UNIT-1Matter in our surroundings

Part -1 (Particulate Nature Of Matter)

Prepared By – MeenakshiTiwari

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What is Matter?

Matter is everything in this universe

that occupies space and has mass.

Air, water, stones, sand, clouds,

pencils, books – Everything is made

up of matter.

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Constituents of Matter

Matter is made of five basic elements called the Panchtatava –

Air, Water, Earth, Sky, and Fire. –Maharishi kanad

Matter is made up of small particles

which can not be further divided called as

Atom - Dalton

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Physical Nature of MatterParticulate nature of Matter

This means that matter consists of particles as you can see in the

microscopic image of a cube above.

ACTIVITY

If we put a drop of red color in water the color of the

water turns red. This happens because the particles of

red color mix with the particles of water.

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Physical Nature of MatterWhat is the size of these particles?

The size of the particles of matter is very small.

They can be broken into further particles as well.

ACTIVITY: On serial dilution of coloured solution we can still

see the color. This means there are millions of particles present

in the color which just divide themselves on dilution.

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Characteristics of Particles of Matter

Particles of matter have three characteristics:

1. Particles of matter have spaces between them

(Inter molecular space)

2. Particles of matter are moving all the time.

(Kinetic energy)

3. Particles of matter attract each other.

(Intermolecular force of attraction)

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Characteristics of Particles of MatterParticles of Matter have spaces between them

Have you ever wondered what causes salt to get dissolved in water?

Salt gets dissolved in water because their particles have spaces between them. The

particles of the salt get in between the spaces between the particles of water and a

mixture is formed.

We cannot see these particles through naked eyes.

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Characteristics of Particles of MatterParticles of Matter are continuously moving

Particles of matter possess Kinetic Energy – Energy due to

motion. Diffusion – The process of mixing two different types of particles

together is called diffusion. Diffusion becomes faster on heating.

The kinetic energy of particles also increases on heating.

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Characteristics of Particles of MatterParticles of Matter attract each other

• The particles are held together because of a force of attractionbetween them.

•Solids have the highest force of attraction.- We cannot move our hands through a solid.The particles are so tightly bound.

•Gases have the least force of attraction in them. - We can move our hands easily in the air. Particles of air are loosely bound.

SOLID > LIQUID > GAS

https://youtu.be/th0or7vyyo4

BBPS NM

WORKSHEET-1

PARTICULATE NATURE OF MATTER

Q.1 Define matter.

Q.2 What happens if you put copper sulphate

crystals in water?

Q3.Which of the following are matter?

Chair, air, love, smell, hate, almonds, thought, cold,

cold drink, smell of perfume.

Q4. Give reasons for the following observation:

The smell of hot sizzling food reaches you several

metres away, but to get the smell from cold food

you have to go close.

Q5. A diver is able to cut through water in a

swimming pool. Which property of matter does

this observation show?BBPS NM