- h ^ k , • - fe a

L Q n i n u s n u t J C J i i i u n o o c c s l o " i t l n u u a t i t J i ^ c s e o & J U C u o o o ^ o f j j s i i

n n i i t t n t u s n u i i n n n i i a n s i i j c i i i S j j t t n c a i t m S o i j n o r i Y t J u n n u c c n S u c T i i i i i i t t n o * ^ d ^ Si h a * „ c o ' ^ o o j j i J O i u s i i j a ' > o c i n 0 ^ L u c 8 a ( i i ; ) ? j f n 9 0 i ) i j L i J c i i 9 3 O 6 3 ? ^ & i i i j . u u a u u f i i j u o n

tj iL» ^ ca •-» # ^^ d

cjjgjjn^uiijttaoccat;? !

J ^ ' q •» a ! j 0 c t l u i i i i j c n i c 3 j 9 0 s i 0 t t n c n ] j a : a t ; : iL i8 ' 5 i j iL i iuLnc jJ90 inJJn^n9 i j .

ti '^'UJ, c c a o f i s c u u J j n n ' ^ i u i j j j c c n i n i a s f i w o n Y t n

a i o m o a i I ) n S f i i J ' > ' ^ n n c S 9 3019:1. f u j i n s c u i j i i u 9 9 n c c a t f > c s n s n o u o n a ' i o c S o c c i i o

h a ^ * o o ^ fa ^ erf « ccTilLi^^siou c s n s i o ^ D 8 G o i j n i j n 9 i j n 9 i j m e j n c 8 0 j ^ s i n j j . ttntj3uc0jjjjj6iictn9. t j o

ca w o / ao lw / Q <i < a ' < a , * ' Q c f l i j c j j 9 3 9 ] j c n s i i a t ; f j o u j j ^ f j o t j j j a £ 0 c a o 9 . I j i i j i j i c c a 0 i i u u e j 0 c 3 j 9 3 ^ c m j j 9 i n c n n

jjTiSoiiiJUo c c a i ^ f i u u n n u t n i a n S o j j i i S j J m o u . c c a i : t m m i j 8 a n i n o t n a i ^ 3 J ' i t g ) i i i u u i 3

b ki •»-»•-» ^

c ^ g ^ t i j r 3 c S 9 o f i Y n S j j a £ o a ^ n u t n t : n t : \ i J s 9 f « i j n 3 9 0 0 c S 9 3 m u t o i 3 r i e J i j i \ n

I i n 3 u ] j 3 j i c 3 i j 3 j : ; c n i s c i ) u c i j £ s 9 3 c ^ 0 c s 9 3 8 3 3 n 3 c 2 9 3 ^ . ( i a t i f i j j i s c 9 ' > i j n 3 i h i j .

a a t : n j j i j ' ^ 3 i j i i a i j u ( J o o siu n L i i ) n 3 m i j a : a : j c a i j ' " i 9 n i : n c i S 9 3 i j n 3 m u . u u i j d j j i 3 0 J j

a a s m a i j i j n a - c n ' i a s m o r i i j m a i i ^ i j n g i n m i j c c a i ; .

S n S c § i j S i J 8 9 3 i j n 3 5 i i m 9 i J i J u a i J c i i J U 3 i i a : i i j ' i 3 i j i j n i J ^

d fc; ^ t; « t; * ?do i iu93mu'wjnmi j ccat ; i jn3SiJOT9iJ i ianc9ncSi j5 i i j j i jJ j '^ i j ]J3*ts inni )a j i jn j juno . ccat:

mu '^ i i s ) ' i j jn i i j 0 t j i j 3 t ta t ; j i lmaa93 i j * i9mu. a 9 3 i j ' ^ ^ S 9 0 L i i 5 J i J 9 ^ c j J 9 3 c c u u C u n s o i

o (J ^ * ^ „ I

a 9 3 l i ) ^ o j j t n ^ c 2 9 3 t n c u i i f i t g r i 3 u n i j q r i 3 c S 9 3 n 8 o n m 9 i J T i n t j Y d ? i j ( i m ccasifi

^ " " da* > " cca:;69n(naMtJ9uu'^nnnnn^0Suio 7]oo-goo ccjjo j u

<a ii a i c a s r . a a ccnias. aatTi^cmu9cciiocmii9n'inmijcmij9i:i'^ cmjj9u'inrin'iniJD!J3Ui)'^ut;asi

DU. uijunuJiJiw'iomijoeJUjjTUJisinocTii:is)'iaiS93w:;asj. SoitJJJtnooiantjnwnTiu

A A • ^ A . ' Q W ^ • <aQ Q o <f , „ • a fc „ •

TOJiiisinijmuoEJUij. Im^risinifjuu'^Lncuo. ca6iJCs)ijuucs5iJD099]T=«inm)nTi

^ b I o d siiuSom9iJcs3u53J. cca:jfi3j'^nougannoucan9:itm:inucuo • ii • „ . <aa .

0 1 i99i i iJt tUjJunouj jm9U^CJJ93^cmiJ9J^D. n 'UJ99i i3J99Ji^a ' is90Ut:as ! ) ccat ; i i

, •'o • a- QO „ ' a ' a a . , ^ b

ccat:fithii\ni)noojjtji9jjj ji j3jictiucij^. '^los'tij'jint^jiij

o a d h , ,

CftOO 61U jjns^uu'insjij, acn, at;si9uiiai;c89omaija'^yincwo

u:itmSnjj:itma9ijtntmij]jss5n8mIin, ccna^siijjjucsnaixoolniijjto t\ SD JI siu s^u ©, Q Gf . ^ ^ ^ o b a , t b j j i t j n l n s i n j j d . c j j g s J n c s n r i n u s ^ i i c c a o T i S o s E U O J J i j n n a i i j j j s u n i i j a n j j ' i Q g ^ m j j .

b a a a „ a & a „ a „ d , ' ' o ' s3a:n3majjsijc3j9nnjjuiuij9^cij90cmejsijcu9. sucu9unijLnciJ93cnyilfitjusio I t & o b Q ~ u . t l n d

uu Jina'iuiJiJ'^fiuoniiYd c 911 c 9'iiJn'Lmsjccnotmu^ ^ © v.- „ cl d a a a d q & a

c 0 i j n « i 0 n n i 0 9 D i n j i n ? J 0 n c D 0 . u i u c m i J 9 C 3 J 9 o c m i j 9 C u u l n t J D n a o u ' i c ^ i j 8 i j c u 9

- i i -

K a • ca „ - • ' o i w , " , d ^

C'^' icxj93iJSijciJ9CiJ909COTi)9i iat ; : i t5ri36ii imcfl i j j jnri i jn8(j i i ) ; i jTiacTi u r a s s i g u n

SeionuSunman^ cun:;o'i lncS9S9nc39cmijfifJ35iJCT93J(iaoiJU. i iumSSuliJcSg

< a ' a « . ' c J .

«-> f t^ ^ Q <i a fclfc; ca^

iionu, siciin, n9uey ccaoficdottoonnijmajjmiiixnarjauon^ij Soueiu

i jot jaanonottci j jgi janinicuo (* o u fi siuntmo Ji o u ii sin. iqnssiujnjj'^^iiijun

93jtny'^o\wsnao9iJL)'ioij9?j9ijtnnu9ijauni2n. ccaiinuon (2oo i iu ijnoiau890Jds

u ' l C ^ i c S g o ' i i n i J i a n . cs'i\ilm9U^JJC9njj'i35ijm9ijaomS\tlS9riii^^ccatfia93u:u

u m u s g n t J i n j g i n i o S , o i n o u t i t j n j j t t a ^ c a u o e o j j n n

Su5iuiJ::m:;jijjmij aatifijnntjijnniinauijncaojiij^mijtta^incili i i i ' i i ja

8 i o u : i t i n c ^ i c 5 9 o ^ c n i S 9 u f i t t n : i i i u a : ; m n a t ; m i o ccariUJiSan u n m a u s g o u s s j i c ^ n

fiueoiw9U9ijtn. ijnouijfid'iijTioiiijtiJijntJ'iijntyiiytiriuij' ItlnumjjnjitJJCT^ocsn

f )^ i i^dni3 ja :u i jhs9o^i j89ni ) in i j^?Ji sjjcSgij^&Jngii . wnuLsiu S D m u i n l u n i u

- i -

Q DCI S I « Q I O FC & A I « SQiinijjy. uorttnaiisj jt jnnjj '^ij icngu'^t^^nujj ' ioojj ' iso ' iomu. s u c u o u ' ^ o o

a & <a b Q 6 - w a f Q ' V ' • ^ fc 511J 8JJCU9U'1O0'=»lj:3QinO£JlJlJJJi:i'l91JlJ0Udlt01tJ'^JJO1LIJJ6«J. iJimODU'^OOliU

u X n c S o , I n t n S , S l n S n i i n , t n n o n o , t n z J i u u i o f i c a ^ t ^ j i c a ^ j j ' i n c S ^

© K a o i . " 1. 1 q a ^

o n c s i d n i c n Q . n u m o j n n i i j n i o c s ' ^ i i J i n m a i ^ j J n m a n ^ ? ] manc jcc iQu m a m u

m a ' i ^ o i j a u c l o f i s n n m D n t J t i c S Q t j ^ " t u x i ^ i j ^ o o m i j . S o ^ u i Q t J i i J u ' w j t ^ a j j S j j

u O l t J m i c i j Q I t j l a c i j 9 l t j n ' i j j i j n 9 i ) t t a : i l i j i j 9 u t j n i t ) t j 3 a n i d n 0 j j i i j ^ j j t t a s ; c a 6

ln§ i j^utn9u ttiJijm9iJ9ijtn9ijSucS^8t)cs^?ijo'iOT9iJm3j'irilJjn9yi\3J9ijtn. u i ^

o o o Q . ® , • a o GU, - ^

.•a " t^. t a

» I V 1-. f I t, * r • • tJOTjnugioiiJsineio'iiJaiJO'^csiWintJO'^^ij. u n o n u u i m o o n s i o ^ o n ^ o o c c n u

C 9 ^ . tL l t ) j3n\Ll£ jnn(xnnc l i ia :nnc§9t t j j oS . u n ^ w i u i i n j i i n i l n ^ g j n c m c i s g o j j n o

mucfluttuo Ln'5ioi)i;cd96iiijo]j. gumgijjjccijijmgujjnojju. sgsjauuccaooigjJMU - i s * - a ^ S ^ ^ ^ <a" o ' < a * < a

d ' l J i i jnJJwsynt j sDor in iJuo i iur cau i inn i jnsCTi i j td ca s g ^ f i c c n j i n j j l j j j j n a i i o

I- I ^

D'i89o^ci« inou' i8938uJJi 8ijttiju'^9]j LmtJ0iiJccai:ltJmo6iJijnJJisonOTO^9uijs5n

i s . _ ^ a & ^ a h , „

m 0 6 i j m j n ^ i j i n c y i j a 9 3 a n j j c n 9 i j i j UUJICUUUSJJJOJJO cmuuu ' i^w '^ i iU '^JJScg i iL l

c i l u ^ n c L ) j j c n ' ) 8 9 3 i j i ^ u n i J 6 i u i i i ) l 9 ? i j n . s i j t j u u s i j j c c m a f i c s n l i l t m i j o f i i j o t m m

I

^ i j i u s i o Y o m a i t J c n Q i j c c a o e j Q u l n w S c s n t J ' i c s n n o l i i m o t i l i j s o o ^ q B i n f i c c ^ i i S j n ^

• O Q S • ^^ „ - I fc - o ttao j j i j junujiuijnancsjQ Cmuno^occaown' nuunniot j imi jccaoj j '^sont j iu

^ I ' I » • Jjjau. ojpti^ijf ioniJioiJiiti i ioo ' imojJij ' iEJSj ' i j j f io '^ " ts f j ln i l i j o ioJJU' ia j i iE jnn^t i j

* r. ^ I ^ Q

i l ' ^ tuno^u tuTj '^t j jno^j j . cuQBen^ncjj^u'^tjQmj'T'iiJJidri^ujiujiLiijntJ

m u m'10 r i u s ' i s i n Q u ^ t u t j i i j & j a j j m i j c c a o f i n n a o r i i j o ' i c S i j i i i j L l s c s a n t t U i i Q t t t t

Sun untjoniijiu vno gu

mj^i j iJct )ui )ni jCTitJt jni jsr i j i i )ccma: j f iC9na^o\o^i)ni j3J '^\n sliJjOij iofiLiccnijLi

cgie j^noEj^j j j '^ ' iO^u. i j ' i i l n s i n i i ^ u o r i l t n o ' ^ i j o i o m a ' i t j r i t j u c r t j c c i j a ^ o m i j . o n .

s o t j S c S u s i u c S o o ^ c t J u e i u a t l n i i l i J c s n i i i c i n ' i t ; c s o Y s i j g o e j u c p f j . w o n u c n u

csioimuccmat a^ytn'^olnccaofiwiriu^ncmuoo U0ncj3un9ijjnn893jj'i3^n a . a ' ^ a . of en b

ffinjjictiucu9us80ui0 c?j '>i :ctli)s93ccijntjsnn. u ' ^ o n u i o M u o i g u n o n o n n o n o

c m S 9 ^ u 8 9 n c g c i c £ 9 3 i J 3 t ^ u c c m a s l d S 9 n n 9 £ j n ' ^ 0 c c m . \tJs9ci '=i9Jjn9tjn'^ottmuu

n 9 t j n i 3 c m m i i m * i o c 2 9 c S 9 3 § 3 m i j c c m a s ccatifiYiJ

s s c ' ^ i n i o ' i tgYdi i^TOios inuu^nccao i j u c s n s i g n c ^ i s g o j j i j c c a o s o o u s n o

„ a Q d a « u i o s n t j t t n C^DSccoiat; . c s n c a j j c n n ^ m u j j ' i o i a ^ o c y o m ' i o c i j g o i j o j ^ u L u i o u o n o i o

« H A s o i o m a ^ o j j n j n o o c j j 9 o u 6 0 w mnot^ieiniiccmas n o g o t J o a c L l u a j j u u 6 i i c t n 9 c s n o ' i

c 3 u c a j 0 3 U £ 3 Y n c m i j f n o c m j j a j n r i o n o s o ' i o n ^ r i o n s i j a o o n n i i o n o s o ' i o t t m a m ,

^ • fci^' a „ ^ & Ji cf •

Q , u ' i u i ) 9 u c u o o i j . t inoiJJCOTuniidULigi j^mgoTiuj ju D s c o u t ^ u i j t c u i f i c m j j i s s i j j ' ^ : ;

'ii<a ^ ^ i i i j wiiiuJj ' isSiouisSi^ijnLioi^u w o n ^ n i j g o woninno

tv t ^ fc a •

mJJuniitoinnnxJijnotta^iW'iijnomija^LiinnoniJusi'tiiccmasccaa i

Sc j j j s i i j^na i j LccciSf iSio '^so^osnD S o ' ^ u o c S g o n u c o ' ^ t n u o t H i i ' i E j l t J n n E j J j n

TicSguunu sgoJJiSQnosf iomi j^tui i^Mnsonlno^Ot^p '^ s l^un^oScSj jd^Oij js i ' i

amas cccijrigiificSijii^'teoqunson^ccmat o « el ^ u o o o ^ . fct .

^nor i i j au in iJoaatwnni j cmi jLs io iJs jnsano ' iSOsanbntJSS ' iJ j in iJwnnj j r i ' i tJ j jn

Ll9nw?j u n s g o D n i j j j j a j j iJ ' iSr jS ' im '^ar i iJO ' i t t iJ i jgo^tnt t iJ i jL i j tn i ia i j tns in iJ ' i t i^ tJs ' i

i i u i i u u o f u n e n s i i i j u o r i u g i ^ m o g g i j j u o U ' ^ n ' ^ r i Y t J c s i a o u ' i r ) s i s n s d ' ^ j j l n i j u a t }

o b ' fc; I I I U ' ^ L i s c o j j K n s o n u i j t t m a s . u g u o ^ o t ^ a ' i i j i j t t a t ^ t t n i c c i j j j o ^ o u f i i n c a i g c c a o w n j s r i i j c e i s i o

c^it^^nnoceiomuccao finocn'^^nocn'i^tJCM'iso'iijCMn^^muiJtiJ'iij l u o a a o

s '^uccaujsnumj j i j^Cumu iJ(xn6iijSniJ6iijiJiiriiJ'iC9nm9iiiJijccm0C9*innijyijC9'iLliJtJ3

^ ^ i.*^© „ o „ fc; * • ^Gi i< ,CL airi U

iJ0cctJ0mn3Li9Jj^Li9DUJi^muijn'ioija:a3 (2 l u j eS t u o u c m u t j c i i i i i i j j j o c c j j u t c i c s g

giuiju c c a s o ' i Q Q J i u n n i o o j j o n ^ i j t t a o n o i i o J j ' i j j Q i j ^ u c c a o i i & J O J i j j c s n t n s i j O O

eiija:iS393ici3 usu' ssijtloyjjfntjjjoo (») in unu ucnuuQwiJocjCTrinc'^njjQjj

k d w c a b u o ^ iLj y * m^ ^ ^ en <!> CT|noicUijcgJejjuiJjjciJ8:iiJncujjc}cDuc'^iU9D u m j u u c u u t n c a Q u n u o T)IU I I t ^ i • © ef onu99iiuoijccaou. cs'^nonSoricanootntj^mjj So^-JiJ'ccso unuotnooq

fc O k « ^ (St _ „ ^ • i • Q

ma03ui]&jnqct|nmutinjju99ji]j9ucca0tj? v Tinucjjgcfi: •ntjj^^unu^u'^SULlgtjno

ccao. c'3i'^jj9uciinincs39dijimiinjjnun9u. cin]jc8i9sjjijn(mjcsiiic9i30tn:;jj

nouocsoaiTi tn^osimji tciuonjgmoinccatjriSoycmjj sS tn ^ snulnSccnsu

j jan5ofnt ; i^ i ]nuinc^yaiJjnccaoriYncaoloana93S3i iao S n s i y j u g o n o S o ^ ' ^ O

& U. & o ' " * d

ccasuccjjijo^ojygiocing coanuucjocDiJcugo

j j ^ o o i ^ j j . csnfiutt jnti iJJCsnjiucnianScman c s ' i t t d o i i u S ^ n o s u S ^ n o s u c s n

o'^c!njj9UDniJCnsdr;'^DUJj?J3^ro^mjjccmas uiosiuncs '^i ioj j i j t tmas c s o o m g

^ l o s u c s n j i u ^ m i j n o ^ ' i o ^ nounfi^iiuSjjnnEj. I g s i ^ c l o t t a o u n S S'luccaunniJ- .

fc ha ^ ca b Q . V ^ is „ a ^ '

UJjm9JJsi5jjjiJttai)Jisi)n8iJiJijjJ6imij oim£jOTmjj'(jiu'iotJijjttmo:i ccsajjjisunsucsion

siunsin3ji99ij?jfinngimu^09u0:s3iin8unsij s3 'u js9i i8903j ) jr )s io3i j u i o m u c g n ^ n o d • „ u'd O o ' - , y. d o d H a o J S , ^ ^

tta:jiic90c'5»i3jijsijjtjctjijc'^'wj]ja]jctn9 c^nuijaijijcflijgijj

I I I t k ccmat e n o n e i u u ^ Ll t i '^uuuo^oi j j s i i^tnc innoiJOQjncctJt j j i c c iJ i iunmutno^o

ccao n^ojjnctiijnoin'ionnoijnjiijfccjJijti'iijf^o^ ccatficSjjo^OSiu^ii^

m (lasfiJj'iSijiiijSoSs'UisiiiQniJociJijSjitiriynncQ CQUjnoSumQJJcSucjj

ttatijnoMJJuieJjmij^eiicmn'jiOcSnsiiJijjjcSijSoccaosn^'^O, s i s i o n c j , s i 5 o »

a i< d a ' i<

Cmnu; CmjiijmunoujiJ3jj'imDn^iiiju'=<t:Cmc?Juuo, unuc'^nuij^jjcQJuc':! ')

c i b b J o ' d ' L'u^uuijttaia:^ tta:iDnii3n9ij«?'isj:iucnc9S3Kntijn!)csiTi93ljJmjjOTun. mun

^ d h li , . • - ' o f c i c0ijmjjij3s?ijnnjtt0ias ccatJiaoosiujjij^n^ucciJosnu^ctnoouj c c a : i i i c 9 i c t j 9 0 ^ o o ^ , d * « J ti Q ^ fc h dnnuccariagnJijjL ttasiaoocs'HiaoriWnoocuotjgjjcsnuomuii^iJcmu^jj^n^ij

o • fc „ • « <A h h ^ • J fc ^ " fc nu^Ljj^3Jmjjc8ioiej j i juus)U9o c j tnui i^ i j i jcs i^gi iygj j j jomi jnt jcmu. u i o u u .

a J o J • • b • " ^ « {j* caDiJ0sinD39nuo' i^u u i j 9on9'^uucc3jijunoujjm9jjccao. u o j j i j ^ u ^ c t j i j i j i o

• ^ i< d h y ^ cfc h Q ^

SticcujjJjiScnocSijiJ'igin cciJij?ySc3usn5i6ivc?Ju^oic3jj\tnauccma:j tyui^jj

aio08*^0511111) 9 i i s £ j i s 9 o c c i j i j o ^ o t ^ s i 8 i m t j ' i \ i j S u u n ' u j a i l o s i i i i c ^ i p i j i x j i Ui % I n c a i ' i m S o .

tJonc89oo^o?j)Siiu n i u s i u c x j i i i u c n l f i c a n t m & l o o ' i ^ n f j i j w ^ o c s n i j . ccnnui

'^i jCT:i0S)lJjLi : ; '^UDuiJi36ii jaiocm0^tti : ioiJi j . i i m a i f j j j n s i i ^ ttao:n:ius3n3ii'>o

S1CJ T:itac'^iMijitJOi C'SiiLinijc'^')CJJ93 c ^ i g i s n a n c j j g o c c j j u c ^ ' u j i j ^ i j n t i

s l j j c y i i f i o n c c j j u g i t j j t m u r i o ' i c c j j u . a l u n n o o n ^ u c m i ^ i S o L g i i i s i n j j a i ' ^ o ^ u n i i n ^ o .

^ijuiut^O LinuccTi^mnoii^tnizgii ijaioejniaiijmijiimat uiui^o Diucniccaofi

- C J -

c u o , s n c j c J i t j , s i t j u t o c j , s n u u n , S'^UYJI. S Q u S t n r i Y t J s n E j ^ c S Q O U ' i i j

O . ^ ^ r , o o m u c f l u ^ i j i j s i n t j o i n Q u e j u w i y m j j u i ^ o ^ O j y s i n i j D ' ^ c O i j ^ i j i J s a i t o m i j j j ' i c tJ j j

I t-. • Si , Q ' ti .-OO Q J i< CU _ utj ' ioi^ijcOTnt c J s o c s n c u g o d i o t J s o

ahao r . „ ^ h o « . Q , , Q ojjjjancnnoiaiti qri!)6iijtij8ocsniy6ini)ijsio'iijtj'iijsio'iijiiooia'itja:a:;iiijticiiji:)'i.

t J s o S g n r u j t j ' i c c a s f i c w i j n i j ' i i j i J ' ^ t J t J J U j l f i cJo 3 n i t i l i J .

^ •• ' i .* '* ^ <a & ^ , J Si ^ J q n s i j C L l ] j w t ; t J ' i c a t n u l n 9 O t J C i i 9 3 l i n i i m a t : m o c j J 9 3 S J j J i u t J s 0 C S n s i j r i u t J s 3 C S 3 n

• ' ' o J o ® muutni coumujjGouSaGuiniJD S i u m u u siija'iocmoai?iiatjsijjaioajjj s i u a i o ^ o

l^anucsnistJ'itJii, csnuncsncsn jjcsicnuccuo siuanocmoucsnccnisiluccn

Y j j S o n o ^ u c a s ^ n t n i o m n o ' i u c s n m u t m c J s o c a n i j c r u c S i c c a t i ^ n c g ' i d j j l j J i j t O T

s i j j i t j m j j n i n n t j c j m i j o s i o i c j m a o o o n ^ j j c o i n t j I n ^ n c g ' i t t u o o t n s i o ' ^ f j j j a n a r i u n u a n

a s n i c c s i o n o c c n c r i c c s j o g i j c S i i i i i u c ^ j j i i o o c t i i i c S o o Y i J c c a t r i w t i t j i t ^ n t ^ ^ i t j u i j c i o v i

tiJuJJttao aijanocmoc3ijtj9ri6iootijtjc3iic^ntnicjijn£jmaoo^soij«nj33j^ij aao

• a K c a ^ o & n ca'

catifiSuntingosi^tJtJCuuuictnijccaiimao'^int^ocSgo Q , U GL . blSi « ' fc • w « ca & J

ounccmat: ric'5incij93ei'i tijj8ijijri6i9o o 0j sinmiijicsnii' ijci'i3jmocij9osjj89otjs3

csinmijttmat; S n i u c j i u ^osocriijiiulLltnno'^ucsnnnijmaoo cjiliYji, cnumj^, cnu & (A O

I t-

5 o » c r i i j e i o i e j l L l ^ o ^ u i i m a s r i j j S i o n i u s l i S i j t n r i i i S S a n ^ n o i i J t n i o s i J C J j g o H o c i u

S c c n t n i o c S g o a o Y t J m o f j ^ n L i S t t n c t n ' i j j u i l i o t J s Q C s i n

- Q O -

U'l^riijjsliomijccjaofiYnYiJuicSiintm'^ijtlij^n^utJjjnij'^ ccariricsnsiPJt's csn

Xfi j j c s n i j s : j j i n ^ 3 9 9 i j s i i 6 m j j u j i n i j a n o a i c s Q G J j i i c c m a : ^ n i u m ' ^ s t ' u i^ora j o

b I S ' * , * ^ w * J < a & J fc ' ijijtt]joijijcmi)s)*iossi9ijtnttni)notjs3cs)n m o c u o o s u i i D t J s o c s i n i m ^ i j o i s o o

(©QJCtCi) t J t ^ i j c s o c u Q O C ' ^ ' m n t J C s n T i c s ' i W c u g o m i j ' i t

tJsocsin . / .

F ^ h A T A P B .

I, Mai Douang Seng, shall take this opportunity to

explain about the background and history of Muong Vieng

Phookha as has been told by words of e l d e r s . The Lao

Theung who lived in the area of Muong Vieng Phookha

were the immigrants f r o m Muong Nong Se, the Land of

the Ho, Before they were evacuated f r o m Muong Nong

Se there was a war between Ho Thoung Dam and Ho I ^ ^ ^ .

I B&D P L A G ^ .

Thoung Deng, and they were i l l - t r e a t e d , so they left

the Ho land and settled down in Muong Vieng Phookha,

which was then a deserted city. At the same time the

Cham race came into the a r e a . Then the area was

attacked and defeated by the K h m e r . M o r e Lao kept on

coming in f r o m Muong Ho and chased away the K h m e r

and settled down t h e m s e l v e s . At the time this place was

not called Phookha; it had no name at al l .

Once upon a time the King of Muong Ou had a babygirl

whose hair was fragrant ; so she was cal led Nang Phom Horn.

When she grown up her name was heard through 101 cities

and the ruler of each city wanted her as his wife and each

came to ask for her hand in m a r r i a g e ; but her father did

not accept anyone of them. When she was 16 years old

- 2 -

she had 500 maids . One day her maids and she went to

take a bath and wash her hair at the riverbank. Then

one strand of her hair fell off and she was e m b a r r a s s e d

so she wound that strand of hair around a coconut chaff

and a kind of fruit known as " M a k Sane" and let it float

down along Nam Ou River. That " M a k Sane" had been

floated downstream passing through large and smal l cities

emitting its scent wherever it went. It reached Pak Ou

and passed into the Mekong. A s it passed through a city

the population of that city would wonder what kind of scent

that was so sweet. But nobody knew what it was and where

it came from. It went down to the south towards Muong

Champassack and Attopeu, and then to " L h i Phi" (The

Spirit Gorge) where there was a very deep waterfall of

about 7 0 0 - 8 0 0 m. high. To the north of that waterfall

there was a hermit cave where he taught about 500

students. One day that " M a k Sane" clung to the river

bank beside the hermitage. The hermit ' s students went

down to the bank to take their bath and to carry some

water home, and they could smel l the scent of her hair.

They went about looking for the thing that had such a scent;

. 3 -

but they could not find anything except that '^Mak Sane'*.

So they took it to the hermit and told him that it was

peculiar that '*Mak Sane'' should have such a sweet scent.

When they opened up " M a k Sane" they found a strand of

hair that had such a wonderful smel l . They realized that

it was not '*Mak Sane" that smelt so sweetly but it was the

hair. The hermit sat down to meditate and pray in order

to find the origin of the thing, and he discovered that it

was the hair of Nang Phom Hom of Muong Ou Neua. The

story then spread throughout Muong Champassack. They

also heard about Nang Phom Hom's many suitors. And

the ruler of Muong Champassack, a bachelor, a lso wanted

Nang Phom Hom as his wife. So he planned to play a trick

on Muong Ou Neua. He sent 500 of his vassals to be trained

as entertainers in folk fancing, traditional theater, all

kinds of musical players, etc. Each person could

entertain for seven days and seven nights without stopping.

After three years of training they were sent up the s tream

to present their show to any town or village that they were

passing through, and they became very popular.

When the cities in the north heard about this free

- 4 -

entertainment, some invited them to make their presentation

to the public. The entertainers went up as far as Muong

Ou Tai where its ruler sent someone to welcome them and

ask them to make their presentation. They played in Muong

Ou Tai for three days and three nights when Phagna Muong

Ou Neua and his daughter, Nang Phom Hom heard about it

and were very interested in seeing it. So they invited the

players to Muong Ou Neua. Thef players were very happy

to come as they would be able to have a good look at Nang

Phom Hom. Nang Phom Hom and her father welcomed

them warmly with a banquet, killing cattle, ducks and

chickens for the occasion. After the feast the entertainers

presented their show to the people of Muong Ou Neua for

seven days and seven nights without stopping. A s the

entertainment was carrying on without stopping the

onlookers were very tired and fell asleep including Nang

Phom Hom, her father, and their body guards. So the

actors of the show went to carry Nang Phom Hom away

in their a r m s . They went downstream on a raft day and

night as they were in a hurry to reach Muong Champassack.

At the time when the players reached Pak Ou, Nang Phom

- 5 -

Horn's father and his courtiers were awaken f rom their

sleep and could not find Nang Phom Horn. So they

gathered a troop to follow her and her abductors. They

overtook the entertainers at Pak Ou. Here they fought

vigorously and everyone was dispersed in different

directions. Nang Phom Hom were so frightened that she

went upstream all alone, giving off the sweet scent f rom

her hair wherever she went. She lost her way and had to

drink f rom the brooks or streams and eat wild fruits .

She kept on going until she reached Pak Nam Fa. F r o m

there she went further to Nam Vong, at the end of which

there was a cave, but she found nobody there except the

thick forests . In this jungle there were t igers , b e a r s ,

wild animals , roes , etc. Here there was nothing to eat

and her clothes were all torn off and she had to stay naked

in that cave known as Tham Nam Vong.

One day a hunter f rom Ban Phou Lan went hunting

in the neighboring area of Ttem Nam Vong when he smelt

the fragrance of her hair. He thought it

was the scent of

some kind of flower and he followed the scent until he saw

her naked in front of the cave. When Nang Phom Hom

- 6 -

saw the hunter carrying a gun she was very happy that

she joined her hands and greeted him respectfully and

asked him to spare her life. She told him that she was a

human being, that she had suffered a lot through lack of

food, clothing, and friends. The hunter was not sure that

she was a human being, he was afraid that she might be

some kind of spirit and asked her if she was real . He

asked her why she was naked and was it her body that

smelt so sweetly. She told him that it was her hair that

smelt and because of the fragrant hair she had to leave

her home in Muong Ou Neua. She also told him that she

was the daughter of the ruler of Muong Ou Neua and was

abducted by some entertainers. When her father discovered

that she was being kidnapped, he followed her with his

troop and they fought with the abductors at Pak Nam Ou.

She was so frightened that she slipped away from the

others and came up this way. That day was the lucky day

for her and she asked the hunter to adopt her as his daughter.

The hunter gave her some food to eat and some clothes to

cover her body; he then took her with him to Ban Phou Lan.

The villagers of Ban Phou Lan also smelt the scent of her

- 7 -

hair when she came into the village. The hunter told them

that he had picked her ap from a cave in the deep forest .

When he reached his home the hunter called the village

chief and other leading men in the village to discuss about

Nang Phom Hom, It was agreed at the meeting that the

hunter should adopt her as his daughter.

Nang Phom Hom had been living in Ban Phou Lan

for three years when she felt homesick. She told her

adopted parents that she was a Leu f rom Muong Ou Neua

and that she was not used to dry - f ie ld farming. So they

gave her a small plot of land to do paddy farming and

they assigned some workers to help her. One day while

they were digging the dike a golden deer came passing by

the dike. When Nang Phom Hom saw that golden deer

she wished to have it as it was so extraordinary; so the

workers and Nang Phom Hom tried to catch it. They lured

it with some food and followed it for several days towards

the north-west until they reached the area of Muong Nang

and Doi Dang He (Dang He Hill). While they were resting

at the top of this hill they heard the cry of a bird saying

that the golden deer had gone into the pen. So they

realized that they could not follow it anymore as it might

belong to a Spirit. When they looked around f rom atop

of this hill towards Muong Nang they saw a vast field;

when they looked towards Muong Phieng (later called

Phookha) they also saw a vast field. Nang Phom Hom

suggested that they looked around to see if there might

be a possibility of settling down there. So they walked

about along the foot of Phookha. There was no one living

in this part, only wild animals . Among these there were

three very ferocious animals: 1) a tiger; 2) a snake;

3) an elephant that ate people. Anyone passing through

this area would be killed by one of these animals . Then

Nang Phom Hom and her group went back to Ban Phou Lan.

She announced that any man who could kill these three

ferocious animals would be her husband or he would get

a reward f r o m her. There were three men who volunteered

to go; they were: Sene Phoun Koun, Meun Kok Kok, and

Thong. They went together to Pha Houak where the three

animals lived. They took with them different kinds of

weapons such as axes , guns, cross and bows, spears ,

and swords. They planned to kill the snake f irst . They

- 9 -

bored holes at the middle of the bamboo clump and set up

a fire near the clump. About five o*clock in the evening

the snake came out and wound itself around the thorn

bamboo. So the three men used their spears , swords and

guns to kill the snake by shooting it then cutting through

its body. That day they spent the night on top of a tree.

About five or six o 'clock in the evening the tiger

transformed itself into an old man. He came out with

his bedding and sat down under the tree looking up at the

three men. Each man prepared two oxen with magical

incantations to fight against the tiger; so altogether they

had six oxen. Now and then the old man under the tree

would call to the three men on top of the tree to find out

if they were asleep. When he did not get an answer he

transformed himself back into a tiger in order to kill them.

They men sent their oxen out to fight with the tiger. When

the tiger was dead they found that one of their oxen was

blind, one had his horn broken, one had his ear injured,

and the other three had disappeared. Now they had only

to kill the elephant. Every morning the elephant would

go to eat grass in Houei Nam Fa and returned to Muong

. 10 -

Phieng (later called Vieng Phookha) in the evening. Here

they set up a trap and killed the elephant. After completing

their task the three men returned home happily. Sene

Krone Kreun had a goiter as large as a coconut. He told

Nang Phom Hom that he wanted a golden necklace to cover

around his goiter three t imes. Nang Phom Hom awarded

him with what he needed. She also gave an elephant to Meun

Krao Krao. Among the three men Nang Phom Hom planned

to m a r r y anyone who could eat about 12 kg or more meat .

She killed an elephant, a buffalo, and an ox for them to

eat as a means of competition. Meun Sin ate some and

pushed some into the fire until he finished all his part.

The other two men set up a stall covered with straws and

sat on the stall to eat the meat. While eating they put

some under the stall. When they finished their parts the

people went to look under the stall and found some meat

there. But when they looked where Meun Sin sat, they

found nothing. So they declared him to be the winner of

Nang Phom Hom's hand. When Nang Phom Hom married

Meun Sin she changed her name to Nang Ouat A m and

together they went to build Vieng Phookha.

- 11 -

A s has been told by e lders , the people living in Vieng

Phookha believed in the Spirits of their parents as the

Guardians of the City, that is the Spirits of Chao Mean

Sin and Nang Oaat A m . In a later period there was a man

in the area of Ban Poung, Ban Tao named Nane Vong who

was very powerful. At the time Laos was under the rule

of Tiao Muong Nane in Thailand. Now and then Nane Vong

would go into Muong Nane to sell beehives, cotton, birds ,

chickens, etc. , and later on the King of Muong Nane gave him

the title of Khoun Patthavy and named him the ruler of

Vieng Phookha. When the French troops came into Laos

Khoun Patthavy did not get along too well with them and

he died at the age of 50. He was succeeded by his brother,

Phagna Bout, and Vieng Phookha became a colony of the

French. Now the population had to pay taxes to the French.

Those who could not pay had to work hard such as cutting

woods, and digging and building roads. When Phagna Bout

died he had no relative to succeed him except his assistant ,

Chao Muong Vandy; so Chao Muong Vandy was assigned

as the ruler of Vieng Phookha after Phagna Bout. When

Chao Muong Vandy was transferred to Muong Sing he was

- 12 -

replaced by Chao Maong Khamphoai. Under the French

protectorate the people were badly i l l - treated. They

were being conscripted to work for the public; sometimes

they had to give away their chickens, pigs, cattle, etc.

The French did not do anything by way of developing Vieng

Phookha, except building a road to Muong Sing. The

people were conscripted to make bricks , to build military

camp and high fences around the camp.

We were under the French protectorate until the year

1945 when the Japanese came into Laos and our leaders

went into Muong Ho with the French.