honors - carbon & organic compounds 1213
TRANSCRIPT
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Organic CompoundsEnzymes
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Figure 4.1
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Figure 4.2EXPERIMENT
“Atmosphere”
Electrode
Condenser
CH4
H2NH3
Water vapor
Cooled “rain”containingorganicmolecules
Cold water
Sample for chemical analysis
H2O “sea”
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Figure 4.7(a) Structural isomers
(b) Cis-trans isomers
(c) Enantiomers
cis isomer: The two Xsare on the same side.
trans isomer: The two Xsare on opposite sides.
CO2HCO2H
CH3
H NH2
L isomer
NH2
CH3
H
D isomer
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Figure 4.8
Drug
Ibuprofen
Albuterol
ConditionEffective
EnantiomerIneffectiveEnantiomer
Pain;inflammation
Asthma
S-Ibuprofen R-Ibuprofen
R-Albuterol S-Albuterol
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Figure 4.UN02
Estradiol
Testosterone
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Carbonyl
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Hydroxyl
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Carboxyl
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Amino
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Phosphate
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Methyl
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Sulfhydryl
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What does this mean about connection between Genes and Protein?
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Monomers and Polymers
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Cooperative Binding
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Carbonic Anhydrase
• 104 to 106 reactions per second.
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QUESTION: In ray-finned fish how does the Root effect allow unloading of oxygen to peripheral tissues without compromising its uptake in the gills during blood acidosis.
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No plamsa-accessible CA (in gills)
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Functions of Proteins
When in doubt…..proteins
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Storage
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Structural
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Transport
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Hormonal
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Receptor
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Contractile & Motor
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Defensive
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Enzymes
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Restriction Enzyme
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Enzymes
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Enzyme Simulation
• How is the velocity of an enzyme reaction effected by:– pH– Temperature– Substrate Concentration
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Initial Velocity (V0 or VI)
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Initial Velocity (V0 or VI)
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Vmax
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Enzymatic Pathway
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Protein Quantification
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Starch
Glucose
Starch
Monomers vs. polymers
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LACTASE: LCT (Single Mutation)
AMYLASE:AMY Gene (multiple copies)
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