grammar guide inglés 3

7/26/2019 Grammar Guide Ingls 3

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GRAMMAR GUIDE - INGLES 3

CONTENTS

Prepositions of location (B.2) .............................................................................................................. 2

Modals of possibility May & Might (B.3) ......................................................................................... 5

Make vs Do (B.4) ........................................................................................................................... 6

Phrasal Verbs (B.4) ............................................................................................................................ 10

Gerunds (B.5) .................................................................................................................................... 12

Comparisons (C.2) ............................................................................................................................. 13

Relative pronouns & relative clauses (C.4) ....................................................................................... 17

Tag questions (C.4) .......................................................................................................................... 189

Present Perfect / Pretrito Perfecto (C.5) ......................................................................................... 21

The past simple (C.5) ......................................................................................................................... 24

key ................................................................................................................................................... 256

Para mayor ayuda, puedes usar el diccionario Cambridge online:

http://dictionary.cambridge.org/freesearch.html

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http://dictionary.cambridge.org/freesearch.htmlhttp://dictionary.cambridge.org/freesearch.htmlhttp://dictionary.cambridge.org/freesearch.html


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Prepositions of location

In general, we use: En general se usa:

atfor a POINT/ Para un lugar especfico. infor an ENCLOSED SPACE/ Para un lugar cerrado. onfor a SURFACE/ Para una superficie.

at in on

POINT ENCLOSED SPACE SURFACE

at the corner in the garden on the wall

at the bus stop in London on the ceiling

at the door in France on the door

at the top of the page in a box on the cover

at the end of the road in my pocket on the floor

at the entrance in my wallet on the carpet

at the crossroads in a building on the menu

at the front desk in a car on a page

Look at these examples: Mire los ejemplos:

Mark is waiting for you atthe coffee shop.

The shop is atthe end of the street.

My plane stopped atDubai and Hanoi and arrived inBangkok two hours late.

When will you arrive atthe office?

Do you work inan office?

I have a meeting inNew York.

Do you live inJapan? Jupiter is inthe Solar System.

The author's name is onthe cover of the book.

There are no prices onthis menu.

You are standing onmy foot.

There was a "no smoking" sign onthe wall.

I live onthe 7th floor at21 Oxford Street inLondon.


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Notice the use of the prepositions of place at, inand onin these standard expressions/

Vea el uso de las preposiciones de lugar at, iny onen stas expresiones:

at in on

at home in a car on a bus

at work in a taxi on a train

at school in a helicopter on a plane

at university in a boat on a ship

at college in a lift (elevator) on a bicycle, on a motorbike

at the top in the newspaper on a horse, on an elephant

at the bottom in the sky on the radio, on television

at the side in a row on the left, on the right

at reception in Oxford Street on the way

More prepositions!!

Position Posicin

about sobre, acerca de

above por encima de, ms arriba de

against contra

amid(st) entre, en medio de

among(st) entre (ms de 2 cosas o personas)

(a)round alrededor

at en

before antes de

behind detrs de

below debajo de

beneath bajo, debajo de

beside al lado de


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between entre (2 cosas o personas)

in en, dentro de

in front of delante de, frente a

inside (UK)

inside of (US)

dentro de

near cerca de

next to al lado de, junto a

off de, separado de

on encima

opposite enfrente de

underneath debajo de (en la parte inferior)

upon sobre (preposicin de uso "formal")

Exercises

Put the preposition that best suits the sentence / Escoja la preposicin que mejor se

ajuste a la oracin.

1.- I read about the pop festival .a magazine.

2.- My parents' flat is ................. the twenty-first floor.

3.- Melanie was holding a small bird .............. her hands.

4.- I'll meet you.................. the airport.

5.- Natasha now lives .............32 Johnson Avenue.

6.- I was standing..................the counter in the baker's shop, waiting to be served.

7.- London is ..............the Thames.

8.- There weren't many books ..................the shelves.

9.- The passengers had to stand ................. a queue.

10.- The woman sitting next to me left the train ..............Chesterfield.


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Modals of possibility May & Might

May and might indicate present or future possibility / Mayy mightindican una

posibilidaden presente o futuro.

Examples

He might arrive soon.He may arrive soon.

Subject + modal + basic verb + ... He might arrive soon./Sujeto + verbo modal + verbosimple + . l podra llegar luego.

May I? or May we? are used for polite requests, in the same way as Can I? or Can we? /May I? or May we? Se usan como peticiones formales, de la misma manera que Can I o

Can we?

ExamplesMay I go to the bathroom?

Exercises

Rewrite these sentences using mayor might. Where two answers are possible, write themboth / Reescriba estas oraciones usando mayo might. Si cree que dos respuestas son

correctas, indquelo .

1.- Maybe there's some tea in the pot.

2.- Would you mind if I asked you how old you are?

3.- Visitors are not allowed to stay in the hospital after ten p.m. ..

4.- Do you think I could have one of these sandwiches? ..

5.- I think the car is in the station car park.

6.- Is it all right if I use your phone? .

7.- Guests are allowed to wear casual dress. .

8.- Maybe she'll move to London. ..

9.- There's a possibility that the show will be cancelled.

10.- Maybe she'll be elected. ..


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Make vs Do

When do you use Do? / Cundo usamos Do?

Dois used as follows / Dose usa de la siguiente manera:

1. Dois used when talking about work, jobs or tasks/ Usamos Docuando nos referimos a

trabajo, empleos o tareas.

Have you doneyour homework?

I have guests visiting tonight so I should start doingthe housework now.

I wouldn't like to dothat job.

2. Dois used when we refer to activities in general without being specific. In these cases,

we normally use words like thing, something, nothing, anything, everything etc. / Dose

usa cuando nos referimos a actividades en general, sin ser especficos. En estos casos,

generalmente usamos palabras como thing, something, nothing, anything, everything etc.

Hurry up! I've got things to do!

Don't just stand theredosomething!

Is there anything I can doto help you?

3. We sometimes use Doto replace a verb when the meaning is clear or obvious. This ismore common in informal spoken English / Algunas veces usamos Dopara reemplazar al

verbo cuando el significado est claro. Es ms comn en ingls hablado e informal.

Do I need to do my hair? (do = brush or comb)

Have you done the dishes yet? (done = washed)

I'll do the kitchen if you do the lawns (do = clean, do = mow)

Remember Docan also be as an auxiliary verb (for making questions in the present tense -

Do you like chocolate?) Here we will be talking about Doas a normal verb / Recuerde que

Dotambin puede cumplir la funcin de verbo auxiliar (para hacer preguntas en el tiempopresenteDo you like chocolate?) Aqu estaremos hablando de Docomo un verbo, no

como auxiliar .


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When do you use MAKE? / Cundo usamos make?

Make is for producing, constructing, creating or buildingsomething new / Makees para

producir, construir o crear algo nuevo.

It is also used to indicate the origin of a product or the materials that are used to make

something / Tambin se usa para indicar el origen de un producto o los materiales que se

usan para hacer algo.

His wedding ring is made of gold.

The house was made of adobe.

Wine is made from grapes.

The watches were made in Switzerland

We also use makefor producing an action or reaction /Tambin se usa makecuando se

produce una accin o una reaccin.

Onions make your eyes water.

You make me happy.

Its not my fault. My brother made me do it!

We use makeafter certain nouns about plans and decisions/ Se usa makedespus de

ciertos sustantivos acerca de planes y decisiones:

make arrangements

make a choice

We use makewith nouns about speaking and certain sounds/ Usamos makecon

sustantivos relacionado con el hablar o producir sonidos.

make a comment

make a noise

make a speech

We use makewith Food, Drink and Meals/ Seusa makecon alimentos, bebestibles y

comidas.

make a cake

make a cup of tea

make dinner


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Here is a list of some common expressions with doand make. The best way to learn them

is through practice / Aqu hay una lista de las expresiones ms comunes con doy make. La

mejor forma de aprenderlas es practicarlas o usarlas en contexto.

Do Make

a test a call

a favor a cake

a project a choice

an exam a bed

an assignment a complaint

badly a comment

business a decision

exercise a fortunegood a phone call

harm a presentation

homework a point

housework a profit

nothing an excuse

research friends

something changes

the cleaning corrections

the dishes plans

the shopping tea/coffeeyour best lunch/dinner/breakfast

your hair time

your job sure

work progress


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Exercises

Choose makeor do in the correct tense.Use the table above. / Elija make o doen

el tiempo verbal apropiado. Usa la tabla de la pgina anterior.

1.- You have to __________ your bed.

2.- Ill ___________ a comment.

3.- She has to _____________ some work.

4.- What if we _____________ a cake?

5.- They have ____________ a fortune.

6.- He is ____________ research on wild animals at the moment.

7.- Charles normally ___________ dinner and I normally prepare breakfast.

8.- Im not happy with this product at all. Im going to _____________ a complaint.

9.- Have you ____________ your homework, George?

10.- I like your offer, Henry. Lets _______________ business.


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Phrasal Verbs

1. A phrasal verbis a verb plus a preposition or adverb which creates a meaning differentfrom the original verb / Un phrasal verbes un verbo ms una preposicin o adverbio el

cual crea un significado distinto al del verbo original.

Example:

I ran into my teacher at the movies last night. RUN +INTO =MEET/ENCONTRARSE

He ran away when he was 15. RUN +AWAY =LEAVE HOME/IRSEDEUNLUGAR

More examples of phrasal verbs are /Algunos ejemplos de phrasal verbs:

English Spanishadd up sumar, totalizar

blow up explosionar

bring up criar, educar, plantear

call off cancelar

carry on continuar

come across encontrarse de casualidad

come up with crear, inventar

get along llevarse bien

get away escaparse (viaje)

get up levantarse

give up dejar, rendirse

go on seguir, continuar

hold on esperar

look after cuidar de

look forward to esperar (con ansia)

look up buscar

make out entender, comprender

pass out desmayarse

pull over Detenerse en la berma (en vehculo)put down bajar, soltar

put off posponer

put up with soportar

turn up aparecer

watch out tener cuidado


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Exercises

Use the phrasal verb to complete the sentence using the table above / Use el phrasal verb

mas adecuado para completar la oracin. Use la tabla de la pgina anterior.

1.- Please _____________ my baby while Im out!

a) look up b) turn up c) look after

2.- I ___________ very early this morning.

a) blew out b) got up c) got down

3.- I dont know this word. Ill_____________ the word in the dictionary.

a) look up b) look to c) look after

4.- I cant meet this afternoon. Can you _____________ the meeting, please?

a) put out b) cancel in c) put off

5.- I need a break from the city. Lets______________ this weekend.

a) get away b) put away c) get off

6.- The party was a disaster. Very few people ___________.

a) looked after b) came up with c) Turned up

7.- At school I have to _____________ childrens bad behavior every day.

a) put away b) put up with c) stand up

8.- That road is terrible. Youll have to _____________ for the big holes!

a) get out b) get along c) watch out

9.- I dont smoke anymore. I _______________ smoking last year.

a) gave up b) gave out c) get out

10.- Sorry to interrupt. ______________ with your work.

a) carry on b) carry out c) call off


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Gerunds

1. A gerund is a noun made from a verb by adding "-ing." The gerund form of the verb"read" is "reading." You can use a gerund as the subject, the complement, or the object of

a sentence / Al agregarle -ing a un verbo, estamos formando un gerundio. La forma

gerundio del verbo read es reading. Sepuede usar el gerundio como el sujeto,

complemento o incluso como el objeto de una oracin.

Examples:

Readinghelps you learn English. SUBJECT OF SENTENCE/COMO SUJETO

Her favorite hobby is reading. COMPLEMENT OF SENTENCE/COMO COMPLEMENTO

I enjoy reading. OBJECT OF SENTENCE/COMO OBJETO

Gerunds can be made negative by adding "not." Los gerundios pueden ser negativos slo

anteponindoles not.

Examples:

He enjoys not working.

The best thing for your health is not smoking.

ExercisesFill the gaps with gerundsfrom the brackets / Completa las oraciones con gerundiosde

los verbos en parntesis.

1 She is good at (cry) ________.

2 Mark is crazy about (sing) __________.

3 She doesnt like (play) __________ cards.

4 Theyre afraid of (swim) ______________ in the sea.

5 My father should give up (smoke) _____________.

6 I dream of (build) ___________ my own house.

7 You seem interested in (make) _____________ friends.

8 Do not insist on (bring) __________ your own beer.

9.- (Drive) __________ too fast is dangerous.

10.- (Save) _________ someone elses life is the most beautiful thing.


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Comparisons

Comparative adjectives

Comparative adjectives are used when we want to compare two or more nouns. This

means that an adjective changes its form to be used in comparisons. These are the rules/

Los adjetivos comparativos se usan para hacer comparaciones entre dos o ms sutantivos.

Esto significa que un adjetivo cambia su forma para poder ser usado en una comparacin.

Estas son las reglas:

For one syllable adjectives, add er (Remember that it is sometimes necessary to double

the final consonant)

Examples: cold/colder, small/smaller, big/bigger

For adjectives that end iny, addier

Examples: pretty/prettier, noisy/noisier, Funny/funnier

For adjectives with two or more syllables, use morebefore the adjective

Examples: beautiful/more beautiful, dangerous/more dangerous, modern/more modern

There are some irregularadjectives which change their form completely.

Examples: good/better, bad/worse, far/farther

We use a than with comparative adjectives /Se usa thancon los adjetivos comparativos.

Examples

This restaurant is nicer than the Pizza House.I had a bigger meal than you.The steak is more expensive than the fish.

Superlative adjectives

Superlative adjectives are used when we want to compare three or more nouns. Using the

superlative form takes a comparison to the highest degree possible. These are the rules /Los adjetivos superlativos se usan para hacer comparaciones entre tres o ms sustantivos.

Al usar la forma superlativa, se compara al mayor nivel posible: el ms caro, la ms

bonita, etc. Estas son las reglas:


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For one syllable words add -estto the word (Remember that it is sometimes necessary to

double the final consonant).

Examples: strong/strongest,big/biggest.

For adjetives ending with ay, addiest

Examples: crazy/craziest, silly/silliest.

For adjectives with two or more syllables, use mostor least.

Examples: most desirable, least expensive.

There are some irregularadjectives which change their form completely.

Examples: good/best, bad/worst

We normally use the before a superlative adjective / Generalmente usamos theantes de

un adjetivo superlativo.

Usain bolt is the fastest runner in the world.Water is the most important element on earth.

Study the table below for further help / Estudia la tabla de abajo para mayor ayuda.

POSITIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE

Una slaba

long longer(than) (the) longest(of/in)

hot hotter (than) (the) hottest(of/in)

nice nicer(than) (the) nicest(of/in)

Dos slabas

que terminan

en

consonante+Y

happy happier(than)

(the) happiest(of/in)

Dos o ms

slabas

beautiful more beautiful (than) (the) mostbeautiful (of/in)

Adjetivos

irregulares

good better(than) (the) best (of/in)

bad worse(than) (the) worst (of/in)

far farther/ further(than) (the) farthest / furthest(of/in)

You can find a list of comparative and superlative adjectives at this website / Puedes

encontrar una lista de adjectivos comparativos y superlativos en est pgina web:

http://www.curso-ingles.com/gramatica-inglesa/compar-lista.php
http://www.curso-ingles.com/gramatica-inglesa/compar-lista.phphttp://www.curso-ingles.com/gramatica-inglesa/compar-lista.php


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As... as

Another way to compare is to use as ... as. Here are some more examples / Otra forma de

hacer comparaciones es usando asas. Aqu hay ejemplos:

Our house is as big as yours. / Nuestra casa es tangrande comola tuya.It isn't as cold as yesterday / No est tanfro como ayer.The chair is not as expensive as the table / La silla no es tancara comola mesa.We arent as quick as you / No somo tanrpidos comoustedes.

There are also idiomatic expressions with asas/ Tambin existen expresiones

idiomticas en ingls con asas:

As sick as a dog

As quiet as a mouse

As hungry as a bear

As happy as a clam

As clean as a whistle

Puedes visitor este sitio par aver ms ejemplos:

http://esl.about.com/od/vocabularyreference/a/as_expressions.htm

Exercises

Write sentences with a comparativeadjectiveand than. Use the adjectives in brackets/Escribe oraciones usando los adjetivos en parntesisen su forma comparativo y than.

Example: The film lasts two and a half hours, but the videotape is only two hours long.

The film is longer than the videotape.

The water-colour is 85, and the oil-painting is 100.

The oil-painting is more expensive than the water-colour.

1 The castle was built in 1878 and the library in 1925. (old)

2 Claus can lift 90 kilos, but Matthew can lift 120 kilos. (strong)
http://esl.about.com/od/vocabularyreference/a/as_expressions.htmhttp://esl.about.com/od/vocabularyreference/a/as_expressions.htmhttp://esl.about.com/od/vocabularyreference/a/as_expressions.htm


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3 Guy is 1.7 metres tall, but Harriet is 1.8 metres. (tall)

4 Sayid hasn't many friends. Claire has lots of friends. (popular)

5 Mark's car has room for five people, but Sarah's has room for only four. (big)

Use the superlativeform of the adjectives / Use la forma superlativade los adjetivos.

Melanie / kind person /I know Melanie is the kindest person I know.

1 Friday / busy day / week ..of the week.

2 the Metropole / nice hotel / town

3 this watch / one / cheap / you can buy .

4 this Beatles album / good / they ever made .

5 Alan / successful salesman / company .

Traduce estas oraciones al ingls.

1. Mis hijas son tan altas como yo. ...

2. Chile no es tan grande como Brasil. .

3. La lasaa es tan difcil de hacer como la cazuela.

4. El japons no es tan fcil como el portugus.

5. Mis amigos son tan buenos como los tuyos. ..


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Relative pronouns & relative clauses

Use defining relativeclauses to identify the person, thing or place you are talking about /Usa oraciones relativas para identificar la persona, cosa o lugar del cual ests hablando.

For example:

- A teacher is someone whosocializes with people every day. (Identifies person)

- A tragedy is a film or a play whichis sad. (Identifies thing)

- Arica is the place whereyou can visit El morro. (Identifies place)

- That is the song thatI used to love. (identifies object)

Otros casos de non defining relative(agrega informacin sobre el sujeto) clauses son:

- My sister, whois from Arica, speaks Chinese.

- Paris, whichis in France, is a beautiful city.

- Temuco, whereI spent a year, is a beautiful city as well.

We do not use another pronoun like her or itwith the relative pronoun / No usamos otro

pronombre como hero itcon el pronombre relativo.

NOT: a woman who they met her NOT -the old castle that we visited it

Exercises

XI) Join each pair of sentences together to make one sentence, using whoorthat. Write the second sentence as a defining relativeclause / Junte cada par deoraciones para hacer una, usando whoo that. Escriba la segunda oracin como oracin

relativa.

1 This is the woman. She gave me my first job.

This is the woman who gave me my first job.

2He picked up the book. It was on the desk.

_______________________________________________________

3 The meal was delicious. Tom cooked it.

_______________________________________________________

4 She's the woman. She telephoned the police.

_______________________________________________________


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5 He's the person. He wanted to buy your house.

_______________________________________________________

6 We threw out the computer. It never worked properly.

_______________________________________________________

7 This is the lion. It's been ill recently.

_______________________________________________________

8 The man was badly injured. He was driving the car.

_______________________________________________________

9 The children broke my window. They live in the next street.

_______________________________________________________10 They sold the cat. It was afraid of mice.

_______________________________________________________


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TAG QUESTIONS

Tag questions are small phrases or questions at the end of an affirmative or negative sentence

whose general objective is to confirm or deny the contents of this same phrase / Los tag

questions son pequeas frases o preguntas que se colocan al final de una oracin afirmativa o

negativa y que generalmente tienen como objetivo confirmar o negar el contenido de la frase

misma. Es el equivalente al cierto?

FORM

THREE BASIC RULES THAT YOU SHOULD ALWAYS REMEMBER /TRES REGLAS BASICAS QUE DEBES

RECORDAR:

1. Tag questions always use auxilary verbs. The verb to be is considered to be an auxiliary

verb for itself and for present and past continuous tenses. /Los tag questionsutilizan

siempre los verbos auxiliares. El verbo to be es considerado como el verbo auxiliar para s

mismo y los tiempos continuos del presente y pasado.

2. Afirmative sentences always use negative tag questions. /Con oraciones afirmativas

utilizamos un tag question en NEGATIVO.

3. Negative sentences always use affirmative tag questions /Con oraciones negativas

utilizamos un tag question en AFIRMATIVO.

Consider the following examples /Considera los siguientes ejemplos:

Positive sentence + Negative tag Negative sentence + Positive tag

Youre from Santiago, arent you? That wasnt very good, was it?You know how to cook, dont you? You didnt do your homework, did you?

Harry will come tonight, wont he? It hasnt been a nice has it?

You would do the same for me, wouldnt you? You cant speak French, can you?

Note: After Im .., the question tag is arent I?

Im in trouble, arent I?

USAGE

The meaning of a tag question depends on how you say it /El significado de un tag question

depende de como lo digas:

If your voice goes down, you are not really asking a question, you are only inviting the

listener to agree with you. /Si el tono de voz baja, no es realmente una pregunta sino uno

est invitando al escuchador estar de acuerdo.

o Its a nice day, isnt it?

o Bill doesnt look very well today, does he?


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If your voice goes up, it is a real question. /Si el tono de voz sube, entonces realmente es

una pregunta.

o You havent got a pen, have you?

o

You dont know where Henry is, do you?

EXERCISES

Write the tag question at the end of the following sentences/Escribe el tag question al final de las

siguientes oraciones.

a. Youre tired, _______________?

b. Thats youre teacher over there, _______________?

c. There were a lot of people there, _______________?

d. I shouldnt have done that, _______________?

e. We can come back tomorrow, _______________?

f. Im supposed to be somewhere else, _______________?

g. I didnt pass the exam, _______________?

h. You wouldnt do that, , _______________?

i. Max wont be coming to the party, _______________?

j. You havent seen Jenny today, _______________?


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Present Perfect / Pretrito Perfecto

Form

The present perfect is made with have/has + a past participle verb/ El pretrito perfectose forma con have/has + un verboen pasado participio.

Use

The present perfect is often used with sinceand forto talk about situations that began in

the past and continue up to now / El pretrito perfecto a menudo se usa con sinceyfor

para referirse a situaciones que empezaron en el pasado y que continan hasta ahora.

When we use the present perfect, we see things as happening in the past but having a

result in the present / Cuando usamos el pretrito perfecto, vemos cosas como

sucediendo en el pasado pero teniendo una concecuencia en el presente.

I/you/we/they have washed OR I/you/we/they'vewashedhe/she/it has washed OR he/she/it's washed

NEGATIVE QUESTION

I/you/we/they haven't washed have I/you/we/they washed?he/she/it hasn't washed has he/she/it washed?

The past participle of regular verbs end ined /Elpasado participio de los verbos

regulares terminan en -ed.The past participle of irregular verbs vary. (See table below)/Elpasado participio de los

verbos irregulares varan. (Ver la tabla ms abajo).

Examples

washed, landed, finished. We've washed the dishes.Have you opened your letter? The aircraft has landed safely.How many points has Matthew scored? The students haven't finished their exams.

We've washed the dishes.(They're clean now.)

The aircraft has landed.(It's on theground now.)

We've eaten all the eggs. (There aren't any left.) They've learnt the words. (They knowthe words.)

You've broken this watch. (It isn't working.)


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Most common irregular verbsbaseform

pastsimple

pastparticiple

baseform

pastsimple

pastparticiple

be was/were been lead led led

bear bore born learn learnt learnt

beat beat beaten leave left left

begin began begun lend lent lent

bite bit bitten let let let

blow blew blown lie lay lain

broadcast broadcast broadcast lose lost lost

break broke broken make made made

bring brought brought mean meant meant

build built built meet met met

burn burnt burnt pay paid paid

buy bought bought put put put

catch caught caught read read readchoose chose chosen ride rode ridden

come came come ring rang rung

cost cost cost rise rose risen

cut cut cut run ran run

do did done say said said

draw drew drawn see saw seen

dream dreamt dreamt sell sold sold

drink drank drunk send sent sent

drive drove driven set set set

eat ate eaten shoot shot shot

fall fell fallen show showed shown

feed fed fed shut shut shut

feel felt felt sing sang sung

fight fought fought sit sat sat

find found found sleep slept slept

fly flew flown smell smelt smelt

forget forgot forgotten speak spoke spoken

freeze froze frozen spend spent spent

get got got stand stood stood

give gave given steal stole stolen

go went gone stick stuck stuck

grow grew grown swim swam swum

hang hung hung take took takenhave had had teach taught taught

hear heard heard tell told told

hide hid hidden think thought thought

hit hit hit throw threw thrown

hold held held wake woke woken

hurt hurt hurt wear wore worn

keep kept kept win won won

know knew known write wrote written


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Exercises

XIII) Complete the questions/sentences with the verbs from the box below. Remember

to make use of the past participle form of the verbs / Complete las preguntas/oraciones

con los verbos de la tabla a continuacion. Recuerde usar el pasado participio de los verbos.

1.- Have you ever___________________ a book in English?

2.- Have you ever___________________ the guitar?

3.- Have you ever___________________ to England?

4.- You have __________________ an English course this semester.

5.- She has never_______________ a lie.

6.- I havent________________ coffee since I was a little kid.

7.- I have__________________ biology for two years.

8.- Have you ever_____________ in a tent before?

9.- I have never______________ to someone who doesnt speak my language.

10.- I have____________ my wallet.

Tell - read - take - talk - drink - sleep

study - play - be - lose


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The past simple

Positive formsA regular past form ends ined / Un pasado regular lleva terminacin -ed.

It happened very quickly.The van crashed into the cat.Iposted the letter yesterday.We once owned a caravan.

Some verbs have an irregular past form / Algunos verbos tienen una forma irregular.

The car came out of a side road. Vicky rang earlier.I won the game.I had breakfast at six. The train left on time. We took some photos.

The past simple is the same in all persons except in the past tense of be / El pasado simple

es el mismo en todas las personas excepto en el pasado de Be.

I/he/she/it was I was ill last week,you/we/they were Those cakes were nice.

Negatives and questions

We use did in negatives and questions / Usamos diden negaciones y en preguntas.

NEGATIVE QUESTION

I/you/he/she/it/we/they did not stop did I/you/he/she/it/we/they stop?

OR didn't stop

The car did not stop. The driver didn't look to his right.What did you tell the police? - Nothing. Did you ring home? - Yes, I did.

We do not use a past form such asstopped

orrang

in negatives and questions.The car didn't stopped and NOT Did you rang?

We also use was and were in negatives and questions / Tambin usamos waso wereen

oraciones negativas y en preguntas


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NEGATIVE

I/he/she/it was not ORwasn'tyou/we/they were OR weren't

QUESTION

was I/he/she/it?were you/we/they?

I wasn't very well last week. The gates weren't open.Where was your friend last night? Was your steak nice?

Use

We use the past simple for something in the past which is finished / Usamos el pasado

simple para referirnos a algo que finaliz en el pasado.

Emmapassed her exam last year. We went to the theatre on Friday. Elvis Presley died in1977.

I knew what the problem was. When did you buy this car? - About three years ago.

Exercises

XIV) Complete the newspaper story about a fire. Put in the past simple forms of the

verbs / Complete la noticia sobre un incendio. Use el pasado simple en los verbos en

parentesis.

Two people died (die) in a fire in Ellis Street, Oldport yesterday morning. They

(1)......................(be) Herbert and Molly Paynter, a couple in their seventies. The

fire (2).. (start) at 3.20 am. A neighbor, Mr Aziz, 3) (see)

the flames and (4) (call) the fire brigade. He also5)......... (try) to

get into the house and rescue his neighbors, but the heat (6).. (be) too

great. The fire brigade (7)(arrive) in five minutes. Twenty fire-fighters

(8) .. (fight) the fire and finally(9). (bring) it under

control. Two fire-fighters (10)(enter) the burning building but

(11) (find) the couple dead.


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KEY/Respuestas

Prepositions1.- in 6. at

2.- on 7. on

3.- in 8. on

4.- at 9. in

5.- at 10. at

May/Might

1.- There may/might be some tea in the pot.

2.- May I ask you how old you are?

3.- Visitors may not be in the hospital after ten p.m.

4.-May I have one of these sandwiches?

5.- The car may/might be in the station car park

6.- May I use your phone?

7.- Guests may wear casual dress.

8.- She may/might move to London.

9.- The show might be cancelled.

10.- She may/might be elected.

Make and Do

1.- make 6.- doing2.- make 7.- makes

3.- do 8.- make

4.- make 9.- done

5.- made 10.- do

Phrasal verbs

1.- C 6.- C

2.- B 7.- B

3.- A 8.- C4.-C 9.- A

5.- A 10.- A


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Gerunds

1.- crying 6.- building

2.- singing 7.- making

3.- playing 8.- bringing

4.- swimming 9.- driving

5.- smoking 10.- saving

Comparatives

1.- The castle is older than the library

2.- Mathew is stronger than Claus

3.- Harriet is taller than Guy

4.- Claire is more popular than Sayid

5.- Marks car is bigger than Sarahs.

Superlatives

1.- Friday is the busiest day of the week

2.- The Metropole is the nicest hotel in town

3.- This watch is the cheapest one you can buy

4.- This Beatles album is the best they have ever made

5.- Alan is the most successful salesman in the company

As as1. My daughters are as tall as me.

2. Chile is not as big as Brazil.

3. Lasagna is as hard to make as cazuela.

4. Japanese is not as hard as Portuguese.

5. My friends as as good as yours.

Relative pronouns

2.- He picked up the book that was on the bed.

3.- The meal Tom cooked was delicious.

4.- Shes the woman who telephoned the police.5.- Hes the person who wanted to buy your house.

6.- We threw out the computer that never worked properly.

7.- This is the lion thats been ill recently.

8.- The man who was driving the car was badly injured.

9.- The children who live in the next street broke my window.

10.- They sold the cat that was afraid of mice.


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Tag Questions

1) Arent you.

2) Isnt it.

3) Werent there.

4) Should I.

5) Cant we.

6) Arent I.

7) Did I.

8) Would you.

9) Will he.

10) Have you.

Present perfect

1.- read

2.- played

3.- been

4.- taken

5.- told

6.- drunk

7.- studied

8.- slept

9.- talked10.- lost

Past simple

1.- were

2.- started

3.- saw

4.- called

5.- tried

6.- was

7.- arrived

8.- fought

9.- brought

10.- entered

11.- found

grammar guide inglés 3

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