Government Polytechnic Palanpur

Certificate

This is a to certify that Mr.Ashish K.Mudithiya (S-131607030), Mr.Keval B.Prajapati (S-131607020),Mr.Ashok B. Chauhan (S-131607022), Mr.Bhavesh K.Prajapati (S-131607005) of pragramme DECE has satisfactorily complete the term work in code no. EC-506 within four walls of G.P.Palanpur.

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GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC,PALANPUR.

DATE OF SUBMISSION :

STAFF IN CHARGE :

HEAD OF DEPARTMENT :

AKNOWLEDGEMENT

In this sincerely, there are many inventions found by scientists in all type of fields. Communication is one of these field which can erase our load of work as a good working device. Today communication must be present in all type of terms. Our project of INFRA-RED SECURITY ALARM is same about that information in electronic & communication.

It is great pleasure for us to place our project on the hand of Shri.D.S.Ahir & Shri.J.J.Parmar under whose valualable guidance and teaching abilities we are able to prepare this project. We here by express our sincere gratitude to them for sparing their valuable time and providing us help at every stage of the project.

We wish to pay special Thanks to Prof. N.M.Santoki(HOD-EC),Shri D.S.Ahir And J.J.Parmar sir for the guidance & granting us the Project.

YOURS SINCERELY:Mudethiya Ashish K.Prajapati Keval B.Chauhan Ashok BPrajapati Bhavesh K.

INTRODUCTION

Engineering means making what we need from what we have got. We have to think over the equipment Surrounding us and their proper sue .A project means it is a students activity design. planned performed by a student or group of students to achieve declared learning objective with in than framework of educational project.

It is used for communication between transmitter & receiver. When we speak in microphone it transmitted by laser touch and this signal is received by sensor. This will be listen by loudspeaker.

TRANSMITTER

Transmitter circuit uses 74LS14 IC. WhichWhich is a smitch trigger IC. It is used to generate 40 KHz. Signal IR transmit 40 KHz. Signal register R2, capacitor C1 and diode D1 is used to exact 40KHz signal. Adjust P1 four maximum range. Red

LED shows that power supply is on when the brightness of LED decreases. Change the battery for power proper operation.

RECEIVER

Receiver circuit operated at 5Vdc and it is derive from power supply circuit. Transformer converts 230Vac to 12Vac and the 12Vac is converted into dc by diode D1 and D2 bit filtered by capacitor C1.IC3 gives regulated 5Vdc to other ckt. INFRA-RED rec. module detected 40 KHz signal that is transmitted from transmitter ckt. When transmitter is on IR sensor gets 40 KHz signal and output is low when some breaks the signal IR sensor does not get signal & its o/p go to high level. This o/p level is used to drive the transmitter. Green LED shows the ON time period. Output is available means buzzer is ON for approximately 10 sec. After 10 sec. ckt is reset automatically & it is ready to detect other object.

PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD

PCB is piece of plastic insulating board on the one side of which a complete layout diagram of an electronics circuit consisting of copper conducting path is printed by a special photo engraving process. On other side PCB electronic components like register , capacitor ,transistor, diode etc. are mounted. Suitable holes are provided in the PCB for mounting the components. These components are connected to the conducting path by soldering. PCB’s are used for assembling electronic circuit, assembly more compact, uniform and stable. Before mounting the PCB should be examined conducting path. In this infra-red security alarm 2 PCB are used , one for transmitter and another for receiver.

APPLICATION OF PCB

1. PCB’s are used in consumer electronic item’s like amplifier, multivibrator, siren circuit’s etc.2. For telecommunication, instrument and control and in microprocessor kit 3. In power electronic ,industrial electronic instrument’s. 4. For aerospace and military instrument to get maximum perfection.5. In medical electronic for manufacturing X-Ray machine echo circuit etc.6. Very low power consumption :

Wide supply voltage range : 3V to 15V. Noise margin : 1V. High noise immunities : 0.45Vcc Low power compatibility : fan out of two driving 74l.

DISADVANTAGE OF PCB

Manufacturing of PCB requires special practice. It also requires particular instrument.

1.PCB manufacturing for small scale is very costly.2.Designing of PCB is very time consisting. 3.Trouble shooting of PCB is very difficult.

SOLDERING

It is easy to make a good solder CONNECTION IF YOU FOLLOW THESE SIMPLE RULES.

1. Use right type of soldering iron. A small efficient soldering iron is ideal for circuit board work pencil bit tone model STC 101 soldering iron works best. The soldering iron will reach to its operating temp. within 3-5 minute after it is switched ON during the working period.

2. Keep the hot tip of the soldering iron on the piece of metal so that excess heat is dissipated.

3. Make sure that the connection to be soldered is clean wax trapped insulation.

4. Use just enough ,solder to cover the lead and the copper foil area of the connection to be soldered.

5. Remember large metal surface take longer time to heat e.g. clamp of IFTs gang logs etc.

CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

CIRCUIT COMPONENT

PART LIST (TRANSMITTER UNIT)

Resistor Capacitor Semiconductor MiscellaneousR1: 680ΩR2:100KΩR3:47ΩR5,R11:18KΩR6,R10:10KΩR7:27KΩR12:47ΩP1:10KΩ(PRESET)R4,R8,R9:NOT USE

C1:10ųF 50 VOLTC2:1KPF(102)C3:100KPF(104)C4:100KPF(104)C5:2.2ųF 50VOLT

T1:2N2222AIC 1:74LS14

14 PIN SOCKETL1:RED LEDL2:INFRA-RED LED2 CELL HOLDER

PART LIST (RECEIVER UNIT)

Receiver Capacitor Semiconductor MiscellaneousR1:220KΩR2:10KΩR3:100KΩR4:1KΩP1:1MΩ

C1:1000ųF 25VC3:100ųF 25VC2,C4,C5: 0.1 (104)C6:10ųF 50V

D1,D2,D3:IN4007D4:IN4148D5:GREEN LEDIC 1:74LS93IC 2:74LS14IC3:7805T 1:CL100

14 PIN IC SOCKETINFRA-RED RECEIVER MODULETRANSFORMER 12-0-12/500mABUZZER

RESISTOR

Resistor is a property of conductor that depends upon upon of it dimension, material temperature and with determine the current resolution from given potential difference across resistance. It is the voltage, which makes resistance value can fall or increased due to temperature time, moisture and hit dissipation. Resistor are available in many times, but in our case we use a carbon cracked film resistor.

This resistor in different voltage ranges the value normally range between 10 ohms to 20 Mega ohms.

At here resistor is used to reduce a voltage or reduce power. the value of resistor’s calculated by color codes.

COLOUR CODE OF RESISTORS

COLOUR VALUEBLACKBROWNREDORANGEYELLOW GREENBLUEVIOLETGRAY WHITE

0123456789

APPLICATION OF RESISTORS

1. To establish power values of circuit.2. To limit the current.3. To provide load.

* CAPACITOR:These capacitors are called electrolyte because they use

electrolyte as negative plates. * CONSTRUCTION:

The electrolyte capacitors classed as polarized capacitor i.e. they must be connect in the circuit according to the (+)&(-).

* FUNCTION: The function of this capacitor is filtering when we apply a planting voltage to this capacitor. This capacitor charges and remains charged for some time which is the time equal to the RC time constant by the values of resistor and capacitor of the circuit. Here we are using time constant is much higher that the capacitor remains charges until the second pulse comes across it. In construction of this capacitor the negative terminal is made short while positive terminal is made long. In most of electrolyte, the negative terminal is indicated by negative since.

LIGHT EMITTING DIODE

When PN junction is forward biased electrons in N-region combine the holes in P-region free electrons are in the conduction band and holes are in the valence band. Thus electron go to lower energy level from the higher energy level. So, when combination of electrons and holes occurs, energy is radiated in the form of heat and LED arrangement is made such that the energy radiated is in the form of light, colour of the light radiated depends upon the material of LED.

CONSTRUCTION

N-type special layer is grown on the substrate. P-region is formed over it by the diffusion process, recombination of the charge carries take place in P-region is kept on the upper side lead is taken out from the P-type material such that the light is not constructed. In the symbol, the arrow point to the outward side which indicate that the light is emit.

Semiconductor material used in semi-transparent. It is gallium arsenide (GaAs) or gallium arsenide phosphide (GaAaS) or gallium phosphide (GaP). Red or yellow light is radiated when GaSaP is used green light is radiated with GaP and invisible Infra-Red radiation corns out when GaSaP is used. Round LEDs are available with 3mm or 5mm or more in diameter, rectangular type LEDs are also available which are used in graph indicators.

WORKING

LED is forward biased to bring it into action. Minimum of 10 mA. Current should be passed through it. Value of current can be kept between 10 mA to 25 mA due to forward biased. Electrons from N-type material go from the conduction band and recombine the holes in the holes in the valence band of P-type material. So energy in the form of light is radiated.

DIODE

It is to two terminal device consisting of a P-N junction formed either in Ge or Si crystal.We have used IN-4007 and zener diode 5.1%.Here 4007 corresponds to color bands.

WORKING : A P-N junction diode is a one way device offering resistance. When forward biased and having almost as an insulator is reverse biased hence such diode are mostly use as rectifiers. APPLICATION : 1. As power or rectifier diode they convert AC to DC.

2. As a signal diodes for communication circuit, for modulation and de-modulation of small signals.

3. As zener diode used in voltage in stabilization circuits.

4. In logic circuit used in computers.

TRANSFORMER

A transformer is static piece of apparatus by means to which electric power is one circuit is transformed into electric power of the same frequency in another circuit.

In brief a transformer is a device that transfers electric power from one circuit to another circuit.

It does so without a change of frequency, it does without by electro-magnetic induction. where the to electric circuit are in mutual inductive influence of each other.

In our circuit we have used 230V, 0-12V transformer, which is then rectified by rectifier circuit then number of turns and voltage is determined by

N1/N2HE2/E1 Transformers are available in 230V- 0-6V

230V - 0-9V230V - 0-12V.

BUZZER

A buzzer or beeper is a signaling device, usually electronic, typically in used in auto-mobiles, household appliances such as microwave oven , game shows.

It most commonly consists of number of switches or sensor connected to control unit that determine if and which button was pushed or preset time has lapsed, and usually illuminates a light on the appropriate button or control panel, and sounds a warning in the form of a continuous or intermittent buzzing or beeping sound. Initially this device was based on an electromechanical system was identical to an electric bell without the metal gang (which makes the ringing noise )

Nowadays, it is more popular to use a ceramic based piezoelectric sounder like a sonalert which makes a high pitched tone. Usually these were hooked up to driver circuits which varied the pitch of the sound or pulsed the sound ON & OFF.

In game show it is also known as a Lock out system, because one person signals, all other are locked out from signaling. Several game show have large buzzer buttons which are identified as “Plungers”.

Some people use the word buzzer as to describe a person who is able to create a big buzz around a brand, event or a company.

CONCLUSION

After completing this project work, we are very much happy and would we thanks to Prof. D.S. Ahir and also our Principal Shri N. M. santoki, who guide us to made our project successfully.

We learn same technical knowledge which is important in selection of electronics component and used instruments in proper way. We also very much thanks full to TEB for selecting project work as one of the subject.