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Group U2: Kyle Demel Keaton Hamm Bryan Holekamp Rachael Houk Based on the article A theoretical analysis of non-chemical separation of hydrogen sulfide from methane by nano-porous membranes using capillary condensations http://www.nanowerk.com/spotlight/id4407.jpg

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Need for molecular separation Conventional separation Membrane separation Membrane synthesis Conclusion Future research http://www.nanowerk.com/spotlight/id4407.jpg

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Natural Gas comes out of the ground with H 2 S, which must be removed before further processing H 2 S is very toxic Starting levels can be high (>5%) For U.S. pipelines, limit is 4 ppm Currently, most separation processes employ chemical means One alternative is to use a nano-porous membrane to achieve a physical separation http://www3.humboldt.edu/engineering/sites/www3.humboldt.e du.engineering/marsh/images/hswarn.gif

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Traditional methods Wash with MEA, DEA, or other amines Use an oxide adsorbent Disadvantages Consumes these chemicals Added hazards due to additional chemicals http://www.ripi.ir/gas%20processing.jpg http://www.istockphoto.com/file_thumbvie w_approve/4452175/2/istockphoto_4452175 -chemical-hazard-label.jpg

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Removes H 2 S, CO 2, and mercaptans Need a lot of equipment Need both heating and cooling utilities Image from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amine_gas_treating

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Excellent separation achieved Can have significant pressure drop Need high temperatures Use iron oxide or zinc oxide Image from http://www.cwaller.de/sorbents.htm http://imghost.indiamart.com/data/I/0/MY-267906/Chromatography-2_250x250.jpg

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Good selectivity in allowing H 2 S through and not CH 4, only a small amount of CH 4 dissolved in liquid H 2 S phase Minimal pressure drop in bulk phase http://www.zyvex.com/nanotech/nano4/tuzun/paper1/fig1p1.gif http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/58/Methane-3D-balls.png

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Bulk Phase Permeate H2SH2S H2SH2S H2SH2S H2SH2S CH4 Nano-porous membrane H2SH2S H2SH2S H2SH2S CH4 A good membrane will have a high ratio of H 2 S to CH 4 permeate through.

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www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/3/1/165/ag sites.google.com/.../home/MAIN_NANO_2.jpg csites.google.com/.../home/MAIN_NANO_2.jpg

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Where x = mole fraction in the pore y = mole fraction in the bulk http://tanakalab.iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp/research/image/ViscoelasticPS_Sim.png

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How are nano-porous membranes created? Self-ordering electrochemical process Cyclic anodization Anodization that creates holes in anode http://www3.interscienc e.wiley.com/tmp/grapht oc/107640323/122443547 /122267098/ncontent http://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/topicreview/b p/ch20/graphics/20_1.gif

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A schematic diagram showing pore formation by electrochemical self-ordering A. Scheme of electrochemical cell for anodization and corresponding electrochemical reactions. B. Scheme of pore formation, which includes several steps: (I)the formation of oxide layer on metal surface; (II)local field distributions caused by surface fluctuations; (III)the initiation of pore growth by field-enhanced dissolution; and (IV)the pore growth in steady-state condition C. Typical current density curve obtained with anodization showing these stages

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New development by Dr. Ducas Losic of the University of South Australia A series of fabrication protocols to precisely control their most critical parameters, including pore diameters, pore geometry and surface chemistry

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H 2 S separation is necessary: traditional methods are acceptable, but nano-porous membranes perform better The H 2 S condenses and flows through the membrane to separate; therefore, membrane transport depends upon temperature and pressure Membranes can be made through self-ordering electrochemical process and cyclic anodazition http://www.outotec.com/34718.epibrw

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Gas mixtures of more than just methane and hydrogen sulfide, like actual natural gas Optimized temperature and pressure Better manufacturing techniques, particularly for large scale production Try a pilot-plant scale testing http://www.sciencecodex.com/graphics/Nanofilter.jpg

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amine_gas_treating http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amine_gas_treating http://www.chem.tamu.edu/class/majors/chem470/Synthesis_Gas.html http://www.chem.tamu.edu/class/majors/chem470/Synthesis_Gas.html http://www.thefuelman.com/Documents/H2S_removal.pdf http://www.thefuelman.com/Documents/H2S_removal.pdf http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_sulfide http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_sulfide Engineering of Nanomembranes for Emerging Applications by Dr. Ducas Losic http://www.azonano.com/details.asp?ArticleId=2445 http://www.azonano.com/details.asp?ArticleId=2445 Simple and reliable technology for manufacturing metal-composite nanomembranes with giant aspect ratio by Jovan Matovi a and Zoran Jaki http://www.sciencedirect.com a http://www.sciencedirect.com Self-ordered nanopore and nanotube platforms for drug delivery applications by Dusan Losic & Spomenka Simovic http://informahealthcare.com/doi/pdf/10.1517/17425240903300857?cookieSet=1 http://informahealthcare.com/doi/pdf/10.1517/17425240903300857?cookieSet=1