Grammar Book

By: Zacarias Smart

Table of Contents

1-Nationalities 2-Stem changer 3-Para 4-IOP 5-Pronoun Placement 6-Gustar 7-Affirmative and Negative words 8-Superlatives 9-Reflexives 10-Affirmative tu commands / irregulars / pronoun

placement 11-Negative tu commands / irregulars / pronoun placement 12-Sequencing words

Nationalities

Stem changinge to ie

-Pensar

-Tener

-Vener

-Preferier

-Querer

o to ue and u to ue

-dormir

-jugar

-recordar

-volver

-poder

e to i

-servir

-pedir

-decir

Boot verbs only change inside the “boot” There are four kinds: oue,eie, ei,and uue

Vosotros and nosotros Don’t change.

jugar

juego jugamos

juegas jugais

juega juegan

For Example: jugar (to play)

Para A Spanish preposition Several uses for para

-To indicate purpose, a personal reaction, or destination-( “for”, “no later than”, “considering”, or “by”)-When accompanied by estar means “to be ready to”

Indirect Object Pronoun TO whom or FOR whom Comes BEFORE a

conjugated verb Singular/Plural Able to attach to an

infinitive Can attach to a gerund

singular ------------------

plural -------------------

me me nos us

te you os you

le Him/her/it/you

les You/them

Pronoun Placement

1. Attach the pronoun to the infinitive

2. Attach the pronoun to a progressive tense

3. The pronoun is attached to an affirmative command

4. The pronoun is placed before a conjugated verb

Gustar

me nos

te os

le se

A mi- me gusta

A ti- te gusta

A usted/el/ella- le gusta

A Nosotros – nos gusta

A ustedes/ellas/ellos- les gusta

Plural:The plural form is used when gustar is followed by a plural object.Ex. Me gustan papas fritas.Singular:singular forms of gustar are used when the object following is singular.Ex. Me gusta el boligrafa

To say you do not like something,

you put a no before the me, te, le, os, nos, or les

Affirmative/Negative

AFFIRMATIVE:

Algo: somethingAlguien: someoneAlgun/alguno(a):

someTambien: alsoSiempre: always

NEGATIVE:

Nada: nothingNadie: no oneNingun: not any or

noneNunca: neverTampoco: either or

neither

Superlatives

-ísimo/ísimos/ísima/ísimas-Added on to the end of adjectives and adverbs-Equal to extremely or very-Adjective or adverb ending in c, g, or z change spelling to q,

gu, and c sometimesFor example:ricorequísimoFeliz felicímo

-Adjective or adverb ending in n or r by adding císimo/aFor example:jovenjovencísimotrabajadartrabajadorcísimo

Reflexives

-The subject is also the object-The subject, the pronoun, and the

verb are all in the same form.-A person does as well as receives

the actionex: Yo me levanto a las oche de la

mananame o

nosAmos

te as

osAis

le a

se an

--- They go in front of conjugated verb,

EXAMPLE: me acuesto

te levantas

---They are attached to a gerund

EXAMPLE: Luis está cepillándose los dientes

---OR they are attached to an infinitive

EXAMPLE: voy a acostarme ahora mismo

Affirmative tu commands-irregulars- pronoun placement-Get rid of the s or

put it into the third person form. Examples below:

di decir sal salir

haz hacer se ser

ve ir ten tener

pon poner ven venir

Negative tu commands-irregulars-pronoun placement

Put it into the yo form

Change vowel ae, e/ ira

Add the S

Tener No tengas

Venir No vengas

Dar/decir No des -digos

Ir No vayas

Ser No seas

Hacer No hagas

Estar No estes

Saber No sepas

Sequencing wordsPrimero-first

Entonces-then

Luego-later

Despues-after

Por Fin-finally

Antes de-before

Despues de-after

Por la manana-during the night

Los lunes-every day

THE END