human blood types. a person’s blood type is controlled by the genes they inherit from their...
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Human Blood Types
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• A person’s blood type is controlled by the genes they inherit from their parents.
• The combination of genes inherited controls what protein/antigens are found on a person’s red blood cells.
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• There are four different genes that control what blood type a person has.• Gene A• Gene B Chromosome 9• Gene O
• Gene Rh Chromosome 1
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• These 4 genes code for 3 different proteins/antigens.• Gene A codes for the A antigen• Gene B codes for the B antigen• Gene O codes for no antigen (zero)• Gene Rh codes for the Rh antigen
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• The presence or absence of these antigens determine which of the 8 different blood types a person has inherited.• A+
• Has the A and Rh antigens• A-
• Has the A antigen• B+
• Has the B and Rh antigens• B-
• Has the B antigen
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• AB+• Has the A, B and Rh antigens
• AB-• Has the A and B antigens
• O+• Has the Rh antigen
• O-• Has no antigens.
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• What blood type is known as the universal donor and why?
• O-• Has no antigens so there is nothing for the recipient to reject.
• What blood type is known as the universal recipient and why?
• AB+• Has all three antigens so no matter what blood they receive they will
recognize and accept it.
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Agglutination:• When two different blood types mix and
they contain different antigens, the blood will clump or agglutinate.
• Can A+ blood (A and Rh antigen) be transfused into a person with B+ blood (B and Rh antigen)?
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Phenotypes and Genotypes:
• A blood• AA or AO
• B blood• BB or BO
• O blood• OO
• AB blood• AB
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Rh+ blood Blood with Rh antigen
Rh- blood Blood with no Rh antigen
Rh + is dominant over Rh-
Rh+ and Rh+ = Rh+ blood
Rh+ and Rh- = Rh+ blood
Rh- and Rh- = Rh- blood
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• Lets start simple:• Cross a women with AA blood with a man
with AB blood. What would be the genotypic and phenotypic ratio of the offspring?
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• A little more challenging…..
• Cross a women with AB- blood with a man who as OO+ blood. Determine both the genotypic and phenotypic ratios of the offspring.
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