grammar guide inglés 2

7/24/2019 Grammar Guide Ingls 2

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GRAMMAR GUIDE - INGLS 2

CONTENTS

Present Continuous (C.1) .2

Simple Future (C.2 & C.3) .6

The simple past (C.4 & A.4) ..11

Use of can(C.5) .16

Much or Many (A.3) 20

Some and Any (A.3) .22

Modal Verbs of Obligation (A.5) .25

Adverbs of manner (A.5) .27

Key ...30

Para mayor ayuda, puedes usar el diccionario Cambridge online:

http://dictionary.cambridge.org/freesearch.html
http://dictionary.cambridge.org/freesearch.htmlhttp://dictionary.cambridge.org/freesearch.htmlhttp://dictionary.cambridge.org/freesearch.html


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Present Continuous

The Present Continuous is used in several ways to refer to: actions happening at the moment, in

the future, temporary actions, and trends. However, and for the purposes of this course, we will

concentrate on actions happening at the moment./ El presente continuo se utiliza de distintas

formas para referirse a: acciones que estn sucediendo en el momento, para el futuro, acciones

temporales, y tendencias. No obstante, y para los propsitos de este nivel, nos concentraremos en

el uso ms comn, es decir, acciones que estn sucediendo en el momento.

El tiempo Presente Continuo (tambin llamado Progresivo) se forma con el presente del verbo SER

(TO BE, recuerdas?) ms el gerundio ...ANDO / ...ENDO (...-ing en ingls), del verbo que se desea

conjugar. Este tiempo verbal indica una accin en desarrollo (que est ocurriendo ahora, en el

mismo momento en que se la nombra). Por ello, a menudo las oraciones en Presente Continuo

llevan justamente el adverbio now, currently o at the moment.

La estructura de abajo te ayudar a comprenderlo mejor.

Subject + am/is/are + verb + -ing

Affirmative Negative Interrogative

I am studying I am not studying Am I studying?

You are studying You are not studying Are you studying?

He is studying He is not studying Is he studying?

She is studying She is not studying Is she studying?

It is studying It is not studying Is it studying?

We are studying We are not studying Are we studying?

You are studying You are not studying Are you studying?

They are studying They are not studying Are they studying?


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Contracciones

We often use short forms in affirmative sentences in the Present Progressive /Usualmente

usamos la versin corta en las oraciones afirmativas del presente progresivo.

Im, Hes, Shes, Were, Youre, Theyre

Affirmative subject + am/is/are + verbo + -ing

I am studying in New York - Yo estoy estudiando en New York.

I'mstudying in New York - Yo estoy estudiando en New York.

He is studying in New York - El est estudiando en New York.

He'sstudying in New York - El est estudiando en New York.

We are studying in New York - Nosotros estamos estudiando en New York.We'restudying in New York - Nosotros estudiando en New York.

Negative subject + am/is/are + not + verbo + -ing

I am not studying in New York - Yo no estoy estudiando en New York.

I'mnot studying in New York - Yo no estoy estudiando en New York.

He is not studying in New York - El no est estudiando en New York

He'snot studying in New York - El no est estudiando en New York.

We are not studying in New York - Nosotros no estamos estudiando en New York.

We'renot studying in New York - Nosotros no estamos estudiando en New York.

Interrogative Am/Is/Are + subject + verbo + -ing ?

Am I studying in New York ? - Estoy estudiando en New York ?Is he studying in New York ? - Est l estudiando en New York ?

Are we studying in New York ? - Estamos nosotros estudiando en New York ?

Spelling rules / Reglas para escribir los verbos

- A single, silent -eat the end of the word is dropped beforeing / Se reemplaza lae final por

ing.

Example

come - comingI am coming home. You are coming home. He is coming home.

- But: -ee at the end of the word is not changed / Pero -ee al final de una palabra no se cambia.

Example

agree - agreeing


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- The final consonant after a short, stressed vowel is doubled before -ing / La consonante final

despus de una vocal corta acentuada es repetida antes deing.

Example

sit - sitting

I am sitting on the sofa. You are sitting on the sofa. He is sitting on the sofa.

- The letter Las final consonant after a vowel is always doubled before ing /La letra Lcomo

consonante final despus de una vocal siempre es repetida antes deing.

Example

travel - travelling

I am travelling around. You are travelling around. He is travelling around.

NOTE: This applies only for British English; in American English there is usually only one L /Esto se aplica solo para ingls

britnico; en ingls Americano normalmente se usa una sola L.

- An -ie at the end of a word becomes y before ing /Un -ieal final de una palabra se reemplaza

por yantes deing.

Example

lie - lying

I am lying in bed. You are lying in bed. He is lying in bed.


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Exercises

Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the present continuous / Completar el espacio con la

forma correcta del presente continuo.

1)

Alexander __________ a film. (to watch)

2)

We __________ a computer game. (to play)

3)

The man _______ on the grass in the park (to sit)

4)

The dog_____________ at the cat. (to bark)

5)

Look! Steve's mother __________a cup of coffee. (to make)

6)

The teacher _________ the door. (not to close)

7)

You _________ the exercise correctly. (not to answer)

8)

We _________ the checkpoint. (not to pass)

9)

She __________ to the centre of the town. (not to walk)

Write the correct question / Escriba la interrogacin de manera correcta.

10)

They try to help

_____________________________________________________________

11)

The policemen run into the bank

_____________________________________________________________

12)

you do the washing-up

_____________________________________________________________

13)

your grandmother look at the birds

_____________________________________________________________


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Simple Future

Simple Future has two different forms in English: "will" and "be going to" / El tiempo verbal

simple futuretiene dos diferentes formas en Ingls: "will" and "be going to.

FORM - Will FORM Be Going To

[will + verb] [am/is/are + going to + verb]

Examples Examples

You will helphim later. You are going to meet Jane tonight.

Willyou helphim later? Are you going to meet Jane tonight?

You will not helphim later. You are not going to meet Jane tonight.

Uses of will and going to / Usos de will and going to.

Will Going to

Voluntary actions Plans

Promises Predictions (short term)

Predictions (long term)

Instant decisions


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1. "Will" to Express a Voluntary Action / Willpara expresar una accin voluntaria.

Examples

I will sendyou the information when I get it.

I willtranslatethe email, so Mr. Smith can read it.

We also use "will" when we request that someone help us or volunteer to do something for us

/ Tambin usamos will para solicitor algo a alguien.

Willyou helpme move this heavy table?

Willyou makedinner?

Often, we use "will" to respond to someone else's complaint or request for help / A menudo

usamos will para responder a una queja o solicitud de ayuda.

I will not doyour homework for you.

I won't doall the housework myself!

A: I'm really hungry.

B: I'll makesome sandwiches.

A: I'm so tired. I'm about to fall asleep.

B: I'll getyou some coffee.

A: The phone is ringing.

B: I'llgetit.

2. "Will" to Express a Promise / Willpara expresar una promesa.

Examples

I will callyou when I arrive.

If I am elected President of the United States, I will makesure everyone has access to

inexpensive health insurance.

I promise I will not tellhim about the surprise party.

Don't worry, I'llbecareful.

I won't tellanyone your secret.


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3 "Be going to" to Express a Plan/ Be going to para expresar un plan.

Examples

He is going to spendhis vacation in Hawaii.

She is not going to spendher vacation in Hawaii.

A: When arewe going to meeteach other tonight?

B: We are going to meetat 6 PM.

I'm going to bean actor when I grow up.

Michelle is going to beginmedical school next year.

They are going to driveall the way to Alaska.

Who areyou going to invite to the party?

A: Who is going to makeJohn's birthday cake?

B: Sue is going to makeJohn's birthday cake.

4. "Will" or "Be Going to" to Express a Prediction /Will or Be going to para predicciones.

Examples

The year 2222 will bea very interesting year.

I will be married in 5 years time.

Oh no! The boy is going to fall of the tree.

It is going to rain tomorrow.

5. "Will"for instant decisions /Will para decisiones instantneas.

(On the phone) Dont worry John. Ill buy the tickets for tomorrows concert.

Oh no! I forgot my wallet. I know! Ill ask my friend Jos to lend me some money.

We dont have anything to eat. Ill call for a pizza, then.


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ADVERB PLACEMENT

We often use adverbs with will and going to to talk about the future. The examples belowshow the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc. / A

menudo usamos adverbios con will and going to para hablar del futuro. En los siguientes

ejemplos se muestra la ubicacin de los adverbios tales como: always, only, never, ever, still, just,

etc.

Examples

You will neverhelp him. You are nevergoing to meet Jane.

Will you everhelp him? Are you evergoing to meet Jane?

Exercises

Will or going to? Use the verb in brackets to make a sentence / Will or going to?Usa el

verbo en parntesis para armar una oracin.

1. A: So whats the plan, boys?

B: We ____________________ (see) a movie and then go back to my house.

2. A: Oh no! I didnt bring my pencil case.

B: Dont worry. I____________________ (lend) you a pen.

3. A: I can't hear the television!

B: I ____________________ (put) it up so you can hear it.

4. I think I ____________________ (be) in Punta Arenas in 2018.

5. Look at that plane. I think it ____________________ (crash) into the mountain!

6. Ted: It is so hot in here!

Sarah: I ____________________ (turn) the air-conditioning on.

7. I think he ____________________ (be) the next President of the United States.

8. At the end of this year I ____________________ (attend) medical school and become a doctor.

9. Relax Jenny. I ____________________ (invite) Leo so you can meet him.

10. As soon as the weather clears up, we ____________________ (walk) down to the beach and

go swimming.


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Use the words and phrases given to make questions with going to (future). Mind the word order

in questions / Use las palabaras y frases para formar preguntas con going to (future). Ponga

atencin en el orden de las palabras al formular las preguntas.

11. ______________________________________? (She /to play) basketball on Friday

12. ______________________________________? (the boys/ to ride) their bikes at the weekend

13. ______________________________________? (Paul /to clean) the kitchen

14. ______________________________________? (His mother /to buy) a new T- shirt on

Saturday.

15. ______________________________________? They /to meet their friends at the station

Make questions with to be going to using these words and answer them in the negative form:

Realice preguntas con going to utilizando estas palabras y respndalas de manera negativa.

Example

Tony / read / this / book.

Is Tony going to read this book?No, Tony isnt going to read this book.

16. Your friends / listen to music?

?

No, ..

17. Peter / wash / his car?

?

No, ..

18. She / write a letter?

?

No,

19. Philip and Frank / have a birthday party?

..

No, .

20. He / repair my bicycle?

?

No,


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The Past Simple

We use the past simple for something in the past which is finished / El pasado simple se utiliza

para referirse a acciones en el pasado que han sido finalizadas.

Examples

I was in New York in 2005

Emma passed her exam last year.

We went to the theatre on Friday.

Elvis Presley died in 1977.

I knew what the problem was.

A: When did you buy this car?

B: About three years ago.

The simple past tense of the verb to be/ El pasado simple del verbo to be

its form

and its use.

The affirmative form. / Forma afirmativa

I, he, she, it was.

you, we, they were.

Examples

I wasin London in 1999.

Pam wasin London in 1999, too.

We weretogether.

She wasmy girlfriend.

The interrogative form. / Forma interrogativa:

Was I, he, she, it?

Were you, we, they?


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Examples

Wereyou in London last year? WasPam with you?

Wereyou together?

The negative form. / Forma Negativa:

I, you, he, shewas not.

wasn't.

You, we, theywere not.

weren't.

Examples

I wasn't in Paris in 1999.

Pam wasn't in Paris in 1999.

We weren't in Paris.

Rememeber. / Importante:

1. wasn'tis the short form of was not. You can say either:

I was notin Paris, or

I wasn'tin Paris.

2. weren'tis the short form of were not. You can say either:

we were notin Paris, or

we weren'tin Paris.


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Regular and irregular verbs

Positive forms/ Forma Positiva

A regular past form ends in ed. Las formas regulares terminan en ed

It happened very quickly.

The van crashed into the cat.

I posted the letter yesterday.

We once owned a caravan

Some verbs have an irregular past form / Algunos verbos tienen una forma irregular.

The car came out of a side road.

Vicky rang earlier.

I won the game.

I had breakfast at six.

The train left on time.

We took some photos.

The past simple is the same in all persons except in the past tense of be as mentioned above /

La forma del pasado simple es igual para todas las personas excepto con pasado del verbo to

be como se mencionanteriormente.

Negatives and questions /Negaciones e interrogaciones

We use didin negatives and questions. /Utilzamos did en las negaciones y las preguntas

exceptuando las que son con el verbo to be.

NEGATIVE QUESTION

I/you/he/she/it/we/they did not stop

did I/you/he/she/it/we/they stop?

OR didn't stop

The car did not stop. The driver didn't look to his right.

A: What did you tell the police?

B: Nothing.

A: Did you ring home?

B: Yes, I did.


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We do not use a past form such as stoppedor rangin negatives and questions. / No se utiliza

la forma en pasado de verbos tales como stopped o rang.

The car didn't stopped. x The car didnt stop.Did you rang? x Did you ring?

We also use wasand werein negatives and questions / Tambien se utliza was y were en las

negaciones e interrogaciones.

NEGATIVE

QUESTION

was I/he/she/it?

were you/we/they?

Examples

I wasn't very well last week.

The gates weren't open.

Where was your friend last night? Was your steak nice

Exercises

Put the verb "to be" into the simple past /

Agregar el verbo to been pasado simple.

1.

I ________ in Canada last summer holiday.

2.

My sister ________ with me.

3.

We ________ in Montreal.

4.

She ________ very happy.

5.

I ________ happy, too.

I/he/she/it was not OR wasn't

you/we/they were OR weren't


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Put the verb "to be" into the present simple or the past simple /Agregar el verbo to been

presente simple o pasado simple .

1.

I ________ an engineer.

2.

Last year I ________ a student in Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

3.

I ________ in love with a beautiful girl at that time. We ________ friends.

4.

Now, I live in New York and I ________ married to her.

Positive forms /Forma afirmativa.

Complete the newspaper story about a fire. Put in the past simple forms of the verbs / complete la

noticia acerca del incendio. Agregue la forma del pasado simple del verbo.

Two people died (die) in a fire in Ellis Street, Oldport yesterday morning. They

(1)_____________________(be) Herbert and Molly Paynter, a couple in their seventies. The fire

(2)_____________________ (start) at 3.20 am. A neighbour, Mr Aziz, (3) _____________________

(see) the flames and (4) _____________________ (call) the fire brigade. He also

(5) _____________________ (try) to get into the house and rescue his neighbours, but the heat

(6_____________________ (be) too great. The fire brigade (7) (arrive) in five

minutes. Twenty fire-fighters (8) _____________________ (fight) the fire and

finally(9)_____________________ (bring) it under control. Two fire-fighters (10)

_____________________ (enter) the burning building but (11)_____________________ (find) the

couple dead.


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Use of Can

We use CAN to expressability, requests, permissionand possibility/El verbo modal can

puede ser usado para expresar habilidad, peticiones, permiso, yposibilidad:

Ability / Habilidades o capacidades.

Example

Roxanna can ride a bike.

He can speak Japanese.

I can play table tennis.

We can cook.

They can eat with chop sticks.Paul and Ingrid can ski.

Inability / Incapacidades.

He cant ride a horse.

I cant type very fast.

We cant lift 100 kilos.

Jan cant run fast. Nota: Otra manera de escribirlo es cannot

Alicia cant drive a car. Nota: Otra manera de escribirlo escannot

POSITIVE STATEMENT NEGATIVE STATEMENT

I can speak English I can't speak English

He can run very fast You can't run very fast

He can sit in the garden He can't sit in the garden

She can come with us She can't come with us

It can jump to the other side It can't jump to the other side

We can make delicious cakes We can't make delicious cakes

You can pass the exam You can't pass the exam

They can draw Pictures They can't draw pictures


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Also Can is used for/ Can tambin puede ser usado para:

Requests / Solicitudes.

Example

Can you help me?

Can you tell me the way to the museum?

Can you come here a minute please?

Permissions / Permisos.

Example

Can I use your cell phone?

Can I take a day off?

Can I smoke here?

Can I go out?

Typical responses / Respuesta tpica: Certainly. Yes, certainly. Of course. Of course you can. Sure

(informal) etc.

Possibility / Posibilidad.

Example

The florist can deliver the bouquet early.

My friend can visit me this week

Note: can is not normally used to describe future possibility in the positive form.

INCORRECT: It can rain tomorrow.

Inappropriateness / Can puede ser usado cuando se consideraque una accin es inapropiada.

Example

You cant wear that dress! It is indecent.

You cant smoke in this building. It is illegal.

You cant ask for information here. This is not information desk.


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For questions this is the word order / Para formular preguntas.

Questions without question words Short answer

Can you Speak English? Yes, I can.

Can you climb a tree? No, Ican't.

cannot.

Can he play rugby? Yes, he can.

Can Mandy read poems? Yes, she can.

Can they sing nice songs? No, theycan't.

cannot.

Questions with question words Answer

What can we ride? We canride skateboards.

Where can Frank play the trumpet? Frank canplay the trumpet in his room.

When can she see her friends? She cansee her friends after school.

Exercises

Choose canor cantaccording to the situation /Escoja cano cantde acuerdo a la situacin.

1) I know the answer; I _________________ answer the question now.

2) She is good at playing the piano; she _________________ play the piano very well.

3) This test is very difficult; I _________________answer any questions.

4) Maria can speak English but she _________________speak French.

5) You ______________________ sleep today because you are very nervous.


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Form questions with the given words and phrases /formule preguntas con las palabras o frases

que aparecen en el ejercicio.

1) this text you can't read?

____________________________________________

2) have I the milk, can please?

____________________________________________

3) in the garden help Nico can't?

____________________________________________

4) the birds they can hear?

____________________________________________

5) he understand Spanish can't?

____________________________________________

6) this car do 250 km/h can?

____________________________________________

7) can the girls dance?

____________________________________________

8) parrots can fly?

____________________________________________

9) this form fill in you can't ?

____________________________________________

10) the boys can fast run?

____________________________________________


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Muchor Many

When do we use much and when do we use many? / Cundo utilizamos mucho many?

We use much with uncountable nouns in singular and many with countable nouns in plural /

Usamos much con sustantivos incontables en singular y manycon sustantivos contables en

plural.

We often use much/many in questions and negations / Generalmente utilizamos much/many en

preguntas y negociaciones.

We normally use a lot of/lots of in affirmative sentences / Normalmente utilizamos a lot of/lots of

en oraciones afirmativas.

Examples

muchmilk

muchmoney

muchtime

muchwater

manyglasses of milk

manydollars

manyhours

manybottles of water

Examples

How muchmoney do you have? - I don't have muchleft.

How manydollars do you have? - I don't have manyleft.

In informal English these questions are often answered with a lot of/lots of. There is no much

difference between the two phrases / En Ingls informal estas preguntas con frecuencia son

contestadas con a lot of/lots of.

Note: We use much or many after as, so and too. It is wrong to use a lot of/lots with these words.

(We have so a lot of homework to do.) / Nota: utilizamos much o many despus de as, so

y too.

Examples

We have somuchhomework to do.

We have toomuchhomework to do.


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Exercises

Put how much or how many to complete the questions. Mind countable and uncountable nouns.Escriba how much o how many para completar la preguntas. Fijese en los sustantivos

contables e incontables.

1) How __________ stars are there in the sky?

2) How __________ people live on islands?

3) How __________ birds are there?

4) How __________ water is in the ocean?

5) How __________ money is in a bank?

6) How __________ countries are there in the world?

7) How __________ bread is eaten per day?

8) How __________ bones are there in the human body?

9) How __________ sand is in the deserts?

10) How __________ information is on the internet?


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Someand Any

The words some and any are used for countable and uncountable nouns. In general, we could say

that some means a few / a little and any means none in negative clauses or a few / a little in

questions / Las palabras somey anyson utilizadas para sustantivos contables incontables. En

general podramos afirmar que some significa algunos o un poco (a few /a little) y any es utilizado

para preguntas y negaciones.

Positive Clauses/ Clausulas afirmativas.

In positive clauses, we usually use some / En clausulas afirmativas generalmente utilizamos some.

Example

I have bought some bread.

I have bought some apples.

Negative Clauses

In negative clauses, we use anyand it must be used with not/ En las clausulas negativas utilizamos

anyy debe usarse con not.

Example

I have not bought any bread.

I have not bought any apples.

Questions

In questions, we usually use any.

Para las interrogaciones usualmente utilizamos any

Example

Have you bought any bread?

Have you bought any apples?

Compound Words with some & any


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Some& anycan also be part of compound words such as / Some y any tambin pueden ser

parte de una palabra compuesta:

Example

something / anything

someone / anyone

somewhere / anywhere

Note that some & any have to be used with a noun while compound words with some & any can

stand on their own / Cabe destacar que some & any tienen que ser utilizados con un sustantivo

mientras que las palabras compuestas con some y any pueden estar solas.

Example

I have bought some bread.

I have bought something.

However, some and any need not stand directly before the noun. Sometimes, the noun appears

somewhere before some or any and is not repeated. So if you are not sure whether to use some or

something for example, check if there is a noun in the sentence that you can place after some /Sin

embargo, some y any no necesariamente deben situarse directamente en frente del sustantivo. En

algunas ocasiones el sustantivo se sita en algn lugar antes de some or any y no se repite. Por lo

tanto si no est seguro de usar some o something, por ejemplo, revise si existe algn sustantivo

que pueda situarse despus de some.

Example

I do not have to buy bread. Rachel has already bought some [bread].

Exceptions / Excepciones

Positive Clauses with Any/ Clausulas afirmativas con any


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We usually use some in positive clauses. But after never, without, hardly, we use any /

Usualmente utilizamos some en clausulas positivas. Pero despus de never, without, hardly,

utilizamos any.

Example

We never go anywhere.

She did her homework without any help.

Theres hardly anyone here.

Exercises

Fill in the correct word (someor any).Agregue la palabra correcta (someo any)

1)

Sue went to the cinema with __________ of her friends!

2)

Jane doesn't have __________ friends.

3)

Have you got __________ brothers or sisters?

4)

Here is __________ food for the cat.

5)

I think you should put __________ flowers on the table.

6)

Could you check if there are __________ calls on the answering machine?

7)

I don't want __________ presents for my birthday.

8)

Did they have __________ news for you?

9)

I'm hungry - I'll have __________ sandwiches.

10)

There aren't __________ apples left.


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Modal Verbs of Obligation

Have to, should, must

We can use / Podemos utilizar:

have to + infinitive,

must + infinitive

should + infinitive

to express obligation (something you have to do).

Present Positive Negative

have to /

don't have to

Strong obligation (possibly from

outside) / Obligacin estrticta

(posiblemente externa)

Children have to go to school.

(sometimes 'have got to')

No obligation. Sin obligacin

I don't have to work on Sundays.

You don't have to eat anything you

don't like.

must / mustn't Strong obligation (possibly based on

the speaker's opinion) / Obligacin

estricta (posiblemente basada en la

opinion del emisor)

I must study today.

Negative obligation

Obligacin negativa

You mustn't smoke here.

should /

shouldn't

mild obligation or advice

sugerencia, consejo u obligacin

leveYou should save some money.

mild negative obligation or advice

negacin sugerencia, consejo u

obligacin leveYou shouldn't smoke so much.

Be careful about the difference between mustn't and don't have to!

Atencin con el significado de Mustnt (no debes) y dont have to (no necesitas)!


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Mustn'tmeans it's not allowed, or it's a bad idea / Mustnt significa que no est permitido o quees una mala idea.

Example

You mustn't eat so much chocolate, you'll be sick.

Don't havetomeans you don't need to do something, but it's fine if you want to do it / Don't havetosignifica que no necesitas hacer algo pero est bien si deseas hacerlo.

Example

I don't have to get up early at the weekend (of course, if I want to get up early, that's fine, but I

can stay in bed if I want).

Exercises

Put in -mustn't- 'don't have to - doesn't have to- should-shouldnt/Agregue -mustn't- 'don't have

to - doesn't have to- should-shouldnt.

1) We have a lot of work tomorrow. You __________ be late.

2) You __________ tell anyone what I just told you. It's a secret.

3) The museum is free. You __________ to pay to get in.

4) Children __________ tell lies. It's very naughty.

5) John's a millionaire. He __________ to go to work.

6) I __________ to do my washing because my mother does it for me.

7) We __________ to rush. We've got plenty of time.

8) You __________ smoke inside the school.

9) You __________ help in the house.

10) We __________ miss the train, because it's the last one tonight.

11) My mum thinks I __________ spend so much money on clothes.

12) "Twilight" is a really great book. You __________ read it soon.

13) The teacher said to me, "You __________ get up earlier because you are late again!"

14) You __________ do your English homework!

15) You __________ drive the car. You are only thirteen!


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Adverbs of manner

Adverbs of manner tell us how something happens. They are usually placed after the main verb or

after the object / Los adverbios de modo nos dicen como algo sucede. Usualmente se colocan

despus del verbo principal o despus del objeto.

Examples

He swims well, (after the main verb)

He ran...rapidly, slowly, quickly.

She spoke... softly, loudly, aggressively.

James coughed loudlyto attract her attention.

He plays the flute beautifully. (after the object)

He ate the chocolate cake greedily.

Be careful! / Atencin!

The adverb should not be put between the verb and the object /El adverbio no debe ser colocado

entre el verbo y el objeto:

Examples

He ate greedilythe chocolate cake [incorrect]

He ate the chocolate cake greedily[correct]

Rule / Regla

If there is a preposition before the object, e.g. at, towards, we can place the adverb either before

the preposition or after the object / Si hay una preposicion antes del objeto ej. at, towards,

podemos colocar el adverbio antes de la preposicin o despus del objeto.

Examples

The child ran happilytowards his mother.

The child ran towards his mother happily.

Rule / Regla

Sometimes an adverb of manner is placed before a verb + object to add emphasis /A veces un

adverbio de modo es colocado antes de un verbo + el objeto para poner nfasis:

Examples

He gentlywoke the sleeping woman.


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Note: some writers put an adverb of manner at the beginning of the sentence to catch our

attention and make us curious / Algunos autores colocan los adverbios de modo al principio de la

oracin para llamar la atencin o causar curiosidad.

Slowlyshe picked up the knife.

Rule / Regla

However, adverbs should always come AFTER intransitive verbs (=verbs which have no object) /Sin

embargo, los adverbios deberan ir siempre despus de los verbos intransitivos (los que no tienen

objeto).

Examples

The town grew quickly

He waited patiently

Also, these common adverbs are almost always placed AFTER the verb /Tambin estos adverbios

casi siempre estan situados DESPUES del verbo.

well

badly

hard

fast

Rule / Regla

The position of the adverb is important when there is more than one verb in a sentence. If theadverb is placed after a clause, then it modifies the whole action described by the clause.

La posicin del adverbio es importante cuando hay ms de un verbo en la oracin, Si el adverbio es

colocado despus de la clusula, ste modifica toda la accin descrita por la clusula.

Example

She quickly agreed to re-type the letter (= her agreement was quick)

She agreed to re-type the letter quickly (= the re-typing was quick)

He quietly asked me to leave the house (= his request was quiet)

He asked me to leave the house quietly (= the leaving was quiet)


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Exercises

Put the adverb of manner in the correct place / Coloque el adverbio de modo en el lugar correcto.

1. When my teacher talks, it's difficult to understand him. (quickly)

2. I study for a test.( hardly)

3. The policeman shouted at the thief. (loudly)

4. Please try to behave when you meet my family. (normally)

5. She did in her tennis match last week. She won. (well)

6. Please close the door when you enter my room. (gently)

7. I'm sitting so I don't want to move. (Comfortably)

8. My husband sings when he's in the shower. Even the neighbors can hear him. (Enthusiastically)

9. She laughs at my jokes. (Happily)

10. Sometimes I need my teacher to talk more so I can hear her better. ( Slowly)


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Key/Respuestas

Present Continuous

1)

Alexander is watching a film

2)

We are playing a computer game

3)

The man is sitting on the grass

4)

The dog is barking at the cat.

5)

Look! Steve's mother is making a cup of coffee.

6)

The teacher is not (isnt) closing the door.

7)

You are not (arent) answeringthe exercise correctly.8)

We are not (arent) passing the course.

9)

She is not (isnt) walking to the centre of the town.

10)

Are they trying to help?

11)

Are the policemen running into the bank?

12)

Are you doing the washing-up?

13)

Is your grandmother looking at birds?

Simple Future

1. are going to see

2. Will lend

3. will put

4. Will be.

5. Is going to crash.

6. Will turn.

7. Will be

8. am going to attend

9. Will invite

10. are going to walk

11. Is she going to play basketball on Friday?

12. Are the boys going to ride their bikes at the weekend?

13. Is Paul going to clean the kitchen today?

14. Is his mother going to buy a new T-shirt on Saturday?15. Are they going to meet their friends at the station?

16. Are your friends going to listen to music? No, they are not going to listen to music

17. Is peter going to wash the car? No, Peter isnt going to wash the car.

18. Is she going to write a letter? No, she isnt going to write a letter

19. Are Philip and Frank going to have a birthday party? No, Philip and Frank are not going to have

a birthday party.

20. Is he going to repair the car? No, he isnt going to repair the car.


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The simple past

1.

I was in Canada last summer holiday.

2.

My sister was with me.

3.

We were in Montreal.4.

She was very happy.

5.

I was happy, too.

1.

I am /'m an engineer.

2.

Last year I was a student in Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

3.

I was in love with a beautiful girl at that time. We were friends

4.

Now, I live in New York and I am /'m married to her.

1. were 7. arrived

2. started 8. fought

3. saw 9. brought4. called 10. entered

5. tried 11. found

6. was

Use of Can

1) I know the answer; I can answer the question now.

2) She is good at the piano; she can play the piano very well.

3) This test is very difficult; I cant (cannot) answer any question.

4) Maria can speak English but she cant (cannot) speak French.

5) You cant (cannot) sleep today because you are very nervous.

1) Can't you read this text?

2) Can I have the milk, please?

3) Can't Nico help in the garden?

4) Can they hear the birds?

5) Can't he understand Spanish?

6) Can this car do 250 km/h?

7) Can the girls dance?

8) Can parrots fly?


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9) Can't you fill in this form?

10) Can the boys run fast?

Much or Many

1) How many stars are there in the sky?

2) How many people live on islands?

3) How many birds are there?

4) How much water is in the ocean?

5) How much money is in a bank?

6) How many countries are there in the world?

7) How much bread is eaten per day?

8) How many bones are there in the human body?

9) How much sand is in the deserts?

10) How much information is on the internet?

Some and Any

1)

Sue went to the cinema with some of her friends!

2)

Jane doesn't have any friends.

3)

Have you got any brothers or sisters?

4)

Here is some food for the cat.

5)

I think you should put some flowers on the table.

6)

Could you check if there are any calls on the answering machine?

7)

I don't want any presents for my birthday.

8)

Did they have any news for you?

9)

I'm hungry - I'll have some sandwiches.10)

There aren't any apples left.


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Modal Verbs of Obligation

1) We have a lot of work tomorrow. You mustn't be late.

2) You mustnt tell anyone what I just told you. It's a secret.

3) The museum is free. You don't have to pay to get in.

4) Children mustn't tell lies. It's very naughty.

5) John's a millionaire. He doesn't have to go to work.

6) I don't have to do my washing because my mother does it for me.

7) We don't have to rush. We've got plenty of time.

8) You mustn't smoke inside the school.

9) You must help in the house.

10) We mustn't miss the train, because it's the last one tonight.

11) My mum thinks I shouldnt spend so much money on clothes.

12) "Twilight" is a really great book. You should read it soon.

13) The teacher said to me, "You should get up earlier because you are late again!"

14) You must do your English homework!

15) You mustntdrive the car. You are only thirteen!

Adverbs of manner

1. When my teacher talks quickly, it's difficult to understand him. (quickly)

2. I study hardly for a test.( hardly)

3. The policeman shouted loudly at the thief. (loudly)

4. Please try to behave normally when you meet my family. (normally)

5. She did well in her tennis match last week. She won. (well)

6. Please close the door gently when you enter my room. (gently)

7. I'm sitting comfortably so I don't want to move. (comfortably)

8. My husband sings enthusiastically when he's in the shower. Even the neighbors can hear him.

(enthusiastically)

9. She laughs happily at my jokes. (happily)

10. Sometimes I need my teacher to talk more slowly so I can hear her better.( slowly)

grammar guide inglés 2

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