1

History and TechnologyHistory and Technologyof of IISDBSDB--T T

~ aiming at mobile and ~ aiming at mobile and portable reception ~portable reception ~

17,17, September, 2007September, 2007Argentina Argentina

DiBEGDiBEG, JAPAN, JAPAN

Osamu YamadaOsamu YamadaPioneerPioneer

Digital Broadcasting Expert Group

2

1944 Born in Tokyo

1967 Graduated from Waseda University and joined NHK

1971 Started research of new broadcasting systems

1975-1985 Engaged in the development of Teletext

1985-1992 Engaged in the development of FM multiplex broadcasting

1986-2002 Engaged in the development of terrestrial digital

broadcasting

1991-2000 Engaged in the development of satellite digital broadcasting

1999-2002 Director General of NHK Science and Technical Research Laboratories

2002 left NHK and Joined Pioneer

2005 Senior Managing Director of Pioneer

2007 Executive Corporate Adviser, R&D

BiographyBiography

3

1. History2. TELETEXT3. FM Multiplex Broadcasting4. ISDB-T

4.1 OFDM4.2 Frequency Assignment4.3 Mobile Reception4.4 Effective Usage of Frequency4.5 System Parameter and BST-OFDM4.6 Receivers4.7 New Technologies for Receivers4.8 New Technologies for SFN4.9 International Activities

5. Conclusion

ContentsContents

4

1. Broadcasting History in Japan1. Broadcasting History in Japan

5

History of Broadcasting Technology History of Broadcasting Technology in Japanin Japan

050520002000

95959090858580807575707065656060555550504545404035353030

19251925 25 AM Radio25 AM Radio30 NHK STRL30 NHK STRL

53 TV 53 TV

60 60 NTSC Color TVNTSC Color TV

70 FM Radio70 FM Radio

82 82 TV withTV with MultiMulti--chch AudioAudio84 84 Experimental Analog BSExperimental Analog BS85 85 TELETEXTTELETEXT91 91 Experimental BSExperimental BS HDTVHDTV94 94 FM Multiplex BroadcastingFM Multiplex Broadcasting

00 00 ISDBISDB--SS03 03 ISDBISDB--TT

Radio(28years)Radio(28years)

TV(47years)TV(47years)

Digital(7years)Digital(7years)

Work for NHKWork for NHK(35years)(35years)

6

Research HistoryResearch History

19751975～～19851985 TELETEXTELETEX

19851985～～19941994 FM Multiplex BroadcastingFM Multiplex Broadcasting

19921992～～20002000 ISDBISDB--SS

19861986～～20022002 ISDBISDB--TT

7

2. TELETEXT2. TELETEXT（（19751975～～19851985））

8

TELETEXTTELETEXT

(1) TELETEX is the first service with digital technology in analog broadcasting age.

(2) Characters and graphics are coded and multiplexed with the vertical blanking period of analog TV signals.

(3) In 1970s, three systems, System A (France), System B (UK), System C (North America), and System D (Japan) had been developed.

(4) At present, System B, and System D are available.

(5) Japanese each character has a different meaning. Bit errors give erroneous information, therefore bit error can’t be permitted.

(6) Only Japanese TELETEXT system had been making much of the development of error correcting codes.

(7) Japanese TELETEXT never shows incorrect characters, because of the new error correcting method we developed.

9

Field TrialField Trialｓｓ of TELETEXTof TELETEXT

ＦｉｅｌｄＦｉｅｌｄ ＴｒｉａｌＴｒｉａｌ ｉｎｉｎ ＷａｋａｙａＷａｋａｙａmama

Error PatternError Pattern AnalizerAnalizer

10

Research ResultResearch Result

(1) The simulation results using error patterns collected inthe actual field trials showed that the (272,190) code wasthe best.

(2) The (272,190) code is one of the majority logic decodablecodes, and it is called a difference Set Cyclic Code.

(3) The (272,190) code is one of LDPCs (Low Density ParityCheck), which are hot topics in an error correcting codefield.

11

Packet Signals of TELETEXTPacket Signals of TELETEXT

12

Error Correcting Capability of Error Correcting Capability of the (272,190) Codethe (272,190) Code

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 10 -7

10 -6

10 -5

10 -4

10 -3

10 -2

10 -1

Bit-

erro

r ra

te

Eb/No (dB)

(272,190) Product code

(272,190) code Convolutional code (Viterbi hard 1/2)

No coding

13

Error Correcting Capability of Error Correcting Capability of the (272,190) Codethe (272,190) Code

10-6

10-8

10-10

10-12

10-14

10-16

10-18

10-20

10-22

10-4 10-3 10-2

A B

A : Error correctionB : Error detection

Bit Error Rate of Received Signals

Bit

Err

or R

ate

afte

r E

rror

Cor

rect

ion

or

Det

ecti

on

14

Effect of the (272,190) CodeEffect of the (272,190) Code

Ghost interference(Delay time:2.5μs,D/U=7dB,

Bit-error-rate:4.03x10-3)

Random noise(Input level:31dBμV,Bit-error-rate:2.4x10-2)

15

Applications of the (272,190) CodeApplications of the (272,190) Code

(1) TELETEXT : (272,190)(1) TELETEXT : (272,190)(2) FM multiplex Broadcasting : Product Code(2) FM multiplex Broadcasting : Product Code--

(272,190)X(272,190)(272,190)X(272,190)(3) Optical Card System for immigration card in (3) Optical Card System for immigration card in

U.S.A : Product CodeU.S.A : Product Code--(272,190)X(272,190)(272,190)X(272,190)(4) Protection for key of BS Pay TV : (272,190)(4) Protection for key of BS Pay TV : (272,190)(5) ISDB(5) ISDB--T : Shortened (184,102) for TMCC T : Shortened (184,102) for TMCC

signalssignals

16

What we were taughtWhat we were taught

(1)(1) Digital signals are robust against random noise, but very Digital signals are robust against random noise, but very weak against wave distortion.weak against wave distortion.

(2) Error correction is one of the key technologies in digital (2) Error correction is one of the key technologies in digital broadcasting, and indispensable technology for digital broadcasting, and indispensable technology for digital transmission.transmission.

(3) Thanks to the progress of LSI, theoretically difficult theme(3) Thanks to the progress of LSI, theoretically difficult themes s can be realized.can be realized.

(4) Though analog TV can be received in running cars to some (4) Though analog TV can be received in running cars to some extent, TELETXE signals(5.27Mbps) canextent, TELETXE signals(5.27Mbps) can’’t be received.t be received.

(5) At that time, I believed that digital terrestrial TV (5) At that time, I believed that digital terrestrial TV broadcasting would be impossible, because of high bit rate broadcasting would be impossible, because of high bit rate of video signals and difficulty of mobile reception.of video signals and difficulty of mobile reception.

17

3. FM Multiplex Broadcasting3. FM Multiplex BroadcastingーーDARC(Data Radio Channel)DARC(Data Radio Channel)ーー

(1986(1986～～1995)1995)

18

Frequency Spectrum of Frequency Spectrum of FM Stereo Broadcasting SignalsFM Stereo Broadcasting Signals

0 20 40 60 80 100

-60

-40

-20

0

Baseband frequency (kHz)

Leve

l (dB

)

0 20 40 60 80 100

-60

-40

-20

0

L+R

Pilot

L-R

Multiplexableband

Leve

l (dB

)

Baseband frequency (kHz)

Original baseband spectrum and multiplexable band of FM stereo broadcasting

Baseband spectrum of FM stereo broadcasting under multipath interference

19

Frequency Spectrum of DARCFrequency Spectrum of DARC

0 20 40 60 80 100

-60

-40

-20

0

Baseband frequency (kHz)

Rel

ativ

e le

vel (

dB)

DARC

Pilot tone

L+R L-R

20

Error Correction of DARC

Powerful error correction by (272,190) product code

Parity

Data

Product code

Parity

Parity

21

Car Navigation System with VICSCar Navigation System with VICS(Vehicle Information Communication System)(Vehicle Information Communication System)

Penetration in March, 2006Penetration in March, 2006

1.5 Million1.5 Million

22

Example of VICSExample of VICS

Red Red ：： heavy traffic jamheavy traffic jam

Yellow Yellow ：： traffic jamtraffic jam

23

Performance of Performance of the (272,190) product codethe (272,190) product code

0 2 4 6 8 10 1210 -7

10 -6

10 -5

10 -4

10 -3

10 -2

10 -1 B

it-er

ror

rate

Eb/No (dB)

(272,190) Product code

(272,190) code Convolutional code (Viterbi hard 1/2)

No coding

24

Comparison of DARC and RDSComparison of DARC and RDS

System DARC RDS

Subcarrier 76 kHz 57 kHz

Multiplex level 4～10％ 2～3％

Modulation LMSK BPSK

Bitrate 16 kbit/s 1.2 kbit/s

Error correction (272,190)

product code (26,16) code

25

What we were taughtWhat we were taught

(1)(1) Many kind of digital modulation methodsMany kind of digital modulation methods

(2) Difficulty of mobile reception : poor antenna gain, fading (2) Difficulty of mobile reception : poor antenna gain, fading interference, ghost interferenceinterference, ghost interference

(3) For example, the difference of antenna gain between fixed (3) For example, the difference of antenna gain between fixed reception and mobile reception is more than 15 dB. reception and mobile reception is more than 15 dB.

(4) Existence of potential need, so called traffic information (4) Existence of potential need, so called traffic information serviceservice

26

４４. ISDB. ISDB--TT(1986(1986--2002)2002)

27

Merits of Digital BroadcastingMerits of Digital Broadcasting

(1) Robustness against noise(1) Robustness against noise

(2) Easy channel assignment(2) Easy channel assignment

(3) Effective use of bandwidth(3) Effective use of bandwidth

(4) Mobil and portable reception(4) Mobil and portable reception

(5) High video quality(5) High video quality

(6) Affinity to computer and Internet(6) Affinity to computer and Internet

(7) Easy to add new services(7) Easy to add new services

(8) Fit for LSI technology(8) Fit for LSI technology

28

Introduction of Digital BroadcastingIntroduction of Digital Broadcasting

CableCable

SatelliteSatellite12GHz Band12GHz Band

USUS

AudioAudio

TVTV

9494 200020009696 9898 0202 0404 08080606

CSCS

BSBS ▽▽

▽▽

DirecTV, USSB etc.DirecTV, USSB etc.▽▽

▽▽ DTVDTVEnd of Analog BroadcastingEnd of Analog Broadcasting

▽▽ Canal Sat. etc.(France, Italy, Germany, Spain etc.)Canal Sat. etc.(France, Italy, Germany, Spain etc.)

▽▽UK (BBC) etc.UK (BBC) etc.

▽▽Start broadcasting in 3 metropolitan areasStart broadcasting in 3 metropolitan areas

▽▽110 110 degree CSdegree CS

▽▽

▽▽

ISDBISDB--SS

ISDBISDB--TT

YearYear

Test broadcasting in Tokyo, OsakaTest broadcasting in Tokyo, Osaka

Analog Broadcasting will be closed in 2011Analog Broadcasting will be closed in 2011TerrestrialTerrestrial

EuropeEurope

JapanJapan

TerrestrialTerrestrial

SatelliteSatellite

ISDBISDB--TsbTsb

ISDBISDB--CC

▽▽

TerrestrialTerrestrial

SatelliteSatellite

29

Implementation Schedule of ISDB-T in Japan

1994 MPT asked to Council for technical requirement 1998 Issue of Digital Broadcasting Study Group Report

1999 MPT established technical standard

Apr. 2003 Provisional licenses were awarded

1999-2003 Real Scale Experiment Broadcasting

Dec 1.st 2003 Start of ISDB-T (Tokyo, Nagoya, Osaka)

Feb.2003 Start of Analog channel relocation

Apr 1.st 2006 Start of 1-Segment Broadcasting

Oct. 2006 Start of ISDB-T(main city of the whole country)

Jul. 2011 Analog disappears

30

System RequirementsSystem Requirementsand Principal Technologiesand Principal Technologies

(1)(1) Excellent transmission characteristicsExcellent transmission characteristicsOFDMOFDM

(2) HDTV, mobile and portable services(2) HDTV, mobile and portable servicesOFDM, time interleave, hierarchical OFDM, time interleave, hierarchical transmission and one transmission and one segseg

(3) System flexibility(3) System flexibilitySegment structure Segment structure

(4) Effective use of frequency(4) Effective use of frequencySFNSFN

31

Why Mobile and Portable ReceptionWhy Mobile and Portable Reception

(1) All kind of TV programs including data services can be recei(1) All kind of TV programs including data services can be received at home ved at home in the future, via satellite, cable, internet, etc..in the future, via satellite, cable, internet, etc..

(2) People(2) People’’s outside life times are increasing in the presents outside life times are increasing in the present--day life.day life.

(3) Broadcasters have to anytime serve information including vid(3) Broadcasters have to anytime serve information including video, audio, eo, audio, and data.and data.

(4) Especially, the emergency information service is related to (4) Especially, the emergency information service is related to a matter of life a matter of life and death, therefore it is a very important role for broadcasterand death, therefore it is a very important role for broadcasters to s to provide people with emergency information anytime and anywhere.provide people with emergency information anytime and anywhere.

(5) Above media in (1), can(5) Above media in (1), can’’t provide people such services, and VHF and t provide people such services, and VHF and UHF band frequency used by broadcasters, are the best for mobileUHF band frequency used by broadcasters, are the best for mobile and and portable reception. portable reception.

(6) In the age of the convergence of broadcasting and communicat(6) In the age of the convergence of broadcasting and communication, ion, Broadcasters canBroadcasters can’’t survive without mobile and portable services.t survive without mobile and portable services.

32

4.1 OFDM4.1 OFDM（（Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex)Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex)

33

DABDAB(Digital Audio Broadcasting(Digital Audio Broadcasting))

(1)(1) In 1980In 1980’’s, EBU developed Digital Audio Broadcasting s, EBU developed Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB).(DAB).

(2) DAB adopted two new digital technologies, OFDM (2) DAB adopted two new digital technologies, OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex, CCETT in (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex, CCETT in France) and digital audio compression technology (IRT in France) and digital audio compression technology (IRT in Germany).Germany).

(3) We started the research of OFDM as a digital modulation (3) We started the research of OFDM as a digital modulation technology for mobile TV.technology for mobile TV.

(4) We knew that Dr. (4) We knew that Dr. Hirosaki Hirosaki (NEC) had already presented (NEC) had already presented the OFDM technology for the first time in the world.the OFDM technology for the first time in the world.

3434

OFDM SignalsOFDM Signals

Carrier 1

Time domain signal of OFDM wave

+

+

+

=

+

Frequency domain signal of OFDM wave

+

+

+

+

=

Carrier 2

Carrier k

GI Active symbol durationOFDM symbol

Transmissionsignal

f1

f2

fk

f1, f2, f3, fK

Magnitude

Frequency

OFDM is

• Multi-carrier modulation– More than 2,000 carriers in a

6MHz TV channel– Long symbol duration

compare to single-carrier transmission system

• Multipath proof modulation– by adding guard interval

• Modulation/demodulation can be processed by IFFT/FFT.IFFT/FFT.

Spectrum

35

OFDM SignalsOFDM Signals

GuardInterval

Effective Symbol Period

The Same Waveform

Ove

rall

Sig

nal

Magnitude

Frequency

3636

Frequency and Time InterleavingFrequency and Time Interleaving

Suitable for multipathinterference.But, ineffective to flat-fading and impulse noise.

Suitable for fading and impulse interference.But, ineffective tomultipath interference.

Suitable for all kinds of interference.

Frequency & Timeinterleaving

(Carrier & Symbol randomization)

ISDB-T

Frequency domain (Carriers)

Tim

e do

mai

n(S

ymbo

ls)

Following interleaving adopts only multi-carrier transmission system

OFDM signal

Frequencyinterleaving

(Carrier randomization)

(DVB-T)

Timeinterleaving

(Symbol randomization)

37

Modulated OFDM signalsModulated OFDM signals(Time and Frequency domains)(Time and Frequency domains)

TimeSymbolsGuard intervals

I F F T F F T

ts tg

Frequency

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

1/ ts

38

Superiority of OFDMSuperiority of OFDM

10

10

10

10

105 8 11 14 17

Eb/NO

BE

R

●

●

●

●

●

●

○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

040

30

20

10

0

5 10Delay (μｓ）

Multipath Profile

(dB)D/U

No Ghost

OFDM

QPSK

39

4.2 Frequency Assignment4.2 Frequency Assignment

40

Application for Marathon Relay StationApplication for Marathon Relay Station25 analog FPU receiving stations ⇒ 7 digital FPU receiving

stations

: Receiving stations: Receiving stations

41

FPU(Field Pick Up) Transmitter and FPU(Field Pick Up) Transmitter and ReceiverReceiver

42

Comparison of FPU between OFDM and Comparison of FPU between OFDM and FMFM

43

Analog TV signals

６ＭＨｚ

Digital signals

Analog TV signals

Digital signals

Digital signals

Frequency

Total bandwidth : 6MHz

６ＭＨｚ

Original of BSTOriginal of BST--OFDMOFDM(Band Segmented Transmission(Band Segmented Transmission--OFDMOFDM))

Analog TV signals

[Old name was BST(Band-Split-Transmission)-OFDM]

44

The

num

ber

of tr

ansm

issi

on s

tatio

ns fo

r an

alog

ue T

V

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62

VHF UHF

Channels

UHF lower channels

basicallyAdjustment of analoguechannelsexcept major stations

Adjustment ofanalogue channels

13 14 15 16 17 18 19 … … … 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32

ISDB-T channels

…

Channel ReassignmentChannel Reassignment(Analog(Analog--Analog Frequency Conversion)Analog Frequency Conversion)

45

4.3 4.3 Mobile ReceptionMobile Reception

46

Field Trials of Mobile Reception TV Field Trials of Mobile Reception TV for the First Time in the World (1993)for the First Time in the World (1993)

47

Comparison between Digital(OFDM) Comparison between Digital(OFDM) and Analog Broadcastingand Analog Broadcasting

AnalogOFDM

48

Information BitInformation Bit--rate v.s. C/Nrate v.s. C/N

C/N (dB)0 5 10 15 20 25

0

5

10

15

20

25

1/2

DQPSK

2/316 QAM

64 QAM

Guard interval : 1/8

3/45/6

7/8

QPSK

Info

rma

tion

bit

rate

(M

bit/

s)

49

Effect of Time Interleaving (1)Effect of Time Interleaving (1)

0 10 20 30 4010-7

10-6

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

BE

R

C/N [dB]

without time interleaving

with time interleaving

fd = 7 Hz fd = 20 Hz fd = 70 Hz

50

Effect of Time Interleaving (2)Effect of Time Interleaving (2)

70

75

80

85

90

95

100

35 40 45 50 55 60 65Measured Field Strength (dBμV/m)

Cor

rect

Rec

epti

on T

ime

Rat

es (

%)

With Time Interleaving

Without Time Interleaving

Mode 2, DQPSK, 1/2 , 13 seg.

99%

Result of field trials

51

4.4 4.4 Effective Usage of FrequencyEffective Usage of Frequency(SFN : Single Frequency Network)(SFN : Single Frequency Network)

Routes of Mobile Reception Routes of Mobile Reception MeasurementsMeasurements

Measured Points

NHK

NHK Labs.

··

··

·

·

··

·

·

Route 20

YamateAvenueSetagaya Avenue

Route 246

Kan

jo 8

Kan

jo 7

8Km

53

Transmitter A : ON, B : OFFTransmitter A : ON, B : OFF

139.62 139.64 139.66 139.68 139.735.62

35.64

35.66

35.68

East Logitude

No

rth

La

titu

de

BER>10-2

BER<10-2

Transmitter B　　（OFF)

Transmitter A　　（ON)

54

Transmitter A : OFF, B : ONTransmitter A : OFF, B : ON

139.62 139.64 139.66 139.68 139.735.62

35.64

35.66

35.68

East Logitude

No

rth

La

titu

de

BER >10-2

BER <10-2

Transmitter B　　（ON)

Transmitter A　　（OFF)

55

Transmitter A : ON, B : ONTransmitter A : ON, B : ON

139.62 139.64 139.66 139.68 139.735.62

35.64

35.66

35.68

East Logitude

No

rth

La

titu

de

BER>10-2

BER<10-2

Transmitter B　　（ON))

Transmitter A　　（ON)

100W

ＳＦＮ Fie ld Ｔｒｉａ ｌｓ ｉｎ Ｓ ｉｎｇａｐｏｒｅＳＦＮ Fie ld Ｔｒｉａ ｌｓ ｉｎ Ｓ ｉｎｇａｐｏｒｅ

C h.54

C h.３２

C h.３２

Ｂｕｋｉｔ　ＢａｔｏｋＢｕｋｉｔ　Ｂａｔｏｋ

ＴＣＳＴＣＳ

300M100M

50Wapp.7km

57

SFN field trials in Hong KongSFN field trials in Hong Kong

100W

10W

58

4.5 4.5 System Parameter andSystem Parameter andBSTBST--OFDMOFDM

59

SegmentationSegmentation

Television BroadcastTelevision Broadcast Audio BroadcastAudio Broadcast

Partial ReceivePartial Receive

DataDataSegmentSegment

TransmissionTransmissionSpectrumSpectrum

AudioAudioProgramProgram

HiHi--VisionVisionProgramProgram

OFDF SegmentOFDF Segment

Simple TVSimple TV(Mobile)(Mobile)

Standard TVStandard TV(Mobile)(Mobile)

Standard TVStandard TV(Home)(Home)

AudioAudioProgramProgram

AudioAudioProgramProgram

Data, Data, etcetc

Terrestrial Digital Television SetTerrestrial Digital Television Set Terrestrial Digital Audio ReceiverTerrestrial Digital Audio Receiver

60

Features of ISDBFeatures of ISDB--T systemT system6MHz

13 Segments

Fixed Reception

13 or 1 segment

Mobile/HandheldReception

Handheld terminal

ＨＤＴＶ

Home Receiver

13 segments

Receiver in Vehicle

Communication / Internet

TV stationTV station

Communication carrier

(diversity reception)1 segment

Support 3 reception typesby one channel

61

Transmission ParametersTransmission Parameters

ModeModeMode 1Mode 1(Mobile)(Mobile)

Mode 2Mode 2(Mobile, Fixed)(Mobile, Fixed)

Mode 3 Mode 3 (Fixed)(Fixed)

Number of carrierNumber of carrier

Carrier distanceCarrier distance

Valid symbol lengthValid symbol length

Guard interval lengthGuard interval length

ErrorErrorcorrectioncorrection

inner codinginner coding

outer codingouter coding

Time domain interleaveTime domain interleave

OFDM segment OFDM segment

Bit rate Bit rate

14051405

33.968.968kHzkHz

00.252.252msms

28092809

1.9841.984kHzkHz

00.504.504msms

49924992

0.9920.992kHzkHz

1.0081.008msms

1/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32 1/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32 of valid symbol lengthof valid symbol length

Convolution coding (1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6, 7/8)Convolution coding (1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6, 7/8)

ReedReed--Solomon (208, 188)Solomon (208, 188)

Convolution 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 secondConvolution 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 second

1313

3.65 3.65 –– 23.23 23.23 MbpsMbps

62

Mode 1(for mobile)

⇒ ⇒

Same signals

Mode 2(for mobile &fixed)

Mode 3(for fixed)

Guard interval

Effective length of symbol

Change of input level in mobile reception

T(time)

Effective length of symbolGuard interval

Difference of ModesDifference of Modes

63

ARIB Standards and ITUARIB Standards and ITU--R R RecommendationsRecommendations for ISDBfor ISDB--TT

－TR-B14ISDB-T broadcasting operationOperational guideline

－STD-B21ISDB-T receiverReceiver

BT.1306System CSTD-B31ISDB-T transmissionTransmission

－STD-B25Multi 2Conditional access

BT.1300, BT.1209

STD-B10, STD-B32MPEG-2 Systems (ISO/IEC 13818-1)Multiplex

BT.1699STD-B24BML (XHTML), ECMA ScriptData broadcasting

BS.1115STD-B32MPEG-2 AAC (ISO/IEC 13818-7)Audio coding

BT.1208STD-B32MPEG-2 Video (ISO/IEC 13818-2)Video coding

ITU-R Recommendations

ARIB StandardsContentsItems

64

TMCC(Transmission and Multiplexing TMCC(Transmission and Multiplexing Configuration Control)Configuration Control)

1-bit16-bit

3-bit

102-bit

82-bit

ECC

204-bit

Reference of difference modulationSync-signal

Coherent/difference, segment ID

TMCC information

Parity

TMCC signals are transmitted on specified carriers every segment to show the transmission parameters, modulation, error correction, partial reception, etc..TMCC signals are modulated with BPSK, and error protected by the (184,102) code.

65

Contents of TMCC InformationContents of TMCC Information

System ID(TV/Audio)Count down counterEmergency

Currentinformation

Flag of partial reception(one seg)Transmission parameter of layer ATransmission parameter of layer BTransmission parameter of layer C

Next information

ContentNumber of bit

2411

1313134015 Reserve

66

Video FormatVideo Format

Vertical Horizontal Aspect ratio Frame frequency

1080(1125) 1440, 1920

480(525) 720

480(525) 720, 480

720(750) 1280

1080(1125) * 1440, 1920

(i) : interlace

(p) : progresive

* : Future system

29.97(i)16:9

16:9

16:9, 4:3

16:9

16:9

59.94(p)

29.97(i)

59.94(p)

59.94(p)

67

Pilot Broadcasting in JapanPilot Broadcasting in Japan

Sapporo

Sen-dai

Nagano

Kanazawa

Nagoya

Osaka

Hiroshima

Fukuoka

Naha Takamatsu

11 Areas in whole Japan11 Areas in whole Japan

Transmission tests supported by the government were held during1999 to 2003.

Open to public fordevelopment ofservices and business.

Tokyo

68

Features of ISDBFeatures of ISDB--TT(1) System flexibility :

Segmentation, Hierarchical transmission

(2) Robustness against impulse noise and multi-path interference :OFDM, Time interleaving

(3) Mobile reception :OFDM, Time interleaving,

(4) Portable reception :OFDM, Time interleaving, One seg(partial reception)

(5) Effective frequency usage :SFN

(6) Compatibility with radio services :Segmentation

Only ISDB-T can provide fixed, mobile and portable services simultaneously. ATSC and DVB-T can’t do.

69

Comparison of Three Comparison of Three DTTBsDTTBs

Item Japan(ISDB-T)

Europe(DVB-T)

US(DTV)

Note

Format BST-OFDM OFDM 8VSB

Ghost ○ ○ △

Japan and Europe employ OFDM, which is robust against ghost.8VSB of US can suppress ghost with ghost canceller.

Effective use ofbandwidth

○ ○ × OFDM can make network with one frequency (SFN).

Mobile receiver ○ △ × DVB-T can mobile reception in a good condition area.

Flexibility ○ △ ×The segmentation technology allows ISDB-T to provide HDTV and audio/SDTV programs simultaneously

70

Data Services Data Services

(1) Program linked data servicesActor’s information, out line of the story, etc.

(2) Program non-linked servicesNews, weatherforecast, stock market information, etc.

(3) Closed captionfor hearing impaired persons

(4) Interactive servicesvia telephone line, via internet

(5) EPG(Electronic Program Guide)TV program guide, booking to record programs, etc.

71

4.6 4.6 ReceiversReceivers

72

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Estimation of the Number of Digital Estimation of the Number of Digital Broadcasting Receivers in JapanBroadcasting Receivers in Japan

AthensOlympic Games

FIFA World CupGermany

BeijingOlympic Games

Stop ofAnalog Broadcasting

FIFA World Cup

From The Association for Promotion of Digital Broadcasting

Sales Volume

Househols

[[x10000]x10000]

73

TV Shipments (domestic market)TV Shipments (domestic market)From JEITAFrom JEITA

00

100100

200200

300300

400400

500500

600600

700700

800800

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May

CRTCRT

PDP + LCDPDP + LCD

20042004 20052005

Num

ber

of u

nits

[x1

000]

Num

ber

of u

nits

[x1

000]

JEITA : Japan Electronics and Information Technology Industries JEITA : Japan Electronics and Information Technology Industries Association Association

74

Cellular Phones with OneCellular Phones with One--SegSeg

75

Penetration of Cellular Phone Penetration of Cellular Phone with Onewith One SegSeg

x 106

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

Mar-06 Jul-06 Oct-06 Jan-07 Apr-07 Aug-07

From JEITA

76

InIn--car TV Receiverscar TV Receivers

CAV-TD85D1

Mini GORILLA NV-SD10DT

GORILLA NV-HD830DT

Strada CN-HDS965TD

HS706D-A

Panasonic

SANYONISSAN/SANYO

Portable Navigation DeviceFull-Seg/One-Seg

One-Seg Only

SANYO

SANYO

Pioneer

AVIC-VH099G

In-Car TV

Navigation System

※Full-Seg is Optional

One-Seg Only

One-Seg Only

All-in-one model

Tuner separated model

77

PCs with ISDBPCs with ISDB--T tuner (OneT tuner (One--SegSeg))

Tuner

78

USB Type ISDBUSB Type ISDB--T Tuners for OneT Tuners for One--SegSeg

79

Portable DVD PlayerPortable DVD Playerwith ISDBwith ISDB--T tuner (T tuner (OneOne--SegSeg))

80

Other Portable OneOther Portable One--SegSeg ReceiversReceivers

Portable Audio Player

Portable Navigator

Portable Electronic Dictionary

Portable TV

81

Penetration of ISDBPenetration of ISDB--T ReceiversT Receivers

Tuner, CRT, LCD, PDP, STB, DVD Recorder, PCTuner, CRT, LCD, PDP, STB, DVD Recorder, PC

24.1 Million24.1 Million

Mobile Phone with One Mobile Phone with One SegSeg

9.9 Million9.9 Million

Car TVCar TV

0.65 Million 0.65 Million

PC with One PC with One SegSeg

0.12 Million 0.12 Million

Total 34.77 MillionJEITA 2007.6

82

4.7 4.7 New Technologies for ReceiversNew Technologies for Receivers

83

with Error Concealment without Error Concealment

Error Concealment TechnologyError Concealment Technology-- Enable the stable reception of Digital terrestrial HDTV broadcasEnable the stable reception of Digital terrestrial HDTV broadcasting in a ting in a

moving carmoving car

-- When demodulated data include errors, it conceals errors of videWhen demodulated data include errors, it conceals errors of video/audio o/audio and reduce eyesore.and reduce eyesore.

Nov.2005 releasedNov.2005Nov.2005 releasedreleased

84

Image of border area

1seg reception area

12seg reception areaHDTV

H.264

Smooth Handover between Smooth Handover between 12seg and 1seg12seg and 1seg

1seg reception area

12seg reception area

Smooth Handover

-- Both decoding HDTV & H.264 at border area enableBoth decoding HDTV & H.264 at border area enable

-- Quick responseQuick response

-- Free from Free from ““BlackoutBlackout”” picturepicture

H.264

HDTV

Apr.2006 releasedApr.2006Apr.2006 releasedreleased

85

4.8 4.8 New Technologies for SFNNew Technologies for SFN

86

Reception in SFNReception in SFN

NHK

CLI CancellationMain station

NHK

SubscriberRelay stationSea, Lake

Diversity reception

NHK

SubscriberSFN relaystation

NHK

SFN relay station

NHK

SFN stations outside the dedicated area

Desiredsignal

Large delay signal

Large delay multi-path equalization

Reflected signal

Desired signal

CLI

Subscriber

CLI: Coupling Loop Interference

87

Diversity Reception SystemDiversity Reception Systemfor Relay Broadcastingfor Relay Broadcasting

upconverter

downconverter

adaptive filtering algorithmfor diversity combining

downconverter

FIRfilter

FFT

branch #1

FFT

branch #2

receiving antenna

transmitting antenna

adaptive control

adaptive control

signal combiner

extractedscattered pilots

extractedscattered pilots

FIRfilter

88

Example of Two Branch OperationExample of Two Branch Operation

TransmittingAntenna

Input signal spectrum #1

Output signal spectrum

Input signal spectrum #2

Receiving antenna #1

Receiving antenna #2

Signal improvement by diversity reception relay system(Multi-path condition: D/U = 6dB，delay time = 1μ sec)

89

Coupling Loop Interference CancellerCoupling Loop Interference Canceller

Tx UnitRx Unit

TransversalFilter

FilterControl

Coupling Loop Interference Canceller

Coupling Loop Interference(CLI)

FromMaster station

ReceivingAntenna

TransmittingAntenna

Before cancelling After cancelling

90

Improvement in CNRImprovement in CNR

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

-5 0 5 10 15DUR of CLI (dB)

Deg

rada

tion

of R

equi

red

CN

R (

dB)

without canceller

with canceller

91

LongLong--delay Multipath Equalizerdelay Multipath Equalizer

Multi-path delay detection : based on the decision of all OFDM carriers

Long-delay Multipath Equalizer

OFDM Demodulation

+

FilterControl

AdaptiveFilter

-

Desired Wave

Long-delayMultipath

92

Extended Equalization RangeExtended Equalization Range

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 100010

-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

Delay of multipath (μs)

BER

With equalizer

Without equalizer

Equalizing range of delay

D/U=6dBC/N=30dB

GITu/8

93

Coupling Loop Interference CancellerCoupling Loop Interference Canceller

Tx UnitRx Unit

TransversalFilter

FilterControl

Coupling Loop Interference Canceller

Coupling Loop Interference

FromMaster station

ReceivingAntenna

TransmittingAntenna

Before cancelling After cancelling

•About 10 companies are developing cancellers.•The development is advanced by a national project of TAO.

(TAO: Telecommunications Advancement Organization of Japan)

94

4.9 4.9 International ActivitiesInternational Activities

International ActivitiesInternational Activities

(1) In 1990s, ISDB-T had been reported in ITU-R, TG11/3, and recommended as a international broadcasting system in ITU-R Assembly meeting held in Istanbul in 2000.

(2) Asian-Pacific Broadcasting Union (ABU) had held Workshop on DTTV since 1998, and DiBEG had been participating in it.

(3) Since 1990s, the ISDB-T group participated in many international meetings on DTTV to explain the superiority of ISDB-T to the world, ITU-R, ABU, IBC, NAB, BroadcastingAsia, SMPTE, SET(Brazil), ISBT(China), etc..

(4) In 1998, DiBEG participated in Singapore and Hong Kong carried out the comparison tests of three systems.

(5) In 2000, Brazil carried out the same comparison tests, and they unveiled tests results for the first time in the world. The results showed ISDB-T was the best.

(6) DiBEG has been proceeding with the penetration activities of ISDB-T in the world, focusing on South America and Asia.

96

Trial Area(Singapore)Trial Area(Singapore)(Sight from Temple Hill Station)(Sight from Temple Hill Station)

Experimental routes

97

Results of Mobile Reception Results of Mobile Reception In SingaporeIn Singapore

ISDB-T, 2secDVB-T

DVB-T

DVB-T

Comparison tests between DVB-T and ISDB-T

DVB-T: many impossible places

98

Systems Systems PrametersPrameters for Tests(in Brazil)for Tests(in Brazil)

ATSC DVB-2K DVB-8K ISDB-T

Modulation 8VSB COFDM COFDM COFDM

Payload 19,39 Mbits/s 19,75 Mbits/s 18,09 Mbits/s 19,33 Mbits/s

Receivers Zenith NDS NDS NECChip TChip UChip SChip A

New receivers

Chip N Chip JChip L

Chip M

99

Impulse NoiseImpulse Noise

Better performance of the ISDB-T system, by introducing time interleaving

Relation between the noise pulse width & interference to signal ratio

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

0 100 200 300 400

Pulse width (us)

"I"/

C (

dB)

ATSC - Chip A

DVB - NDS - 3/4 1/16 2K

DVB - Chip M - 2/3 1/32 8K

ISDB - NEC - 3/4 1/16 4K 0,1s

100

Outdoor: CoverageOutdoor: Coverage

Success on Receiving - Cumulative FunctionCriterion: Number of Errors < 5

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Distance (km)

Per

cen

tag

e o

f S

ites

ATSC DVB-2k DVB-8k ISDB-T

101

Tests Results of Mobile ReceptionTests Results of Mobile Receptionin Brazilin Brazil

Experiment of field mobile in BrazilExperiment of field mobile in Brazil

ParameterParameterStandardStandard

ModulationModulation GuardGuardLengthLength CarrierCarrier

TransmissionTransmissionRate Rate

(Mbps)(Mbps)

ErrorsErrors(Times)(Times)

1616QAMQAM 2/32/3 1/161/16 22kk 11.4511.45 00

6464QAMQAM 2/32/3 1/161/16 22kk 17.1817.18 66ISDBISDB--TT

1616QAMQAM 2/32/3 1/161/16 44kk 11.4511.45 00

QPSKQPSK 1/21/2 1/161/16 22kk 4.394.39 11

QPSKQPSK 2/32/3 1/161/16 22kk 5.855.85 ManyManyDVBDVB--TT

QPSKQPSK 1/21/2 1/321/32 88kk 4.524.52 ManyMany

ATSCATSC 88VSBVSB 19.3919.39 Out ofOut ofmeasurementmeasurement

ConvolutionConvolution

For For ATSCATSC’’ss InsistenceInsistenceATSC ： The ATSC’s service area is larger than DVB-T and ISDB-T.

“This is the natural result. In addition to pure information, both DVB-T and ISDB-T are transmitting guard interval signals against multi-path interferences. The guard interval signals are redundant, but to transmit such a countermeasure signals is indispensable against multi-path interferences, which always take palace and are inevitable in the terrestrial transmission paths.”

“ATSC doesn’t have such a function as the guard interval, and transmission power is used only for the information transmission. Therefore, theATSC’s service area is large, but the actual receiving performance arevery poor, as people always experience. ATSC don’t use the transmission power for the countermeasure signals against indispensable multi-path interferences in the terrestrial transmission.”

“ATSC is just like without error correcting codes in digital systems. ATSCis the naked system against multi-path interferences”

“The ATSC side always says “that the next generation multi-path equalizer has been under development”. At present, I heard the next generation was the fifth. They maybe have to continue to develop the next generation equalizer for ever.”

For DVBFor DVB--TT’’s Insistences InsistenceDVB-T ：

(1) The one seg function can’t be adopted for the GSM cellular phones.(2) Concerning mobile reception, DVB-H can cover these services.(3) ISDB-T’s receivers are very expensive.

“ All above comments are incorrect. ”

“ In Japan, GSM is not used, therefore currently there are not the GSM cellular phones with one seg in the market. Therefore, it is not a technical matter and not a crucial matter, but a false charge against us. Docomo and other manufactures are supposed to put their cellular phones with roaming function and one seg this year. ”

“ DVB-H is a different system from the original DVB-T. Since DVB-T doesn’t have a hierarchical transmission function, DVB-T can’t broadcast HDTV with high bit rate and mobile services simultaneously. ”

“ As I mentioned in my presentation, many kinds of ISDB-T receivers from many manufactures are on the market. The price is going down year by year. As there are not DVB-T receivers for 6MHz and for HDTV reception in the market, we can’t make comments on the price of DVB-T receivers. ”

104

5. 5. ConclusionConclusion

105

(1) Digital broadcasting has been penetrating in the world and l(1) Digital broadcasting has been penetrating in the world and leading eading digital consumer electronics.digital consumer electronics.

(2) The number of digital broadcasting receivers has been increa(2) The number of digital broadcasting receivers has been increasing sing rapidly in the world.rapidly in the world.

(3) (3) The Japanese The Japanese terrestrial digital broadcastingterrestrial digital broadcasting (ISDB(ISDB--T)T) had been had been developed based on the experiences of the development of TELETEXdeveloped based on the experiences of the development of TELETEXT T and FM multiplex broadcasting systems.and FM multiplex broadcasting systems.

(4) In Japan, ISDB(4) In Japan, ISDB--T T receivers have been penetrating fastest in the world.receivers have been penetrating fastest in the world.

(5)(5) ISDBISDB--TT has a lot of merits, system flexibility, mobile and portable has a lot of merits, system flexibility, mobile and portable reception, SFN, robustness against any interferences etc.reception, SFN, robustness against any interferences etc.

(6)(6) BrazilBrazil decided decided to adopt to adopt ISDBISDB--T T as their national systemas their national system last year,last year, on on the results of comparison of three systems.the results of comparison of three systems.

(7) Only ISDB(7) Only ISDB--T can satisfy the need of all people, and contribute to the T can satisfy the need of all people, and contribute to the improvement of the life of all people.improvement of the life of all people.

ISDBISDB--T is the best.T is the best.

ConclusionConclusion

106

Since radio frequencies are the common resources for people, we have to use them usefully.

The most effective usage for VHF and UHF is for mobile and portable applications.

Once we decide the DTTB system as a national broadcasting standard, we can’t change the system anymore.

We should select the best system for descendants not to regret it later.

If you make a correct selection, we, Japanese side will do our best for Argentina.

Let’s work together !

Once AgainOnce Again