Grammar Book #2By: Carmen Shockey

Table of Contents1) Preterite Verbs2) Demonstrative Adjectives/Pronouns3) Ordinal Numbers4) Prepositions5) Future6) Imperfect7) Possesive Pronouns/Adjectives8) Reflexives

Preterite Verbs

-ar -er/-ir

-é -í

-aste -iste

-é -ió

-amos -imos

-aron -ieron

El Pretérito

Snake Verbs

-car, -gar, -zar

Spock Verbs

Trigger Words

Comenzar-Comencé

-Comenzaste

-Comenzó

-Comenzamos

-Comenzaron

Jugar-Jugue

Jugaste

Jugó

Jugamos

jugaron

Tocar-Toque

-Tocaste

-Toco

-Tocamos

-Tocaron

Irregular Form

Estar Estuve-

Poder Pud-

Poner Pus-

Quera Quis-

Saber Sup-

Tener Tuv-

Venir Vin-

Conducir Conduj-

Producir Produj-

Traducir Traduj-

ir y ser (I was)

fui Fuimos

Fuiste

Fue Fueron

Dormir (I slept)

dormí Dormimos

dormiste

durmío Durmieron

Demonstrative Adjectives/PronounsMasculine Feminine

Este Esta

Ese Esa

aquel Aquella

Singular

Masculine Feminine

Estos Estas

Esos Esas

Aquellos Aquellas

PluralEnglish

This These

That Those

That (over there)

Those (over there)

Este, esta, estos, estas proximity to the speaker and the listener (this and these get the Ts) Ese, esa, esos, esas distance from speaker, proximity to listener (three letter word=FAR) Aquel, aquella, aquellos, aquellas distance from speaker and listener

PRONOUNS ARE THE SAME JUST WITH AN ACCENT OVER THE “E”

Esto

Eso

Aquello

Neuter Demonstrative Pronouns

• Pronouns that are not male or female but neutral.

Ordinal Numbers

Preposition

A la izquierda (de)

Encima (de)

A la derecha (de)

Debajo (de)

Arriba Abajo

Fuera (de)

Dentro (de)

Future You can use ir + a + infinitive EX: Vamos a estudiar en la biblioteca. We”ll study (We’re going to study) in the library. You can use the present tense when the

context makes it clear that you are talking about the future.

EX: Manana alquilamos una pelicula. You can also use the future tense. You form

the future tense by adding a speical set of endings to the infinitive.

Comer (to eat)

comeré comeremos

comerás comeréis

comerá comerá

Infinitive

Future stem

Decir Dit-

Hacer Har-

Poner Pondr-

Salir Saldr-

Tener Tendr-

Valer Vald-

Venir Vendr-

Poder Podr-

Querer Querr-

Saber Sabr-

Imperfect You can use the imperfect in the following: -to speak about background events in the story -to talk about something you do as a matter of

habit -to speak bout how old someone is -to say what time it is

-ar -er -ir

Cantar Tener Salir

Cantaba Tenia Salia

Cantabas Tenias Salias

Cantaba Tenia Salia

Cantabamos Teniamos Saliamos

cantabais Teniais Saliais

Cantaban Tenian Salian

ser Ir ver

Era Iba Veia

Eras Ibas Veias

Era Iba Veia

Eramos Ibamos Veiamos

Erais Ibais Veiais

Eran Iban Veian

Possessive Pronouns/Adjectives

All possessive adjectives agree in gender and number with the nouns they describe.

Also, they have a long form which is more expressive. You this use, for example, when you are talking about a special friend.

Long Form- Singular

Long Form Plural

Mio(a) Nuestro(a)

Tuyo(a) Vuestro(a)

Suyo(a) Suyo(a)

Long Form- Singular

Long Form Plural

Mios(a) Nuestros(as)

Tuyos(a) Vuestros(as)

Suyos(a) Suyos(as)

Reflexives

Reflexive verbs use reflexive pronouns. While the usual direct objects is different from the subject, a reflexive pronoun is the same person, place, or thing as the subject.

Reflexive Pronouns

Me escondo Nos escondemos

Te escondes Os escondeis

Se esconde Se esconden