gt for gte (cga)

8/18/2019 GT for GTE (CGA)

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Utilities / GT Operation

Chaudhary Ghulam Abbas


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Types of Water

Canal Water Raw Water/Well Water

Drinking Water

Fire Water

Cooling Water

Boiler Feed Water (BFW)

Treated Water (TW)

Demineralized Water (DM)

Polished Water


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Water at offsite

Parameters

(ppm) Bad Canal Water Good Canal Water Well Water

PH

7.5-7.8 7.6-7.9 7.6-7.9Conductivity(us/cm

) 380- 500 230-370 800-1000Total Hardness

140-180 100-130 188-220Ca-Hardness

84-108 68-85 100-120Mg

56-72 32-45 88-100M-alkalinity

130-180 90-115 235-260ulp!ate

50-130 30-45 100-120C!loride

20-50 10-20 40-55silica

6-13 4-8 17-20T-iron

1-3 1-3 0.1-0.3T

500-1000 500-1000 500-1000


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Coolin+ ,at)r #uly C"-401 /

Parameter "ange& 7.1 ! 8.8

(r)) Chlorin) 0.1 ! 0.3

"& 600 ! 1000

Ammoniam/ 0 ! 40

Chlorid) 0 ! 250

Calcium &ardn)ss 400 ! 700#ulhat) 0 ! 585

Conductiity 1000-4000

".*ron 0 ! 3.0

$itrit) 0 ! 40

rthohoshat) 2 ! 6

. Alalinity 100 ! 200

Coolin+ ,at)r )turn C"-401 /

%aram)t)r an+)

& 7 ! 8

Ammoniam/ 0 ! 40

".*ron 0 ! 5

Cooling Water


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Treated Water

"r)at)d ,at)r "-401 /

Chlorid) $il

"& $il

#ilica 0 ! 0.5

#odium 0 ! 2

Conductiity 0 ! 25

& 8.5 ! 9.5

Boiler Feed Water

#odium 0 ! 2

& 8.5 ! 9.5

"& $il

Ammoniam/ 0 ! 40

#ilica 0 ! 0.8

Conductiity 1 ! 30


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#emin WaterChlorid) 0 ! 0.02

"& $il

#ilica 0 ! 0.1

#odium 0 ! 0.7

Conductiity 0 ! 10

& 6.0 ! 7.0

Polis!ed Water

"& $il

#ilica 0 ! 0.02

Conductiity 0 ! 0.2

& 6.0 ! 8.0

$acket Water

$itrit) 600 ! 900


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Gas Turbine


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Isothermal or Constant Temperature Process

In isothermal expansion heat to be continuously addedto keep temperature at initial value.

In isothermal Compression heat to be continuouslyremoved to keep temperature at initial value.

Isothermal Flow Equation

PV = CONSTANT (For Perfect Gas)


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ADIABETIC PROCESS

Adiabatic Process In Adiabatic Process NO heat transfer To or From the fluid.

Adiabatic Process may be Reversible or Ir-reversible.

Adiabatic Process flow Equation

PV γ= CONSTANT ( γ= CP

/ C V

)

For Reversible Adiabatic Process, Temperature/Pressurerelationship

(T2 / T1) = (P2 / P1)(γ- 1)/γ (For Perfect Gas)


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Working cycle: Brayton Cycle

Process 1-2:

Isentropic compression in the compressor Process 2-3:

Addition of heat at constant pressure Process 3-4:

Isentropic expansion of air Process 4-1:

Rejection of heat at constant pressure


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How does Gas Turbine works?

Gas turbine functions in the same way as theCompressed Ignition Engine. It sucks in air from theatmosphere, compresses it.

The fuel is injected and ignited. The gases expanddoing work and finally exhausts outside.

The only difference is instead of the reciprocating

motion, gas turbine uses a rotary motionthroughout.


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The three main sections of the Gas Turbine

1.Compressor

2.Combuster

3. Turbine


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BASIC COMPONENTS


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The compressor sucks the air from the atmosphere andcompresses it and guides it to the combustion chamber.


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This is an annular chamber where the fuel burns and is similarto the furnace in a boiler. The air from the compressor is theCombustion air.


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Stationary guide vanes of turbine direct the gases to the nextset of blades. The kinetic energy of the hot gases impacting onthe blades rotates the blades and the shaft.


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ADVANTAGES OF GTE’s

Weight reduction of 70%

Simplicity

Reduced manning requirements

Quicker response time

Faster Acceleration/deceleration

Cleaner and safer fuels Less vibrations

More economical


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Open Cycle Gas turbine

Fresh air is drawn into the

compressor from atmosphere.

Heat is added by combustionof fuel.

Exhaust from turbine isreleased in atmosphere.

Arrangement of continuousreplacement of workingmedium is required.


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Closed Cycle Gas turbine

In this , cycle is closed and

exhaust is not open toatmosphere.

In this there is continuouslysupply of same working gas.

Higher density gases likehydrogen or carbon dioxide isused.

So we get higher efficiencythen open cycle GT.


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Applications

Turbojet engines

Marine field

Supercharging

Railway engines

Generation of electric power

Industry


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Application in Aircraft

• Nearly all the military aircrafts are powered by gas

turbine.

• These are used for the higher generation of power inplane.


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As there is cut off the auxiliary engine gas turbinegets started.

As the speed of the plane increases the compressor

gets rotated and compresses the air and that getcombusted in combustion chamber. Then the exhaust gases are thrown out.


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Working of Gas Turbine


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GAS TURBINE COURSE

8.FUEL SYSTEM

9.COOLING & SEALING AIR SYSTEM

10.COOLING WATER SYSTEM

10.ATOMIZING AIR SYSTEM

11.FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

12.COMPRESSOR WATER WASHING

13.GAS TURBINE MAINTENANCE


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Gas turbine Components

Gas turbine assembly consists of six major section or groups

1.Air inlet

2.Compressor

3.Combustion system

4.Turbine

5.Exhaust

6.Support system


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Accessory Compartment

Several system involved in turbine operation located in thissection :

1.Starting Mean

2.Fuel System

3.Lubrication & Seal Oil System

4.Hydraulic System

5.Cooling Water System

6.Atomizing Air System

Major components - starting motor, torque converter &accessory drive gear.


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THANK -YOU

gt for gte (cga)

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