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LM Fraile, CERN PH/ISLM Fraile, CERN PH/IS

Highlights from the ISOLDE facility25 January 2006

Highlights from the ISOLDE facilityHighlights from the ISOLDE facility25 January 2006

L.M. Fraile Séminaire DPNC, UGe 25 Jan 2006

OutlineOutline

ISOLDE in perspectiveProduction of RIB - the ISOLDE facilityThe low energy Physics programme→ Nuclear Astrophysics→ Ground state properties→ Neutron shell closures→ Applications

REX-ISOLDE PhysicsTowards the future…


Historical perspectiveHistorical perspective

1964 ISOLDE project approved


ISOL type facilities in 1967ISOL type facilities in 1967



1964 ISOLDE project approved 1967-90 ISOLDE operation on SC1992 ISOLDE relocated to PS Booster1995 REX post-accelerator approved2001 REX-ISOLDE experiments start


RIB facilities 2001RIB facilities 2001



1964 ISOLDE project approved 1967-90 ISOLDE operation on SC1992 ISOLDE relocated to PS Booster1995 REX post-accelerator approved2001 REX-ISOLDE experiments start2005 3080 hours of RIB2007 REX-ISOLDE upgrade to 4.2 MeV2010? HIE-ISOLDE


ISOL vs. InISOL vs. In--flightflight

Experiments

ISOL

In-flight

DR

IVE

R:

Acc

eler

ator

Rea

ctor

Thintarget

Fragmentseparator

Storageringheavy ions

Thicktarget

Ionsource

Massseparator

Postaccelerator

p, d, n… meV to ~100 MeV/ums to long-lived

GeV/u regimeμs

Gascell


CERN Accelerator complexCERN Accelerator complex

1.0/1.4 GeV protonsPulse frequency: 1.2 s# pulses ~ 6/14Intensity: 3.2 x 1013

protons per pulse2 μA ≈ 3 kW→ up to 5 μA tested!


A global viewA global view……

© CERN Photo


ISOLDEISOLDE


Production / 1Production / 1stst selection stepselection step

pn

spallation

fragmentation

fissio

n

p

Many different materialsMany different structures

+

225Fr

+ +

NA11Li

+ +

141Cs NA

1.4 GeV p

238U


Heat diffusion Heat diffusion -- EffusionEffusion

Material

Geometry

Density

Solid state structure

Dissociation temperature

Melting point

Vapour pressure

Effusion process

Adsorptionenthalpy

Temperature

Temperature Geometric path

Diffusion process

Half life

Ionsource

T ~ 2000 ºC

Thicktarget


ISOLDE target handlingISOLDE target handling


ISOLDE target handlingISOLDE target handling

Storing of targets in the tunnel

Target mounted on the Front-End


Kr yieldsKr yields

[U. Köster et al., NIM B204 (2003) 347–352]


Converter targetConverter target

Protons

nTransfer Line to Ion Source

Fission products

n

n

n

n

P

Spallationneutrons

Spallation targetISOLDE target (UCx)

1 GeV p

pn

238U

201Fr

+spallation

11Li X

+ +fragmentation

143Cs Y+ +

fission


Converter targetConverter target

UCx # 208, W Surface with W Converter

Cs yields from UCx-target with and without converter

1.E+02

1.E+03

1.E+04

1.E+05

1.E+06

1.E+07

1.E+08

1.E+09

1.E+10

120 125 130 135 140 145 150

A number (Cs isotopes)

Ato

ms

per μ

C

Jaeri directJaeri converterExp. directExp w. converter

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50Z [mm]

Cs c

ount

rate

[Hz]

142 Cs H-scan 1 GeV std beam 5E12142 Cs H-scan 1GeV focussed beam

10 mm


Ionization / 2Ionization / 2ndnd selection stepselection step

Heated tube (up to 2400 ºC) made of a material (W, Ta…) with lower work function than the species to be ionized.

Extraction electrode (60 kV) The work function of the atomic state sets the

limit on the ionization potential:

• Alkalines

• Alkaline earths (heavier ones)

• Rare earths (lanthanides)

• Group IIIa (B) elements

Surface Ion Source

~5 eV

Continuum

Electronic ground state of a radioactive atom

Ionizer ground state

Continuum

Ionizer


IonizationIonization

Plasma created by electrons accelerated in a voltage (~130 V) between the extraction electrode and the line in a Ar/Xe environment. A magnetic field is used to guide the electrons.Extraction

electrode (60 kV)

The electron impact is highly non-selective, other parameters

• Noble gases, C,N,O [cold transfer line]

• Metals with low melting point, high vapor pressure (Cd, Hg) [temperature range]

• Molecule formation: Fluorines, oxides (Sr, Y, Ba, La)

Plasma Ion Source

Ei (impact) > Eionization

Continuum


Ei


Ionization: RILISIonization: RILIS

Resonant ionization of atomic structure Repetition rate ~ 11 kHzRange: 210 nm – 1000 nm• Pumping with copper-vapour lasers (511 & 578 nm) • Adjustable dye lasers• Frequency doubling/tripling in non-linear crystals

Resonant Laser Ion Source

< 9 – 10 eV

Continuum


+


Ionization: RILISIonization: RILIS

Highly selective

High efficiency (given by the thermal distribution over the atomic fine structure of the ground state):

• Not well surface ionized (or separated) elements

• Metals with 6-9 eV ionization gap and a 1st ionization step not too far into the UV

• Hyperfine splitting gives a possibility to separate nuclear isomeric states.

Schemes:4Be, 12Mg, 13Al, 20Ca, 21Sc, 25Mn, 27Co, 28Ni, 29Cu, 30Zn, 31Ga, 39Y, 47Ag, 48Cd, 49In, 50Sn, 51Sb, 65Tb, 66Dy, 70Yb, 81Tl, 82Pb, 83Bi …

Example: Mn, gap = 7.43 eV

λ1=279.8 nm λ2= 628.3 nm λ3= 510.5 (CVL)

Efficiency ~ 10%

Isotope shifts → retuningSuppression of (surface ionized) contaminants

Choice of ionizerBeam gate LIST Requested by ~50% of experiments


Mass separation / 3Mass separation / 3rdrd selection stepselection step

“Isobaric”separationSeparation limited by the transverse size of the beamsCooling at low energy with RFQ cooler

BUFFER GASHIGH VOLTAGE

VDC(z)

z

r


ISOLDE Table of elementsISOLDE Table of elementsH

Li

Na

Be

Mg

Cs

Rb

K

Fr

Ba

Sr

Ca

Ra

La

Y

Sc

Ac

Hf

Zr

Ti

Rf

Ta

Db

W

Sg

Re

Bh

Os

Hs

Ir

Mt

Pt

Ds

Au

Rg

Hg

112

Al

Tl

Si

Pb

P

Bi

S

Po

Cl

At

Nb

V

Mo

Cr

Tc

Mn

Ru

Fe

Rh

Co

Pd

Ni

Ag

Cu

Cd

Zn

In

Ga

Sn

Ge

Sb

As

Te

Se

I

Br

Xe

Kr

Ar

Rn

B C N O F Ne

He

Th

Ce

Pa

Pr

U

Nd

Np

Pm

Pu

Sm

Am

Eu

Cm

Gd

Bk

Tb

Cf

Dy

Es

Ho

Fm

Er

Md

Tm

No

Yb

Lr

Lu

+ SURFACE –hot PLASMA cooled

LASER

ION SOURCE:

113 114 115


ISOLDE Nuclear chartISOLDE Nuclear chart

More than 850 isotopes of ~70 elements


Nuclear PhysicsNuclear Decay

Spectroscopy and Reactions

Structure of NucleiExotic Decay Modes

Atomic PhysicsLaser Spectroscopy

and Direct Mass MeasurementsRadii, Moments, Nuclear Binding

Energies

NuclearAstrophysics

Dedicated Nuclear Decay/Reaction Studies

Element Synthesis, Solar Processes

f(N,Z)

Fundamental Physics

Direct Mass Measurements, Dedicated Decay Studies - WICKM unitarity tests, search for β-ν correlations, right-handed

currents

Applied PhysicsImplanted Radioactive

Probes, Tailored Isotopes for Diagnosis and Therapy Condensed matter physics

and Life sciences

What forWhat for……??

Strong + weak interactions

Hadronic few-body system


The ISOLDE Physics programmeThe ISOLDE Physics programme

300 to 350 8-hour shifts per yearSome 35 experiments/yearISOLDE delivered 385 8-hour shifts in 2005!Program 2001-2004:

Life Sciences:4%

Nuclear Astrophysics: 10%

Fundamental properties: 19%

Solid StatePhysics: 20%

Nuclear Physics and Weak

Interaction: 47%

~20% of the time devoted to development~450 users from 25 countries/100 institutes


ISOLDE beam time summary 2005ISOLDE beam time summary 200519

9819

9920

0020

0120

0220

0320

0420

050

204060

80

100

120

140

160

Biology and Medicine

Particle and Astrophysics

Atomic Physics

Solid state physics

Weak Interaction andNuclear Physics

Num

ber o

f shi

fts

Year


Nuclear astrophysicsNuclear astrophysics


r3α ∝Γrad e-Q/kT

The tripleThe triple--alpha processalpha process

[H. Fynbo et al.]


0 0+

0,2+

0+

10.3

7.6542

12.71 1+

15.11 1+

7.285

4.4389 2+

3α threshold

0.9722

0.013

0.015

0.0008

12B 1+

The tripleThe triple--alpha process: alpha process: 1212B decayB decay

B 1220.2 ms


New detector design

Reduced deadlayer

The tripleThe triple--alpha process: setalpha process: set--upup

5 cm


12B decay to 12C - 2α detected

[H. Fynbo]


0+

0+

0+7.6542

12.71 1+

15.11 1+

7.285

2+

4.4389

0

2+

E ≈ 13.9(3)MeVΓ ≈ 0.7(3) MeV

E=11.23(5)MeVΓ=2.5(2) MeV

The tripleThe triple--alpha process: alpha process: 1212B & B & 1212NN

Combined R-matrix fit of 12B and 12N

ISOLDE - JYFL

12B20 ms

12N11 ms

[H. Fynbo]


The tripleThe triple--alpha process: ratealpha process: rate

[Fynbo, Diget]

Primordial starsType II supernovae


New complete kinematics data obtained on

3α decays of 12C from β-decay of 12N and 12B

No low-lying 2+ state found→ Found one at higher energy

Properties of 10.3MeV state established → Interference

Rate of 3α process recalculated

The tripleThe triple--alpha processalpha process

[HOU Fynbo et al., data from ISOLDE and JYFL]

Nature 433 (2005) 136-139


Nuclear structure studies of waiting point nuclei along the r-process path: neutron-rich Ag, Cd, Sn, and Sb isotopes [Kratz, Walters et al.]

Half livesPn valuesSpectroscopy→ Nuclear structure→ Astrophysics

Nuclear astrophysics: rNuclear astrophysics: r--processprocess


R- process abundances• Information from nuclear structure• Waiting point concept valid• No sizeable ν induced reactions

Nuclear masses from

AMDC, 2003

&

ETFSI-Q

Normalized to Nr, (130Te)

“short“ T1/2 “long“ T1/2

RR--processprocess

[K-L Kratz]


Nuclear ground state propertiesNuclear ground state properties

Atomic methods adopted to nuclear properties→ Spins → Moments→ Isotope shifts

Mass measurements: ISOLTRAP, MISTRAL→ CVC: Vud in CKM matrix→ IMME: M = a + bTz + cTz

2 + dTz3 ?

→ Astrophysics


Nuclear ground state propertiesNuclear ground state properties


AstroAstro--physicsphysics

nuclear synthesis

δm/m ≈ 1·10-7

Weak Weak InteractionsInteractionssymmetry testsCVC hypothesis δm/m < 3·10-8

Nuclear Nuclear Physics Physics

mass formula models

δm/m ≈ 1·10-7

Atomic Atomic Physics Physics

binding energyQED in HCI

δm/m ≤ 1·10-9

General General PhysicsPhysics

fundam. constant test of CPT

δm/m ≤ 1·10-10

Physics &Physics &ChemistryChemistry

Basic information

δm/m ≈ 1·10-6

Mass measurementsMass measurements

[K. Blaum]


Experimental Access to Ft valueExperimental Access to Ft value

Q – Decay energy ⇔ mass mT1/2 – Half-lifeb – Branching ratioPEC – Electron capture fractionδR – Radiative correctionδC – Isospin symmetry breaking correction

Unitarity of the CKM matrix→ Mean Ft value of all decay pairs contributes to Vud via GV→ Can check unitarity via sum of squares of the first row

)δ,δ,P,b,T,Q(FtFt C/ REC215=

δm/m < 3·10-8

Weak Weak InteractionsInteractionssymmetry tests,CVC hypothesis

d's'b'

dsb

Vud

Vcd

Vtd

Vus Vub

VcbVcs

VtbVts

= · 2A

2V2

ud = GGV

μ


Superpositionstrong homogeneous

magnetic fieldweak electrostatic 3D

quadrupole field

PENNING trap

Cyclotron frequency: Bmq

c ⋅⋅=π

ν21

z0

r0

B

+ q/m

Typical frequenciesq = e, m = 100 u,B = 6 T⇒ f- ≈ 1 kHz

f+ ≈ 1 MHz

Penning trapPenning trap


Nd:YAG

cluster ion source

cooling Penning trap

precision Penning trap

532 nm

ISOLDEbeam (DC)

HV platform

RFQ structure

MCP 5

precisionPenningtrap

coolingPenningtrap

carbon clusterion source

2.8-keV ionbunches

laser beam

MCP 3

MCP 1

60 keV

stable alkaliion referencesource

C60 pellet

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

220 32Ar

Mea

n TO

F (μ

s)

νRF − 2842679 (Hz)-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30

ion beam cooler and buncher

Removal of contaminant ions

determination of cyclotron frequency

B = 4.7 T

B = 6 T

1071195 1071200 1071205 1071210 1071215 1071220 1071225

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

Measurement Theoretical Fit

85Rb

Tim

e-of

-flig

ht [

μs]

Excitation frequency [Hz]

ωc = Bqm

The prototype: ISOLTRAPThe prototype: ISOLTRAP

[K. Blaum]


1 m

ISOLTRAP in the ISOLDE hallISOLTRAP in the ISOLDE hall


Previous Status Ft ValuesPrevious Status Ft Values

Existing data for 9 light nuclides from 10C to 54Co

10C

14O

26mAl38mK

42Sc46V

50Mn 54Co

34Cl

3066

3068

3070

3072

3074

3076

3078

3080

Ft(s

)

mother nuclide

Ft = 3072.2(1.4) s

10C 14O 26mAl 34Cl 38mK 42Sc 46V 50Mn 54Co

10C 14O 26mAl 34Cl 38mK 42Sc 46V 50Mn 54Co

tQ

u(F

t) (

s)

0

1

2

3

4

Ft value:⇒ CVC hypothesis confirmed in this mass region |Vud| = 0.9740 ± 0.0005 ± 0.0005

Measurements in heavier nuclides needed

Proposed decay: 74Rb(β +)74Kr


TOF Cyclotron Resonance CurveTOF Cyclotron Resonance Curve

e

e

mmmm

ff

--

=refc

refc,

TOF as a function of the excitation frequency

Bmq

πf 21

=c

T1/2 = 65 ms

0 5 10 15 20 25 30220

240

260

280

300

320

340

[A. Kellerbauer et al]

Mea

n TO

F /

μs

νc - 1230051 / Hz

74Rb+Σ = 1100 ions

Determine atomic mass from frequency ratio with a well-known “reference mass”.


Recent Results Recent Results –– Ft ValuesFt Values

ISOLTRAP:22Mg → 22Na :

δQ=0.28 keV34Ar → 34Cl :

δQ=0.41 keV74Rb → 74Kr :

δQ=4.5 keV

F. Herfurth et al., Eur. Phys. J. A 15, 17 (2002)A. Kellerbauer et al., Phys. Rev. Lett.93, 072502 (2004)M. Mukherjee et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 150801 (2004)

22Mg

74Rb

[I.S. Towner & J.C. Hardy, PRC 71, 055501 (2005)]

34ArLimit from QEC(38Ca)

62GaJYFLTRAP

LEBIT38Ca

CPT46V

66As

T. Eronen et al., to be published (2005)G. Savard et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 102501 (2005)

CVC hypothesis confirmed in this region


HalfHalf--Life and branchings at ISOLDELife and branchings at ISOLDE

Example: 62GaδT1/2 < 0.1 ms

Lucrecia Total Absorption Gamma-ray (TAgS) spectrometer• Large NaI scintillator• Beta, X-ray, and γ detectors• Neutron and gamma shielding

Ga 62116 ms

Zn 629.13 h

Cu 629.72 m

Ni 62stable

1376?

954 0+

2+

0+

1+?

62Zn

62Ga?

2330

1+2.2 - 4.5MeV

0+

0+

0.44% (2 states 0.3%)

1878 0.027%

99.49%99.88% T = 1, Tz = 1

ExperimentShell model

[Nowacki]


Physics at the neutron shell closuresPhysics at the neutron shell closures

Validity of magic numbers→ Out of stability, in particular neutron rich nuclei:

• N ~ 20, 50, 82 and 126

→ Physics at the N~20 island of inversion• CoulEx @ REX-ISOLDE• Moment measurements• Fast timing, β-decay

→ Nuclear structure for nuclear astrophysics• r-process (see above)


The N~20 island of inversionThe N~20 island of inversion

Cl31

Cl32

Cl33

Cl34

Cl35

Cl36

Cl37

Cl38

Cl39

Cl40

Cl41

Cl42

Cl43

Cl44

Cl45

Cl46

Cl47

Cl48

Cl49

Cl51

16 S27

S28

S29

S30

S31

S32

S33

S34

S35

S36

S37

S38

S39

S40

S41

S42

S43

S44

S45

S46

S47

S48 34

P26

P27

P28

P29

P30

P31

P32

P33

P34

P35

P36

P37

P38

P39

P40

P41

P42

P43

P44

P45

P46 32

14 Si22

Si23

Si24

Si25

Si26

Si27

Si28

Si29

Si30

Si31

Si32

Si33

Si34

Si35

Si36

Si37

Si38

Si39

Si40

Si41

Si42 30

Al22

Al23

Al24

Al25

Al26

Al27

Al28

Al29

Al30

Al31

Al32

Al33

Al34

Al35

Al36

Al37

Al38

Al39 28

12 Mg20

Mg21

Mg22

Mg23

Mg24

Mg25

Mg26

Mg27

Mg28

Mg29

Mg30

Mg31

Mg32

Mg33

Mg34

Mg35

Mg36 26

Na19

Na20

Na21

Na22

Na23

Na24

Na25

Na26

Na27

Na28

Na29

Na30

Na31

Na32

Na33

Na34

Na35

10 Ne16

Ne17

Ne18

Ne19

Ne20

Ne21

Ne22

Ne23

Ne24

Ne25

Ne26

Ne27

Ne28

Ne29

Ne30

Ne32 24

F15

F16

F17

F18

F19

F20

F21

F22

F23

F24

F25

F26

F27

F29 22

8 O12

O13

O14

O15

O16

O17

O18

O19

O20

O21

O22

O23

O24 18

20N11

N12

N13

N14

N15

N16

N17

N18

N19

N20

N21

N22

N23

6 C8

C9

C10

C11

C12

C13

C14

C15

C16

C17

C18

C19

C20

C22

6 84 10 12 14 16

Island of inversionWarburton et al., PRC41 (1990) 1147

New region of deformation…WHY?

WHERE?

Ground state propertiesThibault et al., PRC12 (1975) 644Huber et al., PRC18 (1978) 1978

DeformationDetraz et al., PRC19 (1979) 164Motobayashi et al., PLB346 (1995) 9Keim et al., EPJA8 (2000) 31Pritychenko et al., PRC63 (2000) 011305(R)


T. Otsuka et al., EPJA 15 (2002) 151Y. Utsuno et al., PRC 70 (2004) 044307

The N~20 island of inversionThe N~20 island of inversion

Neutron Effective Single Particle energies for 30Si and 24O, relative to 1s1/2. The change is due to the strongly attractive interaction between a proton in 0d5/2 and a neutron in 0d3/2.

Sketch of the sources of the correlation energy of the intruder and the normal states of semi-magic and open-shell nuclei.

N=20

fp-s

hell

sd-s

hell

d3/2s1/2d5/2

p1/2f5/2p3/2f7/2

1/25/23/27/2

3/21/25/2

N=8


ATD ATD βγγβγγ(t) at N~20(t) at N~20

Ge-1Beta

BaF2 -1

BaF 2-

2

30Na ISOLDE beam

[H. Mach]

30Mg31Mg32Mg


IS414: Fast timing ~ N=20IS414: Fast timing ~ N=2030Mg, 32Mg: New scintillators bring new possibilities!30Mg, 32Mg: New scintillators bring new possibilities!

LaBr3:Ce

BaF2

HPGe

All major lines can be resolved in LaBr3 even in singles

The situation improves in coincidences!

The time resolution is similar for large BaF2 (120 ps) and for LaBr3(130 ps) at 60Co.

H. Mach et al.


ATD ATD βγγβγγ(t) for (t) for 3232MgMg

Centroid Shift data for 32Mg

Cascade 2151-885 keV

Shift due to the lifetime of the 2+ state at 885 keV

Half-life of the 885 keV level in 32Mg

• T1/2(2+) = 16.0(4.2) ps

• B(E2; 01+ → 21+) = 327(87) e2fm4

• Expected final uncertainty of ~2.5 ps

[H. Mach et al.]


• Direct lifetime measurement of the 885 keV 2+ state in 32Mg

Currently T1/2 = 15.3(3.5) ps.

The analysis is in progress; further improvement is expected. The final aim is ~2 ps error.

• New fast timing measurements run on 33Mg and 32Mg in 2005

• Search for the E0 transitions in 30Mg also performed in 2005

• New states identified in 30MgEvidence for the 0+ intruder state in 30Mg

ATD ATD βγγβγγ(t) in the (t) in the MgMg regionregion


[from O. Niedermaier]

Low E CoulEx, Timing

Intermediate E CoulEx

B(E2)B(E2)’’s for Mg isotopess for Mg isotopes

ATD


IS426: MIS426: Möössbauer ssbauer

Fe impurities tracked in Si1-xGex via 57Mn decay (Mössbauer)IIId elements are the most harmful metal impurities

Fe impurities tracked in Si1-xGex via 57Mn decay (Mössbauer)IIId elements are the most harmful metal impurities

[G. Weyer, H. Gunnlaugsson et al.]

FeiV

Interstitial – broadened by diffusion – substitutional


IS368: ZnO studiesIS368: ZnO studies

Arsenic is one of few p-type dopants in ZnOThe open question is its location

Arsenic is one of few p-type dopants in ZnOThe open question is its location

Recoil ~0.54eVRecoil ~0.54eV

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 9000.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.0

substitutional Zn sites SZn

interstitial T sites sum of SZn and T sites73

As f

ract

ion

annealing temperature [°C]Annealing temp (oC)

73As

frac

tion

total SZn+T

Substitutional SZn

Interstitial T

Channeling analysis:

[U. Wahl et al.]


Medical physicsMedical physics

Example: samarium isotopes “in vivo” dosimetry by positron emission tomography (PET)142Sm (T1/2 = 72min) →142Pm (T1/2 = 40s)

Therapy: 153Sm (T1/2 = 47h)

PET scan of a rabbit 60 min p.i. of ISOLDE produced 142Sm in EDTMP solution

[G. Beyer et al.]


The REXThe REX--ISOLDE postISOLDE post--acceleratoraccelerator

REXEBIS

ExperimentsREXTRAP

MASS SEPARATOR

7-GAP RESONATORS

@ 101.28 MHzIHS

RFQ

9-GAP RESONATOR@ 202.56 MHz

3.0 MeV/u 2.2 MeV/u 1.2 MeV/u0.3 MeV/u

ISOLDE beam

REX-ISOLDE

60 keV

Rebuncher

∆E

Accumulation Cooling Ejection

singlychargedions fromREXTRAP

electron gun(0.5 A/ 5kV)

solenoid(2T)

collector

drift tubes

separationfrom residualgas ions


The REXThe REX--ISOLDE postISOLDE post--acceleratoraccelerator

Beam preparation needed:Semi-continuous beam (release time in ms range)Emittance ~35 π mm mrad @ 60 keVOccasionally not isobarically nor molecularly clean beams.

Low intensities, short half lives…Breeding time (A/q < 4.5) < 20 msRepetition rate = 50 Hz Beam intensity < 109 /sAround ~ 35% of beamtime


REXREX--ISOLDE beamsISOLDE beams

By changing charge breeding time at EBIS it is possible to accelerate all the species produced at ISOLDE!

Radioactive elements accelerated in REX up to 2004

ISOTOPES Charge A/qBreeding time (ms) Comments

9,11Li 2,3+ 4.50,3.00 5–8 Without/with stripper foil, Ne & Ar buffer gases24,25,26,27,28,29Na 6,7,8+ 3.11–4.17 1528,30,31,32Mg 7,8,9+ 3.11–4.29 14–1888Kr 21+ 4.19 3874,76,78Zn 18,20,21+ 3.70–4.11 38,78122,124,126Cd 30,31+ 4.06–4.13 148156Eu 30+ 5.20 38 Only RFQ 300 keV/u153Sm 27,28,30+ 5.10–5.67 30 Only RFQ 300 keV/u70Se 17+ 4.12 33 Molecular sideband17F 5+ 3.40 8 Molecular sideband, with stripper foil110Sn 27+ 4.07 98148Pm 30+ 4.93 38 Only RFQ 300 keV/u


Main detector setup at REXMain detector setup at REX

MINIBALL24, 6-fold segmented detectors = 144 channels

Resolution: 2.1-2.3 keV (core), 2.3-2.6 (segments)

Photo Peak efficiency: 9.5%, (11.3% w. add-back)

Completely digital electronics after Pre-amp.

Concentric-radial DSSSD

4 sectors, 16 concentric,

24 radial strips. 0.5mm thickness

Pitch: 2mm*3.5 deg

Area: 50 000 mm2 (93% active)

Charged particle detection

CD detector (Si)


Experimental information:• B(E2), • Spectroscopic factors, • New levels…

Experiments at REXExperiments at REX--ISOLDEISOLDE

Coulomb Excitation: on Ni, PdTransfer Reactions: PE(D), 9Be, 10Be (radioactive)Coulomb Excitation: on Ni, PdTransfer Reactions: PE(D), 9Be, 10Be (radioactive)

REX-ISOLDE RIBγ

Target

RIB + 1n, 2nPPAC

Excited RIB, p, 2α

CD detector

MINIBALL array

Start detector Stop detector


REXREX--ISOLDE 2005ISOLDE 2005

IS430: neutron-rich Be isotopes, reactions with 11Be

IS412: Towards the doubly magic 78Ni (Leuven)

IS411: B(E2) measurements around 132Sn (Munich)

IS418: Towards the doubly magic 100Sn(CERN/Lund)

IS423: Mixed symmetry states in 88Kr(Warsaw)

IS405: Shape coexistence in 70Se (CERN/Liverpool)

IS435: Coulex of Cu isotopes, N=40 (CERN/Leuven)

IS415: g-factors in Xe/Te (Bonn)

IS367: study of unbound 10Li via 9Li(d,p) reaction


6-

1+

CoulEx 68m,gCu (2.86 MeV/u) @ 120Sn (2.3 mg/cm2)CoulEx 68m,gCu (2.86 MeV/u) @ 120Sn (2.3 mg/cm2)

68Cu 6- (+1+)

120Sn2+-0+

Energy (keV)

68Cu 1+

PRELIMINARY 2005[G. Georgiev, I. Stefanescu, et al.]

IS435: PostIS435: Post--accelerated isomeric beams!accelerated isomeric beams!


PRELIMINARYG. Georgiev, I. Stefanescu, et al.

178 keV(prompt)

Doppler corr.

Doppler corr. Sn68Cu 6- (+1+)

693 keV(delayed)

85 keV (delayed)no Doppler corr.

IS435: PostIS435: Post--accelerated isomeric beams!accelerated isomeric beams!

1+(2+)

(3+)(6-)

(4-)

(3-)

84.6

610.5721.6

(?)

0.068Cu

778

956178

693

85

πp3/2 - νg9/2

πp3/2 - νp1/2

T1/2=7.84 ns

68Zn(t,3He)68Cu

68Cu CoulEx @ 120Sn


Coulomb excitation of Coulomb excitation of 7070SeSe

P. Butler, D. Jenkins et al.

CoulEx 70Se (2.86 MeV/u) @ 104Pd CoulEx 70Se (2.86 MeV/u) @ 104Pd

→ Molecular SeCO beamShape coexistence


IS430: d(IS430: d(1111Be,x) Be,x) @ 2.2 MeV/u@ 2.2 MeV/u

9Li + α10Be + t11Be + d12Be + p

9Li + α10Be + t11Be + d12Be + p

[H. Jeppesen, K. Riisager et al.]105 11Be ions @ REX

PRELIMINARY Sep 2005


HIEHIE--ISOLDEISOLDE

The ISOLDE upgradeINTENSITY→ Proton beam increased from 2 to 6 μA (LINAC 4):→ New targets

BEAM QUALITY→ Improve isobaric mass separation: RFQ cooler & new HRS→ ECR + highly-charged ion beamline

ENERGY→ REXtrap and REX-EBIS upgrades→ Staged upgrade of the REX facility to 10 MeV/u

[Butler, Lindroos]


CRC, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgiumdelivering ISOL beams since 1989

REX-ISOLDE, CERNdelivering ISOL beams since 2001

GSI, Darmstadt, Germanydelivering IF beams since 1990

MAFF, Munich, GermanyISOL beams

SPES, Legnaro, ItalyISOL beams

EXCYT, Catania, ItalyISOL beams

GANIL, Caen, Francedelivering IF beams since 1984(SPIRAL) ISOL beams since 2001 Dubna ISOL beamsSPIRAL IIISOL beams

HIE-ISOLDEISOL beams

FAIRIF beams

Accelerated beam facilities in EuropeAccelerated beam facilities in Europe


The 2The 2ndnd generation ISOL facilitiesgeneration ISOL facilities

Facility Driver Power Energy Beams

HIE-ISOLDECERN

PS Boosterp @ 1.4 GeV

10 µA10 kW

0.8 – 10.0 MeV/u LINAC

Any from ~850

ISAC-IITRIUMFCanada

p @ 500 MeV 50 kW0.15 – 6.5

MeV/uLINAC

To be developed

SPIRAL2GANILFrance

d @ 40 MeVHI @ 15 MeV/u

200 kW(2ary target)

2 – 25 MeV/uCYCLOTRON

Fission products (mostly)

SPESLegnaro

Italyp @ 100 MeV 200 kW

(2ary target)10 MeV/u

LINACFission

products

MAFFMunich

Germanyn reactor 1014 n/cm2·s 7 MeV/u

LINACFission

products


For 90Kr :5 orders of magnitude increase in yield for ISOL

products from existing REX-ISOLDEAt least 2 orders of magnitude increase from a 2nd

generation ISOL facility

100 kW direct production

5 MW spallation n target→ 100 MeV/u RIB

The EURISOL projectThe EURISOL project


Kr yieldsKr yields

85Kr: 107 s-1

(→ s process)


EURISOLEURISOL--DS 2005DS 2005--20092009

CERN: 3 task leaders+ management

Approved Design Study 2005-2009Project started 1 February 2005


Location Driver Post-accelerator

Fragmentseparator

Type of facility

GSI –FAIR synchrotron,heavy ions: 1.5 A GeV

- ‘Super-FRS’ In-Flight

EURISOL protons, 1 GeV,1-5 MW

CW Linac, up to 100 A

MeV- ISOL

USA: RIARare IsotopeAccelerator

900 MeV protonsheavy ions:

400 A MeV, 100 kW

Linac up to 8–15 A

MeV

4-dipoleSeparator

ISOLIn-Flight

JAPAN: RIKEN RIB Factory

Ring-cyclotronsup to 400 A MeV (lightions); up to 150 A MeV

(heavy ions)

-

3 Fragmentseparators

Storage & cooler rings

In-Flight

Next generation RIB facilitiesNext generation RIB facilities


SPL

HIE-ISOLDEPS booster

A possible EURISOL layoutA possible EURISOL layout

[P Butler]


OutlookOutlook

The ISOLDE facility→ Low E beams→ Accelerated beamsComplementarity of techniques→ Complementarity of facilitiesFuture of NP in Europe

Thanks for your attention!

highlights from the isolde facilitydpnc.unige.ch/seminaire/talks/fraile.pdf · lm fraile, cern...

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