group1 letters

8/13/2019 Group1 Letters

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have finished the body, place the dot below the letter as shown you can associate thesound b with the dot below the letter).

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When followed by another letter, it connects to that letter by dropping the final hook: ~ .When writing this and other connecting dotted letters, you should place the dot more or lessin vertical alignment with the initial tooth of the letter. The exact length of the body andplacement of the dot may vary somewhat according to the style of the handwriting or printfont; study the various styles you see and imitate the one that suits you .

Now write the first two letters of the alphabet joined together: L :a . Do not pick up the pento cross the -until you have finished writing the alif joined to it. Copy the example andpronounce it aloud: L ~I < i J

D

When ~ occurs in medial position, connecting segments link this letter to previous andfollowing ones as shown. This will become clearer when you learn a few more letters.)Copy the example:

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Final -:--esembles the independent form with the final hook. This form may be illustratedby writing two -:-s together: ~. Copy the example:

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Now you can write your first word in Arabic: ~~ door. Practice writing this word bycopying the example shown below, pronouncing it out loud as you write. Remember: donot stop to dot the letters until you have finished the skeletal structure of the entire word.

taaThe third letter of the alphabet is pronounced like a clear, frontal English How

many different ways do you pronounce t? Read the following list aloud the way you wouldnormally pronounce the words when speaking: bottle , te eth , a utomatic . Of these words,most American speakers pronounce the t in teeth farther forward in the mouth, against theback of the teeth. This is the correct position of the tongue for the pronunciation of thisArabic sound; do not confuse it with the flap of the tongue you use to produce automatic.Arabic ..:...must be pronounced with the tip of your tongue against your teeth, but withoutaspiration. Since e, is a frontal letter, the vowel sounds surrounding it are frontal too; inparticular, the alif and fatHa short a are pronounced like a in bad and e as in be t not like ainfather and u in but .lAspiration refers to the breathy sound often heard with t, p, and k. Light a match, hold it infront of your mouth, and say, Peter Tom and Kirk went to town. The flame will flicker each timeyou pronounce one of these letters. Arabic sounds do not have aspiration, so practice saying t and kwith a lit match in front of your mouth until you can pronounce them without making the flameflicker.

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LISTENING EXERCISE 3. LMJISTEN TO THE SOUND OF THE LETIER ..::.. AND REPEAT. PAY ATTENTION TO THE POSITION OF YOUR TONGUE ASYOUDO SO AND NOTICE THE FRONTAL QUALITY OF THE VOWELS.

WRITING LMJWatch Professor El-Shinnawi on your DVD as you read and write this section. This

letter has the same shape as the -:- and is also a connector. Instead of one dot underneath,however, it is written with two dots above its body: .:::...associate the sound t with two dotson top . In printed text, the two dots are separated, as you see. In handwriting, however,they are often run together into a short horizontal bar (this depends on local practice). (Tryto write two dots quickly and you will see how this handwriting form developed.) Practicewriting the independent e by copying the example: < a ~

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Practice writing e in initial and medial positions by copying the word ~ Jjatub asshown: ~-- --1 : \C a . ~,JC}\lJ

Practice writing e in final position by copying the word ~ bit :-r - 14 -


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DRILL 2. ~DICTATION. WRITE THE WORDS YOU HEAR ON DVD. CLICK ON EACH NUMBER AND LISTEN AS MANY TIMESAS NECESSARY.

1. 3. 5. _ 4. 6.

tnaaThe fourth letter is pronounced like the first sound in three. Do not associate this

sound with the English letters th , because the English spelling represents two quite distinctsounds, each of which has an Arabic equivalent. Pronounce three and that out loud severaltimes and compare the way you pronounce them. The letter e, represents the sound in three,not the sound in that . Remember this by reminding yourself that this letter has three dots,and say three out loud before pronouncing or reading e, .LISTENING EXERCISE 4. ~LISTEN TO THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE SOUND ~ AND THE SOUND 1H IN 1HAT ARABIC j) UNTIL YOU CANHEAR IT AND DISTINGUISH ONE F ROM THE OTHER. NOTE ALSO THE FRONTAL QUALITY OF BOTH SOUNDS.

ok. /.. :.....:.. .DRILL 3.DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN THE SOUNDS IN THREE AND THAT. SAY THE FOLLOWING WORDS OUT LOUD ANDCLAS SIFY THEM BELOW ACCORDING TO THE S OUND THEY CONTAIN, TIi REE OR TIiAT:

theyal thoughweather

thumbthinkbother

teeththroughtheft

therebrotherthen

throbtogetherdepth

thusthoughtrather

THREE:

LISTENING EXERCISE 5.LISTEN TO THE SOUND OF THE LETTER ~ ON THE DVD AND REPEAT.

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WRITING

This letter is a connector, and is written just like -:-and iz in all positions, exceptthat it takes three dots above. In print, the three dots appear as you see in the box above,but in handwriting, the three dots are usually connected and written as a caret-shaped mark which can be slightly rounded) as shown in the example below. Watch Professor El-Shinnawion the DVD and practice writing and saying independent e, : 1 \ 0)~

l ~d SJ

Copy and practice initial ~ in the male name ~L:a thaabit :

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- -- >Practice writing medial ~ in the word ,-, /i tathbut :

\lWrite final..:.... by copying the word ~ tabuth :

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c

DRILL 7.DICTATION.

iND- -1. 3.2. 4.

The long vowel < . . ? also functions as a consonant at the beginning of a word, or when

preceded or followed by a vowel: it is pronounced like y in y es . S ay ee ee ee ee and go rightinto a and you will hear yourself say y.LISTENING EXERCISE 7. iND- -ISTEN TO WORDS CONTAINING THE CONSONANT < . . ? AND REPEAT.

When < . . ? is preceded by a fatHa and followed by sukuun, it forms a diphthong thatis pronounced like ay as in sa y (or, if following emphatic letters, like i in like . The sukuunalone may be written on < . . ? to indicate this diphthong, or the fatHa may be used, or bothsukuun and fatHa. Thus there are three different ways of vocalizing the word ~ house :The sukuun alone can indicate these diphthongs because it can only occur on consonants, soif you see ~, you know that the letter is functioning as a consonant and that a vowelprecedes it. In this case, the vowel must be a fatHa .LISTENING EXERCISE 8. iND- -ISTEN TO THE SOUND OF THE DIPHTHONG -- AND REPEAT.

,~DRILL 8.DICTATION.

iND- -1. 3.2. 4.

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DRILL 1. ~DICTATION.

5.2. 6.3. 7.4. 8.

This letter represents the sound n as in noon.

LISTENING EXERCISE 2. ~LISTEN AND READ ALOUD WORDS CONTAINING W

WRITING ~ .w is a connecting letter whose shape resembles that of -:-in initial and medial

positions, except for the placement of the dot. It differs from -:-in that the independentand final forms of 0 take a characteristic tail shape that dips well below the line. Watchthe DVD and practice drawing the shape of independent w making sure to bring the tailback up across the line: ..U O G l _

~

At the beginning or in the middle of a word, write Ls you write ~ , but dot above ratherthan below the letter. Copy:

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Read aloud and copy:I have i..?~ prophet ~

In final position, 0- begins with a tooth and then dips immediately into a deep tail below theline. Bring the tail back up across the line. Practice final 0 by copying these names:- ~male ~l

-o ~ 0 ~. , . Io = t ' J 0=0:1..female u~ .~

Read aloud and copy the following names (top line female, bottom line male):d pI q ., - -~.)

,.)~-

DRILL 2.READ ALOUD THESE NAMES OF COUNTRIES AND CITIES:

L.) ~

G :sWI~ _ > A~ ..r-b~Gu -

: J~~ ...d .-, =~~~~~ ~-,i

0 ~u~l...LA1~~ _...J-A

o _~1 ,

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