grade 7 unit m.1 particulate nature of matter · pdf filegrade 7 unit m.1 particulate nature...

Grade 7 Unit M.1 Particulate Nature of Matter

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THE THREE STATES OF MATTER

Every substance can exist in three states: gas, liquid, and solid

Air is gas.

Water is liquid and it can be a solid (ice), or a gas (steam). .رزاخذ اىبدح ف ثالس زبالد اىصيجخ اىسبئيخ اىغبصخ

اىاء غبص ارا ر رجشذ ن ا زسه اى سبئو زز

.اى صيت

ا غبص ( ثيح)اىبء سبئو ن ا زسه اى صيت

.(اىجخبس)

Key Words:

Solid صيت

Liquid سبئو

Gas غبص

Remain جق Volume زد Shape ضنو

Molecules خضئبد Definite سذد

Curriculum Standards: 7.11.1, 7.11.2, 7.11.3, 7.11.4

Objectives

1-Know that solids remain the same volume and shape.

.اىبدح اىصيجخ ثبثذ ال زغش ؼشفخ أ زد ضنو

2-Know that liquids remain the same volume but take up the shape of

the container. .ا ضني أخز ضنو اإلبء اىز ضغ فؼشفخ ا زد اىبدح اىسبئيخ ثبثذ ال زغش ث

3-Know that gases expand to fill any container they are placed in.

.ؼشفخ أ اىغبص زذد ىأل أ ئبء ضغ ف


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Properties of solid, liquid and gas خصبئص اىاد اىصيجخ اىسبئيخ اىغبصخ :

Gas

غبص

Liquid

سبئو

Solid

صيتTake the shape and

the volume of any

container they are

placed in أخز ضنو زد اإلبء اىز

.ضغ ف

Spread out quickly. زطش ثطنو سشغ

Are very easy to pass

through. . اىسو خذا اىشس خالى

Are easy to compress . اىسو ضغط

Remain the

same volume

but take up

the shape of

the container. ى زد ثبثذ ىن أخز ضنو اإلبء

اىز ضغ ف

Can be poured. ن صج

Are quite easy to pass

through. .اىسو اىشس خالى

Are very difficult to

compress. . اىصؼت خذا ضغط

Remain the same

volume and shape. ى زد ضنو ثبثذ

Stay where they

are put. جق ف اىنب اىز ضغ ف

Are difficult to

pass through. . اىصؼت اىشس خالى

Can’t be compressed

or squashed. .ال ن ضغط


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Worksheet

A- Fill in the blanks: :اىفشاغبد اىزبىخ هأم

1- There are ……………….. states of matter ………...., ……………. And

……………… .........................، .......................،...................زبالد ىيبدح ...............بك

2- The liquid has a definite ……………..but it has not definite…………….. ثبثذ.....................ثبثذ ىن ىس ىب.......................ىيبدح اىسبئيخ

3- …………………..and ………………..are easy to pass through. . اىسو اىشس خالىب..............................................

4- …………………..can’t be compressed. ال ن ضغطب...................اىبدح

B- Match between column A and column B ث اىؼد صو

A B

Solids صيت

Remain the same volume but take up the shape

of the container. جق ثفس اىسد ىن أخز ضنو االبء

Liquids سبئو

Remain the same volume and shape. جق ثفس اىطنو اىسد

Gases غبص

Expand to fill any container they are placed in.

.زذد ىأل اإلبء اىز ضغ ف


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Key Words:

Particles خضئبد

Force قح

Quickly ثسشػخ

Randomly ػطائ Attraction ردبرة Far apart ثؼذح Close قشجخ

Objectives

1-Know and site evidence for the movements of particles in

solids, liquids and gases. .ؼشفخ رقذ ادىخ ػي زشمخ اىدضئبد ف اىبدح اىصيجخ اىسبئيخ اىغبصخ

2- Draw diagrams represent particles in solids, liquids and

gases. .ف اىاد اىصيجخ اىسبئيخ اىغبصخ سس خطظ ثو اىدضئبد


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This diagram shows particles in solid ,liquid and gas.

.اىغبصخ ثو زا اىطنو اىدضئبد ف اىبدح اىصيجخ اىسبئيخ

1. In solids: :ف اىبدح اىصيجخ

a. Particles are very close together. ثؼضب اىجؼض خذا اىدضئبد قشجخ

b. The forces of attraction between particles is very strong. .خذامجشح قح اىزدبرة ث اىدضئبد

c. The only movement particles can make is vibration.

.اىسشمخ اىزذح ىيدضئبد االزضاص

2. In liquids: :ف اىبدح اىسبئيخ

a. Particles are close together. اىدضئبد قشجخ ثؼضب اىجؼض

b. The force of attraction between particlaes is strong but

less than in solid. .قح اىزدبرة ث اىدضئبد اقو ب ف اىبدح اىصيجخ

c. Particles can move around each other. رزسشك اىدضئبد زه ثؼضب اىجؼض .

3. In gases: :بدح اىغبصخف اه

a. Particles are very far apart. اىدضئبد ثؼذح ػ ثؼضب اىجؼض

b. The force between particles is very weak.

.قح اىزدبرة ث اىدضئبد ضؼفخ خذا

c. Particles are moving very quickly in all directions (randomly).

.ف مو االردببد ثطنو ػطائ ػخرسزطغ اىدضئبد ا رزسشك ثسش


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Worksheet

A- Draw diagrams to represent the following: ب ي اسس:

The particles in solids اىدضئبد ف اىبدح اىصيجخ

The particles in liquids اىدضئبد ف اىبدح اىسبئيخ

The particles in gases ح اىغبصخ اىدضئبد ف اىبد

B- Complete the following: :ب ي أمو

1. In solids forces of attraction between the particles are……………………….

...........................في المواد الصلبة قوى التجبذة بين الجسيئبت

.

2. In gases particles moving………………………………….

................................الجسيئبت تتحركفي الغبزات

C- Put(T)or(F) then correct the underlined words:

ث صسر اىنيبد اىز رسزب خظػالخ صر ا خطأ ضغ

1. The particles of gas are very close together, they vibrate ( )

) (هب البعض وتتحرك ببالهتساز قريبة جدا من بعض الغبزات الجسيئبت في

……………………………………………………………

2. Particles of solid are moving very quickly in a random way ( )

……………………………………………………………

( ) سريعة وبشكل عشوائي الصلبة تتحرك حركة الموادجسيئبت


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How a Liquid Evaporates When a liquid evaporates, it changes into a gas.

The diagram shows how a liquid evaporates.

Heating a liquid makes it evaporate faster, because

when we heat liquid, particles will have enough

energy to escape. م رغبدس سطر اىسبئوافخ هاىسبئو رصجر ىذ اىدضئبد طبقخ ك ػذ رسخ

A- Complete: :أمي

1- When water changes to steam, its state changes

from…………………….to……………………… ........................ئى اىسبىخ.....................ػذب زسه اىبء ئى ثخبس فا زسه اىسبىخ

2- Matter changes its state when…………………….is added or removed.

................................. تتغير حالة المادة عند اضافة واو ازالة

B- Explain why? ىبرا؟ فسش

When we get out of the sea we often feel colder than when swimming

زش فاب ػبدح ب سس ثبىجشد امثش ب مب سجرػذب خشج اىت

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Objectives:

1-Explain in terms of the particle model the evaporation of liquids. .فسش رجخش اىسائو ف ضء اىظشخ اىدضئخ


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Diffusion in a Gas: :اإلزطبس ف اىغبص

If somebody spills some perfume in your

classroom, you soon know about it. This is

because perfume molecules are mixed with the

gas molecules in the air.

The spreading out of a perfume in air is called

diffusion. ئرا اسنجذ غشضخ ػطش ف اىفصو فال سشػب ب رؼي ثزىل رىل أل خضئبد اىؼطش رخزيظ

.اىؼطش ف اىاء س االزطبس زشمخ. خضئبد اىاءة

Diffusion in a Liquid: :ف اىسائو ساإلزطب

When you put a drop of ink in water, the ink will start

to mix with the water molecules, and the colour will

spread out. This is caused by the movement of the ink

molecules and the water molecules. This is called

diffusion. ثسجت ف اىبء رىل ػذ ضغ قطشح اىسجش ف اىبء زطش اىي

.س ازطبس زشمخ خضئبد اىسجش زشمخ خضئبد اىبء رىل

When a colored crystal is put into agar jelly, the colour

spreads out because molecules from the crystal break away

from the crystal and spread through the agar.

ػذ ضغ ثيسح ي ػي طجقخ األخبس فا اىي زطش ثسجت افصبه خضئبد اىجيسح

. ازطبسب ث خضئبد األخبس

Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of high

concentration to an area of low concentration.


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Worksheet

Q1: Complete the following: ي ب أمو :

1- In diffusion molecules move from area with…………………..

concentration to area with…………………….. concentration ..................إلى التركيز........................في االنتشار تتحرك الجزيئات من المنطقة ذات التركيز

Q2: Explain the following:

A- When food is being cooked in the kitchen, it can be smelled in

other rooms in the house? . فسر لماذا عند طبخ الطعام في المطبخ يمكن شم رائحته في الغرف األخرى من المنزل

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

B- Diffusion happens only in gases and liquids. يحدث االنتشار فقط في السوائل والغازات

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….


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Expansion of Solids: :رذد اىاد اىصيجخExperiment 1-

This metal bar will just fit into the gap when they are

both cold. ة اىؼذ زبست غ اىفزسخ ثبسدزا اىقض

1- Heat the bar with a Bunsen burner. سخ اىقضت

2- Does it fit the gap now? و سزبست غ اىفزسخ؟

3- What happen when it cools down? اىز سسذس ػذ رجشذ اىؼد؟ ا

Experiment 2 -

This metal ball will just slip through the metal ring when they

are both cold. ز اىنشح رش ثسىخ خاله اىسيقخ ارا مب مالب ثبسدا

When we heat the ball it will grow bigger (expand), so it will

not slip through the ring. زيقخى رش خاله اه رزذد ػذ رسخ اىنشح سف

When it cools down it gets smaller. We say it contracts. (رنص) شح اخش ػذب رجشد اىنشح فا زدب سف قو

It is difficult to see this change in size because it is so small. . اىصؼت سؤخ اىزغش ف اىسد أل ن صغش خذا

Key Words:

Expansion اىزذد

Contract االنبش

Objectives:

Explain in terms of the particle model thermal expansion.

. فسش اىزذد اىسشاس ف ضء اىظشخ اىدضئخ


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Expansion can cause trouble: اىزذد ن ا سجت اىطبمو :

1-Bridges are often made of big steel bars when

they got hotter, they get longer.

.صغ اىدسش اػذح ؼذخ رزذد ػذب رسخ ف اىصف

2-Roads are often made of large concrete slabs

with expansion gaps between them. ضغ ف اىطاسع صفبئر االسذ ثب فشاغبد ألب

.سف رزذد ف اىصف

3- Glass beakers sometimes crack if boiling water is put

in them. ف ثؼض األزب رنسش أماة اىضخبج ػذ صت اىبء اىغي فب

Expansion of Liquids: ائواىزذد ف اىس:

Experiment:

We need three glass bottles flasks with the same size and have narrow

tubes coming out of the top. أزضش ثالثخ داسق ثأػبق ضقخ

1- Fill them with three different liquids up to the

same level. ب ثثالثخ سائو خزيفخايئ

2- Put them in a dish and then fill the dish with hot

water. ضؼ ف ػبء ث بء زبس

What happens? برا سذس؟

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Expansion of Gases;

Experiment:

Get a glass flask with a rubber bung and a tube as in the

diagram. Dip the end of the tube in a beaker of water and

then warm the flask with your hands.

؟سخ اىاء ثذك، برا رالزظ االجثخ ف اىبء اىصسح ث ضغاىدبص مب ف خض

Liquids expand more than solids . اىسائو رزذد امثش اىغبصد


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Worksheet

A- Complete: : أمو

1- Liquids expand more than................ .................اىسائو رزذد امثش

2- The act of increasing (something) in size or volume is

called.......................... ....................ح زد اىبدح سصبد

B- The water in a tube is heated, as shown in the

diagram. As the water is heated, the balloon increases in

size. Explain why. مب ضر ف اىشس ر رسخ اىبء ف األجثخ، ػذ

ىبرا؟ اىبء فا اىجبى زفخ، فسشرسخ

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

If a substance is heated, the molecules start moving more and so they

take up more space so the substance expands. Notice that the

molecules themselves do not get bigger but as a group they take up

more space. .ػذ رسخ اىبدح فا زشمخ اىدضئبد رضداد رطغو سبزخ امجش أ ا اىبدح رزذد

سبزخ امجش اىدضئبد فسب ال رنجش ىنب رطغو


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Gas particles exert a pressure because they are hitting

all the walls all the time. The more gas particles hit

the wall each second, the higher the pressure.

ميب صاد ػذد ظش ضغظ اىغبص ثسجت اصطذا اىدضئبد ثطنو سزش ثدذاس اإلبء

.اىدضئبد اىز رصطذ ثبىدذاس ف اىثبخ ميب صاد ضغظ اىغبص

Changing air pressure : :رغش ضغظ اىغبص

1- Increasing the temperature, without changing the volume, increase air

pressure. Because when air or any other gas is heated, the

molecules move about faster. So the molecules will hit the side of

the container more often and with greater force.

زشمخ اىدضئبد رصجر سفغ دسخخ زشاسح اىغبص ثذ صبدح ف اىسد إد ئى صبدح ف ضغظ اىغبص أل

.اسشع رصطذ ثدذاس اإلبء امثش ثقح امجش

2- Decreasing volume is increasing air pressure.

Because there will be more molecules in a

smaller space. Therefore its molecules will

hit the sides of the container more often.

اىسبزخ ألضداد ضغظ اىغبص فاخ االبء اىضع ف اىغبص ارا ر رقيو ذ

اىز رطغيب اىدضئبد رصجر اصغش ىزىل فا اىدضئبد سزضشة خذاس اإلبء

.ثطنو امجش

Objective:

Know how Particle Theory explains gas pressure. ف ن ىيظشخ اىدضئخ ا رفسش ضغظ اىغبص؟م


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Investigating gas pressure

Most “empty cans’ aren’t empty at all, they are full of air.

If you remove all the air from inside the can, they can

collapse. داخو اىؼيجخ فاب رنص ارا اصىب اىاء

Can the particle theory explain why?

رسزطغ اىظشخ اىزسخ رفسش رىل؟ ه

It is really a case of the large number of particles outside the can

pushing harder than the small number of particles inside the can, so the

can collapses. رىل سذس ثسجت خد ػذد مجش خذا خضئبد اىاء خبسج اىؼيجخ رذفغ ثطنو امجش

. خضئبد اىاء اىز ثذاخو اىؼيجخ

.

Worksheet

A- Complete: :أمي

When gas particles hit each other and the wall of the container that

caused……………………………………… ..............................ثؼضب اىجؼض ثدذاس اإلبء فا رىل سجتػذب رصطذ خضئبد اىغبص ة

B- Explain why? ىبرا؟ فسش

1- The pressure in a car tyre is greater on a hot day than on a

cold day. ضداد اىضغظ ف اىؼدالد ف األب اىسبسح ػ ف األب اىجبسدح

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

2- Air has pressure? ىياء اىد ضغظ

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

grade 7 unit m.1 particulate nature of matter · pdf filegrade 7 unit m.1 particulate nature...

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