Jose Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda Jose Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda QuintosQuintos

(June 19,1861-December 30,1896)(June 19,1861-December 30,1896)The national hero of the Philippines and pride of The national hero of the Philippines and pride of the Malayan race, was born on June 19, 1861, in the Malayan race, was born on June 19, 1861, in

the town of Calamba, Laguna. He was the seventh the town of Calamba, Laguna. He was the seventh child in a family of 11 children (2 boys and 9 girls). child in a family of 11 children (2 boys and 9 girls). Both his parents were educated and belonged to Both his parents were educated and belonged to

distinguished families. distinguished families.

Family BackgroundFamily BackgroundFamily Background

ParentsParents

FRANCISCO FRANCISCO MERCADOMERCADO (1818- (1818-1898)1898)Father of Jose Rizal Father of Jose Rizal who was the youngest who was the youngest of 13 offsprings of Juan of 13 offsprings of Juan and Cirila Mercado. and Cirila Mercado. Born in Biñan, Laguna Born in Biñan, Laguna on April 18, 1818; on April 18, 1818; studied in San Jose studied in San Jose College, Manila; and College, Manila; and died in Manila. died in Manila.

TEODORA TEODORA ALONSOALONSO (1827-1913) (1827-1913)Mother of Jose Rizal Mother of Jose Rizal who was the second who was the second child of Lorenzo Alonso child of Lorenzo Alonso and Brijida de Quintos. and Brijida de Quintos. She studied at the She studied at the Colegio de Santa Rosa. Colegio de Santa Rosa. She was a business-She was a business-minded woman, minded woman, courteous, religious, courteous, religious, hard-working and well-hard-working and well-read. She was born in read. She was born in Santa Cruz, Manila on Santa Cruz, Manila on November 14, 1827 and November 14, 1827 and died in 1913 in Manila. died in 1913 in Manila.

SiblingsSiblings

PACIANO RIZAL (1851-1930)Only brother of Jose Rizal and the second child. Studied at San Jose College in Manila; became a farmer and later a general of the Philippine Revolution.

SATURNINA RIZAL (1850-1913)Eldest child of the Rizal-Alonzo marriage. Married Manuel Timoteo Hidalgo of Tanauan, Batangas.

NARCISA RIZAL (1852-1939) The third child. married Antonio Lopez at Morong, Rizal; a teacher and musician.

OLYMPIA RIZAL (1855-1887)The fourth child. Married Silvestre Ubaldo; died in 1887 from childbirth.

LUCIA RIZAL (1857-1919)The fifth child. Married Matriano Herbosa.

MARIA RIZAL (1859-1945)The sixth child. Married Daniel Faustino Cruz of Biñan, Laguna.

JOSE RIZAL (1861-1896)The second son and the seventh child. He was executed by the Spaniards on December 30,1896.

CONCEPCION RIZAL (1862-1865)The eight child. Died at the age of three.

JOSEFA RIZAL (1865-1945)The ninth child. An epileptic, died a spinster.

TRINIDAD RIZAL (1868-1951)The tenth child. Died a spinster and the last of the family to die.

SOLEDAD RIZAL (1870-1929)The youngest child married Pantaleon Quintero.

My Last FarewellMy Last Farewell

Farewell, my adored Land, region of the sun caressed, Pearl of the Orient Sea, our Eden lost,With gladness I give you my Life, sad and repressed;And were it more brilliant, more fresh and at its best,I would still give it to you for your welfare at most.

On the fields of battle, in the fury of fight,Others give you their lives without pain or hesitancy,The place does not matter: cypress laurel, lily white,Scaffold, open field, conflict or martyrdom's site,It is the same if asked by home and Country.

I die as I see tints on the sky b'gin to showAnd at last announce the day, after a gloomy night;If you need a hue to dye your matutinal glow,Pour my blood and at the right moment spread it so,And gild it with a reflection of your nascent light! 

My dreams, when scarcely a lad adolescent,My dreams when already a youth, full of vigor to attain,Were to see you, gem of the sea of the Orient,Your dark eyes dry, smooth brow held to a high planeWithout frown, without wrinkles and of shame without stain.

My life's fancy, my ardent, passionate desire,Hail! Cries out the soul to you, that will soon part from thee;Hail! How sweet 'tis to fall that fullness you may acquire;To die to give you life, 'neath your skies to expire,And in your mystic land to sleep through eternity!

If over my tomb some day, you would see blow,A simple humble flow'r amidst thick grasses,Bring it up to your lips and kiss my soul so,And under the cold tomb, I may feel on my brow,Warmth of your breath, a whiff of your tenderness.

Let the moon with soft, gentle light me descry,Let the dawn send forth its fleeting, brilliant light,In murmurs grave allow the wind to sigh,And should a bird descend on my cross and alight,Let the bird intone a song of peace o'er my site.

Let the burning sun the raindrops vaporizeAnd with my clamor behind return pure to the sky;Let a friend shed tears over my early demise;And on quiet afternoons when one prays for me on high,Pray too, oh, my Motherland, that in God may rest I.

Pray thee for all the hapless who have died,For all those who unequalled torments have undergone;For our poor mothers who in bitterness have cried;For orphans, widows and captives to tortures were shied,And pray too that you may see your own redemption.

And when the dark night wraps the cemet'ryAnd only the dead to vigil there are left alone,Don't disturb their repose, don't disturb the mystery:If you hear the sounds of cittern or psaltery,It is I, dear Country, who, a song t'you intone.

And when my grave by all is no more remembered,With neither cross nor stone to mark its place,Let it be plowed by man, with spade let it be scatteredAnd my ashes ere to nothingness are restored,Let them turn to dust to cover your earthly space.

Then it doesn't matter that you should forget me:Your atmosphere, your skies, your vales I'll sweep;Vibrant and clear note to your ears I shall be:Aroma, light, hues, murmur, song, moanings deep,Constantly repeating the essence of the faith I keep.

My idolized Country, for whom I most gravely pine,Dear Philippines, to my last goodbye, oh, harkenThere I leave all: my parents, loves of mine,I'll go where there are no slaves, tyrants or hangmenWhere faith does not kill and where God alone does reign.

Farewell, parents, brothers, beloved by me,Friends of my childhood, in the home distressed;Give thanks that now I rest from the wearisome day;Farewell, sweet stranger, my friend, who brightened my way;Farewell, to all I love. To die is to rest. 

On the afternoon of Dec. 29, 1896, a day before his execution, Dr. Jose On the afternoon of Dec. 29, 1896, a day before his execution, Dr. Jose Rizal was visited by his mother, Teodora Alonzo, sisters Lucia, Josefa, Rizal was visited by his mother, Teodora Alonzo, sisters Lucia, Josefa,

Trinidad, Maria and Narcisa, and two nephews. When they took their leave, Trinidad, Maria and Narcisa, and two nephews. When they took their leave, Rizal told Trinidad in English that there was something in the small alcohol Rizal told Trinidad in English that there was something in the small alcohol

stove (cocinilla), not alcohol lamp (lamparilla). The stove was given to stove (cocinilla), not alcohol lamp (lamparilla). The stove was given to Narcisa by the guard when the party was about to board their carriage in Narcisa by the guard when the party was about to board their carriage in

the courtyard. At home, the Rizal ladies recovered from the stove a folded the courtyard. At home, the Rizal ladies recovered from the stove a folded paper. On it was written an unsigned, untitled and undated poem of 14 five-paper. On it was written an unsigned, untitled and undated poem of 14 five-line stanzas. The Rizals reproduced copies of the poem and sent them to line stanzas. The Rizals reproduced copies of the poem and sent them to Rizal's friends in the country and abroad. In 1897, Mariano Ponce in Hong Rizal's friends in the country and abroad. In 1897, Mariano Ponce in Hong

Kong had the poem printed with the title "Mi Ultimo Pensamiento." Fr. Kong had the poem printed with the title "Mi Ultimo Pensamiento." Fr. Mariano Dacanay, who received a copy of the poem while a prisoner in Mariano Dacanay, who received a copy of the poem while a prisoner in

Bilibid(jail), published it in the first issue of La Independencia on Sept. 25, Bilibid(jail), published it in the first issue of La Independencia on Sept. 25, 1898 with the title "Ultimo Adios."1898 with the title "Ultimo Adios." The stove was not delivered until after the  The stove was not delivered until after the

execution. Rizal needed it to light the room and to be able to write the execution. Rizal needed it to light the room and to be able to write the

poempoem and his other parting words.and his other parting words.

Death of RizalDeath of Rizal

After the kangaroo trial, Rizal was escorted to his cell in Fort After the kangaroo trial, Rizal was escorted to his cell in Fort Santiago to make use of his remaining time. His last 24 hours Santiago to make use of his remaining time. His last 24 hours

was his busiest life – as if trying to meet the deadline.was his busiest life – as if trying to meet the deadline.Last hours of Rizal. At 6:00 A.M., December 29, 1896, Captain Last hours of Rizal. At 6:00 A.M., December 29, 1896, Captain Rafael Dominguez, read the death sentence to Rizal to be shot Rafael Dominguez, read the death sentence to Rizal to be shot

at the back by a firing squad at 7:00 A.M. in Bagumbayan.at the back by a firing squad at 7:00 A.M. in Bagumbayan.

At 7:00 A.M., an hour after the reading of the death sentence, Rizal was At 7:00 A.M., an hour after the reading of the death sentence, Rizal was transferred to the Prison Chapel.  His first visitors were Father Miguel transferred to the Prison Chapel.  His first visitors were Father Miguel

Saderra Mata and Father Luis Viza.Saderra Mata and Father Luis Viza.At 7:15 A.M., Father Saderra left. Father Viza handed over the Sacred At 7:15 A.M., Father Saderra left. Father Viza handed over the Sacred

Heart of Jesus carved by Rizal in Ateneo.Heart of Jesus carved by Rizal in Ateneo.At 8:00 A.M., Father Rosell arrived to relieve Father Viza. They joined at At 8:00 A.M., Father Rosell arrived to relieve Father Viza. They joined at breakfast. Lt. Luis Taviel de Andrade came and Rizal thanked him for his breakfast. Lt. Luis Taviel de Andrade came and Rizal thanked him for his

gallant services.gallant services.

At 9:00 A.M., Fathers Jose Vilaclara (teacher in Ateneo) and Vicente At 9:00 A.M., Fathers Jose Vilaclara (teacher in Ateneo) and Vicente Balaguer (Jesuit priest in Dapitan) visited the hero. After them came the Balaguer (Jesuit priest in Dapitan) visited the hero. After them came the Spanish journalist, Santiago Mataix, interviewed Rizal for his newspaper Spanish journalist, Santiago Mataix, interviewed Rizal for his newspaper

El Heraldo de Madrid.El Heraldo de Madrid.From 12:00 A.M. (noon) to 3:30 P.M., Rizal was left alone in his cell. He From 12:00 A.M. (noon) to 3:30 P.M., Rizal was left alone in his cell. He

took his lunch, after which he was busy writing. It wastook his lunch, after which he was busy writing. It was probably during probably during

this time when he finished his farewell poem and hid it inside his alcohol-this time when he finished his farewell poem and hid it inside his alcohol-cooking stove. (Not lamp as some biographers erroneously assert) which cooking stove. (Not lamp as some biographers erroneously assert) which was given to him by Paz Pardo de Tavera. At the same he wrote his last was given to him by Paz Pardo de Tavera. At the same he wrote his last

letter to B lumentrit.letter to B lumentrit.At 3:30 P.M., Father Balaguer returned to Fort Santiago and discussed At 3:30 P.M., Father Balaguer returned to Fort Santiago and discussed with his about his retraction of the anti-catholic ideas in his writings and with his about his retraction of the anti-catholic ideas in his writings and

membership in Masonry.membership in Masonry.

At 4:00 P.M., Rizal’s mother arrived. He asked forgiveness, they were At 4:00 P.M., Rizal’s mother arrived. He asked forgiveness, they were both crying when the guards separated them. Shortly afterwards both crying when the guards separated them. Shortly afterwards

Trinidad entered the cell to fetch her mother. As they were leaving Rizal Trinidad entered the cell to fetch her mother. As they were leaving Rizal whispered that “there is something inside the alcohol cooking stove” whispered that “there is something inside the alcohol cooking stove”

Trinidad understood. This “something” was Rizal’s farewell poem.Trinidad understood. This “something” was Rizal’s farewell poem.

After the departure of Dona Teodora and Trinidad, FathersAfter the departure of Dona Teodora and Trinidad, Fathers Vilaclara Vilaclara

and Estanislao march entered the cell, followed by Father Rosell.and Estanislao march entered the cell, followed by Father Rosell.At 6:00 P.M. Rizal received a new visitor, Don Silvino Lopez Tunon.At 6:00 P.M. Rizal received a new visitor, Don Silvino Lopez Tunon.

At 8:00 P.M., Rizal had his last supper. He informed Captain At 8:00 P.M., Rizal had his last supper. He informed Captain Dominguez that he forgave his enemies, including the military judges Dominguez that he forgave his enemies, including the military judges

who condemned him to death.who condemned him to death.At 9:30 P.M., Don Gaspar Centano, the fiscal of the Royal Audiencia of At 9:30 P.M., Don Gaspar Centano, the fiscal of the Royal Audiencia of

Manila, visited Rizal. As a gracious host, Rizal offered him the best Manila, visited Rizal. As a gracious host, Rizal offered him the best chair in the cell. After a pleasant conversation, the fiscal left with a good chair in the cell. After a pleasant conversation, the fiscal left with a good

impression of Rizal’s intelligence and noble characterimpression of Rizal’s intelligence and noble character

At 10:00 P.M., Father Belaguer to Rizal submitted the draft of the At 10:00 P.M., Father Belaguer to Rizal submitted the draft of the retraction sent by the anti-Filipino Archbishop Bernardino Nozaleda for retraction sent by the anti-Filipino Archbishop Bernardino Nozaleda for signature, but he rejected it because it was too long and he did not like signature, but he rejected it because it was too long and he did not like it. A shorter one was presented later which was prepared by Father Pio it. A shorter one was presented later which was prepared by Father Pio

Pi, which was acceptable to Rizal. Rizal then wrote his retraction, in Pi, which was acceptable to Rizal. Rizal then wrote his retraction, in which he abjured Masonry and his religious ideas, which were anti-which he abjured Masonry and his religious ideas, which were anti-

catholic.catholic.At 3:00 o’ clock in the morning of December 30, 1896, Rizal heard At 3:00 o’ clock in the morning of December 30, 1896, Rizal heard

mass, confessed his sins, and took the Holy Communion.mass, confessed his sins, and took the Holy Communion.At 5:30 A.M., he took his last breakfast. After this, he wrote two letters, At 5:30 A.M., he took his last breakfast. After this, he wrote two letters, for his family and other one for his brother Paciano. It was also then, for his family and other one for his brother Paciano. It was also then, when his wife Josephine Bracken arrived accompanied by Josefa. when his wife Josephine Bracken arrived accompanied by Josefa. (Sister of Rizal). With tears in her eyes, she bade farewell. Rizal (Sister of Rizal). With tears in her eyes, she bade farewell. Rizal

embraced her for the last time and gave her his last gift – a religious embraced her for the last time and gave her his last gift – a religious book, Imitation of Christ, which he autographed: “ To My Dar Unhappy book, Imitation of Christ, which he autographed: “ To My Dar Unhappy

Wife, Josephine”.Wife, Josephine”.

6:00 A.M., He wrote another letter to his beloved parents, asking for 6:00 A.M., He wrote another letter to his beloved parents, asking for forgiveness for the sorrows that he had given them, and thanking them forgiveness for the sorrows that he had given them, and thanking them

for their sacrifices to give him a good education.for their sacrifices to give him a good education.At 6:30 A.M., Rizal was prepared for the execution. A trumpet sounded At 6:30 A.M., Rizal was prepared for the execution. A trumpet sounded announcing his forthcoming execution. With four soldiers as advance announcing his forthcoming execution. With four soldiers as advance guards, Rizal a few meters behind walk calmly towards his slaughter guards, Rizal a few meters behind walk calmly towards his slaughter

place, accompanied by Lt. Luis Taviel de Andrade, two Jesuits Priests, place, accompanied by Lt. Luis Taviel de Andrade, two Jesuits Priests, and followed by more soldiers behind him. He was dressed in black and followed by more soldiers behind him. He was dressed in black

suit, with a black derby hat, black shoes but with white shirts and black suit, with a black derby hat, black shoes but with white shirts and black tie.tie.

Like any execution by muskertry, muffled sound of drums rent the air, Like any execution by muskertry, muffled sound of drums rent the air, with the group marching solemnly and slowly. Near the field a large with the group marching solemnly and slowly. Near the field a large group of spectators was out probably to see how a hero dies or to group of spectators was out probably to see how a hero dies or to

make it sure that Rizal will die.make it sure that Rizal will die.As they were walking to the field, Rizal looked at the sky and made a As they were walking to the field, Rizal looked at the sky and made a

remark to one of the priests:remark to one of the priests:“How beautiful it is today, Father. What morning could be more serene! “How beautiful it is today, Father. What morning could be more serene! How clear are Corregidor and the mountains of Cavite! On morning like How clear are Corregidor and the mountains of Cavite! On morning like

this, I used to take a walk with my sweetheart.”this, I used to take a walk with my sweetheart.”

While passing through in front of Ateneo, he asked one of the fathers, if While passing through in front of Ateneo, he asked one of the fathers, if the college towers were that of Ateneo’s, which was affirmed by one of the college towers were that of Ateneo’s, which was affirmed by one of

the priests.the priests.In the Bagumbayan Field, the group stopped and he walked slowly to In the Bagumbayan Field, the group stopped and he walked slowly to where he was told to stand-on a grassy lawn between two lampposts, where he was told to stand-on a grassy lawn between two lampposts,

overseeing the shores of the beautiful Manila Bay.overseeing the shores of the beautiful Manila Bay.He took time to bid farewell to his companions, and firmly shook their He took time to bid farewell to his companions, and firmly shook their hands. One of the priests blessed him and offered a crucifix for him to hands. One of the priests blessed him and offered a crucifix for him to

kiss, which he did.kiss, which he did.He then requested the commander of the firing squad to shoot him He then requested the commander of the firing squad to shoot him

facing the firing squad, which was refused, with the commander telling facing the firing squad, which was refused, with the commander telling him of the orders that he had to follow.him of the orders that he had to follow.

He did as ordered reluctantly and turned his back and faced the sea, He did as ordered reluctantly and turned his back and faced the sea, even as a Spanish Military doctor, Dr. Felipe Luis Castillo asked his even as a Spanish Military doctor, Dr. Felipe Luis Castillo asked his

permission to feel his pulse. Nothing could be more extraordinary that permission to feel his pulse. Nothing could be more extraordinary that for a man facing the firing squad who will take off his life, as having a for a man facing the firing squad who will take off his life, as having a normal pulse. Rizal, who was intelligent, famous, respected, and who normal pulse. Rizal, who was intelligent, famous, respected, and who

almost had everything during his time – had no fear to die; it was a rare almost had everything during his time – had no fear to die; it was a rare opportunity and he would want it in no other way.opportunity and he would want it in no other way.

When the command “Fuego!” was heard, he made a supreme effort to When the command “Fuego!” was heard, he made a supreme effort to face the firing squad, and his bullet-riddled body instead turned to the face the firing squad, and his bullet-riddled body instead turned to the

right with his face facing the morning sun. it was exactly 7:03 A.M., right with his face facing the morning sun. it was exactly 7:03 A.M., December 30th, 1896, when Jose Rizal died, his death was the life of December 30th, 1896, when Jose Rizal died, his death was the life of

the Filipinos. When he died – Nationalism was born, at the prime of his the Filipinos. When he died – Nationalism was born, at the prime of his life, thirty-five year of age, five months and eleven days. His Mission life, thirty-five year of age, five months and eleven days. His Mission

was accomplished!was accomplished!

Brief HistoryBrief History

JOSE RIZAL, the national hero of the Philippines and pride of the JOSE RIZAL, the national hero of the Philippines and pride of the Malayan race, was born on June 19, 1861, in the town of Calamba, Malayan race, was born on June 19, 1861, in the town of Calamba,

Laguna. He was the seventh child in a family of 11 children (2 boys and 9 Laguna. He was the seventh child in a family of 11 children (2 boys and 9 girls). Both his parents were educated and belonged to distinguished girls). Both his parents were educated and belonged to distinguished

families.families.

Dr. Jose RizalDr. Jose Rizal, the well-loved Philippine national hero, and the brave , the well-loved Philippine national hero, and the brave known genius was famous and will remain famous worldwide. I don’t known genius was famous and will remain famous worldwide. I don’t know if you’ve heard bout him, but of course if you’re a Filipino, you know if you’ve heard bout him, but of course if you’re a Filipino, you

surely know him well because he’s a big part of the Philippine history. surely know him well because he’s a big part of the Philippine history. Jose Rizal is a star and like I’ve said genius and every star and genius Jose Rizal is a star and like I’ve said genius and every star and genius

is famous.is famous.

• Jose’s real last name, Mercado, during those times was a hot name, targeted by the Spaniards. He changed his surname to protect his identity. So he just used his middle name, Rizal, instead, which was considered as illustrado during the Spanish time and entails the benefits a Spaniard can get.

• Second, there was Spanish law to change the last name of Filipinos those times.Mercado

• sounded a common name and there were lots of people having that surname already who were not really relatives of Rizal.

Dr. Jose Rizal was a Dr. Jose Rizal was a philosopherphilosopher,, painter, painter, poetpoet, architect, , architect,

artists, businessman, artists, businessman, cartoonistcartoonist, educator, economist, , educator, economist, ethnologist, ethnologist, scientific farmerscientific farmer, historian, , historian, inventorinventor, ,

journalist, linguist, journalist, linguist, musicianmusician, mythologist, nationalist, , mythologist, nationalist, naturalist, novelist,naturalist, novelist,opthalmic surgeonopthalmic surgeon, propagandist, , propagandist,

psychologist, psychologist, scientistscientist, , sculptorsculptor, , sociologist, sociologist, swordsmanswordsman, , theologian hmm seems never-, , theologian hmm seems never-

ending. In short Rizal was a versatile genius.ending. In short Rizal was a versatile genius.

QuotesQuotes

“He who does not love his own language is worse than an animal and smelly fish.” from the Filipino quote above that says, Ang hindi magmahal sa kanyang wika ay higit pa sa hayop at malansang isda."

“While a people preserves its language; it preserves the marks of liberty.”

“He who does not know how to look back at where he came from will never get to his destination.” from the Tagalog quote, Ang hindi marunong lumingon sa pinanggalingan ay hindi makararating sa paroroonan.

“Today is Christmas Eve. Whether or not Christ was born exactly on this date is not important. But chronological accuracy has nothing to do with tonight's event. A grand genius had been born who preached truth and love; who suffered because of his mission; and on account of his sufferings the world has become better, if not saved. Only it gives me nausea to see how some people abuse his name to commit numerous crimes. If he is in heaven, he will certainly protest!” -Letter to Blumentritt

“One only dies once, and if one does not die well, a good opportunity is lost and will not present itself again.” - Letter to Mariano Ponce

“Law has no skin, reason has no nostrils.”

“Genius has no country. It blossoms everywhere. Genius is like the light, the air. It is the heritage of all.” Toast to the artists Juan Luna and Felix Hidalgo: Madrid, Spain

Group 1 (I-C ACSC)Group 1 (I-C ACSC)

Bugnos, GraceNoromor,NinaAvelino,SheneMaglaque,PatriciaLiwanag,EdralynLapi,Roselyn

Submitted to: Prof.Tessie Sagadraca