green coast project (tsunami 2004 response in indonesia ... · tsunami 2004 in indonesia nanggroe...
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Green Coast project (Tsunami 2004
response in Indonesia) and Eco-DRR
program
Iwan Tri Cahyo Wibisono
Experience and lessons learnt from
Program coordinator
Wetlands Conservation and Restoration
28 November 2017
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Tsunami 2004 in Indonesia Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam province and Nias Island
• More than 130.000 people dead and 37.000 remain missing.
• The survivors lost almost everything: family, houses and livelihoods.
• Approximately 4,717 coastal fishing boats lost, 20.000 ha fish ponds were destroyed or out of action
• 60,000 farmers were displaced• Over 60,000 ha agricultural land damaged • 100,000 small business persons have lost their
livelihoods. • Furthermore, the environment is profoundly
altered. (A joint report of the BRR and International Partners,
December2005: ACEH AND NIAS ONE YEAR AFTER THE TSUNAMI; The
Recovery Effort and Way Forward)
26 December 2004, 07:58 WIB9.1 richter scale10 m wave height
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01
03
04
06
09
05
07
08
02
GC INDONESIA
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Onolimbu
Lahewa
Labuhan Bakti
Cot Rambong
Lhok Bubon
Scientific Assessment to guide Sustainable Coastal Recovery
❖ wetlands ecology❖ vegetation and the potential for
rehabilitation❖ soil and agricultural development❖ fisheries❖ biodiversity❖ social economic development
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• The need to support communities to revive their livelihood
>>>Project identified potential/prospective economic activities
• The need to rehabilitate environment damaged bu Tsunami (Mangrove, beach forest, Coral reef)
>>>Project identified potential areas for rehabilitation
• Advocacy and policy intervention for green belt establishment and DRR strategy
Key recommendations from assessment
Economic improvement
Green beltNatural Protection System
Community will have capacity to prepare, adapt, response
Build back better
With Biorights
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Bio-rights
Linking environment
rehabilitation/conservation
with livelihood improvement through conditional micro credit
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Implementation (2005-2008)
2005–2007
54communities based coastal and livelihood rehabilitation
19communities based coastal and livelihood rehabilitation
73communities based coastal and livelihood rehabilitation
2007–2008
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Rehabilitation of the tsunami affected Area through environmental awareness and Community development at Kajhu Village Sub District of Baitussalam District of Aceh Besar
Local partner : Yayasan Ekosistem Lahan Basah (LEBAH)
>>Restoration activities:
Planting Mangrove: 30.000 seedling
Planting Coastal veg: 7500 seedlings
>>Livelihood activity:
Boat procurement to support fishing activity
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PterospermumPandanus tectorius
Azedirachta indicaTerminalia cattapa
Hibiscus tiliacuesCerbera manghas
Cocos nuciferaCasuarina equisetifolia Location: Kahju village
N 5 36.398 dan E 95 22. 320.
Plot size : 20 m x 50 m
1.5 Years after planting@ 3D view Powered by SLIM - ICRAF
C stock = 11 .2 tC/Ha
GHG removal= 41.1 tCO2-e/Ha
C pool: AGB, BGB
Aplot= 0.1 HaN = 136
Within 1.5 yrs
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SIlvofishery Practices in abandoned Ponds Lam Ujung Village, Aceh Besar District
Local partner:
Kelompok Masyarakat Dusun Junglong Desa Lam Ujung Kecamatan Baitusasalam
Coastal rehabilitation:
10,000 mangrove seedling have been planted on the area of 15 ha (abandoned shrimp pond)
Economic activities:
Crabs farming, chicken husbandry
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Protecting coral reef by Mooring buoy
Replanting coral reef
Protection of coastal area to reduce further degradation
PUGAR foundation, Sabang
ACC foundation
SABANG Island
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Seedlings
Ha
Sim
eulu
e
Panta
i Bara
t
Panta
i Uta
ra
Panta
i Tim
ur Nia
s
160,000
40
345,000
87
706,400
163
352,000
76
68,000
140
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
700,000
800,000
Rhizophora mucronata
Rhizophora apiculata
Survival Rate: 74.23%
Rhizophora stylosa
Avicennia marina
Bruguiera gymnorrhizza
Ceriops cengal
1,631,400 seedlings
380 Ha
Mangrove rehabilitation (2005-2008) – RECAP
6 species
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Seedlings
Ha
Sim
eulu
e
Panta
i Bara
t
Panta
i Uta
ra
Panta
i Tim
ur Nia
s
61,000
22
81,300
60
284,223
248
439,700
38221,500
350
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
400,000
450,000
1 Cauarina equisetifolia 12 Eusideroxylon zwageri
2 Cocos nucifera 13 Ficus spp
3 Terminalia catappa 14 Calophyllum inophylum
4 Carbera menghas 15 Areca catechu
5 Azaracta indica 16 Tamarindus indica
6 Pandanus tectorius 17 Eugina cumini
7 Hibiscus tiliaceus 18 Bambusa sp
8 Arthocarpus heterophyllus 19 Lannea caromondalica
9 Ficus retusa 20 Nephelium lapaceum
10 Heriteria littoralis 21 Mangifera sp
11 Baringtonia asiatica 22 Theobroma cacao
Survival Rate 73.82%
887,723 seedlings
747 Ha
22 species
Sandy beach coast rehabilitation- RECAP
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Livelihood activities
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Lessons we learnt………
Bio-rights is applicable Sustainibility issue post project period There were still technical errors in
coastal rehabilitation Challenge in marketing for livelihood
program Conflict of interest Pest and desease attack Community’s preference on silvofishery
(planting design)
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Construction of permeable structures
as sediment traps and basis for
mangrove rehabilitation
2013-present
Contact PersonFemke Tonneijck [email protected]
Apri Astra [email protected]
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Conventional/traditional solutions make it worse
Waves reflect on hard structures, increasing eroding force
Hard structures prevent mud supply, thus disturbing the sediment balance
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Progress so far• Sediment trapped• Sedimentation rate: 30 – 70 cm/yr • Mangroves started to come in
Oct 2013Oct 2014Jan 2015Oct 2017
BIORIGHTS agreement with
communities reached in
October 2017
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Evacuated villages and land loss due to subsidence and coastal erosion
No evacuation, mangrove forest established in the front line >>functions as natural barrier, productive silvofishery ponds
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Thank you very much