / algunha pataca na tenda? Non.)
2Complete the sentences with a, an, some or any.
1. Thereare chipsonthetable.
2. Haveyougot sugar?
3. Iwant ricewithmychicken,please.
4. Therearen’t meninthekitchen.
5. Thereis sandwichforyouinthediningroom.
6. Doyouwant orange?
1Complete the chart with the words below. Add a, an or some.
some
3 Complete the sentences with There is, There isn’t, There are or There aren’t.
1. somesandwichesinmyschoolbag.
2. anycheeseforlunch.
3. afishintheaquarium.It’sblueandyellow.
4. somesauceontherice.
5. anywomenatthecafé.
6. ameatballonmyspaghetti.Pleasegivemeone.
There are
unit 5
tomato • sheep • bread • rice • fish cheese • sugar • meat • pencil • ear
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4 Write questions with Is there or Are there and the words below.
1. any/olives/onthepizza
2. any/orangejuice/inthehouse
3. a/goodcafé/inyourtown
4. any/eggs/onthetable
5. any/food/inyourbedroom
6. any/programmes/aboutfood/onTV
7. an/onion/inyourhand
Circle the correct answers.
1. I’mthirsty.Iwantsome/amilk,please.
2. Thereis/Therearesomesandwichesforlunch.
3. Isthere/Arethereanypotatoesinthekitchen?
4. Therearethreemen/manattherestaurant.
5. Tomdoesn’twantsome/anylunch.
6. Thereisn’t/Therearen’tanyriceinthehouse.
7. Pleasedon’tputa/anegginmysalad.
8. Thereis/Thereareanewcaféhere.
Check Yourself!
Answers, see page 30
Are there any olives on the pizza?
extra!
How much / How many
Empregamos how much e how many para preguntar sobre cantidades.
Empregamos how many con substantivos contábeis.How many meals are there? (Cantas comidas hai?)
Empregamos how much con substantivos non contábeis.How much food is there? (Canta comida hai?)
Tamén empregamos how much ppara preguntar sobre o prezo das cousas.How much is it? (Canto custa?)
Complete the sentences with How much or How many.
1. studentsarethereinyourschool?
2. chocolatedoyoueateveryday?
3. timehavewegotforlunch?
4. penshaveyougot?
5. coladoyoudrinkeveryday?
6. brothersandsistershasHelengot?
How many
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unit 6
Can / Can’t, Must / Mustn’t
can / can’t
Can expresa a habilidade (saber), a posibilidade (poder) ou o permiso para facer algo (poder).He can dance very well. (Sabe bailar moi ben.)We can run today. (Podemos correr hoxe.)
En negativa úsase cannot, sen separación, ou a forma contraída can’t.I can’t drive. (Non sei conducir.)They can’t carry me. (Non me poden levar.)
En interrogativa invértese a orde e colócase o suxeito detrás de can. Nas respostas curtas emprégase o pronome acaído e can ou can’t.Can you play tennis? Yes, I can. (Sabes xogar ao tenis? Sei. Si.)Can I do judo? No, you can’t. (Podo facer iudo? Non.)
must / mustn’t
Must expresa a necesidade, conveniencia ou obriga de facer algo (significa “deber”).You must listen to the teacher. (Debes escoitar á profesora.)
En troques, mustn’t, que é a contracción de must e de not, indica que a acción expresada polo outro verbo non é conveniente ou está prohibida.We mustn’t speak in class. (Non debemos falar na clase. [non está ben])You mustn’t swim in the river. (Non debedes bañarvos no río. [está prohibido])
1Circle the correct answers.
1. Ababycan/can’tcookfood.
2. Afishcan/can’tswim.
3. Afrogcan/can’tjump.
4. Adogcan/can’tread.
5. Anelephantcan/can’trideabike.
2Complete the sentences with must or mustn’t.
1. Theteacheristalking.You talk.
2. You listentoyourparents.
3. Students sitontheirdesks.
4. You stopataredlight.
5. You feedtheanimalsatthezoo.
6. You drinkwateronahotday.
mustn’t
Choose the correct answers.
1. You…listentoyourteachers. a. mustn’t b. must
2. I…dothehomework.It’shard! a. can’t b. mustn’t
3. Jenny…runveryfast.Shealwaysgetsfirstprize.
a. can b. must
4. You…useyourmobilephoneinthelesson. a. can’t b. mustn’t
5. Anelephant…sweepthefloor. a. mustn’t b. can’t
6. Theclassroom…becleanattheendofalesson.
a. must b. mustn’t
7. I…speakFrench,butmyGermanisverygood.
a. can b. can’t
8. You…kicktheballinfootball. a. must b. mustn’t
Check Yourself!
Answers, see page 30
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Os adverbios de modo describen a forma en que se realiza a acción. Con eles respóndese ás preguntas que comezan por How ...? (Como...?). Os máis deles son regulares e fórmanse engadindo a terminación ly ao adxectivo correspondente, aínda que algúns non seguen esta regra e cómpre sabelos de memoria (good – well, fast – fast, hard – hard).I can’t run quickly. (Non podo correr á présa.)
3Complete the sentences with the adverb form of the adjectives in brackets.
1. Dancanwintherace.Heruns (quick).
2. Brianworks (hard).Heworkstenhourseveryday.
3. Wendylovestennis.Shealwaysplays (happy).
4. Pete’sgeographymarkis20%.Hedidn’tdo (good).
5. I’mnotagooddancer.Idance (bad).
6. Donnasings (beautiful).
Os adverbios de modo
Check Yourself!
Answers, see page 30
quickly
Complete the sentences with the adverb form of the adjectives below.
sad • happy • good • hard • bad • slow • beautiful • hungry
1. Shecomestothelessons becauseshelovesthem.
2. Davereads .Heonlyreadsonebookayear.
3. Keithisgoodonthepiano.Heplaysit .
4. Mandyalwaysworks .She’sagoodstudent.
5. Shakirasings .Ilistentohereveryday.
6. “Iwanttoeat,”theboysays .
7. Lauraisn’thappy.Shetalks .
8. Idon’tplayfootballwell.Iplayit .
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unit 7
O verbo to be en pasado
En afirmativa, emprégase was cando o suxeito sexa I, he, she ou it, e were se o suxeito é we, you ou they. Repara na expresión temporal que adoita haber na oración (yesterday, last month, the other day, etc.).John was next to the cinema yesterday. (John estaba a carón do cine onte.)Peter and Carla were a good couple. (Peter e Carla eran unha boa parella.)
En negativa engadimos not, que con was e were contraen en wasn’t e weren’t.He wasn’t at the church. (Non estaba na igrexa.)
En interrogativa poñemos was e were ao comezo e nas respostas curtas empregamos os pronomes suxeito e was / wasn’t ou were / weren’t.Were the students at the museum? Yes, they were. / No, they weren’t. (Estiveron os alumnos no museo? Estiveron. Si. / Non.)
1Complete the sentences with was, wasn’t, were or weren’t. Make the sentences true for you.
1. I athomelastnight.
2. Ourteacher lateyesterday.
3. Myfriends atthecinemayesterday.
4. MyfamilyandI atafootballgamelastThursday.
5. I atthelibraryyesterday.
6. MyfriendandI atapartyattheweekend.
2Write the words in the correct order to make questions.
1. thebank/open/was/yesterday
2. you/were/lastweek/atschool
3. angry/theteacher/was/yesterday
4. LinandLee/lastnight/attheparty/were
5. Tony/was/athome/lastweekend
Complete the sentences with the correct past form of the verb to be.
1. Myfriends (not)athomeyesterday.
2. Chloehappyattheparty?
3. I lateforschoolyesterday.
4. youathomeonSaturdaymorning?
5. I (not)atschoolonTuesday.
6. thechildrenwithyouatthesupermarket?
7. We atthemuseumlastweek.
8. Sarah (not)inmyclasslastyear.
Check Yourself!
Answers, see page 30
Was the bank open yesterday?
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There was indica que había unha cousa, sexa un substantivo contábel en singular ou un non contábel. There was a restaurant under the house. (Había un restaurante debaixo da casa.)There was good meat at the butcher’s. (Había boa carne na carnizaría.)
There were indica que había dúas ou máis cousas, e por iso se emprega con substantivos contábeis en plural.There were hundreds of people in the shops. (Había centos de persoas nas tendas.)
En negativa engadimos not, que con was e were contraen en wasn’t y weren’t.There weren’t any children at the sports centre. (Non había nenos no polideportivo.)
As preguntas comezan con was ou were, e nas respostas curtas volvemos á orde normal. De seren negativas, empregamos as formas contraídas.Were there many people at the library? Yes, there were. / No, there weren’t. (Había moita xente na biblioteca? Había. Si. / Non.)
3Complete the sentences with There was, There were, There wasn’t or There weren’t.
1. amathstestyesterdayanditwashard.
2. anycheeseinthesandwich.
3. asnakeintheclassroomandthestudentswerefrightened.
4. anycomputers200yearsago.
5. somepencilsinmypencilcasefiveminutesago.
4Write the words in the correct order to make questions.
1. there/were/teachers/any/intheroom
2. there/atthesportscentre/was/abasketballgame
3. were/any/people/there/atthemuseum
4. there/was/any/inthetea/sugar
5. a/goodfilm/there/was/atthecinema
There was / There were
Complete the sentences with There was, There were, There wasn’t, There weren’t, Was there or Were there.
1. anybooksonthedesk.
2. anypeopleatthebookshop?
3. acatintheroombutthereisonenow.
4. somelionsandtigersatthezoo.
5. agiraffenearthezebra.Whereisitnow?
6. anyfoodattheparty?
7. somefoodonthetable.
8. anymilkinthekitchen?
Check Yourself!
Answers, see page 30
There was
Were there any teachers in the room?
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unit 8
O Past Simple en afirmativa
O Past Simple emprégase para expresar accións ocorridas nun momento concreto do pasado e para contar historias en pasado.I saw a great jacket last week. (Vin unha chaqueta estupenda a semana pasada.)
Empréganse as mesmas expresións temporais que co verbo to be pois sinalan o momento en que ocorreu a acción.
Antes de lle engadir ed a un verbo regular para poñelo en pasado, cómpre reparar nestas regras ortográficas:
• Se remata en e mudo, só engadimos d. arrive ➝ arrived
• Se é monosílabo e remata en vogal + consoante, dobra esa consoante. stop ➝ stopped
• Se remata en consoante + y, cambia o y por un i antes de lle engadir ed. study ➝ studied
Os verbos irregulares non engaden ed e polo tanto cómpre que os saibas de memoria. Podes atopar a listaxe nas páxinas 31-32.
Complete the sentences with the Past Simple form of the verbs below.
buy • start • take • wear • study • see chat • visit
1. We ourgrandparentsinLondonlastweekend.
2. Lisa outtherubbishanhourago.
3. Don forthehistorytestlastnight.
4. I onthephonewithmyfriendafterschool.
5. They anewcomputerlastweek.
6. MandyandPete agoodfilmonTVyesterday.
7. Thefilm at8o’clock.
8. Mary newtrainersatschoolyesterday.
Check Yourself!
Answers, see page 30
-ed -d -ieddanced dance • play • try • change • carry
walk • bounce • wait • study
2Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs below. Use the Past Simple.
1. Theteacher tomymotheryesterday.
2. We thenewteacher.Shewasverynice.
3. Judy toschoolyesterday.
4. Adam TVforfivehourslastnight.
5. I hardforthetest.
3Complete the sentences with the Past Simple form of the verbs in brackets.
1. Carol (write)ane-mailtoherfriendyesterday.
2. I (buy)anewsweatertwodaysago.
3. We (go)tothesportscentrelastnight.
4. Mario (draw)abeautifulpictureatschoolyesterday.
5. Thestudents (have)twotestslastweek.
6. I (see)thatfilmlastnight.
talked
wrote
1Complete the chart.
dance • play • try • change • carry walk • bounce • wait • study
watch • like • walk • talk • study
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This – este / esta / istoThat – ese / esa / iso ou aquel / aquela / aquiloThese – estes / estasThose – eses / esas ou aqueles / aquelas
Lembra que concordan co substantivo ao que se refiren só en número (singular/plural), mentres que en galego tamén concordan en xénero (masculino / feminino).That is his scarf. (Aquela é a súa bufanda.)These are your trousers. (Estes son os vosos pantalóns.)
Funcionan como adxectivos cando van diante dun substantivo.This car is clean. (Este coche está limpo.)Those men are Chinese. (Eses homes son chineses.)
4Complete the sentences with This, That, These or Those.
Check Yourself!
Answers, see page 30
1
5
2
“ isagreatcomputergame.”
4
“ aremyparents.”
“ dogsarebeautiful.”
“ booksareDanny’s.”
This
6
3
“ isyourpen.”
“ isanewschool.”
Circle the correct answers.
1. This/Theseismynewscarf.
2. Arethis/theseyourshoes?
3. That/Thoseboyisinmyclass.
4. That/Thisismynewhat.It’sonmyhead.
5. These/Thosetrousersintheshopwindowareverynice.
6. Isthese/thismypencil?
7. Lookatthatcar.Arethose/theseyoursistersinthecar?
8. These/Thischocolatesarefantastic!
Os demostrativos
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unit 9
be going to
En afirmativa fórmase co presente de to be + going to e un verbo na forma base, e significa “ir” + infinitivo. Como expresa os nosos plans e intencións, adoita levar algunha expresión de futuro que indique cando faremos a acción (tomorrow, later, soon, etc.).I’m going to ride a horse tomorrow. (Vou montar a cabalo mañá.)
En negativa engadimos not ou n’t ao verbo to be.She isn’t going to sail this summer. (Ela non vai navegar este verán.)
As preguntas comezan con am, is ou are, e nas respostas curtas só repetimos estas formas de to be, sen contraer en afirmativa e contraídas en negativa.Are your friends going to go to the beach on Wednesday? Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t. (Os teus amigos van ir á praia mércores? Van. Si. / Non.)
1Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use be going to.
1.Jack (travel)toschoolbytrain.
2. We (noteat)hamburgersforlunch.
3. I (study)forthetestlater.
4. Mymother (notwork)atthehospitaltoday.
5. DonnaandFaye (buy)newclothesafterschool.
2Write questions with the words below. Use be going to.
1. theboys/play/basketball/tomorrow
2. Ben/start/theproject/today
3. you/meet/yourfriends/attheshoppingcentre/later
4. JackandLaura/have/dinner/ateighto’clock
5. Sue/do/herhomework/tonight
Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use be going to.
1. Myfriends (make)meapartyformybirthday.
2. Jodi (notread)thatbook.
3. thegirls (finish)theprojecttomorrow?
4. I (meet)Markatthecafélater.
5. We (notplay)computergamestonight.
6. Carla (buy)aniPodsoon?
7. Sally (drive)toFranceinthesummer.
8. I (be)inyourclassnextyear?
Check Yourself!
Answers, see page 30
is going to travel
Are the boys going to play basketball tomorrow?
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Anuncia un acontecemento que ocorrerá no futuro vindeiro porque así se fixou de antemán. Para que esa idea de futuro estea clara cómpre dicir cando ocorrerá a acción.We are flying at three o’clock tomorrow. (Voamos / Voaremos mañá ás tres.)
Lembra, se é unha intención emprega be going to. Se é algo seguro, emprega o Present Continuous (tamén en galego empregamos o presente para anunciar o que faremos con toda seguridade).I am staying at home tonight. (Quedo / Quedarei na casa esta noite.)
Na unidade 4 vimos como se forman a negativa, a interrogativa e as respostas curtas do Present Continuous. Repásaas alí de o precisares.My brother is not coming later. (Meu irmán non vén / non virá despois.)Are you having lunch in an hour? Yes, we are. / No, we aren’t. (Comedes / Comeredes nunha hora? Comerei. Si. / Non.)
3Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs below. Use the Present Continuous.
1. Thebus at1o’clock.
2. SueandPam tennisonMonday.
3. Dave tothebakerysoon?
4. Mydad athometomorrow.
5. BradandAndy
apartyafterschool?
6. I Tomthisevening.
O Present Continuous con valor de futuro
is leaving
Substitúen a un substantivo pois xa se mencionou antes e, como fan a función de complemento, van logo do verbo ou dunha preposición.I’ve got two cats. Do you want to see them? (Teño dous gatos. Queres velos?)This motorbike is for you. (Esta moto é para ti.)
Os pronombres persoais obxecto
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the Present Continuous.
1. Lynn (fly)toAmericatonight?
2. Myfriends (go)tothesportscentreafterschool.
3. I (notride)mybicycletoschoolthismorning.
4. We (nothave)atesttomorrow.
5. you (take)yourbrothertotheshopssoon?
6. Tania (notplay)tennislater.
7. Thetrain (come)at6o’clock.
8. I (leave)infiveminutes.
Check Yourself!
Answers, see page 30extra!
me me (a min) it o, a (unha cousa ou un animal)
you te, che (a ti); o, a, lle, se (a vostede) us nos (a nós)
him o, lle, se (a el) you vos (a vós); lles, as, os (a vostedes)
her a, lle, se (a ela) them os, as, lles, se (a eles/as)
Complete the sentences with the correct object pronouns.
1. ThisisJane’ssweater.Pleasegiveitto .
2. Wearegoingtoarestaurant.Doyouwanttocomewith ?
3. Ournewbicyclesarered.Doyouwanttosee ?
4. IhavegotGreg’spen.Imustgiveitto .
5. That’smysandwich.Mummadeitfor .
her
go • leave • play • have • not meet not work
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Introduction, page 10, to be
1. is 3. Are 5. are 7. aren’t2. isn’t 4. am 6. Is 8. Am
Introduction, page 11, As partículas interrogativas
1. What 3. Where 5. Why 7. Where2. When 4. Who 6. What 8. When
Unit 1, page 12, have got
1. havegot 5. Has…got2. haven’tgot 6. hasgot3. Have…got 7. hasn’tgot4. hasn’tgot 8. Has…got
Unit 1, page 13, Os adxectivos posesivos
1. Your 3. Their 5. His 7. Our2. My 4. Her 6. Its 8. Your
Unit 2, page 15, O Present Simple en afirmativa e os adverbios de frecuencia
1. starts 3. go 5. writes 7. watch2. walk 4. cleans 6. does 8. studies
Unit 2, page 15, O xenitivo saxón
1. students’work 5. girl’sdog2. brother’snotebook 6. parents’birthdays3. boys’names 7. teacher’ssister4. Alice’shouse 8. friends’schoolbags
Unit 3, page 17, O Present Simple en negativa e interrogativa
1. meet 3. doesn’tlike 5. Does 7. sleeps2. Do 4. don’tgo 6. helps 8. don’thave
Unit 4, page 18, O Present Continuous
1. Are…going 5. Is…getting2. isn’tplaying 6. amnotstudying3. arehaving 7. Am…talking4. amlistening 8. aren’teating
Unit 4, page 19, Contraste Present Continuous / Present Simple
1. a 3. b 5. b 7. a2. b 4. a 6. a 8. b
Unit 5, page 21, There is / There are; a, an, some, any
1. some 5. any2. Thereare 6. Thereisn’t3. Arethere 7. an4. men 8. Thereis
Unit 6, page 22, Can / Can’t, Must / Mustn’t
1. b 3. a 5. b 7. b2. a 4. b 6. a 8. a
Unit 6, page 23, Os adverbios de modo
1. happily 5. beautifully2. slowly 6. hungrily3. well 7. sadly4. hard 8. badly
Unit 7, page 24, O verbo to be en pasado
1. weren’t 28.was 5. wasn’t 7. were2. Was 4. Were 6. Were 8. wasn’t
Unit 7, page 25, There was / There were
1. Thereweren’t 5. Therewas2. Werethere 6. Wasthere3. Therewasn’t 7. Therewas4. Therewere 8. Wasthere
Unit 8, page 26, O Past Simple en afirmativa
1. visited 5. bought2. took 6. saw3. studied 7. started4. chatted 8. wore
Unit 8, page 27, Os demostrativos
1. This 3. That 5. Those 7. those2. these 4. This 6. this 8. These
Unit 9, page 28, be going to
1. aregoingtomake 5. aren’tgoingtoplay2. isn’tgoingtoread 6. Is…goingtobuy3. Are…goingtofinish 7. isgoingtodrive4. amgoingtomeet 8. Am…goingtobe
Unit 9, page 29, O Present Continuous con valor de futuro
1. Is…flying 5. Are…taking2. aregoing 6. isn’tplaying3. amnotriding 7. iscoming4. aren’thaving 8. amleaving
cHecK YourSeLF! anSWer KeY
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IRREGULAR VERB LIST
BASE FORM (V1) PAST SIMPLE (V2) PAST PARTICIPLE (V3) GALEGO
be /VA/ was/were /rFh/rK/ been /VAm/ ser, estarbeat /VAW/ beat /VAW/ beaten /'VAWm/ golpear, baterbecome /VB'YJl/ became /VB'YMl/ become /VB'YJl/ chegar a serbegin /VB'ZBm/ began /VB'Zæm/ begun /VB'ZJm/ comezar, empezarbend /VCmX/ bent /VCmW/ bent /VCmW/ dobrar(se)bet /VCW/ bet /VCW/ bet /VCW/ apostarbite /VOW/ bit /VBW/ bitten /'VBWm/ trabarbleed /VoAX/ bled /VoCX/ bled /VoCX/ sangrarblow /VoLH/ blew /VoI/ blown /VoLHm/ soprarbreak /VpMY/ broke /VpLHY/ broken /'VpLHYLm/ crebar, romper, racharbring /VpBn/ brought /VpGW/ brought /VpGW/ traerbuild /VBoX/ built /VBoW/ built /VBoW/ construírburn /VKm/ burnt/burned /VKmW/VKmX/ burnt/burned /VKmW/VKmX/ queimarbuy /VO/ bought /VGW/ bought /VGW/ mercarcatch /Yæa/ caught /YGW/ caught /YGW/ coller, agarrarchoose /aIh/ chose /aLHh/ chosen /'aLHhm/ elixircome /YJl/ came /YMl/ come /YJl/ vircost /YFgW/ cost /YFgW/ cost /YFgW/ custarcut /YJW/ cut /YJW/ cut /YJW/ cortardig /XBZ/ dug /XJZ/ dug /XJZ/ cavar, sachardo /XI/ did /XBX/ done /XJm/ facerdraw /XpG/ drew /XpI/ drawn /XpGm/ debuxardream /XpAl/ dreamt/dreamed /XpClW/XpAlX/ dreamt/dreamed /XpClW/XpAlX/ soñardrink /XpBnY/ drank /XpænY/ drunk /XpJnY/ beberdrive /XpOd/ drove /XpLHd/ driven /'XpBdm/ conducireat /AW/ ate /CBW/ eaten /AWm/ comerfall /cGo/ fell /cCo/ fallen /'cGoLm/ caerfeed /cAX/ fed /cCX/ fed /cCX/ alimentarfeel /cAo/ felt /cCoW/ felt /cCoW/ sentir(se)fight /cOW/ fought /cGW/ fought /cGW/ loitar find /cOmX/ found /cPmX/ found /cPmX/ atoparfly /coO/ flew /coI/ flown /coLHm/ voarforget /cL'ZCW/ forgot /cL'ZFW/ forgotten /cL'ZFWm/ esquecerforgive /cL'ZBd/ forgave /cL'ZMd/ forgiven /cL'ZBdm/ perdoarfreeze /cpAh/ froze /cpLHh/ frozen /'cpLHhm/ conxelar(se)get /ZCW/ got /ZFW/ got /ZFW/ conseguir; chegargive /ZBd/ gave /ZMd/ given /ZBdm/ dargo /ZN/ went /rCmW/ gone /ZFm/ irgrow /ZpN/ grew /ZpI/ grown /ZpNm/ crecer, cultivarhang /kæn/ hanged/hung /kænX/kJn/ hanged/hung /kænX/kJn/ pendurarhave /kæd/ had /kæX/ had /kLX/ terhear /kBL/ heard /kKX/ heard /kKX/ oír, ouvirhide /kOX/ hid /kBX/ hidden /'kBXm/ acocharhit /kBW/ hit /kBW/ hit /kBW/ golpear, bater, pegarhold /kNoX/ held /kCoX/ held /kCoX/ suxeitar, termar dehurt /kKW/ hurt /kKW/ hurt /kKW/ ferir, mancarkeep /YAU/ kept /YCUW/ kept /YCUW/ gardar, manterknow /mN/ knew /mqI/ known /mNm/ saber, coñecerlay /oCB/ laid /oCBX/ laid /oCBX/ poñer, pór, estenderlead /oAX/ led /oCX/ led /oCX/ guiar, conducir
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IRREGULAR VERB LIST
Build up 1 Galician © B Burlington Books
BASE FORM (V1) PAST SIMPLE (V2) PAST PARTICIPLE (V3) GALEGO
learn /oKm/ learnt/learned /oKmW/oKmX/ learnt/learned /oKmW/oKmX/ aprenderleave /oAd/ left /oCcW/ left /oCcW/ deixar; marchar, saírlend /oCmX/ lent /oCmW/ lent /oCmW/ emprestarlet /oCW/ let /oCW/ let /oCW/ permitir, deixarlie /oO/ lay /oCB/ lain /oCBm/ tombarse, deitarselie /oO/(regular verb) lied /oOX/ lied /oOX/ mentirlight /oOW/ lit /oBW/ lit /oBW/ acender, prenderlose /oIh/ lost /oFgW/ lost /oFgW/ perdermake /lCBY/ made /lCBX/ made /lCBX/ facer, fabricarmean /lAm/ meant /lCmW/ meant /lCmW/ significar, querer dicir meet /lAW/ met /lCW/ met /lCW/ coñecer a; reunirse, xuntarse conpay /UM/ paid /UMX/ paid /UMX/ pagarput /UHW/ put /UHW/ put /UHW/ poñer, pórread /pAX/ read /pCX/ read /pCX/ lerride /pOX/ rode /pLHX/ ridden /'pBXm/ montarring /pBn/ rang /pæn/ rung /pJn/ chamar, telefonarrise /pOh/ rose /pLHh/ risen /'pBhm/ elevarse, erguerserun /pJm/ ran /pæm/ run /pJm/ corrersay /gM/ said /gCX/ said /gCX/ dicirsee /gA/ saw /gG/ seen /gAm/ versell /gCo/ sold /gLHoX/ sold /gLHoX/ vendersend /gCmX/ sent /gCmW/ sent /gCmW/ enviarset /gCW/ set /gCW/ set /gCW/ colocarshake /iMY/ shook /iHY/ shaken /'iMYLm/ axitarshine /iOm/ shone /iFm/ shone /iFm/ brillar, escintilarshoot /iIW/ shot /iFW/ shot /iFW/ dispararshow /iLH/ showed /iLHX/ shown /iLHm/ amosarshut /iJW/ shut /iJW/ shut /iJW/ pecharsing /gBn/ sang /gæn/ sung /gJn/ cantarsink /gBnY/ sank /gænY/ sunk /gJnY/ afundirsit /gBW/ sat /gæW/ sat /gæW/ sentarsleep /goAU/ slept /goCUW/ slept /goCUW/ durmirsmell /glCo/ smelt/smelled /glCoW/glCoX/ smelt/smelled /glCoW/glCoX/ ulir, cheirarspeak /gUAY/ spoke /gULHY/ spoken /gULHYLm/ falarspell /gUCo/ spelt/spelled /gUCoW/gUCoX/ spelt/spelled /gUCoW/gUCoX/ soletrearspend /gUCmX/ spent /gUCmW/ spent /gUCmW/ gastar; pasar (tempo)stand /gWæmX/ stood /gWHX/ stood /gWHX/ estar a pésteal /gWAo/ stole /gWLHo/ stolen /'gWLHoLm/ roubarstick /gWBY/ stuck /gWJY/ stuck /gWJY/ pegarsweep /grAU/ swept /grCUW/ swept /grCUW/ varrerswim /grBl/ swam /græl/ swum /grJl/ nadartake /WMY/ took /WHY/ taken /'WMYLm/ coller, levarteach /WAa/ taught /WGW/ taught /WGW/ aprender, ensinartear /WCL/ tore /WG/ torn /WGm/ rachar, esgazartell /WCo/ told /WLHoX/ told /WLHoX/ dicir, contarthink /eBnY/ thought /eGW/ thought /eGW/ coidar, pensarthrow /epN/ threw /epI/ thrown /epNm/ guindar, tirarunderstand /JmXC'gWæmX/ understood /JmXC'gWHX/ understood /JmXC'gWHX/ comprender, entenderwake up /rMY'JU/ woke up /rLHY'JU/ woken up /rLHYLm'JU/ espertarwear /rCL/ wore /rG/ worn /rGm/ levar posto, vestirwin /rBm/ won /rJm/ won /rJm/ gañarwrite /pOW/ wrote /pLHW/ written /'pBWm/ escribir
Build up 1 Galician © B Burlington Books 33
WRITING GUIDE
Escríbense con maiúscula:• os nomes propios: Tom Ashton• os nomes de lugares como cidades, países, continentes, edificios famosos, museos, etc.:
London, France, Europe, Madame Tussauds, the British Museum• as nacionalidades: English, Moroccan• os días: Saturday, Tuesday, Thursday• os meses: July, August, November• a primeira palabra dunha oración: We are at school.• o pronome persoal I: I am Russian.• os idiomas: English, French, German
AS MAIÚSCULAS (Capital letters)
Empréganse distintas preposicións diante das horas e os períodos de festa, os días e as datas, os meses, os anos e as partes do día. É moi importante que saibas empregar a axeitada preposición en cada caso. Préstalle atención a estes exemplos:at horas: at four o'clock festividades: at New Yearon días da semana: on Tuesday datas: on 26th November on Christmas Day in meses: in January anos: in 2015 partes do día: in the morning Agás: at the weekend at night
AS PREPOSICIÓNS DE TEMPO (Prepositions of time)
• O punto (.) vai ao final das oracións afirmativas e negativas. Whales live in the ocean. Giraffes don’t eat animals.• O sinal de interrogación (?) ponse ao final das preguntas. Have you got a hamster? Do you like snakes?• O da exclamación (!) tamén se pon ao final da frase para expresar unha emoción ou un sentimento e
para facer fincapé en algo. Wow! This is great!• A coma (,) úsase para separar palabras ou ideas. Polo xeral non se pon diante de and. I’ve got a dog, a cat and a snake.
A PUNTUACIÓN (Punctuation)
Build up 1 Galician © B Burlington Books 34
writing guide
O suxeito da oración ponse diante do verbo. Mark speaks English. They are in the garden. s v s vMais nas preguntas, o verbo vai diante do suxeito. Is Helen tall? Are you at home? v s v s
A ORDE DAS PALABRAS: SUXEITO-VERBO (Word order: Subject – Verb)
Polo xeral van diante dos substantivos. big sandwich great food adx sb adx sbE tamén detrás do verbo to be. The sandwich is big. The food is great. sb adx sb adx
A ORDE DAS PALABRAS: OS ADXECTIVOS (Word order: Adjectives)
Son palabras que unen dúas ou máis ideas.• and (e) une dúas oracións ou ideas semellantes. I can swim and I can dance.• but (pero, mais) une dúas ideas contraditorias entre si. I like basketball but I can’t play it.• because (porque) dá a razón ou causa de algo. I must run because I’m late.
AS CONXUNCIÓNS (Linking words)
Cando contamos unha serie de feitos empregamos estas palabras para amosar a orde en que ocorreron: • first (primeiro, en primeiro lugar) • then (logo, entón, daquela) • next (a continuación) • after that (despois, logo) • finally (finalmente, para rematar)First indica o primeiro que pasou e finally o último. Yesterday I was in town. First, I went shopping. Then, I had lunch with my friends.
After that, I went to a museum. Finally, I went home.
OS CONECTORES DE SECUENCIA (Connectors of sequence)
35 Build up 1 Galician © B Burlington Books
SER ou ESTAR Presente
TO BE Present Simple
SER ou ESTAR Pasado
TO BE Past Simple
eu son / estou
ti es / estás
el, ela é / está
nós somos / estamos
vós sodes / estades
eles, elas son / están
I am
you are
he, she, it is
we are
you are
they are
eu era, fun / estaba, estiven
ti eras, fuches / estabas, estiveches
el, ela era, foi / estaba, estivo
nós eramos, fomos / estabamos, estivemos
vós erades, fostes / estabades, estivestes
eles, elas eran, foron / estaban, estiveron
I was
you were
he, she, it was
we were
you were
they were
Notas
1.- O verbo to be é un verbo auxiliar, polo que para facer a súa negativa abonda con engadirlle not. Para a interrogativa, poñeremos o verbo diante do suxeito.
2.- Traducirémolo por “ser” ou “estar” segundo o contexto. Ademais empregaremos este verbo para dicir a idade dunha persoa: I am twelve years old. (Teño doce anos.)
TER Presente
TO HAVE GOT Present Simple
eu teño
ti tes
el, ela ten
nós temos
vós tedes / tendes
eles, elas teñen
I have got
you have got
he, she, it has got
we have got
you have got
they have got
Notas
1.- O verbo have é un verbo auxiliar, polo que para facer a súa negativa abonda con engadirlle not. Para a interrogativa, poñeremos o verbo have / has / had diante do suxeito, seguido de got.
2.- Nunca se pode utilizar o verbo have got para referírmonos á idade dunha persoa. Para iso, empregaremos o verbo to be.
Cadros resumo das equivalenCias dos tempos verbais entre o inglés e o galego
36 Build up 1 Galician © B Burlington Books
CADROS RESUMO
TEmPOS VERBAiS TENSES OuTRAS EquiVAlENciASPRESENTE PRESENT SimPlE
eu xogoti xogas
el, ela xoganós xogamosvós xogades
eles, elas xogan
I playyou play
he, she, it playswe playyou playthey play
PERÍFRASE PRESENT cONTiNuOuS FuTuRO: PERÍFRASEeu estou a xogar / xogandoti estás a xogar / xogando
el, ela está a xogar / xogandonós estamos a xogar / xogandovós estades a xogar / xogando
eles, elas están a xogar / xogando
I am playingyou are playing
he, she, it is playingwe are playingyou are playingthey are playing
eu vou xogarti vas xogar
el, ela vai xogarnós imos xogarvós ides xogar
eles, elas van xogar
FuTuRE: BE GOING TOI am going to play
you are going to playhe, she, it is going to play
we are going to playyou are going to playthey are going to play
PRETÉRiTO imPERFEcTO PAST SimPlE PRETÉRiTO PERFEcTOeu xogabati xogabas
el, ela xogabanós xogabamosvós xogabades
eles, elas xogaban
I playedyou played
he, she, it playedwe playedyou playedthey played
eu xogueiti xogaches
el, ela xogounós xogamosvós xogastes
eles, elas xogaron
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