heather sanders

8/6/2019 Heather Sanders

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Smart Grid, Enabling Technologies for

Maintaining Grid Reliability

Heather Sanders

Director, Smart Grid Technologies and Strategy

The Association of Women in Water, Energy and

EnvironmentNovember 4, 2010


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Smart Grid provides enabling technology to

achieve California energy and environmental goals

Slide 2


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Smart Grid has many definitions and brings together

the electrical and information infrastructure

Slide 3

Source: GE Energy, The Smart Grid Lunch and Learn, Session 1: The Smart Grid and its Benefits

The smart grid is the application of technologies to all aspects of theenergy transmission and delivery system that provide better

monitoring, control, and efficient use of the system.


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The grid today controls conventional generation to

deliver to load, continuously balancing the system

Slide 4



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The introduction of renewable generation, plug-in

electric vehicles, storage, and smart residences

increases the complexity of managing the grid

Slide 5



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The introduction of smart grid technologies

address this complexity

Slide 6



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Leading back to smart grid technology enabling

needed capabilities for future grid management

Slide 7



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The ISO smart grid strategy centers around five

technology themes

Slide 8

Advanced Forecasting

Synchrophasors

Enabling Storage, Demand Response, and Distributed EnergyResources

Advanced Applications

Cyber Security


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Accurate forecasting is essential to establish

expectations of what resources will be needed when

Slide 9

Measurement devices aid in collectingmeteorological data that leads toimproved forecasting

Improved forecasting methodologyprovides ramping and ranges inaddition to hourly average forecasting

Wind Vane (Wind Direction)

Anemometer (Wind Speed)

Pyranometer (Irradiance)

Barometer (Atmospheric Pressure)

Solar panel (provides power)

Battery (provides storage / power)

Data logger / transmitter

Rooftop Met TowerLiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging)

SoDAR (Sonic Detection and Ranging)

Total Sky Imager

Determines cloud

size and movementto support forecastsolar output

Uses light andsound to

determine windmovement

Standardmeasurementdevices

AdvancedForecasting
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Sodar.jpg


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Phasor measurement data provides the foundation

for better grid monitoring.

Synchrophasors

Phasor measurement units provide instantaneousprecise measurements of voltage, current,frequency, and phase angles at high speeds

Used for forensic analysis of events; increasinglyused for automated control

Synchrophasor technology has been available sincethe 1990s and can now be better utilized throughfaster communications and advanced applications

http://www.gedigitalenergy.com/pr/UR540/UR-Ease-03_thumb.jpg

GPS Satellite

Regional PhasorData Concentrator

(PDC)

CAISO EnergyCommunications

Network

Phasor

Measurement Units(PMU)

Regional PhasorData Concentrator

(PDC)

CAISO Phasor DataConcentrator (PDC)

OperatorApplications

Time-synchronized

WECC Phasor DataConcentrator (PDC)


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Advanced Grid Applications support essential real

time monitoring and control for grid reliability.

Slide 11

Visualization tools synthesize vast amounts of datato provide at-a-glance grid conditions and alarms

Advanced applications will utilize PMU and SCADAdata to determine corrective action and issueautomated control signals to system resourcesAdvanced

Applications

Phase Angle situational awareness displays include

alarms and severity in categories includingfrequency limits, rate of change limits, angle limits,MW and MVar limits

The voltage stability analysis advanced application

monitors voltage and includes calculations ofmargins to collapse


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A standard, flexible infrastructure is essential to

enabling storage, demand response and DER.

Enabling DemandResponse, Storage,

and DistributedEnergy Resources

(DER)

Demand Response, storage, and distributed energy resourcesare valuable grid balancing resources

Enabling infrastructure includes smart devices, displays, control

systems, and reliable, high-speed communications network

Utility or

Aggregator

CAISO

Demand response

provider

(Aggregator)

Dispatch /Control Signal

Bids to adjust energy

consumption

Grid ConditionIndicators

WholesaleEnergy Prices

StandardizedCommunications

GridVisibility

ControlSystems

Devices

Devices

Telemetry (Actual consumptionadjustment)

Slide 12

http://newvaluestreams.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/smartgrid-home.gif


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Cyber security focuses on identification, visualization,

and resolution of threats and vulnerabilities.

Slide 13

The deployment of smart grid technologies cause networkconvergence exposing secure networks to increased risks

Communication protocols must be standardized andsecured from the beginningCyber

Security

NIST Framework and Roadmap for Smart Grid Interoperability Standards, Release 1.0


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Smart grid technologies are enablers to grid

visibility, reliability, state goals but need testing

Engaging in projects and pilots for advanced storage and

demand response Active participation in national standards development

efforts

Implementation once proven

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