NORDUnet 2003, Iceland

Evaluation of cooperation and communication during training using a

distributed simulation system in the maritime domain

Hans H. K. Andersen and Steen Weber

Risø National Laboratory

NORDUnet 2003, Iceland

-5,0

0,0

5,0

10,0

15,0

20,0

25,0

30,0

Before After

Ship-Hdl.Course

C

Control Group

Student Trainee Group

Officer Trainee Group

Training effects of a long distance learning ship handling course

NORDUnet 2003, Iceland

Project objectives and partners

• Objective• Enabling education and training in ship-handling,

communication and co-operation using distributed networked simulators

• Partners• Åland Maritime Institute (ÅM, FI)

www.asl.aland.fi

• RISØ National Laboratory (Risø, DK)www.risoe.dk

• Danish Maritime Institute (DMI, DK)www.dmi-online.dk

NORDUnet 2003, Iceland

Distance learning

• Lack of direct face-to- face contact does not necessarily affect the quality of the learning process

• There is no evidence that face-to-face instruction is the best method of giving instruction

• Learning at a distance can be as effective as learning in a face to face situation

NORDUnet 2003, Iceland

Learning of cognitive, manual and complex skills

Cognition

Perception

Rule-Based Learning

Skill-Based Learning

Thinking Knowledge-Based Learning

NORDUnet 2003, Iceland

Experimental set-up

• Preparation of detailed schedule

• Briefing of trainees

• Execution of training session

(net based)

• Documentation and description

• Self evaluation by trainees

• Instructor controlled debriefing

(net based)

NORDUnet 2003, Iceland

Experimental scenario

MayDay from capsized boat

MayDay received Marine Rescue Center

Ship 1 (Risø) Ship 2 (DMI) Ship 3, ÅM

On-scene commander (DMI)

Ship 1 (Risø) Ship 2 (DMI) Ship 3, ÅM

All other boats in the area

Task

NORDUnet 2003, Iceland

Single Display ”Bridge”

NORDUnet 2003, Iceland

Assesment

TEAM A

Writte n Intro d uc tio n

Instrum e nts

M a no e uvring

C o m m unic a tio n

Ship ha nd ling a nd C o m m unic a tio nSAR A

SAR B

NORDUnet 2003, Iceland

Video from experiment

NORDUnet 2003, Iceland

Multiple Own Ships - net requirements

• During SAR excersise guarantied bandwidth• Communication of ship

• Positions

• Speed

• Visual appearance (lights, signals)

• Sound

• After SAR excersise high bandwidth

• Debriefing based on instructor and student radio communication simultaniously with real-time simulation replay of scenario through the net

NORDUnet 2003, Iceland

VHF Radio Communication

• Half duplex• Medium bandwidth requirement

< 64 kBit/sec) per bridge

NORDUnet 2003, Iceland

Instructor station (OCC – Operators Control Center)

NORDUnet 2003, Iceland

Net based simulation achievments

• Multiple Own Ships through the Internet• DirectPlay (Microsoft, COM)

• HLA (DMSO, CORBA)

• Instructor Control through the Internet

• VHF radio communication through the Internet• DirectPlay/DirectVoice

• Debriefing/Replay through the Internet

NORDUnet 2003, Iceland

Results - performance of equipment

Very Poor 0 0% Poor 1 6% Average 5 28% Good 11 60% Very Good 1 6%

NORDUnet 2003, Iceland

Results - the execution of the exercise

Very Unimportant 0 0% Unimportant 1 17% Neutral 0 0% Important 2 33% Very Important 3 50%

NORDUnet 2003, Iceland

Results - physical presence of instructor during and after exercise, question

Very Unimportant 1 8% Unimportant 7 60% Neutral 1 8% Important 1 8% Very Important 2 16%

NORDUnet 2003, Iceland

Results - quality of debriefing, question

Very Poor 0 0% Poor 0 0% Average 6 50% Good 6 50% Very Good 0 0%

NORDUnet 2003, Iceland

Results - learning experience

No Improvement 2 11% Little Improvement 3 17% Some Improvement 9 50% Much Improvement 3 17% A Lot of Improvement 1 5%

NORDUnet 2003, Iceland

Results - expected outcome using simulator based training

No Improvement 0 0% Little Improvement 0 0% Some Improvement 2 33% Much Improvement 2 33% A Lot of Improvement 2 33%