Slide 1

Growing Grapes in Pothowar

POTHOHAR Altitude 600-800 m Area3.1 m ha Soil PH 6.5 - 8.5Structure Moderate - highly porousSoil Depth 5 15 FtSoil DrainageGood - ExcellentImportanceGrape juice controls blood pressure

Strengthen Heart muscles and saves from Heart attack

Grapes add fiber to the diet

Improves digestion system

Red grapes are rich in quercetin, a newly discovered anticancer agent

Nutritional FactsServing Size 138g Amounts Per Serving Calories 90Potassium 270mgTotal Carbohydrate 24gDietary Fiber 1gSugars 23gProtein 1gVitamin A 2%Vitamin C 25%Calcium 2%Iron 2%

Cultivation on Nearly marginal lands with out replacing the area of other cropsPossesses a great economic potentialDrought resistant and environment friendlyWide adaptability, not only in Pothowar also plains of the Punjab and Cholistan.WHY TO GROW GRAPE? Exploitation of Early grape varieties, broaden the scenarioMore economic returns compared to other field crop.Easy to manage as compared to other fruit crops.Longer productive life.Very attractive market before Quetta valley. Highly suitable for HEIS than other fruit crops.WHY TO GROW GRAPE ?CURRENT SCENARIO7Pakistan V/S World Viticulture67.27.3

World 0.110. 076Production M Tons 0.200.015

Area Million HectaresPercentage PakistanTop Ten Grapes Producers 2012 - 2013Country Production (tonnes)Italy8,519,418China6,787,081Unites states6,384,090France6,044,900Spain5,995,300Turkey3,612,781Iran3,000,000Argentina2,900,000Chile2,350,000India 1,667,700World67,221,000

KPK

Major Grapes growing areasBalochistan: Pishin, Quetta, Mastung Kharan, Zhob, Chaghi, Qilla Abdullah Qilla Saifullah

KPK: South Waziristan, Swat, North Waziristan

Sindh: Karachi

12Sr. No.AREAS OF GRAPE CULTIVATION IN PUNJAB1Rawalpindi2Islamabad 3Attock4Chakwal 5Khushab 6Mianwali 7Gujrat8Jhelum9CholistanGRAPE CULTIVATION AREAAREA UNDER CULTIVATION IN PAKISTAN13 LAY OUT AND PLANTING OPERATION15Site Selection and PreparationGrapes require full sunlight.Adequate drainage and moisture retention, requiredBest soils are loams or sandy loams with added organic matterGrapes grow best in soil with a pH range of 5.5 to 6.5

INITIAL FIELD PREPARATION Main steps(i) Debushing/Bush clearing(ii) Removal of stones and rocks(iii) Leveling of the soil and soil improvement.TWO SEASONSSpring

Moon Soon

PLANTING TIMELAY OUT OF GRAPE ORCHARDArrange the rows in a North-South orientation to allow maximum exposure to the sun.R x R = 10ft P x P = 6ftWater newly planted vines every day.Plant in straight rows for easier manageability, and to reduce trellis costs.Spread the roots out when you plant, giving them room. Once you plant the grape, prune it back to 3 buds

HOW TO PLANTPIT DIGGING:

The measurement of pit should be (2x2x2 feet)

PIT FILLING:

Pit must be filled by a homogenous mixture of soil, silt and FYM with the ratio 1:1:1

2-3 irrigation must be applied for proper decay of FYM and two times application of termicide20A VIEW OF PIT DIGGING IN DIFFERENT SOILS

PROPER PIT DIGGING FOR GRAPE ORCHARD22PIT FILLING

Immediately after transplanting, a basin is prepared around the plant to prevent run-off and to ensure a sufficient supply of water to the plant. When using a micro irrigation system, it is recommended to have a basin of approximately 2 feet in diameter and 15 to 20 cm deep. The basin should have a slight downward slope towards the plant to allow the water to reach the root system of the young plant.INITIAL PLANT CARE AND BASIN PREPARATIONTRANSPLANTING IRRIGATIONImmediately after transplanting, the plant should be irrigated to limit transplant stress

Very sandy soils requires daily irrigation during the first summer

Heavy soils will require irrigation once a week

In most soils, irrigation is required every second or third daySPECIAL PROTECTION MEASURESProtection from Termite attack especially in dry areas like PothowarTrellis system is necessary immediately after planting.Avoid to use the FYM in SummerSave against chewing animals (rabbits, etc.)Fungicide may be applied during high humidity period

Varieties of Grapes Each variety has its own distinct color, taste, texture and history.

Grapes come in three basic colors Green (sometimes called white)

Red Blue-black

Varieties of GrapesBlue-black Green Red

GERM PLASM STRENGTH AT BARI CHAKWALKishmishPerletteAutumn RoyaleFlame SeedlessWhite SeedlessCrimson SeedlessSahibiRed Globe

Early White

Gol

PriestVitro BlackKings RubyThompson SeedlessSultanina CCardinalGolaDanlasHaitaAlphansoSuperiorReginiaAeselMuscat HambourgItalia

Taifi

Chasselas29Early maturing varieties Monsoon rains result in fungal diseases and rottening of grape berries

Select those varieties that escape the summer monsoon rain and mature before the monsoon season

Kings Ruby , Perlette, Sultanina C, Vitro Black, Thompson Seedless and Flame Seedless are early in maturity, and can be grown on commercial scale successfully in monsoon rain fall region of Punjab

Vitro BlackElongated

Purple

Seedless

Early

Sweet

Vitro BlackSultanina CElongated

Yellowish green

Early

Sweet

Seedless

Perlette

First grape of the season

Light yellow in color

The berries are almost round Seedless

PERLETTE

Flame Seedless

Deep-red color

Round, crunchy, sweet grape Seedless

Kings RubyDark Purple color

Seedless

Round

Very Sweet

Kings RubyTrellising Systems HEAD SYSTEM

Y-SYSTEM

TELEPHONE SYSTEM

Head System

Y- SYSTEM AT INITIAL STAGE

Telephone SystemPruningPurpose of pruning is to get premium quality grapes and to allow better growth for the following season

An average grapevine may have 200 to 300 fruit bearing buds

If the vine is left un-pruned number of grape clusters would be excessive

The vine would be unable to ripen the large crop or sustain adequate vegetative growth. PruningAfter pruning the first winter: The single cane is cut back and tied to the lower wire. After pruning the second winter: Two new canes of four or five buds each are tied on the bottom wire. A third new cane is tied up to the top wire and cut off. After pruning the third winter: Three of the arms and the fruiting canes have been formed. A cane with four or five buds is left to establish the fourth arm.

Unpruned

Pruned

FertilizerNitrogen 150gmPhosphorous 120gmPotash 280gmNitrogen in Two split dosesBefore bud breakAfter fruit settingPotash in Three dosesBefore bud breakAfter fruit settingAfter harvesting

Plant Protection Measures

Diseases Anthracnose (fungal disease)Circular, sunken, ashy gray, dark-bordered spots on the berries

Attacks fruit stems, leaf veins, petioles, tendrils and berries Berry cracks and exposing the seed.

High humidity favor disease development

ControlPruned canes should be destroyed

Spray of Topsin M @ 2gm/litre water

Spray of Bordeaux mixture after pruning

Downy MildewFirstly pale yellow area on the upper surface of the leaf Underside of leaf marked by downy appearance.

Premature defoliation

Infected Fruit covered with white growth

Berry turns into dull green and brown color

Control Pruned canes and fallen leaves should be destroyed

Spray of Bordeaux mixture after pruning

Ridomil 2ml/ litre

Powdery mildew Entire leaf surface have white patches

Results powdery appearance

Leaves curl upward

Discoloration may occur

Young berries has spotting and misshapen

Control

Thiophenate Methyl @ 3 gm/liter water

Black Rot Infected fruits shrivel, turn black and remain attached to the cluster

Small brown spots form on leaves

ControlSummer pruning for air and light penetration

Bunch thinning

Harvesting and Picking After 3 years each vine will produce 10kg of grapes Wait until they separate easy from the seeds to pick. Pick on a dry day, wet grapes spoil quickly.

Economic Returns of Grapes on Acre BasisTotal No. of Plants. 726Average Yield Per Plant 8 KgTotal Yield Per Acre 5808 KgAverage Market Rate per Kg Rs.80/KgTotal Income Rs. 464640

THANKS

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