goosebery and currant

7/28/2019 Goosebery and Currant

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Gooseberries and CurrantsGooseberries and Currants

Kirk W. Pomper, Ph.D.Kirk W. Pomper, Ph.D.

Principal Investigator of Horticulture/ Kentucky State UniversitPrincipal Investigator of Horticulture/ Kentucky State UniversitAdjunct Assistant Professor of Horticulture/ Univ. of KentuckyAdjunct Assistant Professor of Horticulture/ Univ. of Kentucky


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Currants and Currants and

gooseberries (gooseberries ( Ribes Ribes ) are) are berry producing shrubs berry producing shrubs Types of currants: red,Types of currants: red,

white, and black white, and black American and EuropeanAmerican and European

gooseberries range fromgooseberries range fromgreen to yellow, or red green to yellow, or red

when ripewhen ripe


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Plants are hardy,Plants are hardy,

easy to groweasy to grow Fruit makesFruit makes

excellent juices,excellent juices,wines, cassis, jams,wines, cassis, jams, jellies, preserves, jellies, preserves,and piesand pies


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Nutritional Information on Currants

Black currants are high in anthocyanins, totalBlack currants are high in anthocyanins, total phenolics and antioxidant capacity (Moyer et al., phenolics and antioxidant capacity (Moyer et al.,2002a, 2002b).2002a, 2002b).

Hummer and Barney (2002) in HortTechnology 12:377Hummer and Barney (2002) in HortTechnology 12:377


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Hummer and Barney (2002) in HortTechnology 12:377Hummer and Barney (2002) in HortTechnology 12:377

North American currant production is small and unreported North American currant production is small and unreported

on the world market.on the world market.

Currants were grown widely in the U.S. and during the lateCurrants were grown widely in the U.S. and during the late1800s and early 1900s, when production was halted because1800s and early 1900s, when production was halted becauseof white pine blister rust.of white pine blister rust.


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Planting Gooseberries and CurrantsPlanting Gooseberries and Currants

Plants prefer a cool moistPlants prefer a cool moist

soil, wellsoil, well --drained, or a richdrained, or a richclay loam soil (pH 6 to 7.5)clay loam soil (pH 6 to 7.5)

Currants: 2Currants: 2 --44 spacingspacingGooseberries: 4Gooseberries: 4 --55 spacingspacingIrrigation is helpful inIrrigation is helpful in

summer in Kentuckysummer in Kentucky


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Pruning Gooseberries and CurrantsProduce the majority of their fruit on 2 and 3Produce the majority of their fruit on 2 and 3 --year year --old old shoots, and Shoots 4 years and older produce very littleshoots, and Shoots 4 years and older produce very littlefruit.fruit.After the first growing season, remove all but 6 to 8After the first growing season, remove all but 6 to 8vigorous, healthy shoots.vigorous, healthy shoots.The following year, leave 4 or 5 oneThe following year, leave 4 or 5 one --year year --old shoots and old shoots and 3 or 4 two3 or 4 two --year year --old canes.old canes.

After the third growing season, keep 3 or 4 shoots eachAfter the third growing season, keep 3 or 4 shoots eachof oneof one --, two, two --, and three, and three --year year --old growth.old growth.Prune in late winter or early springPrune in late winter or early spring


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Gooseberry and Currant YieldsGooseberry and Currant Yields

GooseberriesGooseberries

)) 4 years to full4 years to full production production)) about 4about 4 --5 quarts per 5 quarts per bush bush

CurrantsCurrants

)) 4 years to full4 years to full production production

)) about 3about 3 --4 quarts per 4 quarts per bush bush


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Gooseberry and Currant PestsGooseberry and Currant Pests

Diseases and PestsDiseases and PestsWhite pine blister rustWhite pine blister rust

Powdery mildewPowdery mildew

SeptoriaSeptoria leaf spotleaf spot

Currant aphid Currant aphid

Currant fruit flyCurrant fruit fly

Currant borer Currant borer

Red Lake Currant with mildew


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White Pine Blister RustWhite Pine Blister Rust

Early in the 1900's, white pine blister rust became aEarly in the 1900's, white pine blister rust became aserious disease problem in the United Statesserious disease problem in the United States

White pine blister rust requires both a Ribes species and White pine blister rust requires both a Ribes species and white pine to complete its life cyclewhite pine to complete its life cycle

In an attempt to prevent the spread of white pine blister In an attempt to prevent the spread of white pine blister rust, the federal government banned the planting and rust, the federal government banned the planting and cultivation of currants and gooseberries early in thecultivation of currants and gooseberries early in the

twentieth centurytwentieth centuryThe federal government lifted the ban in 1966 and thereThe federal government lifted the ban in 1966 and there

are now currants and gooseberries that are resistant toare now currants and gooseberries that are resistant towhite pine blister rustwhite pine blister rust


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WPBR on currantWPBR on currant WPBR on PineWPBR on Pine


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White Pine Blister Rust

Plant 1000 to 3000 ft from thePlant 1000 to 3000 ft from thenearest susceptible pines.nearest susceptible pines.The black currant cultivars:The black currant cultivars:

Consort, Coronet, Crusader, and Consort, Coronet, Crusader, and Titania are rustTitania are rust --immune.immune.


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Birds

Robins love black currants and pink Robins love black currants and pink gooseberriesgooseberries

Netting NettingBird alarmsBird alarms


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Gooseberries


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Hinnomaki Red

Excellent raspberryExcellent raspberryflavor flavor --tarttartRed berry when ripeRed berry when ripe

Crunchy textureCrunchy textureGood diseaseGood diseaseresistanceresistance


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Hinnomaki Red

Low growingLow growinghabithabit

Wire?Wire?


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Amish Red

Good flavor Good flavor

Red berryRed berrywhen ripewhen ripeGood texture?Good texture?Good diseaseGood diseaseresistanceresistance

Limited Limited availabilityavailability


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Poorman

Good flavor Good flavor Red berryRed berrywhen ripewhen ripe

Good fruitGood fruittexture?texture?Less diseaseLess disease

resistanceresistanceLeaf spotLeaf spot


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Pixwell

Red Red -- pink when pink whenriperipe

Berries hangBerries hang below thorns, below thorns,easier to pick easier to pick

Not much flavor Not much flavor Mushy textureMushy texture


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Other Gooseberries Planted at KSUInvictaInvicta green berrygreen berry -- poor survival poor survival

Jahns PrairieJahns Prairie --red berryred berry --leaf spot problemsleaf spot problems

Captivator Captivator --red berryred berry --leaf spot problemsleaf spot problems


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New Gooseberries to Try:

Tixia (Rafz Switerland, 1990) has large(similar to Invicta), bright red fruit; elongated and quite smooth that ripens mid-season. In additionto the attractive fruit, Tixia one year shoots havefew thorns and the thorns are relatively soft;

usually as single thorns with very few, if any, onthe upper part of shoots. Growth is medium tostrong, upright. NY


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Gooseberries at KSU Cultivar Approximate

harvest dateYears inthe field

Yield z

Berryweight

(g) y Vigor x

WPBR

resistance w

Resistanceto powdery

mildew v

SeptoLeaf Sp

KSUGooseberriesAmish Red Mid-June 5 7 2.4 VG R G G

Captivator Mid-June 4 2 3.5 VG R G PInvicta Mid-June 5 1 3.5 P R G PJahns Prairie Mid-June 4 2 3.8 VG R G PHinnomaki Red Mid-June 5 8 2.9 VG R VG GPixwell Mid-June 5 7 1.3 EX R VG PPoorman Mid-June 5 4 3.1 VG R G F


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Black Currants

TitaniaTitania(US Plant Patent No. 11,439)(US Plant Patent No. 11,439)(Altajskaja Desertraja x(Altajskaja Desertraja x[Consort x Kajaanin Musta][Consort x Kajaanin Musta] --Tamas)Tamas)

Titania is immune to WhiteTitania is immune to WhitePine Blister Rust and hasPine Blister Rust and has

resistance to powdery mildew.resistance to powdery mildew.Fruit size is large, similar toFruit size is large, similar toBen Lomond, and fruit qualityBen Lomond, and fruit qualityis good.is good.


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Black Currants

Ben LomondBen Lomond

([Consort x Magnus] x([Consort x Magnus] x[Brodtorp x Janslunda][Brodtorp x Janslunda] --SCRI, 1972).SCRI, 1972).The "standard" for commercial juice

production.

Some resistance to mildew.Some resistance to mildew.

Susceptible to White PineSusceptible to White PineBlister Rust.Blister Rust.


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Black Currants

Ben Sarek Ben Sarek (Scandanavia, 1984)(Scandanavia, 1984)is somewhat resistantis somewhat resistantto white pine blister to white pine blister rust.rust.

Its compact bushIts compact bushsize, productivity,size, productivity,

very large fruit and very large fruit and ease of hand harvest.ease of hand harvest.


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Black Currants at KSU'Crandell'

Discovered by R.W. Crandall, Newton, Kansas, introduced in

1888. North American native species, Ribes aureum var. villosum , alsoknown as the clove currant.

Bright yellow spring flowers.Fruit is mild, sweet, pleasant, and very different from European black currants.Performs well in hot summers,resistant to white pine blister rust,and no damage from powderymildew.


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Black Currants at KSU Cultivar Approximate


Yield z

Berryweight

(g) y Vigor x

WPBR

resistance w


mildew v

SeptorLeaf Spo

KSUBlack CurrantsCrandall Early-July 5 8 1.3 VG R VG GBen Sarek Late-June 5 8 1.4 VG S VG G

Ben Lomond Late-June 5 8 1.4 VG S VG GConsort Mid-June 5 7 0.8 EX R P GCrusader Mid-June 5 7 0.8 EX R P G

(Titania is the best bet for planting)


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Red and White Currants


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Currants Planted at KSUWhite CurrantsWhite Currants

'Primus''Primus''White Imperial'White Imperial --susp. WPBR susp. WPBR -- old old

variety that was introduced in 1895.variety that was introduced in 1895.

Red CurrantsRed Currants'Red Lake''Red Lake' --susp. WPBR, quitesusp. WPBR, quite

susceptible to mildewsusceptible to mildew'Jonkeer Van Tets''Jonkeer Van Tets''Redstart''Redstart'


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Red Currants to Consider

RovadaRovada Introduced from the Netherlands, in 1980.Introduced from the Netherlands, in 1980.Susceptible to powdery mildew and Susceptible to powdery mildew and

somewhat susceptible to white pine blister somewhat susceptible to white pine blister rust.rust.

VikingViking Introduced form Norway in 1945.Introduced form Norway in 1945.Moderately resistant to powdery mildew.Moderately resistant to powdery mildew.Hypersensitive resistance to white pineHypersensitive resistance to white pine

blister rust. blister rust.


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Currants to Consider:Pink Champagne has

beautiful translucent pink fruit of good quality and flavor. It is best suited for home gardens as it is easy to

grow but not a terrificyielder. It has a vigorousupright growth habit and isresistant to leaf diseases. NYPowdery mildew present in2006 in KY


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Cultivar Approximate


Yield z

Berryweight

(g) y Vigor x

WPBR

resistance w


mildew v

SeptorLeaf Spo

KSUWhite CurrantsPrimus Mid-June 5 3 0.6 VG R F GWhite Imperial Mid-June 5 4 0.6 VG S F G

Red CurrantsJonkeer Van Tets Mid-June 5 3 0.8 G R F GRed Lake Mid-June 5 3 0.6 G S P GRedstart Mid-June 5 3 0.5 G R F G

Red and White Currants at KSU


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JostaberriesBlack Currant-Gooseberry Hybrids


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JostaberriesJostaJosta (Germany,(Germany,

1977)1977)

This thornless plantThis thornless plantis resistant to grayis resistant to graymold, mildew and mold, mildew and

white pine blister white pine blister rust.rust.

Net Net --likelike russetingrusseting ononthe leaf surface hasthe leaf surface hasnot been associated not been associated

with any insect or with any insect or pathogen. pathogen.


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JostaberriesORUS 10 (Oregon,ORUS 10 (Oregon,

1960)1960)The plant is vigorous,The plant is vigorous,

thorny, and is resistantthorny, and is resistantto gray mold, mildew,to gray mold, mildew,and white pine blister and white pine blister

rust.rust.Good flavor Good flavor


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JostaberriesORUS 8 (Oregon,ORUS 8 (Oregon,

1960)1960)The plant is vigorous,The plant is vigorous,

thorny, and is resistantthorny, and is resistantto gray mold, mildew,to gray mold, mildew,and white pine blister and white pine blister

rust.rust.Susceptible to leaf spot!Susceptible to leaf spot!


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Cultivar Approximate


Yield z

Berryweight

(g) y Vigor x WPBR

resistance w


mildew v

SeptoriaLeaf Spot a

KSU u Jostaberry

Josta Mid-June 5 2 1.7 EX R G GORUS8 Mid-June 4 2 1.5 EX R VG GORUS10 Mid-June 5 4 1.5 EX R VG G

Jostaberries at KSU


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Summary

Gooseberries and currants have potential for sale atGooseberries and currants have potential for sale atfarmers markets in Kentucky.farmers markets in Kentucky.Kentucky recommendations:Kentucky recommendations:

The gooseberries cultivarsThe gooseberries cultivars Hinnomaki Red Hinnomaki Red and and Amish ReAmish Re

perform well with low input culture perform well with low input culture)) PoormanPoorman should also be considered.should also be considered.The black currant cultivarsThe black currant cultivars TitainaTitaina (with 5 needle pines(with 5 needle pines

nearby) and nearby) and Ben Lomond Ben Lomond (W/O Pines).(W/O Pines).The red currant cultivarsThe red currant cultivars RovadaRovada and and Jonkeer Van TetsJonkeer Van Tets ..The white currant cultivar The white currant cultivar White ImperialWhite Imperial or or Primus.Primus.The Jostaberry cultivar The Jostaberry cultivar ORUS 10ORUS 10 ..


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