horticulture supply chain workshop - afccc · • pallets stacked too high blocking airflow to rear...
TRANSCRIPT
Horticulture supply
chain workshopPresented by
Mark Mitchell
Brisbane 5th September 2019
Introduction
This presentation will provide an overview of the current state of food cold chain in
Australia, and an introduction to some of the guiding principles and requirements
necessary for its improvement.
The content and conclusions are presented from the results of the work we are doing
at my own SuperCool, and from the policies and objectives currently
Under focus by the Australian Food Cold Chain Council (AFCCC).
Introduction
Compliance to worlds best practices is now on the
Australian agenda due to the global food loss and
wastage (FLW) crisis and its triple bottom line.
Commercial, consumer, logistics and contractual
arrangements should no longer ignore food safety
and the opportunity for FLW reduction.
New technology and systems are always at the
forefront of the refrigeration industry and the cold
chain, however proper implementation of existing first level technology is required.
When food is stored and transported
at its correct temperature,
losses are reduced and shelf life is honored
The process - simplified
Cold chain type – end to end
Multiple ownership of temperature makes temperature abuse more common, and
avoidance of responsibility easier
Cold chain type – closed loop
Single ownership of temperature, clear responsibility
Cold chain transport and storage is a chain of events separated
into Control Points (CP) and Critical Control Points (CCP)
The process - simplified
A compliant cold chain proves its product temperature between all stakeholders
The process - simplified
Compliant temperatures require collaboration between key stakeholders
REFRIGERATION SYSTEMCONTAINER &
VEHICLE BODY BUILDERPROCESS
The process - simplified
Storage
at DC
Load
IMC
Road
Journey
rail point
IMC
transfer
to rail
wagon
Rail
journey
IMC
transfer
road
Road
journey Unload
IMC
Storage
at DC
Long haul example
Road and rail cold chain
Storage
at DC
Load
IMC Road
Journey
IMC
transfer
to rail
Rail
journey
IMC
transfer
to road
Road
journeyUnload
IMCStorage
at DC
Monitoring and data points
StorageLoad
IMC
Temperature,
packaging
and packing
Time
temperature
to IMC at
dock
Time
temperature,
stacking in
IMC at dock
Time
temperature
at journey
start
Time
temperature
on loading
dock
Time
temperature
to loading
dock
The critical control points are CRITICAL
Unload IMCStorage
Temperature
at journey
end
Time
temperatur
e in IMC at
dock
Time
temperature
unloading to
dock
Time
temperature
on loading
dock
Time
temperatur
e to storage
Temperatur
e in storage
The critical control points are CRITICAL
When things go wrong
Responsibility is unclear
Boxes touch
the wall
Entire pallet
touches the wall
Different problems,
same result
Boxes touch
the wall
Entire pallet
touches the wall
Pallets are
too close
2
9
When things go wrong
Responsibility is unclear
Equipment is important
HACCP compliant
process in place
Record of journey
and events
Alerts issued when
exception occurs
Monitored
temperatures
Monitored door openings
Locked and secure
Correct temperature
Refrigerated to ISO
standards
• When a temperature rule is broken during a journey or upon arrival at a destination, the
common practice in a non-compliant cold chain is to finger point to someone else to take
responsibility, or to not disclose the rule has been broken.
• Any activity with shared responsibility between stakeholders, by nature attracts the typical
‘its not me’ mentality.
• Therefore stakeholders must commit to implementing cold chain decision making based
on facts and data.
• A prime example of this is when airflow causing lack of refrigerating effect on a product is
deemed to be the cause of an event.
When things go wrong
Finger pointing starts
Example finger point | Airflow
Product
arrives out of
temperature
Product
temp at
departure
Ok. DC not
responsible
Product
temperature
during journey
not available
Air temp in
fridge Ok.
Transporter
not
responsible
Transporter
blames
loading
point temp
QC blame
refrigeration
system,
insufficient
capacity
QC at
destination
determine
issue is at
rear of IMC
Arrival point
blames
loading point
after review of
fridge temp
Transporter
shows fridge
system service
certificate, all
Ok
QC engage
refrigeration
manufacturer
who confirms
airflow
Photos show
stock moved
and high in
places
Loading
point
blames
transporter
Transporter
says not
responsible for
stock moving
Loading point
blames
transporter for
stock moving
Packaging
company not
responsible,
blames
refrigeration
Product
owner
considers
blame on all
parties
Finger
pointing
continues…
Example finger point | Airflow
The facts
• Good flow produces heat
convection
• It is crucial for maintaining
product temperature in
transport
• Moving air is forced
convection
• Still air is free convection
• Sufficient forced air convection
occurs in IMC and trailer
applications velocities > 0.5 m/s
• Inadequate forced air and free
air convection can occur at the
rear of an IMC/Trailer, or at
velocities of 0.0 to 0.1 m/s
Example finger point | Airflow
The facts
• Packaging, packing, stacking and wrapping play
a role in product temperature compliance
• They are four different things
• Either can block airflow sufficiently to negate
convection and introduce conduction
• Can eliminate the efficiency of good refrigeration
Example finger point | Airflow
The facts
The reality of responsibility in this typical example is the opposite to current behaviour and thinking.
Loading point - is a primary responsible party due to;
• Inability to prove product temperature from the loading dock to the IMC
• Pallets stacked too high blocking airflow to rear of IMC
• Lack of co-operation with transporter to validate fit for purpose packing and wrapping for the journey
• Insufficient load restraints installed for journey (plywood not good enough)
Transporter - is a primary responsible party due to;
• Inability to prove product temperature from the loading dock to the IMC
• Pallets stacked too high blocking airflow to rear of IMC
• Lack of co-operation with loading point to validate fit for purpose packing and wrapping for the journey
• Inability to prove product temperature during journey, and absence of adequate air temperature monitoring
• No thermal certification of equipment
• Insufficient load restraints installed prior to journey (plywood not good enough)
Refrigeration system installer - is a secondary responsible party due to;
• Lack of advice regarding use of air ducts and secondary evaporators at the point of installation to make the IMC more fit for purpose.
IMC manufacturer - is a secondary responsible party due to;
• Making incorrect fit for purpose claims
• Providing no ISO/ATP/AHRI/ASNZ thermal certifications for the IMC
Example finger point | Airflow
The facts
Capacity - is the unit or system large
enough or sufficient in achieving heat
removal to meet the heat load requirement
Performance – is the unit working properly
according to the manufacturers
specifications without faults or modifications
Efficiency – is the unit in combination with
other equipment in the application
sufficient to achieve the correct
temperature result.
Equipment CPE factor
Euroscan hardware
Product temperature monitoring must be continuous…..
end point only not good enough.
Automatic systems are best
Journey temperature mapping is second best to probing.
Must be continuous and automatic.
Smart product probe technology is here
Cold Chain View – main page
Customer
Cold Chain View – main pageCustomer
Cold Chain View – data report
The pudding is in theproof
ColdFoodCode
will provide guidance to
different sectors of cold
chain industry and
stakeholders
The planet currently produces
food for 10 billion people.
The world population is seven
billion, yet the food gets to only
six billion people.
COST OF FOODLOSS AND WASTE
$2.6 TRILLION
In both hunger and climate impact,
food loss and waste is the world’s third
largest country
If food waste was a countryGreenhouse Gas Emissions
In the APEC Nations 74% of food is lost
during production and consumptionThe top four commodity by stage
This presentation will focus on the FSC
prior to the consumption stage to
observe the food losses condition of
production and marketing systems.
• In the top four food losses commodity group, the
loss percentage prior to consumption stage is
respectively as 36.16% (production), 16.45%
(handling & storage), 29.20% (processing &
packaging) and 28.37% (distribution)
• In the Fruits and Vegetables group, the loss
percentage is higher in the stage of production
and process & packaging
• In the Fish & Seafood and Meat group, the loss
percentage is higher in the stage of distribution
Just 1.3% of the water on the planet is
fresh water that can be accessed,
and 70% of that is used for agriculture
The connection between food waste,
climate change and hunger is missingFood waste has a devastating impact on the environment.
The water used to grow just the food we discard is greater than the water used by
any single nation in the world.
The embodied carbon dioxide CO2 emissions in food waste alone represent 3.3
billion metric tons. That’s all the energy that goes to produce the food we never eat
– the fuel, the electricity, processing, packaging, transport…..
20.4LITRES OF
WATERSingle head of broccoli
Hunger and under-nutrition reduce the
global GDP by up to 3 per cent, or some $2 trillion annually
A report prepared by the International Food Policy
Research Institute shows that for every dollar that
any government around the globe invests in nutrition
to reduce hunger and stunting, it sees an average
return of 16 times, and in some countries much
higher.
If food loss and waste can be reduced and the
leaking of nutritious calories out of the food supply
chain can be stopped, the entire economies of
countries around the world can be raised.
Bank of America Merrill Lynch study
Refrigeration is the key
It is a lot cheaper and efficient to devote resources to maintaining
the condition, quality and wholesomeness of product that is
already harvested, rather than try to compensate for post harvest
losses by producing more and more.
Is there an environmental benefit in
developing cold chains in emerging economies?
A study was conducted to
establish the consequence of
developing cold chains in
emerging economies relationship
between and specifically the
balanced between:
Reduction of food losses, and associated
carbon footprint Additional emissions from
increased energy use,
refrigerants and greater
transport distances
Refrigeration is the key
Decrease of FLW
carbon footprint
from cold chain
expansion
outbalances
additional emissions
by a factor of 10.
FLW and cold chains
Current carbon footprint and effect of
the development of cold chains
Transport refrigeration
alone could avoid a
quarter of food waste in
developing countriesNothing keeps perishable products safe, maintains
their physical and nutritional qualities and prolongs
their shelf life like cold air.
Drive fresh fish or fresh green vegetables to market
in an open truck in the hot sun and they can be
ruined before they get there.
This makes the modern cold chain an indispensable
tool of global trade and increasingly a field of high
technology – marine container refrigeration, truck
and trailer refrigeration, warehouse and food retail
refrigeration and home refrigerators.
More than 50% of the food categories
wasted are the food types that can
be extended by the cold chain.
The challenge in this room
We can and must expand best practice refrigeration in world.
We can and must improve the efficiency of the food cold chain
This is an imperative to feeding people properly in both developed and
developing nations.
We must do it urgently with the lowest impact on our global environment.
Thanks for listening