How will the South be rebuilt?

RECONSTRUCTIONRECONSTRUCTION

Lincoln’s 10% PlanLincoln’s 10% Plan

* When 10% of states’ population takes an oath of loyalty that Conf. state can re-enter the Union

* When 10% of states’ population takes an oath of loyalty that Conf. state can re-enter the Union

* Lincoln assassinated by John Wilkes Booth before plan takes effect* Lincoln assassinated by John Wilkes Booth before plan takes effect

Johnson’s PresidencyJohnson’s Presidency no voting rights for high-

ranking Confederate officials

Civil Rights Act of 1866Civil Rights Act of 18661) Congress creates Freedman’s Bureau, helps former

slaves Southerners upset – blacks getting a “free ride”

2) Civil Rights Act of 1866 gives former slaves citizenship – forbids discriminatory laws

Johnson vetoes Act, Congress overrides veto

Johnson pardons (forgives) 13K Confederates

14th & 15th Amendment14th & 15th Amendment Republicans in Congress create 14th Amendment

Prevented states from denying rights to any U.S. citizen, “all persons born or naturalized in the U.S.”

15th Amendment states a person cannot be denied right to vote based on race

Johnson’s ImpeachmentJohnson’s Impeachment Many Southerners not giving blacks rights,

Cong. passes 1867: Reconstruction Act (no Lincoln/Johnson plan)

South to be divided into 5 military zones Johnson vetoes bill

Congress overrides veto. Congress says he is abusing his power

Johnson impeached by House of Reps, found not guilty in the Senate – Johnson remains in office

1868 Election1868 Election• Civil War hero, Ulysses S. Grant, wins• 500,000 African Amer. vote

• Hiram Revels: 1st African American Senator• 16 of 125 Southerners elected to US Congress (during Reconstruction) were African American

Population of the “New South”Population of the “New South”1. Rich former plantation owners2. Scalawags: poor white Southerners who

joined Repubs3. Carpetbaggers: Northerners who moved South

after war4. Freed Slaves• Many freed slaves now “work” for former

plantation owners as sharecroppers

End of ReconstructionEnd of Reconstruction• Ku Klux Klan (KKK) uses scare tactics, kills 20K• 1872: Freedmen’s Bureau funding ceases (ends)• Southern Democrats gain more power, pass Black CodesBlack Codes• 1876 Election: no candidate gets majority vote to win• Compromise of 1877: Southern Democrats will vote for

Repub. Rutherford Hayes if Hayes ends Reconstruction• Hayes ends reconstruction, South begins passing Jim

Crow Laws limiting African-Americans rights

Jim Crow Laws

• To prevent African-Americans from voting, poll taxes & literacy tests were used

• Jim Crow laws began separating blacks from whites and reducing the rights of blacks in the South

• Jim Crow examples:

http://academic.udayton.edu/race/02rights/jcrow02.htm