human body ( ระบบร_างกายมน_ษย_ เล_ม 1 )

450

Upload: uraipan-prangudomsub

Post on 27-Dec-2015

56 views

Category:

Documents


2 download

TRANSCRIPT

  • How to go to your page

    This eBook contains two volumes. Each volume has its own page numbering scheme, consisting of a volume number and a page number, separated by a . For example, to go to page 5 of Volume 1, type 1 5 in the page # box at the top of the screen and click Go. To go to page 5 of Volume 2, type 2 5 in the "page #" box and so forth.

  • 8,)*%'8732*-0)-009786%8)(+9-()838,),91%2&3(=

    7/)0)8%0 %2(197'90%6 7=78)17

    8,)(-%+6%1+6394

  • 8LI*EGXW3R*MPI-PPYWXVEXIH+YMHIXSXLI,YQER&SH]7OIPIXEPERH1YWGYPEV7]WXIQW

    'ST]VMKLX8LI(MEKVEQ+VSYT

    )HMXSVMEP 0MSRIP&IRHIV(EZMH,EVHMRK(IRMW/IRRIH]+SVHSR 0II7XIZI4EVOIV.EQMI7XSOIW

    7GMIRXMJMGGSRWYPXERX 7XITLIR6YHH

    (IWMKR %RXLSR]%XLIVXSR6MGLEVH,YQQIVWXSRI0II0E[VIRGI/MQ6MGLEVHWSR&IR;LMXI

    -PPYWXVEXMSR 4EZIP/SWXEP/EXLPIIR1G(SYKEPP

    4MGXYVIVIWIEVGL 2IMP1G/IRRE

    -RHI\IV .ERI4EVOIV

    %PPVMKLXWVIWIVZIH2STEVXSJXLMWFSSOQE]FIVITVSHYGIHSVYXMPM^IHMRER]JSVQSVF]ER]QIERWIPIGXVSRMGSVQIGLERMGEPMRGPYHMRKTLSXSGST]MRKVIGSVHMRKSVF]ER]MRJSVQEXMSRWXSVEKISVVIXVMIZEPW]WXIQW[MXLSYXTIVQMWWMSRMR[VMXMRKJVSQXLITYFPMWLIV*SVMRJSVQEXMSRGSRXEGX

    *EGXW3R*MPI-RG;IWXWX7XVIIX2I[=SVO2=

    I-7&2

    0MFVEV]SJ'SRKVIWW'EXEPSKMRKMR4YFPMGEXMSR(EXE

    8LI*EGXWSR*MPIMPPYWXVEXIHKYMHIXSXLILYQERFSH]7OIPIXEPERHQYWGYPEVW]WXIQW8LI(MEKVEQ+VSYT

    TGQ-RGPYHIWMRHI\1YWGYPSWOIPIXEPW]WXIQ{.YZIRMPIPMXIVEXYVI-8MXPI7OIPIXEPERHQYWGYPEVW]WXIQW--(MEKVEQ+VSYT51*{HG

    *EGXW3R*MPIFSSOWEVIEZEMPEFPIEXWTIGMEPHMWGSYRXW[LIRTYVGLEWIHMRFYPOUYERXMXMIWJSVFYWMRIWWIWEWWSGMEXMSRWMRWXMXYXMSRWSVWEPIWTVSQSXMSRW4PIEWIGEPPSYV7TIGMEP7EPIW(ITEVXQIRXMR2I[=SVOEXSV

    =SYGERJMRH*EGXW3R*MPISRXLI;SVPH;MHI;IFEXLXXT[[[JEGXWSRJMPIGSQ

    4VMRXIHMRXLI9RMXIH7XEXIWSJ%QIVMGE

    )&(MEKVEQ

    8LMWFSSOMWTVMRXIHSREGMHJVIITETIV

    2SXIXSXLIVIEHIV

  • 7)'8-32 %6177,390()67-RXVSHYGXMSR 7LSYPHIVQYWGPIW %VQQYWGPIW ;VMWXERHLERHQYWGPIW )\IVGMWIWERHHMWSVHIVW

    7)'8-32 0)+7 *))8-RXVSHYGXMSR 0IKQYWGPIW *SSXFSRIWERHQYWGPIW 0IKERHJIIXI\IVGMWIW 0IKHMWSVHIVW *SSXHMWSVHIVW

    7)'8-32 .3-287-RXVSHYGXMSR .SMRXX]TIW .SMRXQSZIQIRXW .SMRXQSZIQIRXW .SMRXQSFMPMX]I\IVGMWIW 4SWXYVITVSFPIQWERHI\IVGMWIW .SMRXHMWSVHIVW .SMRXHMWSVHIVW

    +PSWWEV]SJXLILYQERFSH] ;IFWMXIWXSZMWMX -RHI\

    -RXVSHYGXMSR %FSYXXLMWFSSO

    7)'8-32 &3(=7=78)17-RXVSHYGXMSR 4EVXWSJXLIWOIPIXEPW]WXIQ 7OIPIXEPOI][SVHWERHHMEKVEQW &SRIX]TIWERHHIZIPSTQIRX &SRIERHGEVXMPEKIWXVYGXYVI 1YWGPIW]WXIQ 1YWGPIJIEXYVIWERHOI][SVHW 1YWGPIPE]IVW{WYTIVJMGMEP (IITQYWGPIWERHQSXSVYRMXW 1YWGPIGSRXVEGXMSRWERHREQIW 1YWGPIEXXEGLQIRXWERHJMFIVW 7OIPIXSRERHQYWGPIGEVI *MXRIWWERHI\IVGMWI 7OIPIXEPHMWSVHIVW 1YWGYPEVHMWSVHIVW

    7)'8-32 ,)%( 74-2)-RXVSHYGXMSR :IVXIFVEI 4IPZMGKMVHPI 1SYXLNE[WERHXIIXL ,IEHQYWGPIW 7TMREPQYWGPIW 4IPZMGERHPS[IVFEGOQYWGPIW 6IPE\MRKXLIRIGOERHFEGO 7XVIRKXLIRMRKXLIRIGOERHFEGO

    7)'8-32 ',)78 %&(31)2-RXVSHYGXMSR 'LIWXQYWGPIW %FHSQMREPQYWGPIW -WSQIXVMGI\IVGMWIW 7XVIRKXLIRMRKI\IVGMWIW

    'SRXIRXW

  • -RXVSHYGXMSR

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

    ,YQERFSH]W]WXIQW8LMWFSSOMWSRISJIMKLXXMXPIWMR8,)*%'8732*-0)-009786%8)(+9-()838,),91%2&3(=WIVMIW[LMGLPSSOWEXIEGLSJXLIQENSVFSH]W]WXIQWMRXYVR7SQISJXLIXMXPIWMRXLIWIVMIWMRGPYHIQSVIXLERSRIW]WXIQ8LIWOIPIXEPERHQYWGYPEVW]WXIQWERHXLIFPSSHERHP]QTLEXMGW]WXIQWJSVI\EQTPI[SVOMRGSRNYRGXMSRERHWSEVIXVIEXIHXSKIXLIV8LIVIMWEWITEVEXIXMXPIJSVLYQERGIPPWERHKIRIXMGW[LMGLEVIXLIFYMPHMRKFPSGOWERHYRHIVP]MRKGLIQMWXV]SJEPPFSH]W]WXIQW

    7OIPIXEPERH1YWGYPEV7]WXIQW

    &VEMRERH2IVZSYW7]WXIQ

    ,IEVXERH'MVGYPEXSV]7]WXIQ

  • %&398 8,-7 &33/

    DIAGRAM

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

    WOIPIXEPNSMRXW[LIVIQYWGPIWERHFSRIW[SVOXSKIXLIVXSTVSZMHIFSH]QSZIQIRX

    8LMWFSSOLEWFIIR[VMXXIRF]EREXSQ]TL]WMSPSK]ERHLIEPXLI\TIVXWJSVRSRWTIGMEPMWXW-XGERFIYWIHeEWEKIRIVEPKYMHIXSXLI[E]XLILYQERFSH]JYRGXMSRWeEWEVIJIVIRGIVIWSYVGISJMQEKIWERHXI\XJSVYWIMRWGLSSPWPMFVEVMIWSVMRXLILSQIeEWEFEWMWJSVI\EQMREXMSRTVITEVEXMSRJSVWXYHIRXWSJLYQERFMSPSK]QIHMGMRIRYVWMRKTL]WMSXLIVET]ERHKIRIVEPLIEPXLGEVI

    'IPPWERH+IRIXMGW

    (MKIWXMZI7]WXIQ

    8LI7IRWIW 6IWTMVEXSV]7]WXIQ

    6ITVSHYGXMZI7]WXIQ

  • 7OIPIXSRERHQYWGPI EGXW8LIFSRIWSJXLIWOIPIXSRQEOIYTEFSYX TIVGIRXSJXLIFSH] WSZIVEPP[IMKLX1YWGPIWQEOIYTEFSYXTIVGIRXSJFSH][IMKLXMREX]TMGEPQEPIERHTIVGIRXMREX]TMGEPJIQEPI

    -RXVSHYGXMSR

    8LIWOIPIXEPW]WXIQGSRWMWXWSJEPPXLIFSRIWMRXLIFSH]ERHTVSZMHIWERMRXIVREPTVSXIGXMZIERHWYTTSVXMZIJVEQI[SVO1SWXFSRIWEVIPMROIHEXQSZIEFPINSMRXWXSQEOIXLIW]WXIQJPI\MFPI&SRIWEGXEWERGLSVTSMRXWJSVQYWGPIWERHEVITYPPIHF]XLIQXSTVSHYGIFSH]QSZIQIRXW,S[IZIVRSXEPPSJXLIQYWGYPEVW]WXIQMWEWWSGMEXIH[MXLXLIWOIPIXSR1YWGPIXMWWYIMWEPWSJSYRHMRXLIMRXIWXMRIWLIEVXERHSXLIVMRXIVREPSVKERW

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

    ) EQTPIWS QE SVWOIPIXEPQYWGPIW

    +EWXVSGRIQMYW

    8VERWZIVWYWEFHSQMRMW

    8IQTSVEPMW

    &MGITWFVEGLMM

    *PI\SVGEVTMVEHMEPMW

    (IPXSMH

    6IGXYWJIQSVMW

    8MFMEPMWERXIVMSV

  • 7)'8-32 &3(=7=78)17

    ) EQTPIWS QE SVFSRIWMRXLIWOIPIXEPW]WXIQ

    DIAGRAM

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

    7OYPP

    6MFW

    ,YQIVYW

    :IVXIFVEI

    *IQYV

    *MFYPE

    8MFME

    4IPZMW

    1IXEXEVWEPW

  • 4 VXWS X IW I IX W WXI

    7XVYGXYVI8LIVIEVIFSRIWMRXLIWOIPIXSR8LIWIEVIKVSYTIHEWXLIE\MEPERHETTIRHMGYPEVWOIPIXSRW

    7OYPP8LIFSRIWSJXLIWOYPPGSQTVMWIIMKLXMRXLIGVERMYQEVMKMHWLIPPKYEVHMRKXLIFVEMRERHJEGMEPFSRIWMRGPYHMRKXLIQERHMFPIXLIWMRKPIPS[IVNE[FSRIIVXIFVEI8LIFEGOFSRIvWZIVXIFVEIJSVQE[IMKLXFIEVMRKGSPYQRXLEXLEWEWPMKLX7GYVZIZMI[IHJVSQXLIWMHI8LIVIEVIWIZIRGIVZMGEPRIGOZIVXIFVEIXLSVEGMGGLIWXERHJMZIPYQFEVPS[IVFEGOZIVXIFVEI&IPS[XLIWIPMIXLIWEGVYQJMZIJYWIHPSEHFIEVMRKZIVXIFVEIERHGSGG]\JSYVJYWIHwXEMPxZIVXIFVEI6MFGEKI8LIVMFGEKISVGLIWXLEWTEMVWSJJPEXFSRIWXLIVMFWGYVZMRKJSV[EVHJVSQXLIXLSVEGMGZIVXIFVEI8VYIVMFWYTTIVWIZIRTEMVWNSMRXLIWXIVRYQEXXLIJVSRXSJXLIGLIWX*EPWI

    8LIE\MEPWOIPIXSRLEWFSRIWERHGSRWMWXWSJXLIWOYPPZIVXIFVEI MRGPYHMRKWEGVYQ VMFWERHWXIVRYQ

    8LIETTIRHMGYPEVWOIPIXSRLEWFSRIWERHGSRWMWXWSJXLIPMQFWERHXLIMVEXXEGLQIRXW

    VMFWTEMVWzNSMRXLIWIZIRXLTEMV*PSEXMRKVMFWTEMVWzIRHWLSVX0MQFKMVHPIW8LIWIERGLSVXLIPMQFWXSXLIE\MEPWOIPIXSR-RIEGLWLSYPHIVKMVHPIXLIVIMWEWGETYPELYRKEXXLIFEGOSJXLIGLIWXERHEGPEZMGPIFVEGMRKMXXSXLIWXIVRYQ8LILMTKMVHPIWGSRWMWXSJX[SLMTFSRIWIEGLQEHIYTSJXLVIIJYWIHFSRIWJPEROMRKXLIWEGVYQERH[MXLMXJSVQMRKXLITIPZMW0MQFW)EGLEVQLEWELYQIVYWYTTIVEVQVEHMYWERHYPREJSVIEVQERHFSRIWSJXLILERHGEVTEPW[VMWXQIXEGEVTEPWLERHERHTLEPERKIWJMRKIVW-RXLIPIKMWEJIQYVXLMKLXMFMEWLMRERHJMFYPEERHJSSXFSRIWXEVWEPWEROPIQIXEXEVWEPWWSPIERHTLEPERKIWXSIW

  • 7)'8-32 &3(=7=78)17

    DIAGRAM

    *IEXYVI'SRH]PI

    (METL]WMWSVWLEJX

    )TMTL]WMW

    *EGIX

    *MWWYVI

    *SVEQIR

    *SWWE

    ,IEH

    1IEXYW

    2IGO

    4VSGIWW

    7TMRSYWTVSGIWW

    8VSGLERXIV

    8VSGLPIE

    (IWGVMTXMSR%GSRGEZISVGSRZI\TVSQMRIRGIJSVQMRKTEVXSJENSMRX

    8LITEVXSJEPSRKFSRIFIX[IIRXLIITMTL]WIW

    2IEVXLIIRHSJEPSRKFSRI XLIPEWXTEVXXSFIGSQIXVYIFSRI

    %WQSSXLJPEXWYVJEGIJSVQMRKTEVXSJENSMRX

    %WPMXSVJYVVS[

    %LSPIJSVXLITEWWEKISJFPSSHZIWWIPWRIVZIWSVPMKEQIRXW

    %HITVIWWMSRLSPPS[SVGEZMX]

    6SYRHIHTVSNIGXMSREXXLIIRHSJEFSRIRIEVIWXXLIQEMRFSH]

    %GEREPSVTEWWEKI[E]VYRRMRKXLVSYKLEFSRI

    'SRWXVMGXIHTEVXSJEFSRIWYTTSVXMRKXLILIEH

    %TVSQMRIRXTVSNIGXMSR

    %TSMRXIHWPMQTVSNIGXMSRXS[LMGLGSRRIGXMZIXMWWYIWEXXEGL

    %PEVKIFPYRXTVSNIGXMSRXS[LMGLGSRRIGXMZIXMWWYIWEXXEGL

    .SMRXWYVJEGIKVSSZIHPMOIETYPPI]

    ) EQTPIW1IHMEPERHPEXIVEPGSRH]PIWSJXLILYQIVYWEXXLIIPFS[

    7LEJXSJXLIJIQYVMRXLIXLMKL

    )TMTL]WIWSJXLILYQIVYWRIEVXLIWLSYPHIVERHIPFS[

    %VXMGYPEVJEGIXSJEZIVXIFVEMRXLIFEGOFSRI

    7YTIVMSVSVFMXEPJMWWYVISJXLIWTLIRSMHFSRI

    *SVEQIRQEKRYQEXXLIFEWISJXLIWOYPPJSVXLIWTMREPGSVH

    'ERMRIJSWWEMRXLINE[FSRI

    ,IEHSJXLIJIQYV LIEHSJXLILYQIVYW

    )\XIVREPEYHMXSV]QIEXYW SYXIVIEVGEREP MRXIQTSVEPFSRI

    2IGOSJXLILYQIVYW RIGOSJXLIJIQYV

    1EWXSMHTVSGIWWSJXIQTSVEPFSRISJWOYPPFILMRHXLIIEV

    7TMRSYWTVSGIWWSJEZIVXIFVE

    +VIEXIVERHPIWWIVXVSGLERXIVWSJXLIJIQYVEXLMTNSMRX

    8VSGLPIESJXLILYQIVYW

  • %GIXEFYPYQ %WSGOIXMRXLILMTFSRIJSVXLIJIQYVvWVSYRHLIEH&EGOFSRI 7II IVXIFVEPGSPYQR&SRIQEVVS 7SJXVIHSV]IPPS[WYFWXERGIMRWMHIEFSRI'EPGERIYW 8LIXEVWEPEROPIFSRIXLEXJSVQWXLILIIP'EVTYW 8LI[VMWXvWJVEQI[SVOSJIMKLXWQEPPGEVTEPFSRIW'EVXMPEKI w+VMWXPIx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vWPS[IVWMHI[EPPW8IRHSRW &ERHWSJJMFVSYWGSRRIGXMZIXMWWYINSMRMRKQYWGPIWXSFSRIW9PRE 8LIMRRIVQSWXERHPSRKIVSJXLIX[SJSVIEVQFSRIWIVXIFVE %FSRISJXLIZIVXIFVEPGSPYQRTPYVEPZIVXIFVEIIVXIFVEPGSPYQR SV &EGOFSRI SV7TMRI8LIGSPYQRSJZIVXIFVEIFIX[IIRXLIWOYPPERHXLILMTFSRIWWYTTSVXMRKXLIFSH]ERHWLMIPHMRKXLIWTMREPGSVH-XLEWJMZIWIGXMSRWGIVZMGEPXLSVEGMGPYQFEVWEGVEPERHGSGG]KIEP]KSQEXMGFSRI 8LIGLIIOFSRI

    7OIPIXEP W]WXIQ OI] SVHW

    7 I IX I SVHW RHHM V W

    'EVTYW

    3GGMTMXEPFSRI

    4IPZMW QEPIMRJIVMSVZMI[

    9PRE

  • 7)'8-32 &3(=7=78)17

    DIAGRAM

    LSPI WOIPIXSRHMEKVEQW8LIWOIPIXSREWE[LSPIMWFMPEXIVEPP]W]QQIXVMGEPXLEXMWPIJXERHVMKLXEVIQMVVSVMQEKIW%TEVXJVSQEJI[QMHPMRIFSRIWWYGLEWXLIQERHMFPI PS[IVNE[ WXIVRYQ FVIEWXFSRI ERHZIVXIFVEIEPP

    SXLIVFSRIWEVI TEMVIH LEZMRKSTTSWMRKTEVXRIVW0EXIVEPWXEFMPMX]MWIREFPIHF]XLITIPZMW[LMGLEGXWEWEFVMHKI SZIVXLIPIKW7OYPPGLIWXERHEFHSQIREVISRXSTSJSRIERSXLIVERHFEPERGISZIVXLIJIIX

    %RXIVMSV VSRX ZMI 4SWXIVMSV VIEV ZMI 0EXIVEP WMHI ZMI

  • &SRIX IW RHHI I S IRX

    8]TI0SRKFSRIW8LIWIFSRIWEVIPSRKIVXLERXLI]EVI[MHI

    7LSVXFSRIW+IRIVEPP]FS\]SVGYFIWLETIH

    *PEXFSRIW*PEXSVGYVZIHWLIIXWSJFSRI

    -VVIKYPEVFSRIW(SRSXJMXMRXSXLIEFSZIGEXIKSVMIW

    7XVYGXYVI%HMETL]WMW WLEJX 8[SITMTL]WIWI\XVIQMXMIW 1SWXP]GSQTEGXFSRI[MXLWTSRK]FSRIEXXLIIRHW

    7TSRK]FSRIGSZIVIHF]EXLMREPPSZIVPE]IVSJGSQTEGXFSRI[LMGLMWXLMGOIVMRWSQITEVXWXSVIWMWXKVIEXIVWXVIWWIW

    %QMHHPIPE]IVSJWTSRK]FSRI%PE]IVSJGSQTEGXFSRISRIEGLWMHISJXLIWTSRK]FSRIPE]IV

    1EMRP]WTSRK]8LMRPE]IVWSJGSQTEGXFSRI4VSTSVXMSRSJWTSRK]XSGSQTEGXFSRIZEVMIW

    *YRGXMSR%GXEWPIZIVWERHWLSGOEFWSVFIVW

    *SVQFSRIKVSYTWSVGPSWIYRMXWPMOIXLI[VMWX WSQIWIWEQSMHW EWTIGMEPX]TISJFSRIJSYRH[MXLMRXIRHSR GLERKIXLIHMVIGXMSRSJTYPPSJEXIRHSR

    4VSZMHIPEVKIERGLSVEKIEVIEWJSVQYWGPIW4VSXIGXSVKERWWYGLEWXLIFVEMR WOYPPERHPS[IVEFHSQMREPTEVXWTIPZMW

    *YRGXMSRZEVMIWKIRIVEPP]GSQTPI\WLETIW3JXIRWIZIVEPJEGIWSVJEGIXWJSVNSMRXWERHEPWSJPERKIWSVVMHKIWJSVQYWGPIEXXEGLQIRX

    ) EQTPIW8LIFSRIWSJXLIXLMKLWPIKWXSIWYTTIVEVQWJSVIEVQWERHJMRKIVW

    &SRIWMRXLI[VMWXWERHEROPIWXLITEXIPPEORIIGET MWERI\EQTPISJEWIWEQSMHFSRI

    7OYPPVMFWWXIVRYQLMTWERHWGETYPEWLSYPHIVFPEHI

    8LIZIVXIFVEISJXLIWTMRIXLIJEGMEPFSRIWERHWSQIEROPIERH[VMWXFSRIW

    ,YQIVYW

    ;VMWX

    7OYPP

    :IVXIFVE

    8]TIWS FSRI

  • 7)'8-32 &3(=7=78)17

    DIAGRAM

    (IZIPSTQIRXS FSRIW

    &IJSVIFMVXLXLIIQFV]SRMGWOIPIXSRGSRWMWXWRSXSJFSRIWFYXSJGEVXMPEKIWXVYGXYVIWGEPPIHwQSHIPWxMRWMQMPEVWLETIWXSXLSWISJXLIIZIRXYEPQEXYVIFSRIW

    8LISYXIVFSRIQIQFVERISVTIVMSWXIYQJSVQWEVSYRHXLIQSHIP,EVHSVGSQTEGXFSRIFIKMRWXSWSPMHMJ]EWERSYXIVPE]IVEVSYRHXLIGEVXMPEKMRSYWGIRXVEPVIKMSR

    -RXLIGIRXIVSJXLIFSRIEXEVIKMSRGEPPIHXLITVMQEV]SWWMJMGEXMSRGIRXIVXLIGEVXMPEKIFIKMRWXSGLERKIMRXSWTSRK]FSRI%PPXLIXMQIXLIwQSHIPxWXVYGXYVIIRPEVKIW[MXLMRXLIKVS[MRKFSH]

    %WXLIGEVXMPEKIGLERKIWJVSQXLIGIRXIVSYX[EVHMRXSWTSRK]FSRIXLIQMHHPIMXWIPJWXEVXWXSFVIEOHS[RXSJSVQ[LEX[MPPFIGSQIXLIQEVVS[GEZMX]7IGSRHEV]SWWMJMGEXMSRGIRXIVWJSVQEXXLIIRHW

    %JXIVFMVXLXLIFSRIGSRXMRYIWXSPIRKXLIREXKVS[XLEVIEWFIX[IIRXLIWLEJXERHIEGLIRHGEPPIHITMTL]WIEPTPEXIW%PE]IVSJEVXMGYPEVGEVXMPEKIJSVQWSZIVIEGLIRHXSGSZIVXLIFSRIMRWMHIXLINSMRX

    4IVMSWXIYQQIQFVERI

    'SQTEGXFSRI

    7IGSRHEV]SWWMJMGEXMSRGIRXIV

    )TMTL]WIEPTPEXI

    %VXMGYPEVGEVXMPEKI

    )TMTL]WIEPTPEXI

    %VXMGYPEVGEVXMPEKI

    7IGSRHEV]SWWMJMGEXMSR

    GIRXIV

    4VMQEV]SWWMJMGEXMSRGIRXIV

  • &SRI RHG VXM IWXVYGXYVI

    &SRIQMGVSWXVYGXYVI'SQTEGXFSRIMWQEHIYTSJG]PMRHVMGEPYRMXWGEPPIH,EZIVWMERW]WXIQW SWXISRW 8LIWIVYRPIRKXL[E]WEPSRKXLIFSRIERHGSQTVMWIEGIRXVEPGEREP XLI,EZIVWMERGEREP LSYWMRKFPSSHZIWWIPWERHRIVZIWWYVVSYRHIHF]PEQIPPEI GSRGIRXVMGXYFYPEVTPEXIW 0EQIPPEIGER[MXLWXERHWXVIWWERHEGXPMOIXMR][IMKLXFIEVMRKTMPPEVW8LI]EVINSMRIHXSIEGLSXLIVF]WMQMPEVGEREPWGEPPIH:SPOQERRWGEREPW

    +IRIVEPFSRIWXVYGXYVI%PSRKFSRIGSRWMWXWSJFSXLGSQTEGXERHWTSRK]FSRIXMWWYI

    (METL]WMW WLE X %QEMRP]XYFYPEVWLETIQEHISJGSQTEGXFSRI8LMWMWLEVH[MXLEVMKMHWXVYGXYVIJSV[IMKLXFIEVMRK]IXPMKLX[IMKLXXSTIVQMXQSZIQIRX1IHYPPEV]GEZMX] %GEZMX]MRWMHIXLIHMETL]WMWJMPPIH[MXL]IPPS[FSRIQEVVS[7SQIXMQIWGEPPIHXLIQEVVS[GEZMX]8LMWMW[LIVIXLIFSRIWXSVIWJEX)TMTL]WIW 8LIIRHWLIEHJSSXSJXLIFSRIQEHISJWTSRK]FSRIXMWWYI

    %VXMGYPEVGEVXMPEKI )EGLITMTL]WMWMWGSZIVIH[MXLEPE]IVSJWQSSXLWLMR]GEVXMPEKIXLEXEGXWPMOIEGYWLMSRXSTVSXIGXXLINSMRXJVSQ[IEVERHXIEV4IVMSWXIYQ 8LMWMWEWXVSRKJMFVSYWQIQFVERIXLEXGSZIVWXLIIRXMVIFSRI[MXLXLII\GITXMSRSJXLINSMRXWYVJEGIW8LITIVMSWXIYQTVSZMHIWERERGLSVMRKTSMRXJSVXIRHSRWERHPMKEQIRXW)RHSWXIYQ %JMFVSYWQIQFVERIXLEXPMRIWXLIQIHYPPEV]GEZMX]&SRIGIPPW &SRIGSRXEMRWFSRIJSVQMRKGIPPWGEPPIHSWXISFPEWXWERHFSRIHIWXVS]MRKGIPPWGEPPIHSWXISGPEWXW

    %VXMGYPEVGEVXMPEKI

    1IHYPPEV] QEVVS[ GEZMX]

    )RHSWXIYQ 4IVMSWXIYQ

    &PSSHZIWWIPWERHRIVZIW

    :SPOQERRWGEREP

    'IRXVEPGEREP

    4IVMSWXIYQ0EQIPPEI

    ,EZIVWMERW]WXIQ

  • 7)'8-32 &3(=7=78)17

    DIAGRAM

    &SRIERHGEVXMPEKI'SQTEGX LEVH FSRIMWHIRWIERHWXVSRK7TSRK] GERGIPPSYWFSRILEWLSRI]GSQFPMOIWTEGIW,]EPMRIGEVXMPEKIMRGPYHIWEVXMGYPEV NSMRX GEVXMPEKI)PEWXMGGEVXMPEKIMWWTVMRK]ERHJSYRHMRPSGEXMSRWWYGLEWXLIIEVJPET*MFVSGEVXMPEKIMWHIRWIVERHWXVSRKIVERHVIMRJSVGIWWSQINSMRXW

    7IGXMSRXLVSYKLEWLSVXFSRI

    1MGVSWGSTMGWIGXMSRXLVSYKLL]EPMRIGEVXMPEKI

    1MGVSWGSTMGWIGXMSRXLVSYKLIPEWXMGGEVXMPEKI

    1MGVSWGSTMGWIGXMSRXLVSYKL MFVS GEVXMPEKI

    7IGXMSRXLVSYKLEPEXFSRI

    'SQTEGXFSRI

    'LSRHVSRIW

    'LSRHVSG]XIW

    7TSRK]FSRI

    'SQTEGXFSRI

    -RXIVGIPPYPEVQEXVM\KVSYRHWYFWXERGI

    -RXIVGIPPYPEVQEXVM\

    'LSRHVSRIW

    'IPPLEPS

    'SPPEKIRJMFIVW

    'SQTEGXFSRI

    7TSRK]FSRI

    )PEWXMGJMFIVW

    'LSRHVSRIW

  • 1YWG IW WXI

    7YTIV MGMEPQYWGPIW8LIWIEVIQYWGPIWNYWXYRHIVXLIWOMR&IRIEXLEVIMRXIVQIHMEXIERHHIITQYWGPIPE]IVW

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vWQYWGYPEVQMHHPIPE]IV-XWGIPPW[LMGLEVITEVXWXVMEXIHEVIG]PMRHVMGEP

    [MXLFVERGLIWSJXIR=WLETIHERHGSRXEMRMRKEGIRXVEPRYGPIYW'EVHMEGQYWGPIGIPPWEVIWITEVEXIHF]NYRGXMSRWGEPPIHMRXIVGEPEXIHHMWOWERHJSVQEHIRWIRIX[SVOIRGEWIHMRGSRRIGXMZIXMWWYI'EVHMEGQYWGPI[SVOW[MXLSYXGSRWGMSYWGSRXVSPXSTVSHYGIGSRXVEGXMSRWLIEVXFIEXWXLEXTVSTIPFPSSHEVSYRHXLIFSH]

  • 7)'8-32 &3(=7=78)17

    DIAGRAM

    1YWGPIKVSYTW 7OIPIXEPQYWGPIWEVIKVSYTIHF]PSGEXMSRMRXSLIEHQYWGPIWSTIVEXMRKXLIWGEPTI]IPMHWRSWIQSYXLERHNE[WERXIVSPEXIVEPRIGOQYWGPIWMRGPYHMRKGIVZMGEPL]SMHERHERXIVMSVERHPEXIVEPZIVXIFVEPQYWGPIWXVYROQYWGPIWMRGPYHMRKXLIXLSVE\EFHSQIRFEGOTIPZMWERHTIVMRIYQERHYTTIVERHPS[IVPMQFQYWGPIW

    1YWGPIEGXMSRW1ER]HMJJIVIRXXIVQWHIWGVMFIXLIEGXMSRWSJQYWGPIW8LIWIEVISJXIRMRGSVTSVEXIHMRXSXLIREQISJXLIQYWGPI*SVI\EQTPIXLITVSREXSVXIVIWMRXLIJSVIEVQTVSREXIWXLILERHXYVRMRKXLITEPQHS[R[EVHSVFEGO[EVH8LIEHHYGXSVQEKRYWEHHYGXWXLIXLMKLTYPPMRKMXXS[EVHXLIQMHPMRISJXLIFSH]

    7QSSXL ZMWGIVEP QYWGPI

    'EVHMEGQYWGPI

    7OIPIXEP WXVMEXIH QYWGPI

    0SRKMXYHMREPWIGXMSR

    0SRKMXYHMREPWIGXMSR

    0SRKMXYHMREPWIGXMSR

    8]TMGEPPSGEXMSR

    8]TMGEPPSGEXMSR

    8]TMGEPPSGEXMSR

    -RXIWXMREPXVEGXSXLIVZMWGIVE

    1]SGEVHMYQMR[EPPWSJLIEVX

    PMQFWLIEHRIGOXVYRO

    'IPPRYGPIM

    'IPPRYGPIM

    'SRRIGXMZIXMWWYI

    'IPPRYGPIM

    'IPPRYGPIM

    'SRRIGXMZIXMWWYI

    'VSWWWXVMTIWWXVMEXMSRW

    'VSWWWXVMTIWWXVMEXMSRW

    'VSWWWXVMTIWWXVMEXMSRW

    'SRRIGXMZIXMWWYI

    'IPPRYGPIM

    -RXIVGEPEXIHHMWGW

    'SRRIGXMZIXMWWYI

    'IPPRYGPIM

    'SRRIGXMZIXMWWYI

  • 1YWG I I XYVIW RH I SVHW1YWG I I XYVIW RH I SVHW1YWG I I XYVIW RH I SVHW

    7OIPIXEPQYWGPIXMWWYI IEXYVIW) GMXEFMPMX]8LIEFMPMX]XSVIGIMZIERHVIWTSRHXSEWXMQYPYW1YWGPIWVIGIMZIWXMQYPMMRXLIJSVQSJRIVZIWMKREPWJVSQXLIRIVZSYWW]WXIQ8LI]VIWTSRHF]GSRXVEGXMSR'SRXVEGXMPMX]8LIEFMPMX]XSWLSVXIR;LIRWXMQYPEXIHQYWGPIWWLSVXIRXSTVSHYGIQSZIQIRX%[LSPIQYWGPIQE]GSRXVEGXF]zTIVGIRXSJMXWRSVQEPSVVIWXMRKPIRKXL)PEWXMGMX]8LIEFMPMX]SJEQYWGPIXSVIXYVRXSMXWRSVQEPSVVIWXMRKWM^IEJXIVGSRXVEGXMSRSVI\XIRWMSR) XIRWMFMPMX]8LIGETEGMX]XSFIWXVIXGLIHSVI\XIRHIH1ER]WOIPIXEPQYWGPIWEVIEVVERKIHMRTEMVWWSXLEX[LIRSRIGSRXVEGXWXLISXLIVMWWXVIXGLIHPSRKIVMRVIPEXMSRXSMXWVIPE\IHSVVIWXMRKWXEXI7SQIQYWGPIWGERFII\XIRHIHXSQSVIXLERX[MGIXLIMVRSVQEPVIWXMRKPIRKXL

    7QSSXLQYWGPIXMWWYI IEXYVIW7LETI1SWXWQSSXL ZMWGIVEP QYWGPIMWEVVERKIHMRPE]IVWWLIIXWXYFIWSVFEKW[LMGLEVIRSXGSRRIGXIHXSXLIWOIPIXEPW]WXIQ'SRXVEGXMPMX]7SQIWQSSXLQYWGPIXIRHWXSWLSVXIR[MXLEVL]XLQMGXVEZIPMRKTEXXIVRWIRHMRKE[EZISJGSRXVEGXMSREPSRKSVXLVSYKLMXWWXVYGXYVI3XLIVWQSSXL

    QYWGPIVIXEMRWMXWGSRXVEGXIHWXEXIXSRYW JSVPSRKIVTIVMSHWJVSQQMRYXIWXSLSYVW[MXLSYXXLIJEXMKYIEWWSGMEXIH[MXLWOIPIXEPQYWGPIXMWWYI) EQTPIW'LERKMRKFPSSHZIWWIP[MHXLW GLERKIWSJI]ITYTMPHMEQIXIVERHPIRWWLETIIVIGXMSRSJXMR]LEMVWMRXLIWOMRTVSTYPWMSRSJYVMRIJVSQOMHRI]WXSFPEHHIV YXIVMRIGSRXVEGXMSRWEXFMVXL

    7YTIV MGMEPQYWGPIW1ER]SJXLI FEGOQYWGPIWEVIMRJEGXGSRGIVRIH[MXLXLIWLSYPHIVERHLMT

    )\XIRHIHQYWGPIW

    'SRXVEGXIHQYWGPIW

  • 7)'8-32 &3(=7=78)17

    DIAGRAM

    %FHYGXSV%QYWGPIXLEXQSZIWEFSRISVPMQFE[E]JVSQXLIFSH]vWQMHPMRI%HHYGXSV %QYWGPIXLEXQSZIWEFSRISVPMQFXS[EVHXLIFSH]v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vWPEVKIWXQYWGPI-RWIVXMSR 8LITSMRXSJEXXEGLQIRXSJEQYWGPIXLEXMWVIPEXMZIP]QSZEFPI[LIRXLIQYWGPIGSRXVEGXW0IZEXSV %QYWGPIXLEXPMJXWSVVIWYPXWMRYT[EVHQSZIQIRX

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

    1YWGPI W]WXIQ OI] SVHW

  • 1YWG I IVW WY IV MGM

    7IIRJVSQXLIVIEVXLIXVYROMWHSQMREXIHF]QYWGPIWEWWSGMEXIH[MXLQSZMRKSVWXEFMPM^MRKXLIRIGOERHPMQFKMVHPIW8VYIWTMREPSVZIVXIFVEPQYWGPIWEVIMRHIITIVPE]IVW

    4SWXIVMSVZMI S XLIWYTIV MGMEPQYWGPIW

    (IPXSMH

    8VMGITWFVEGLMM

    +EWXVSGRIQMYW

    8VETI^MYW

    0EXMWWMQYWHSVWM

    7SPIYW

    )\XIRWSVWJSV[VMWXERHJMRKIVW

    +PYXIYWQE\MQYW

  • 7)'8-32 &3(=7=78)17

    DIAGRAM

    ;MXLEVQWWYTMRI TEPQWJEGMRKJSV[EVH JPI\SVWSJXLIIPFS[[VMWXERHJMRKIVWEVIZMWMFPI1ER]YTTIVEVQQYWGPIWFVEGLMM LEZIXLIMVIUYMZEPIRXWMRXLIXLMKL JIQSVMW

    %RXIVMSVZMI S XLIWYTIV MGMEPQYWGPIW

    6IGXYWEFHSQMRMW

    +EWXVSGRIQMYW

    8VETI^MYW

    (IPXSMH4IGXSVEPMWQENSV

    &MGITWFVEGLMM

    *PI\SVWJSV[VMWXERHJMRKIVW

    &VEGLMEPMW

    7EVXSVMYW

    7SPIYW

  • (II YWG IW RH SXSVYRMXW

    1SWXHIITQYWGPIWPMIHMVIGXP]EKEMRWXFSRIW8LIEHNEGIRXWYVJEGIWEVITVSXIGXIHEKEMRWXVYFFMRKF]ZEVMSYWWXVYGXYVIWWYGLEWFYVWEI JPYMHJMPPIHWEGW SVJMFVSYWXIRHSRW

    (IITQYWGPIWXIRWIXSTVIZIRXXLIQFIMRKWUYEWLIHEWWYTIVJMGMEPQYWGPIWSZIVP]MRKXLIQGSRXVEGXERHFYPKI[LMGLGSYPHGEYWITVIWWYVIHMWVYTXMSRXSXLIMVFPSSHSVRIVZIWYTTPMIW

    %RXIVMSVZMI S HIITQYWGPIW 4SWXIVMSVZMI S HIITQYWGPIW

    8IQTSVEPMW

    3FPMUYYWMRXIVRYW

    %HHYGXSVQEKRYW

    %HHYGXSVPSRKYW

    7IQMWTMREPMWGETMXMW

    0IZEXSVWGETYPEI

    4MVMJSVQMW

    4PERXEVMW

  • 7)'8-32 &3(=7=78)17

    DIAGRAM

    1SXSVYRMXW1YWGPIJMFIVWLEZIXSGSRXVEGXUYMGOP][LIRWXMQYPEXIHMRSVHIVXSFVMRKEFSYXEKMZIREGXMSR8SHSXLMWXLI]EVIJIHF]RIVZIWJVSQXLIGIRXVEPRIVZSYWW]WXIQ{XLIFVEMRERHWTMREPGSVH%WMRKPIRIYVSRRIVZIGIPP[MXLMXWJMFIVERHEPPXLIQYWGPIJMFIVWXLEXMXWXMQYPEXIWEVIORS[REWXLIQSXSVYRMX(MJJIVIRXQYWGPIWLEZIHMJJIVIRXRYQFIVWSJQSXSVYRMXW1YWGPIWXLEXVIUYMVIZIV]TVIGMWIEGXMSRPMOIXLSWIQSZMRKXLII]IFEPPLEZIWQEPPQSXSVYRMXW[MXLEWJI[EWJSYVQYWGPIJMFIVWIEGL1YWGPIW[MXLPIWWTVIGMWIQSZIQIRXWWYGLEWXLIFMKQYWGPIWSJXLILMTERHXLMKLLEZIPEVKIQSXSVYRMXWIEGL[MXLQER]LYRHVIHWSJQYWGPIJMFIVW

    ,S EQSXSVYRMX SVOW %RIVZIMQTYPWIMWWIRXEPSRKXLIQSXSVRIYVSRvWJMFIVSVE\SR;LIRXLIMQTYPWIEVVMZIWEXXLIQSXSVIRHTPEXIEGLIQMGEPGEPPIHEGIX]PGLSPMRIMWVIPIEWIHJVSQXLIE\SRXIVQMREPW 8LIGLIQMGEPGVSWWIWXLIQMGVSKETWFIX[IIRXLIE\SRXIVQMREPWERHXLIMVQYWGPIJMFIVWERHWXMQYPEXIWXLIJMFIVWMRXLIJSVQSJERIPIGXVMGGLEVKI8LIGLEVKITEWWIWEPSRKXLIQYWGPIJMFIVW[LMGLGSRXVEGX8LIQYWGPIJMFIVWSJXLIQSXSVYRMXXLIRVIPE\YRPIWWXLIVIMWERSXLIVRIVZIMQTYPWI

    8LIEPP SV RSRITVMRGMTPI%WMRKPIQYWGPIJMFIVHSIWRSXEGX[MXLKVEHIHVIWTSRWIWEWXLIWXVIRKXLSVJVIUYIRG]SJXLIMRGSQMRKRIVZIWMKREPWMRGVIEWIW-XIMXLIVVIWTSRHWQE\MQEPP]SVRSXEXEPP8LMWQIERWXLEXXLIJSVGISJGSRXVEGXMSRSJXLI[LSPIQYWGPIHITIRHWSRXLIRYQFIVSJJMFIVWI\GMXIH-RXYVRXLMWHITIRHWTEVXP]SRXLIRYQFIVSJJMFIVWTIVQSXSVYRMX

    7XVYGXYVI)EGLQSXSVYRMXMWWIVZIHF]SRIQSXSVRIVZIJMFIVSVE\SRJVSQEQSXSVRIVZI8LIE\SRXIVQMREPWSJXLIQSXSVRIYVSREXXEGLXSXLIQYWGPIJMFIVWEXTSMRXWGEPPIHQSXSVIRHTPEXIWSVRIYVSQYWGYPEVNYRGXMSRWWIIFIPS[

    1SXSVRIVZIJMFIVE\SR

    1SXSVIRHTPEXIW

    1YWGPIFSH]FIPP]

    1SXSVRIYVSRW

    1SXSVRIVZI

    &SRI

    1YWGPIJMFIVW

  • 1YWG IGSRXV GXMSRW RHR IW

    -WSXSRMGGSRXVEGXMSRW8IRWMSRMRXLIQYWGPIVIQEMRWGSRWXERX[LMPIXLIQYWGPIMWGSRXVEGXMRK*SVI\EQTPITMGOMRKYTELIEZ]FSSOVIWYPXWMRERMWSXSRMGGSRXVEGXMSRSJXLIFMGITWMRXLIEVQ-WSXSRMGGSRXVEGXMSRWGERFIGSRGIRXVMGSVIGGIRXVMG'SRGIRXVMGGSRXVEGXMSRW8LIQYWGPIWLSVXIRW[LMPIGSRXVEGXMRK*SVI\EQTPIXLIFMGITWMRXLIEVQWLSVXIRWEWXLIEVQMWVEMWIHERHXLIXIRWMSRMRXLIQYWGPIVIQEMRWGSRWXERX)GGIRXVMGGSRXVEGXMSRW8LIQYWGPIPIRKXLIRWIZIRXLSYKLI\IVXMRKXIRWMSRFIMRKTYPPIHF]ERSTTSWMRKQYWGPISVE[IMKLXWYGLEWEPMJXIHPSEH

    -WSQIXVMGGSRXVEGXMSRW8IRWMSRMRGVIEWIWFYXXLIQYWGPIVIQEMRWXLIWEQIPIRKXL{MXRIMXLIVPIRKXLIRWRSVWLSVXIRW*SVI\EQTPIERMWSQIXVMGGSRXVEGXMSRSGGYVW[LIRE[IMKLXMWXSSLIEZ]XSFIPMJXIHXIRWMSRMRXLIFMGITWMRGVIEWIWEWXLIQYWGPIXVMIWXSVEMWIXLI[IMKLXFYXXLIPIRKXLSJXLIFMGITWVIQEMRWGSRWXERX-WSQIXVMGGSRXVEGXMSRWSGGYVEPQSWXGSRWXERXP]MRQER]FSH]TEVXWXSQEMRXEMRTSWXYVIERHFEPERGI

    8IXERMGERHX MXGLGSRXVEGXMSRW8IXERMGGSRXVEGXMSRW*SVQYWGPIWXS[SVOIJJMGMIRXP]XLI]RIIHXSTVSHYGIGSSVHMREXIHJPYMHQSZIQIRXW%XIXERMGGSRXVEGXMSRMWTVSHYGIH[LIRWIZIVEPWXMQYPMFSQFEVHEQYWGPIMRVETMHWYGGIWWMSR6ITIEXIHGSRXVEGXMSRWSJWIXWSJQYWGPIJMFIVW

    EVIGSSVHMREXIHMRXSEWYWXEMRIHSZIVEPPGSRXVEGXMSRSVXIXERYW8LMWMWXLI[E]QYWGPIWRSVQEPP]GSRXVEGX8 MXGLGSRXVEGXMSRW%X[MXGLMWEUYMGOYRGSSVHMREXIHVIWTSRWIXSEWXMQYPYW8[MXGLGSRXVEGXMSRWMRQYWGPIGERFITVSHYGIHYRHIVPEFSVEXSV]GSRHMXMSRW

    -WSQIXVMGGSRXVEGXMSREWQYWGPITYPP XIRWMSRMRGVIEWIWFYXPIRKXLVIQEMRWGSRWXERX

    &MGITWFVEGLMMVIPE\IH

    &MGITWFVEGLMMVIPE\IH

    &MGITWFVEGLMMGSRXVEGXW

    &MGITWFVEGLMMGSRXVEGXIH

  • 7)'8-32 &3(=7=78)17

    DIAGRAM

    1YWGPIWGERFIREQIHEGGSVHMRKXSXLIMVPSGEXMSRWLETIWM^ISVMKMRWMRWIVXMSRWEGXMSRERHEGGSVHMRKXSXLIHMVIGXMSRMR[LMGLXLIMVQYWGPIJMFIVWVYR

    E0SGEXMSR7SQIQYWGPIWLEZIFIIRREQIHEGGSVHMRKXSXLIMVTSWMXMSRSRXLIFSH]*SVI\EQTPIXLIMRXIVGSWXEPWEVIQYWGPIWXLEXVYRFIX[IIRXLIVMFW GSWXEPW XLIXMFMEPMWERXIVMSVMWPSGEXIHSRXLIJVSRX ERXIVMSV SJXLIXMFMEFSRI

    F7LETI7SQIQYWGPIWEVIREQIH[MXLVIJIVIRGIXSXLIMVWLETIHIPXSMH XVMERKYPEV PEXMWWMQYW [MHI XIVIW VSYRH VLSQFSMH HMEQSRHWLETIH *SVI\EQTPIXLIXVETI^MYWMRXLIFEGOMWXVETI^SMHMRWLETI

    G7M I8LIXIVQWQE\MQYW PEVKIWX ERHQMRMQYW WQEPPIWX EVIYWIHXSHMJJIVIRXMEXIFIX[IIRWMQMPEVP]REQIHQYWGPIW*SVI\EQTPIXLIKPYXIYWQE\MQYWMWEWMQMPEVP]WLETIHQYWGPIXSXLIKPYXIYWQMRMQYW[LMGLMWPSGEXIHMRXLIWEQIEVIESJXLIFSH]8LIXIVQWPSRKYW PSRK FVIZMWWLSVX ERHZEWXYW LYKI EVIWMQMPEVP]YWIH

    H(MVIGXMSRS QYWGPI MFIVW1YWGPIWEVIWSQIXMQIWREQIHJSVXLI[E]MR[LMGLXLIMVJMFIVWVYRGSQTEVIH[MXLERMQEKMREV]PMRIVYRRMRKHS[RXLIQMHPMRISJXLIFSH]1YWGPIW[MXLXLI[SVHVIGXYW WXVEMKLX MRXLIREQILEZIJMFIVWVYRRMRKTEVEPPIPXSXLIQMHPMRI{XLIVIGXYWJIQSVMWMRXLIJVSRXSJXLIXLMKLJSVI\EQTPI8LSWI[MXLXLI[SVHXVERWZIVWYWLEZIQYWGPIW[MXLJMFIVWVYRRMRKEXVMKLXERKPIWXSXLIQMHPMRI{XLIXVERWZIVWYWEFHSQMRMWJSVI\EQTPI8LIXIVQSFPMUYIMRHMGEXIWXLEXXLIQYWGPIJMFIVWVYRSFPMUYIP] HMEKSREPP] XSXLIQMHPMRI3VFMGYPEVMWQYWGPIWLEZIJMFIVWXLEXVYRMREGMVGYPEVHMVIGXMSRWYGLEWXLII]IPMHQYWGPIWSVFMGYPEVMWSGYPYW

    2EQMRKWOIPIXEPQYWGPIWE

    F G

    -RXIVGSWXEPW

    8VETI^MYW

    +PYXIYWQE\MQYW

    +PYXIYWQMRMQYW

    8VERWZIVWYWEFHSQMRMW

    6IGXYWJIQSVMW

    H

  • 1YWG I XX G IRXW RH M IVW

    +VSYTEGXMSRW1SZIQIRXYWYEPP]MRZSPZIWXLIGSSVHMREXMSRSJWIZIVEPQYWGPIW%KSRMWXWSVTVMQIQSZIVWEVIQYWGPIWXLEXMRMXMEXIQSZIQIRX%RXEKSRMWXWEVISTTSWMRKQYWGPIW8LI]VIPE\[LIRXLIEKSRMWXWGSRXVEGXERHGSRXVEGXXSVIZIVWIXLIEKSRMWXWEGXMSR7]RIVKMWXWEVIQYWGPIWXLEXLIPTSVEWWMWXQSZIQIRX*M\EXSVWEVIWXEFMPM^MRKQYWGPIWXLEXTVIZIRXYR[ERXIHQSZIQIRX

    %XXEGLQIRXS QYWGPI1SWXQYWGPIWWTERSRISVQSVINSMRXWERHEVIEXXEGLIHXSXLIFSRIWXLEXJSVQXLINSMRXW;LIRXLI]GSRXVEGXXLI]TYPPXLIFSRIWSJENSMRXXS[EVHIEGLSXLIV9WYEPP]SRIFSRIVIQEMRWWXEXMSREV]VIPEXMZIXSXLIVIWXSJXLIFSH][LMPIXLISXLIVQSZIW

    8IRHSRWXVYGXYVI8IRHSRWGSRWMWXSJGSPPEKIRJMFIVWERHLEZIEQMRMQEPFPSSHWYTTP]7SXLI]XEOIEPSRKXMQIXSLIEP[LIRWXVEMRIHSVXSVR

    8IRHSRW8LIFIPP]MWXLI[MHIWXFYPKMRKGIRXVEPTEVXSJEX]TMGEPPSRKQYWGPI%XIRHSRMWEJMFVSYWGSVHWMXYEXIHEXXLIXETIVMRKIRHSJEQYWGPI-XEXXEGLIWXLIQYWGPIXSXLIFSRIERHMWERGLSVIHMRXSXLIFSRIvWTIVMSWXIYQSYXIVGSZIVMRK7SQIQYWGPIWLEZIWIZIVEPXETIVMRKIRHWIEGL[MXLEXIRHSR8LIPEVKIWXWMRKPIXIRHSRPMROWXLIKEWXVSGRIQMYWQYWGPIMRXLIGEPJXSXLILIIP-XMWORS[REWXLI%GLMPPIWXIRHSRSVw%GLMPPIWLIIPx

    &MGITWFVEGLMMEKSRMWX

    8VMGITWFVEGLMM ERXEKSRMWX

    8IRHSRWEXSVMKMRSRWGETYPE

    8IRHSRWEXMRWIVXMSR

    &IPP]SJFMGITWFVEGLMM

    1YWGPI

    *MFIVWSJXIRHSR

    &SRI

    4IVMSWXIYQ

    8IRHSRW

  • 7)'8-32 &3(=7=78)17

    DIAGRAM

    %GXMSRWS MFIVW;LIREQYWGPIJMFIVGSRXVEGXWMXWLSVXIRW8LIWXVIRKXLSJEQYWGPIMWHIXIVQMRIHF]XLIRYQFIVSJJMFIVW8LIVERKISJQSZIQIRXMWHIXIVQMRIHF]XLIPIRKXLSJQYWGPIJMFIVW8LIPSRKIVXLIJMFIVWXLIKVIEXIVXLIVERKISJQSZIQIRX1YWGPIWGERGSRXEMREPEVKIRYQFIVSJWLSVXJMFIVWSVEWQEPPRYQFIVSJPSRKJMFIVW

    %VVERKIQIRXS MFIVW1YWGPIWEVIQEHIYTSJKVSYTWSJJMFIVWGEPPIHJEWGMGPIWEVVERKIHMREZEVMIX]SJHMJJIVIRXTEXXIVRW8LMWVIWYPXWMRQYWGPIW[MXLHMJJIVIRXWLETIWERHJYRGXMSREPEFMPMXMIW8LIQSWXGSQQSREVVERKIQIRXWSJJEWGMGPIWEVITEVEPPIPTIRREXIGSRZIVKIRXERHGMVGYPEV

    4EVEPPIP*EWGMGPIWVYRTEVEPPIPXSXLIQYWGPI WQEMRPIRKXLSVE\MW8LI]EVIWXVETPMOISVJYWMJSVQ WTMRHPIWLETIH LEZIERI\TERHIHFIPP]ERHIRHMRJPEXXIRHSRW8LI]LEZIEPEVKIVERKISJQSZIQIRXFYXEVI[IEOIVXLERTIRREXIQYWGPIW8LIFMGITWERHWEVXSVMYWLEZITEVEPPIPEVVERKIQIRXW

    4IRREXI*EWGMGPIWEVIWLSVXMRVIPEXMSRXSXLIQYWGPIPIRKXLERHEXXEGLSFPMUYIP]XSEGIRXVEPXIRHSRXLEXVYRWXLIPIRKXLSJXLIQYWGPIVEXLIVPMOIEJIEXLIV4IRREXIQYWGPIWLEZIEPEVKIRYQFIVSJJEWGMGPIWKMZMRKXLIQTS[IVFYXEPMQMXIHVERKISJQSZIQIRX9RMTIRREXIQYWGPIW WYGLEWXLII\XIRWSVHMKMXSVYQPSRKYWMRWIVXMRXSSRP]SRIWMHISJXLIXIRHSR&MTIRREXIQYWGPIW WYGLEWXLIVIGXYWJIQSVMWNSMRFSXLWMHIWSJXLIXIRHSR

    'SRZIVKIRX'SRZIVKIRXQYWGPIWXIRHXSFIXVMERKYPEVMRWLETIWYGLEWXLITIGXSVEPMWQENSV8LI]GSRXEMREPEVKIRYQFIVSJJEWGMGPIW[MXLEREVVS[MRWIVXMSR

    'MVGYPEV*EWGMGPIWEVIEVVERKIHMREGMVGYPEVTEXXIVRXSJSVQERSVMJMGIWYGLEWXLISVFMGYPEVMWSGYPMMRXLII]IPMHWERHSVFMGYPEVMWSVMWEVSYRHXLIQSYXL

    3VFMGYPEVMWSGYPM GMVGYPEV

    3VFMGYPEVMWSVMW GMVGYPEV

    4IGXSVEPMWQENSVGSRZIVKIRX

    &MGITWFVEGLMMTEVEPPIP

    7EVXSVMYW TEVEPPIP

    6IGXYWJIQSVMWFMTIRREXI

    )\XIRWSVHMKMXSVYQPSRKYW YRMTIRREXI

  • 7 I IXSR RH YWG IG VI

    1YWGPIWEVISRISJXLIQENSVFSH]W]WXIQWXLEXKEMRSFZMSYWFIRIJMXJVSQI\IVGMWIERHSXLIVEWTIGXWSJLIEPXLGEVI2SXSRP]WOIPIXEPQYWGPIWFYXXLIGEVHMEGQYWGPISJXLILIEVXERHXLIFVIEXLMRKQYWGPIWSJXLIGLIWXERHHMETLVEKQFIRIJMXJVSQVIKYPEVEGXMZMX]WIZIVEPXMQIW[IIOP]4IVLETWPIWWSFZMSYWMWXLIIJJIGXSJELIEPXL]PMJIWX]PISRXLIWOIPIXSR{YRXMPWSQIXLMRKWRETW6IKYPEVI\IVGMWILIPTWXSOIITFSRIWWXVSRKERHVIWTSRWMZIXSXLIWXVIWWIWTPEGIHSRXLIQ%FEPERGIHHMIXMWEPWSZMXEPXSQEMRXEMRQYWGPIERHFSRIGSRHMXMSR

    &SH]ERHIRZMVSRQIRX/RS[PIHKISJ]SYVFSH]ERHMXWJYRGXMSRWMXWPMOIW

    ERHHMWPMOIWMXWLEFMXWERHGLEVEGXIVMWXMGWGERFIEKVIEXEPP]MRLIEPXLQEXXIVW-J]SYEVIJEQMPMEV[MXLXLIRSVQEPJYRGXMSRMRKSJ]SYVQYWGPIW]SY[MPPFIUYMGOP]E[EVISJER]XLMRKXLEXMWGLERKIHSVHMWXYVFIH'LERKIWQE]MRGPYHIQYWGPIXVIQSVWX[MRKIWSVXIRHIVWTSXWERHEGLIWSVWXMJJRIWWMRNSMRXW

    %GGMHIRXW%GGMHIRXEP

    MRNYVMIWXSQYWGPIWERHFSRIWVERKIJVSQEWPMKLXQYWGPIXIEVXSEFSRIWLEXXIVIHF]QYPXMTPIJVEGXYVIW1SWXEGGMHIRXWGSYPHLEZIFIIRTVIZIRXIH[MXLEPMXXPIGEVIJSVIXLSYKLXSVSVKERM^EXMSR7SQISJXLIQENSVWEJIX]LE^EVHWEJJIGXMRKXLIQYWGPIERHWOIPIXEPW]WXIQWEVIJEPPWQMWYWIHSVHERKIVSYWXSSPWERHMQTEGXWEXWTIIHMRWTSVXWSVSRXLIVSEH

    7SYVGIWS LIPT2YQIVSYWZEVMIHSVKERM^EXMSRWGERFIMRGSVTSVEXIH

    MRXS]SYVTIVWSREPLIEPXLTPER(SRSXFIEWLEQIHXSXEOIJYPPEHZERXEKISJXLIWIVZMGIWEZEMPEFPIJVSQSYXWMHIVIWSYVGIW8LIWIMRGPYHII\TIVXEHZMGISREGXMZMXMIW[LMGLQE]TYXQYWGPIWERHFSRIWEXVMWOWYGLEWPMJXMRKWXVIXGLMRKERHKIRIVEPI\IVGMWITVSKVEQWMRGPYHMRKGSVVIGXXIGLRMUYIWERHTVIGEYXMSRWMRWTSVXWERHKEQIW

    %GGMHIRXW%VSYRHXLILSQIQYWGPIWERHFSRIWEVIEXVMWO

    JVSQZEVMSYWIZIV]HE]EGXMZMXMIW7PMTTMRKMRXLIWLS[IVSVFEXLXYFGERVIWYPXMR[VIRGLIHNSMRXWXSVRQYWGPIWSVIZIRFSRIJVEGXYVIW0MJXMRKLIEZ]SVE[O[EVHPSEHWMWTEVXMGYPEVP]LE^EVHSYWXSXLIQYPXMTPINSMRXWFIX[IIRXLIZIVXIFVEIMRXLIWTMREPGSPYQRVIWYPXMRKMRFEGOMRNYVMIWXLEXQE]RIIHQER][IIOWSJVIGYTIVEXMSR

    2YXVMXMSR)EXMRKE[IPPFEPERGIHHMIXFIRIJMXW]SYV

    [LSPIFSH]MRQER][E]WMRGPYHMRKQYWGPIWERHFSRIW*SVI\EQTPIXLIGEPGMYQXLEXMWWSMQTSVXERXMRXLIHMIXWSJFEFMIWERH]SYRKGLMPHVIRIREFPIWXLIMVFSRIWERHXIIXLXSJSVQTVSTIVP]'SRXMRYMRKMRXEOISJGEPGMYQLIPTWXSQEMRXEMRELIEPXL]WOIPIXSR[LMPIWIZIVEPSXLIVQMRIVEPWEVIRIIHIHJSVQYWGPIJYRGXMSR

  • 7)'8-32 &3(=7=78)17

    DIAGRAM

    )RIVK]ERHGEPSVMIW)RIVK]MWWYTTPMIHXSXLIFSH]F]XLI

    GEPSVMIWMRXLIJSSH[IIEX1SWXSJXLIWIGEPSVMIWEVIYWIHF]QYWGPIWMRE[MHIVERKISJEGXMZMXMIWMRGPYHMRKEPPFSHMP]QSZIQIRXWEPWSXLIFIEXMRKLIEVXERHXLIQYWGPITS[IVIHEGXMSRWSJFVIEXLMRK-RGVIEWIHQYWGPIEGXMZMX] FYVRWGEPSVMIWERHWSLIPTWXSEZSMHYR[ERXIHEGGYQYPEXMSRSJFSH]JEXERH[IMKLXTVSFPIQW

    &SH]MQEKI7SQITISTPIFIGSQISFWIWWIH[MXLETEVXMGYPEV

    FSH]MQEKI)\EQTPIWMRGPYHII\XVIQIXLMRRIWWWSXLEXXLIFSRIWERHNSMRXWEVIZMWMFPINYWXFIPS[XLIWOMRERHI\XVIQIQYWGYPEVHIZIPSTQIRX[MXLFYPKMRKQYWGPIWMRIZIV]TEVX8LILIEPXL]FSH]YWYEPP]PMIWWSQI[LIVIFIX[IIRXLIWII\XVIQIW%HHMXMSREPTVSFPIQWMRGPYHIWYFWXERGIEFYWIXSFYMPHYRREXYVEPQYWGPIFYPO

    ) IVGMWI)\IVGMWIMWEJYRHEQIRXEPFSHMP]RIIH-X

    WLSYPHFVMRKMRXSEGXMSRQER]QYWGPIKVSYTWJSVI\EQTPITYQTMRKXLIFPSSHJEWXIVEVSYRHXLIFSH]ERHMRGVIEWMRKXLIHITXLERHVEXISJFVIEXLMRK-XLIPTWXSOIITXLIWOIPIXEPQYWGPIWXSRIHWSXLEXXLIFSH]JIIPWERHEPWSPSSOWMRKSSHWLETI8LIVIEVIQER][E]WSJSVKERM^MRK]SYVS[RI\IVGMWITVSKVEQXSWYMX]SYVRIIHW

    6IPE EXMSR6IPE\EXMSRGERFITL]WMGEPSV

    QIRXEPERHXLIFIWXOMRHSJVIPE\MRKEGXMZMX]NSMRWXLIX[SIPIQIRXW6IPE\EXMSRTVSZMHIWETIEGIJYPSEWMWMREFYW]ERHLIGXMGPMJIERHTVSZMHIWEXMQI[LIRFSH]ERHQMRHGERVIRI[XLIQWIPZIW-XEPPS[WQYWGPIWXSVIGSZIVJVSQJEXMKYIERHMXVIWXWNSMRXWEKEMRWXSZIVYWIERHMRNYV]&SH]ERHQMRHJYRGXMSRQSVIIJJMGMIRXP]EJXIVQIRXEPERHTL]WMGEPVIJVIWLQIRX

    3FIWMX]6IHYGMRKSVHMIXMRKMWXLIVIQSZEPSJI\GIWWFSH][IMKLXMRXLIJSVQSJJEX

    )\GIWWWXSVIWSJJEXMRERSZIV[IMKLXSVSFIWIFSH]TVSZMHIRSFIRIJMX-RJEGXXLI]MRGVIEWIMXWVMWOSJHIZIPSTMRKRYQIVSYWHMWIEWIWERHQIHMGEPGSRHMXMSRWMRGPYHMRKQYWGPIWXVEMRWERHXIEVWNSMRXEGLIWERHWTVEMRWERHI\GIWWMZIPSEHSRFSRIWPIEHMRKXSGVEGOWSVFVIEOW

    7PIIT7EXMWJEGXSV]WPIITMW

    RIGIWWEV]JSVQER]VIEWSRWMRGPYHMRKVITEMVSJQMRSV[IEVERHXIEV(YVMRKWPIITVIWXSVEXMSRSJXVMZMEPMRNYVMIWSGGYVWMRQYWGPIWXIRHSRWGEVXMPEKIWPMKEQIRXWERHSXLIVQYWGYPSWOIPIXEPWXVYGXYVIW3ZIVYWISVI\GIWWMZIWXVEMRSJXLIWITEVXWGERPIEHXSMRGVIEWMRKPIZIPWSJ[IEV[LMGLEVIQSVIHMJJMGYPXJSVXLIFSH]XSQIRH

  • *MXRIWW RHI IVGMWI

    )\IVGMWIMWEZMXEPMRKVIHMIRXJSVOIITMRKXLILYQERFSH]MRKSSHLIEPXL8LIWOIPIXEPQYWGPIWPYRKWERHLIEVXEVIFYMPXXS[SVO%RMREGXMZIPMJIWX]PIQEOIWXLIQMRIJJIGXMZIERHSYXSJGSRHMXMSRFYXI\IVGMWIGERLIPTXSVIQIH]XLIWIMPPIJJIGXWERHTVSQSXIEWIRWISJ[IPPFIMRK%WTL]WMGEPJMXRIWWMRGVIEWIW]SY[MPPJMRHXLEX]SYV[SVOERHPIMWYVIEGXMZMXMIWFIGSQIPIWWXMVMRKERHEPWS]SYVGETEGMX]JSVEGXMZMX]SJEPPOMRHWMRGVIEWIW)\IVGMWIMQTVSZIWQYWGPIXSRIWOMRXSRIERHKIRIVEPETTIEVERGIERHLIPTWXSHIPE]XLITL]WMGEPIJJIGXWSJEKMRK-XEPWSLIPTWXSQEOIMRXIVREPSVKERW[SVOQSVIIJJMGMIRXP]VIHYGMRKXLIVMWOWSJTSSVLIEPXLERHHMWIEWI

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

    &SH]TL]WMUYIWEVIHIXIVQMRIHQEMRP]F]WOIPIXEPTVSTSVXMSRWQYWGPIHIZIPSTQIRXERHEQSYRXWSJFSH]JEX8LI]GERFIGPEWWMJMIHMRXSXLVIIQEMRX]TIW)GXSQSVTLWEVIPIERERHVERK][MXLRSI\GIWWFSH]JEXSV[IMKLX1IWSQSVTLWLEZIEKSSHFEPERGISJQYWGPIERH[IMKLX)RHSQSVTLWXIRHXSFIFYPO]ERHVSYRHIHMRWLETI8LIX]TISJI\IVGMWIXLEXQE]WYMX]SYFIWXHITIRHWXSWSQII\XIRXSR]SYVFSH]X]TI)GXSQSVTLW[MXLZIV]PMXXPII\GIWW[IMKLXSVFYPOXSGEVV]SJXIRHSZIV][IPPEXI\IVGMWIWERHWTSVXWXLEX

    &SH]X]TIERHI IVGMWI

    VIUYMVIIRHYVERGIERHWXEQMRE XLI]EPWSJMRHXLEXXLI]GERWTVMRXERHG]GPIVETMHP])RHSQSVTLWXIRHXSJMRHXLEXXLIMVREXYVEPVERKISJEGXMZMXMIWMWQSVIPMQMXIH'STMSYWQYWGPIFYPOQE]IUYMTETIVWSRJSV[IMKLXPMJXMRKERHTS[IVWTSVXWWYGLEWJSSXFEPP

    1IWSQSVTLWEVIKIRIVEPP]WYMXIHXSQSWXOMRHWSJI\IVGMWIERHWTSVX;LEXIZIV]SYVTL]WMUYIXV]XSMRGPYHIWIZIVEPX]TIWSJI\IVGMWI{QSFMPMX]WXVIRKXLIRHYVERGIWYTTPIRIWWIXG{MR]SYVLIEPXLTVSKVEQ

    )GXSQSVTL

    1IWSQSVTL

    )RHSQSVTL

  • 7)'8-32 &3(=7=78)17

    DIAGRAM

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

    %WQYWGPIWFIGSQIWXVSRKIVERHQSZIQIRXWQSVIWOMPPIHERHEGGYVEXIXLIHERKIVWSJMRNYVMIWWYGLEWJEPPWERHNSMRXHMWPSGEXMSRWVIGIHI 8LIGSSVHMREXMSRERHVIWTSRWIWSJXLIRIVZSYWW]WXIQMQTVSZIEWXLIFSH]FIGSQIWQSVIEGGYWXSQIHXSSFI]MRKQIRXEPWMKREPWTVSQTXP]8LIWOMRXSRIMQTVSZIWEWMXWMRGVIEWIHGMVGYPEXMSRHMWTIVWIW[EWXITVSHYGXWERHMQTYVMXMIWQSVIUYMGOP]8LIQIXEFSPMWQEPXIVWERHJEXWERHWYKEVWMRXLIFPSSHEVIVIHYGIH

  • 7 I IX HMWSVHIVW

    *VEGXYVIWERHXLIMVVITEMV,IQEXSQE SVQEXMSR&PSSHZIWWIPWMRXLIFSRIERHWYVVSYRHMRKXMWWYIWEVIXSVR%LIQEXSQE FPSSHGPSX JSVQWEXXLIJVEGXYVIWMXIERHTPYKWXLIKETFIX[IIRXLIFVSOIRIRHWSJFSRIYWYEPP][MXLMREJI[LSYVWSJMRNYV]&PSSHGMVGYPEXMSRXSXLIEVIEWXSTWERHFSRIGIPPWEHNEGIRXXSXLIJVEGXYVIFIKMRXSHMIJVSQPEGOSJRYXVMXMSR8MWWYIWEXXLIWMXIFIGSQIW[SPPIR

    *MFVSGEVXMPEKMRSYWGEPPYW SVQEXMSR3ZIVXLIRI\XXLVIIXSJSYV[IIOWGETMPPEVMIWKVS[MRXSXLILIQEXSQE&EGXIVMEHIWXVS]MRKGIPPWMRZEHIXLIEVIEERHFIKMRXLIMVGPIERMRKNSF*MFVSFPEWXW GIPPWXLEXTVSHYGIWTIGMEPJMFIVW GSZIVXLIFVIEOGSRRIGXMRKXLIFVSOIRFSRIIRHW

    3WXISFPEWXW FSRIJSVQMRKGIPPW FIKMRXSJSVQWTSRK]FSRIXMWWYI8SKIXLIVXLIJMFVSFPEWXWERHSWXISFPEWXWWTPMRXXLIFVSOIRFSRI8LII\XIVREPGEPPYWVITEMVXMWWYI MWJSVQIHF]RI[XMWWYITVSXVYHMRKJVSQXLISYXIVFSRIWYVJEGI XLIMRXIVREPGEPPYWMWXLIVITEMVXMWWYIGSRRIGXMRKXLIFSRIIRHW

    &SR]GEPPYW SVQEXMSR1SVIFSRIJSVQMRKGIPPWIRXIVXLIWMXIERHXLVIIXSJSYV[IIOWEJXIVMRNYV]XLIJSVQEXMSRSJEFSR]GEPPYW [SZIRFSRI FIKMRW

    6IQSHIPMRK)\GIWWQEXIVMEPSYXWMHIXLIFSRIWLEJXERHMRXLIQEVVS[GEZMX]MWVIQSZIH'SQTEGXFSRIMWPEMHHS[RXSVIGSRWXVYGXERHVIWLETIXLIWLEJX

    &SR]GEPPYW ,IEPIHJVEGXYVI

    ;SZIRFSRI

    ,IQEXSQE 'ETMPPEVMIW

  • 7)'8-32 &3(=7=78)17

    DIAGRAM

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

    7SQIHMWSVHIVW S XLI WOIPIXEP W]WXIQ

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

    7XEKIWS VLIYQEXSMHEVXLVMXMW8LMWGLVSRMGMRJPEQQEXSV]HMWSVHIVGEYWIWWIZIVIP]W[SPPIRERHTEMRJYPNSMRXW-XXIRHWXSJPEVIYTXLIRJEHIJSVEXMQI-XMWEREYXSMQQYRIHMWIEWI XLIFSH] WMQQYRIW]WXIQEXXEGOWMXWS[RXMWWYIW

    -RJPEQQEXMSR )VSWMSRSJGEVXMPEKI *YWIHNSMRX

  • 1YWGY VHMWSVHIVW

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

    -RKIRIVEPQYWGPIXMWWYIMWPIWWTVSRIXLERQER]SXLIVXMWWYIWSJXLIFSH]XSWIVMSYWHMWIEWITVSGIWWIWWYGLEWMRJIGXMSRWQEPMKRERGMIWERHHIKIRIVEXMSRW,S[IZIVQSVIXLERQSWXSXLIVXMWWYIWQYWGPIMWTVSRIXSMRNYV]{EWEVIWYPXSJMXWTVMQEV]VSPIMRGEVV]MRKSYXTL]WMGEPQSZIQIRXWSJXLIFSH]1ER]QYWGPITVSFPIQWWXIQJVSQYRHIVYWIHJEXMKYIHXSVRSVWXVEMRIHQYWGPIJMFIVWERHXIRHSRW;LIRQYWGPIWEVIJEXMKYIHERH

    [IEOXLIFSH]MWEXKVIEXIVVMWOSJPSWMRKFEPERGIKVMTSVWXEFMPMX]ERHWSEGGMHIRXEPMRNYVMIWWYGLEWX[MWXIHNSMRXWVMTTIHPMKEQIRXWSVWTVEMRIHXIRHSRWEVIQSVIPMOIP]8SVRQYWGPIJMFIVWEVIEGSQQSRQMRSVTVSFPIQFYXEQENSVXIEVXLVSYKLERIRXMVIQYWGPISVMXWXIRHSRMWVEVI8LIQSVIQYWGPIWEVII\IVGMWIHERHXLIKVIEXIVXLIMVFPSSHWYTTP]XLIRXLIQSVIVETMH[MPPFIXLIMVLIEPMRKTVSGIWWIW

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

    WTLMRGXIVQYWGPIW[LMGLQEOIYTXLIT]PSVYWWXSQEGLSYXPIX KEPPFPEHHIVFPEHHIVSYXPIXSVERYW

    F G

    H

    P

    J

    E

    I

    K

    L

    M

  • 7)'8-32 &3(=7=78)17

    DIAGRAM

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

    7SQIHMWSVHIVW S XLI QYWGYPEV W]WXIQ

    QSZIQIRXSVVIWX-XGERSGGYVEWEVIWYPXSJEFVEMRHMWSVHIVSVITMPITXMGJMXERHQE]FIPMROIH[MXLHMWIEWIWSJXLIRIVZIWERHQYWGPIW1]SQE %FIRMKRQYWGPIXYQSV1]STEXL] %QYWGPIHMWIEWI{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

  • -RXVSHYGXMSR

    8LIE\MEPWOIPIXSRMWXLIGIRXVEPGSPYQRSVE\MWXLEXWYTTSVXWXLIXSVWSRIGOERHLIEHMRERYTVMKLXTSWMXMSRERHXS[LMGLXLIPMQFKMVHPIWEXXEGL8LIXSXEPSJFSRIWMRXLIE\MEPWOIPIXSRMRGPYHIWWM\IEVSWWMGPIW{XLIXLVIIXMR]FSRIWMRIEGLQMHHPIIEVGSRGIVRIH[MXLWSYRHZMFVEXMSRWERHLIEVMRKVEXLIVXLERWYTTSVX8LIXSXEPEPWSMRGPYHIWXLIWPMQGYVZIHL]SMHFSRIEXXLIVSSXSJXLIXSRKYIERHNYWXEFSZIXLIPEV]R\-XTVSZMHIWWYTTSVXTVSXIGXMSRERHEXXEGLQIRXJSVQYWGPIW

    7OYPPFSRIWGVERMYQ8LIWOYPPLEWX[SQEMRGSQTSRIRXWXLIGVERMYQERHJEGI8LIGVERMYQGSRWMWXWSJIMKLXPEVKIGYVZIHTPEXIWSJFSRI8[SSJXLIWIEVITEMVIHFIMRKXLIXIQTSVEPWMRXLIXIQTPIVIKMSRNYWXEFSZIXLIIEVERHTEVMIXEPWEFSZIXLIXIQTSVEPMW8LIYRTEMVIHFSRIWEVIXLIJVSRXEPSJXLIJSVILIEHXLIIXLQSMHERHWTLIRSMHFIPS[ERHFILMRHXLII]IWERHXLISGGMTMXEPJSVQMRKXLIPS[IVVIEVFYPKISJXLILIEH7OYPPFSRIWJEGI8LIPEVKIWXSJXLIJEGMEPFSRIWMWXLIQERHMFPIPS[IVNE[WSQIXMQIWGSRWMHIVIHEWEWITEVEXIIPIQIRXJVSQXLIWOYPPMXWIPJ%FSZIXLMWEVIXLITEMVIHQE\MPPEIJSVQMRKXLIYTTIVNE[1SWXTVSQMRIRXXSXLIWMHIWEVIXLI^]KSQEXMGWGLIIOFSRIW8LIX[SWQEPPREWEPFSRIWJSVQXLIFVMHKISJXLIRSWI

    8LI]SYRKWOYPPe -RERI[FSVRFEF]WSQISJXLIWOYPPFSRIWEVIRSX]IXJYWIHXSKIXLIVe +ETWFIX[IIRXLIFSRIWEVIGEPPIHJSRXERIPPIWe 8LI]EPPS[XLIFEF]vWLIEHXSwQSPHxHYVMRKFMVXL

    8LITVSQMRIRGISJXLIRSWIGSRWMWXWSJGEVXMPEKIVEXLIVXLERFSRI'EZMXMIWERHGLEQFIVW8LIJEGMEPFSRIWIRGPSWIERHHIJMRIXLIQEMRGLEQFIVWSJXLIREWEPERHSVEPGEZMXMIWXLIMRXIVMSVWSJXLIRSWIERHQSYXL8LIQENSVGIVIFVEPGEZMX]SJXLIGVERMYQLSYWIWXLIFVEMR%LSPIFIPS[XLIFVEMRMRXLIFEWISJXLISGGMTMXEPFSRITIVQMXWXLIWTMREPGSVHXSI\XIRHHS[R[EVHJVSQXLIFVEMR'EZMXMIW[MXLMRIEGLXIQTSVEPFSRIJSVQXLISYXIVIEVGEREPQMHHPIIEVWTEGIERHJPYMHJMPPIHMRRIVIEVGLEQFIVW8LIVIEVIEPWSJSYVTEMVWSJTEVEREWEPWMRYWIW{EMVJMPPIHVIKMSRWSJWTSRK]SVLSRI]GSQFFSRIXLEXGSQQYRMGEXIZMESTIRMRKW[MXLXLIQEMRREWEPEMV[E]8LIWIEVIWIX[MXLMRXLIIXLQSMHQE\MPPEV]WTLIRSMHERHJVSRXEPFSRIW

    7OYPPWXVYGXYVIERHJYRGXMSRW%\MEPWOIPIXSR8LIE\MEPWOIPIXSRLEWFSRIWERHGSRWMWXWSJXLIWOYPPZIVXIFVEIVMFWERHWXIVRYQ

  • 7)'8-32,)%( 74-2)

    8LIQEMRGSQTSRIRXWSJXLIWOYPP

    DIAGRAM

    7OYPPFSRIJYRGXMSRW8LIGVERMYQJSVQWETVSXIGXMZIwFVEMRGEWIx[LMGLMWI\XVIQIP]WXVSRKHYIXSMXWHSQIHWLETI)EGLWMHISJXLIGVERMYQMRXLIXIQTSVEPVIKMSRTVSZMHIWEPEVKIEVIEXSERGLSVXLITS[IVJYPNE[GPSWMRKGLI[MRKQYWGPIXLIXIQTSVEPMW[LMGLPMROWXSXLI

    QERHMFPIFIPS[1SVIXLERJEGMEPQYWGPIWEXXEGLXSXLIJEGMEPFSRIWERHTIVQMXMRRYQIVEFPIJEGMEPQSZIQIRXWERHI\TVIWWMSRW8LIWMHIWERHFEWISJXLIWOYPPERGLSVRIGOQYWGPIW[LMGLPMROXSXLIWLSYPHIVFSRIWSJXLIWGETYPEERHGPEZMGPIERHXLIYTTIVVMFW

    *VSRXEPFSRI

    4EVMIXEPFSRI

    3VFMXI]IWSGOIX

    2EWEPFSRI

    1ERHMFPI

    1E\MPPE

    >]KSQEXMGTVSGIWW

    )\XIVREPIEVGEREP

    3GGMTMXEPFSRI

    8IQTSVEPFSRI

  • :IVXIFVEI

    0EXIVEPWMHIZMI[ 4SWXIVMSVVIEVZMI[

    8LIZIVXIFVEPGSPYQREPWSGEPPIHXLIWTMRIWTMREPGSPYQRSVGSPPSUYMEPP]XLIFEGOFSRIGSRWMWXWSJFSRIIPIQIRXW{ZIVXIFVEI8LIWIEVIPSGEXIHSRISRXSTSJERSXLIVERHEVIPMROIHF]MRXIVZIVXIFVEPNSMRXW-RIEGLSJXLIWINSMRXWMWE[EWLIVPMOITEHSVGEVXMPEKI{

    XLIMRXIVZIVXIFVEPHMWO{[LMGLKMZIWXLI[LSPIGSPYQRJPI\MFMPMX]ERHWLSGOEFWSVFMRKUYEPMXMIW'EZMXMIW[MXLMRXLIQEMRTEVXWSVFSHMIWSJXLIZIVXIFVEIEPMKRXSJSVQEPSRKXYRRIP[MXLMRXLIGSPYQR[LMGLLSYWIWERHTVSXIGXWXLIWTMREPGSVH

    6IKMSRWERHGYVZEXYVIW8LIYTTIVQSWXVIKMSRSJXLIZIVXIFVEPGSPYQRMWXLIXSTQSWXWIZIRGIVZMGEPRIGOZIVXIFVEI&IPS[XLMWMWXLIXLSVEGMGGLIWXVIKMSRSJXLSVEGMGZIVXIFVEIIEGLWYTTSVXMRKETEMVSJVMFW8LIPYQFEVPS[IVFEGOVIKMSRGSRXEMRWXLIJMZIPEVKIWXMRHMZMHYEPFSRIWXLIPYQFEVZIVXIFVEI8LIWEGVYQEXXLIFEWIGSRWMWXWSJJMZIJYWIHWEGVEPZIVXIFVEI-RPEXIVEPZMI[IEGLVIKMSRWLS[WEGYVZEXYVI[MXLXLIGIVZMGEPERHPYQFEVEVGLMRKJSV[EVHERHXLIXLSVEGMGERHWEGVEPVIEV[EVH

    2SHHMRK]IWWLEOMRKRSe 8LIYTTIVQSWXZIVXIFVEEXPEWGSRXVMFYXIWXSRSHHMRKLIEHQSXMSRWe 8LIWIGSRHZIVXIFVEE\MWGSRXVMFYXIWXSLIEHWLEOMRKQSZIQIRXW

    0YQFEVZIVXIFVEI0z

    7EGVYQJYWIH7z

    'SGG]\

    'IVZMGEPZIVXIFVEI'z

    8LSVEGMGZIVXIFVEI8z

    %XPEW

    %\MW

  • 7)'8-32,)%( 74-2)

    DIAGRAM

    'IVZMGEPZIVXIFVEIWYTIVMSVXSTZMI[ 'IVZMGEPZIVXIFVEIPEXIVEPZMI[

    8LSVEGMGZIVXIFVEIWYTIVMSVZMI[ 8LSVEGMGZIVXIFVEIPEXIVEPZMI[

    0YQFEVZIVXIFVEIWYTIVMSVZMI[ 0YQFEVZIVXIFVEIPEXIVEPZMI[

    7XVYGXYVISJXLIZIVXIFVEI)EGLZIVXIFVELEWERETTVS\MQEXIP]G]PMRHVMGEPQEMRFSH]SVGIRXVYQ8LIFSH]MWXSXLIJVSRXERHVIEV[EVHMWXLIZIVXIFVEPSVRIYVEPEVGL8LMWIRGPSWIWXLIZIVXIFVEPJSVEQIRXLILSPIJSVXLIWTMREPGSVH4VSNIGXMRKXSIEGLWMHIJVSQ

    XLIEVGLEVIXVERWZIVWITVSGIWWIWERHXSXLIVIEVXLIWTMRSYWSVHSVWEPTVSGIWW8LIWIEVIERGLSVWMXIWJSVFEGOQYWGPIW8LIWQEPPIVEVXMGYPEVTVSGIWWIWLEZIJEGIXWXLEXNSMR[MXLXLSWISJRIMKLFSVMRKZIVXIFVEI

    8VERWZIVWITVSGIWW

    7TMRSYWHSVWEPTVSGIWW

    7TMRSYWHSVWEPTVSGIWW

    7TMRSYWHSVWEPTVSGIWW%VXMGYPEVJEGIX

    :IVXIFVEPEVGL

    :IVXIFVEPJSVEQIR

    :IVXIFVEPFSH] :IVXIFVEPFSH]

    :IVXIFVEPFSH]

    :IVXIFVEPFSH]

    :IVXIFVEPFSH]

    :IVXIFVEPJSVEQIR

    :IVXIFVEPJSVEQIR

    :IVXIFVEPFSH]

    7TMRSYWHSVWEPTVSGIWW

    7TMRSYWHSVWEPTVSGIWW

  • 4IPZMGKMVHPI

    8LIVIEVIWMKRMJMGERXHMJJIVIRGIWFIX[IIREQEPIERHJIQEPITIPZMWVIPEXIHXSGLMPHFIEVMRK8LIJIQEPITIPZMWMW[MHIVXLERXLIQEPIvWERHMWWIXEXEQSVIWLEPPS[ERKPIEPPS[MRKEFEF]XSTEWWXLVSYKLEXGLMPHFMVXL

    1EPIERHJIQEPITIPZMW+IRIVEPWXVYGXYVI1EPITIPZMWMWLIEZMIVERHXLMGOIV.SMRXWYVJEGIWEVIPEVKIVMRXLIQEPI*IQEPITYFMWMWQSVIVSYRHIH%GIXEFYPYQMWWQEPPIVMRXLIJIQEPI4IPZMGMRPIXMWPEVKIVMRXLIJIQEPI

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{MPMYQMWGLMYQERHTYFMW{JSVQWXLILMTNSMRX[MXLXLILIEHSJXLIJIQYV

    1EPITIPZMWERXIVMSVZMI[

    1EPITIPZMWWYTIVMSVZMI[

    *IQEPITIPZMWWYTIVMSVZMI[

    7EGVYQ

    %GIXEFYPYQ

    -WGLMYQ

    4YFMW

    -PMYQ

    7EGVSMPMEGNSMRX

    4IPZMGMRPIX

  • 7)'8-32,)%( 74-2)

    DIAGRAM

    8LILYQERwXEMPxe 8LIwXEMPFSRIxSVGSGG]\GSRWMWXWSJXLVIIXSJMZIJYWIHGSGG]KIEPZIVXIFVEIe 8LIGSGG]\MWVIPEXMZIP]PSRKMRXLIIQFV]SFYXWLVMROWF]XLIIMKLXL[IIO

    8LIWEGVYQFIKMRWMRIQFV]SRMGHIZIPSTQIRXEWJMZIZIVXIFVEITEVXSJXLIIRXMVIZIVXIFVEPGSPYQR[MXLX]TMGEPMRXIVZIVXIFVEPHMWOWERHNSMRXWFIX[IIR(YVMRKHIZIPSTQIRXXLIWINSMRXWSWWMJ]ERHJYWIXSQEOIXLIWEGVYQEWMRKPIWSPMHWXVYGXYVI8VERWZIVWIPMRIWMRHMGEXIXLIWMXIWSJXLIJSVQIVNSMRXWSTTSWMXI8LIYTTIVGIRXIVSJXLIWEGVYQEVXMGYPEXIW[MXLXLIPS[IWXERHPEVKIWXSJXLIMRHMZMHYEPZIVXIFVEI0EXXLIPYQFSWEGVEPNSMRX2IVZIWJVSQXLIWTMREPGSVHI\MXXLVSYKLKETWMRXLIWEGVYQ'SGG]\8LIGSGG]\SVZIWXMKMEPwXEMPxWIIFIPS[EVXMGYPEXIW[MXLXLIWEGVYQEFSZIMX8LMWMWEQSHMJMIHMRXIVZIVXIFVEPNSMRX[MXLEJMFVSYWMRXIVZIVXIFVEPHMWO8LIGSGG]\XETIVWXSEWXYQTSVETI\FIPS[-XLEWEZEVMEFPIRYQFIVSJJYWIHZIVXIFVEIMRHMJJIVIRXMRHMZMHYEPWYWYEPP]JSYVFYXSGGEWMSREPP]XLVIISVJMZI

    %RXIVMSVZMI[

    4SWXIVMSVZMI[

    7EGVYQ7EGVYQERHGSGG]\

    8VERWZIVWIPMRIW

    %TI\SJWEGVYQ

    &EWISJWEGVYQ

    'SGG]\

    7YTIVMSVEVXMGYPEVTVSGIWW

    1IHMERWEGVEPGVIWX

    7EGVEPLMEXYW

    'SVRYE

    7EGVEPJSVEQIR

  • 1SYXLNE[WERHXIIXL

    8LIQSYXLSVSVEPGEZMX]MWEQYGSWEPMRIHGLEQFIVLSYWMRKXLIXIIXLERHXSRKYIEGGIWWSV]HMKIWXMZISVKERW-XMWQEHIYTSJXLIPMTWGLIIOWERHTEPEXI-XMWFSYRHIHF]XLIQE\MPPEIYTTIVNE[WQERHMFPIPS[IVNE[FSRIERHXLITEPEXISVVSSJ[LMGLMWJSVQIHJVSQLSVM^SRXEPTPEXIPMOII\XIRWMSRWSJXLIJEGMEPQE\MPPEIERHTEPEXMRIFSRIW

    0MTW7XVYGXYVI 8LIPMTWSVPEFMEEVIJSPHWSJWOIPIXEPQYWGPI[MXLEXLMRGSZIVMRKSJITMXLIPMYQPE]IVSJGIPPYPEVPMRMRKXMWWYI*YRGXMSRW,SPHJSSHERHHVMROMRXLIQSYXLERHOIITXLIQMRTPEGIJSVGLI[MRKERHW[EPPS[MRK4VSXIGXXLIERXIVMSVJVSRXSTIRMRKSJXLIQSYXL%GXEWWIRWSV]VIGITXSVWXSNYHKIXLIXIQTIVEXYVIERHXI\XYVISJJSSHW%PXIVWLETIXSGLERKIXLIUYEPMX]SJWSYRHWMRGPYHMRKWTIIGLERHZSGEPM^EXMSRW

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

    7MHIZMI[SJQSYXLERHRSWI %RXIVMSVZMI[SJQSYXL

    0MTW

    9ZYPE 7SJXTEPEXI

    ,EVHTEPEXI

    7SJXTEPEXI

    9ZYPE

    4EPEXMRIXSRWMPW

  • 7)'8-32,)%( 74-2)

    DIAGRAM

    7MHIZMI[

    7XVYGXYVISJETIVQERIRXQSPEVXSSXL

    -RHMZMHYEPXIIXLSJYTTIVNE[

    -RHMZMHYEPXIIXLSJPS[IVNE[

    9TTIVXIIXL

    0S[IVXIIXL

    8IIXL8IIXLEVIERGLSVIHMRXSXLINE[FSRIMRHIITWSGOIXWF]WXVSRKTIVMSHSRXEPJMFIVWERHEREXYVEPwKPYIxGIQIRXYQ8LITEVXSJEXSSXLJM\IHMRXSXLIFSRIMWXLIVSSXXLITEVXTVSNIGXMRKEFSZIMWXLI

    GVS[R%X]TMGEPEHYPXLEWXIIXLMRXSXEP3RIEGLWMHISJXLIQSYXLMRIEGLNE[YTTIVERHPS[IVXLIVIEVIX[SMRGMWSVWSRIGERMRIX[STVIQSPEVWERHXLVIIQSPEVW

    1SPEVW

    4VIQSPEVW

    -RGMWSVW

    'ERMRI

    (IRXMRI

    )REQIP

    (IRXEPTYPT

    'VS[R

    6SSX

  • ,IEHQYWGPIW

    1SVIXLERQYWGPIWTVSZMHIXLIJEGI[MXLMXWZEWXVERKISJQSZIQIRXWJSVJIIHMRKERHXSGSRZI]MRJSVQEXMSRJIIPMRKWERHIQSXMSRWFSXLF]ZSGEPM^IHWSYRHWERHYRWTSOIRI\TVIWWMSRW8LIWIQYWGPIWEVIMRXLIJEGIERHEPWSXLIWGEPTERHRIGO

    7QMPISVJVS[R#e 8LISPHEHEKIMWXVYIMXXEOIWQSVIIJJSVXXSJVS[RXLERXSWQMPIe %X]TMGEPWQMPIIQTPS]WzQYWGPIWe %X]TMGEPJVS[RYWIWX[MGIEWQER]

    1YWGPIWSJXLIJEGIPEXIVEPZMI[

    1YWGPIWSJXLIJEGIERXIVMSVZMI[

    3GGMTMXSJVSRXEPMW

    2EWEPMW

    1IRXEPMW &YGGMREXSV

    3VFMGYPEVMWSGYPM

    3VFMGYPEVMWSVMW

    2EWEPMW

    6MWSVMYW

  • 7)'8-32 ,)%( 74-2)

    DIAGRAM

    1YWGPIWYWIHMRIEXMRK8LIQEMRTS[IVJSVFMXMRKERHGLI[MRKGSQIWJVSQXLIXIQTSVEPMWERHQEWWIXIVQYWGPIWSRXLIWMHISJXLIJEGIVYRRMRKJVSQXLIXIQTPIVIKMSRERHGLIIOFSRIHS[RXSXLIQERHMFPI

    2IGOQYWGPIWFEPERGIXLILIEHERHX[MWXXLIJEGIXSPSSOEVSYRH1SWXVYRJVSQXLIVIEVWOYPPERHJEGMEPEVIEHS[RXSXLIL]SMHGPEZMGPIGSPPEVFSRIWGETYPEWLSYPHIVFPEHIWXIVRYQFVIEWXFSRIERHXLIGIVZMGEPERHXLSVEGMGZIVXIFVEI

    8LIQYWGPIWSJQEWXMGEXMSR

    )\IVGMWIWJSVXLIJEGI-WSQIXVMGI\IVGMWIWLIPTXSOIITXLIQYWGPIWSJXLIJEGIWYTTPIERHMRKSSHGSRHMXMSR8LI]EVIUYMXIWXVIRYSYWJSVXLIQYWGPIWGSRGIVRIHWSSRP]HSIEGLI\IVGMWISRGIEHE]ERHQEMRXEMRXLITSWMXMSRJSVEQE\MQYQSJSRP]WM\WIGSRHW

    3TIR]SYVQSYXLERHI]IW[MHIWSXLEX]SYVJEGMEPQYWGPIWEVIEWJYPP]WXVIXGLIHEWTSWWMFPILSPHXLMWTSWMXMSR 7GVI[YT]SYVI]IWERHQSYXLERH[VMROPI]SYVRSWIWSXLEX]SYVJEGMEPQYWGPIWEVIGSRXVEGXIHLSPHXLMWTSWMXMSR

    1YWGPIWSJXLIRIGO

    1EWWIXIV

    8IQTSVEPMW

    8VETI^MYW

    7XIVRSGPIMHSQEWXSMH

    7X]PSL]SMH

    7XIVRSL]SMH

    8L]VSL]SMH

    ,]SMHFSRI

  • 7TMREPQYWGPIW

    +VSYTWSJFEGOQYWGPIW1YWGPIWXLEXQSZIXLIFEGOSVZIVXIFVEPGSPYQRQE]FIVIKEVHIHEWX[SQEMRKVSYTW8LIWYTIVJMGMEPSVI\XVMRWMGKVSYTEVIEPWSEWWSGMEXIH[MXLXLIPMQFKMVHPIWWLSYPHIVWERHLMTWERHQE]FIRHSVX[MWXXLIFEGOEWEWIGSRHEV]

    IJJIGXXSTSWMXMSRMRKXLIPMQFWWIIFIPS[8LIQMHHPIERHHIITSVMRXVMRWMGWTMREPQYWGPIWEVIQSWXP]GSRGIVRIH[MXLQSZMRKERHWXEFMPM^MRKXLIZIVXIFVEPGSPYQRMXWIPJWIISTTSWMXIERHEPWSTEKI

    4SWXIVMSVZMI[WLS[MRKWYTIVJMGMEPI\XVMRWMGQYWGPIW

    &IEVMRKXLIPSEHe ;LIRWXERHMRKYTVMKLXEXVIWXQER]FEGOQYWGPIWVIPE\WMRGIPMKEQIRXWXEOIXLIWXVEMRWIIRI\XTEKI

    8VETI^MYW

    (IPXSMH

    0IZEXSVWGETYPEI

    6LSQFSMHIYWQMRSV

    6LSQFSMHIYWQENSV

    0EXMWWMQYWHSVWM

    +PYXIYWQIHMYWLMT

    )\XIVREPEFHSQMREPSFPMUYI

    +PYXIYWQE\MQYWLMT

  • 7)'8-32,)%( 74-2)

    DIAGRAM

    -RXIVQIHMEXIWTMREPQYWGPIW8LIMRXIVQIHMEXISVQMHHPIPE]IVSJWTMREPQYWGPIWMWMRZSPZIHMRPMQFERHFEGOQSZIQIRXWERHEPWSMRXLIQSZIQIRXWSJVIWTMVEXMSRFVIEXLMRK*SVI\EQTPIXLIPIZEXSVWGETYPEIPMJXWSVwWLVYKWxXLIWLSYPHIVERHEPWSI\XIRHWXLIGLIWXXSMRGVIEWIMXWZSPYQIJSVHIITFVIEXLMRK

    )VIGXSVXVEGXW8LIIVIGXSVWTMREISVWEGVSWTMREPMWXVEGXWSJQYWGPIWPMISRIMXLIVWMHISJXLIZIVXIFVEPGSPYQR8LIQIHMEPXVEGXWEVIEHNEGIRXXSXLIGSPYQR[MXLXLIQIHMEPXVEGXWXSXLIWMHI8LI]EVIJSVQIHSZIVSZIVPETTMRKWIXWSJQYWGPIW[LMGLwPIETJVSKxIEGLSXLIVWTERRMRKJVSQJMZIXSSVQSVIZIVXIFVEI8LI]FIRHERHX[MWXXLIWTMREPGSPYQR

    4SWXIVMSVZMI[WLS[MRKQMHHPIPE]IVQYWGPIW

    )VIGXSVWTMREIQIHMEPXVEGX

    )VIGXSVWTMREIPEXIVEPXVEGX

    0SRKIWXQYWGPIWe 7SQIJMFIVWSJXLIPSRKMWWMQYWXLSVEGMWQYWGPIVYREPQSWXLEPJXLIPIRKXLSJXLIFEGO

    0IZEXSVWGETYPEI

    7IQMWTMREPMWGETMXMW

    6SXEXSVIWFVIZIW

    1YPXMJMHYW

    0SRKMWWMQYWGETMXMW

    0SRKMWWMQYWXLSVEGMW

    -PMSGSWXEPMWPYQFSVYQ-RXIVXVERWZIVWEVMM

  • 4IPZMGERHPS[IVFEGOQYWGPIW

    4IPZMGQYWGPIW8LI[MHIJPEVMRKWYVJEGIWSJXLITIPZMGLMTFSRITVSZMHIERGLSVEKIJSVXLVIIQEMRKVSYTWSJQYWGPIW8LIWIEVIXLIWTMREPQYWGPIWSJXLIZIVXIFVEPGSPYQRERHXLIEFHSQMREP[EPPQYWGPIWFSXLJVSQEFSZIERHXLILMTERHPIKQYWGPIW

    %RXIVMSVZMI[HIITQYWGPIW 4SWXIVMSVZMI[HIITQYWGPIW

    0EXIVEPZMI[WYTIVJMGMEPQYWGPIW4SWXIVMSVZMI[WYTIVJMGMEPQYWGPIW

    FIPS[(IITIVTIPZMGQYWGPIWWYTTSVXXLITIPZMGJPSSVSVHMETLVEKQFEWISJXLIEFHSQIREKEMRWXXLI[IMKLXSJXLIZMWGIVEEFSZIERHEVIEPWSMRZSPZIHMRYVMREXMSRHIJIGEXMSRERHGLMPHFMVXL

    +PYXIYWQMRMQYW

    +PYXIYWQIHMYW

    +PYXIYWQE\MQYW

    4WSEWQENSV

    -PMSTWSEW

    6IGXYWJIQSVMW

    +PYXIYWQE\MQYW

    4MVMJSVQMW

    +PYXIYWQIHMYW

    +PYXIYWQE\MQYW

  • 7)'8-32,)%( 74-2)

    DIAGRAM

    0S[IVWTMREPQYWGPIW-RXVMRWMGZIVXIFVEPSVWTMREPQYWGPIWWIITVIZMSYWTEKIWEXXEGLIHXSXLIXVERWZIVWIERHWTMRSYWTVSGIWWIWEGXXSFIRHERHX[MWXXLIFEGOERHEPWSXSWXEFMPM^IMXJSVI\EQTPI[LIRPMJXMRKLIEZ]PSEHW)PEWXMGPMKEQIRXWWTERERHIRGEWIIEGLMRXIVZIVXIFVEPNSMRX

    0EXIVEPZMI[ERHWIGXMSR

    1SZIQIRXWSJWTMREPGSPYQR

    7XVEMKLX *M\IH )\XIRHIH

    1SVIWTMREPQYWGPIWe -RXVMRWMGWTMREPQYWGPIWEVIREQIHJVSQXLIRYQFIVSJZIVXIFVEIXLI]WTERSVwPIETJVSKxe 6SXEXSVIWFYRHPIWWTERSRISVX[SZIVXIFVEIe 1YPXMJMHYWFYRHPIWWTERX[SSVXLVIIZIVXIFVEIe 7IQMWTMREPMWFYRHPIWWTERJSYVSVJMZI

    7TMRSYWTVSGIWW

    -RXIVZIVXIFVEPHMWO

    &SH]SJZIVXIFVE

    8LIWTMREPGSPYQRvWPSEHMWFEPERGIHJVSRXERHVIEVWMHIXSWMHI

    1YWGPIWXIRWIEKEMRWXERYRIUYEPPSEHXSWXMJJIRERHLSPHXLIFEGOVMKMH

    (SVWEPTSWXIVMSVQYWGPIWGSRXVEGXXSEVGLXLIFEGOXSXLIVIEV

    7TMRSYWTVSGIWW

    -RXIVZIVXIFVEPHMWO

    &SH]SJZIVXIFVE

  • 1EWWEKI1EWWEKIMWSRISJXLIQSWXIJJIGXMZI[E]WSJVIPMIZMRKXIRWMSRMRXMVIHORSXXIHQYWGPIW8IGLRMUYIWZEV]KVIEXP]FYXWXVEMKLXJSV[EVHQIXLSHWYWIHJSVTL]WMGEPVIPE\EXMSREVIQEMRP]GSRGIVRIH[MXLQERMTYPEXMRKXLIQYWGPIXMWWYIW[MXLWPS[IZIRTVIWWYVI8LMWMRGVIEWIWXLIFPSSHWYTTP]VIQSZIWMQTYVMXMIWERHVIWXSVIWWYTTPIRIWW

    6IPE\MRKXLIRIGOERHFEGO

    6IPE\EXMSRWLSYPHGSRGIVRIZIV]SRI[LS[ERXWXSQEMRXEMRELIEPXL]FSH]6IPE\EXMSRIREFPIWXLIFSH]XSVIWXJVSQXLIWXVIWWIWERHTVIWWYVIWSJIZIV]HE]PMJIXLIQYWGPIWEVIKMZIRERSTTSVXYRMX]XSVIPE\ERH]SYGERYWI]SYVTIVMSHSJVIPE\EXMSREWEXMQIXSVIQSZI[SVV]MRKXLSYKLXWJVSQ]SYVQMRHWMRGITL]WMGEPVIPE\EXMSRGERRSXFIIJJIGXMZIP]EGLMIZIHMRXLIEFWIRGISJQIRXEPVIPE\EXMSR8LIWITEKIWGSZIVWSQISJXLITVSFPIQWGEYWIHF]PEGOSJVIPE\EXMSRERHEPWSPSSOEX[E]WMR[LMGL]SYGERLIPT]SYVFSH]ERH]SYVQMRHXSVIPE\8V]XSWTIRHEXPIEWXQMRYXIWVIPE\MRKIZIV]HE]

    %VIEWSJXIRWMSR8IRWMSRMRXLIFEGOSJXLIRIGOQE]FIHYIXSER\MIX]SVWXVIWWSVPSRKLSYVWMRGIVXEMRTSWXYVIWWYGLEWGSQTYXIV[SVO1EWWEKMRKXLIFEGOSJXLIRIGO[MXL]SYVJMRKIVXMTWQE]VIPMIZIXLIXIRWMSR8IRWMSRMRXLIWLSYPHIVWQE]SGGYVMJ]SYVHIWOSV[SVOFIRGLMWEXXLI[VSRKLIMKLX7XVIXGLMRKERHIEWMRKXLIQYWGPIWSJXIRTVSZIWIJJIGXMZI 4EMRERHQYWGPIXIRWMSRMRXLIWQEPPSJXLIFEGOQE]FIEVIWYPXSJTSSVTSWXYVI[IEVMRKLMKLLIIPIHWLSIWXSSJVIUYIRXP]SVWEKKMRKQYWGPIWMRXLIFEGOERHEFHSQIRXLEXJEMPXSKMZITVSTIVWYTTSVX

    1YWGPIXIRWMSRERHEGLIWMRXLIEVQWEVIYWYEPP]GEYWIHF]SZIV[SVOMRKXLIQYWGPIWGSRGIVRIH1EWWEKIERHVIWXWLSYPHIEWIXLITVSFPIQ8IRWMSRERHWXMJJRIWWSJXLIXLMKLERHGEPJQYWGPIWMWYWYEPP]GEYWIHF]IRXLYWMEWXMGI\IVGMWIWYGLEWVYRRMRKSVG]GPMRKIWTIGMEPP]XLIJSPPS[MRKHE]8LMWGERFIIEWIHF]YWMRKXLIQYWGPIWKIRXP]JSVMRWXERGI[EPOMRKSVKIRXPINSKKMRK%GLMRKERHSVXIRHIVQYWGPIWMRXLIJIIXVIWYPXJVSQSZIV[SVO[EPOMRKVYRRMRKSVWXERHMRKJSVPSRKTIVMSHW;EVQJSSXFEXLWEVISJXIRWSSXLMRK

  • 7)'8-32,)%( 74-2)

    DIAGRAM

    6IPE\EXMSRI\IVGMWIW

    7MXXMRKTSWMXMSRW6IPE\EXMSRMWTSWWMFPIMRQER]TSWMXMSRW0IEVRF]HMWGSZIVMRKWSQISJXLITSWMXMSRWXLEXIREFPI]SYVFSH]XSVIWXMXWIPJ[MXLSYXWXVEMR-J]SYEVIWMXXMRKMREGLEMVQEOIWYVIXLEXMXKMZIWEHIUYEXIWYTTSVXEPPXLI[E]HS[RXLIWTMRI7MX[IPPFEGOSRXLIWIEX[MXL]SYVFEGOERHRIGOWXVEMKLXERH]SYVLIEHERHIWTIGMEPP]PS[IVFEGO[IPPWYTTSVXIH

    0]MRKTSWMXMSRW0]MRKHS[RMWSRISJXLIQSWXIJJIGXMZI[E]WXSVIPE\XLIIRXMVIFSH]ERHRIIHRSXFIVIWIVZIHSRP]JSVWPIIT0]MRKSR]SYVVMKLXWMHIIRWYVIWXLEX]SYVLIEVXMWRSXGSRWXVMGXIHERHIREFPIW]SYXSVIPE\FIXXIVXLERP]MRKSR]SYVPIJX&IRH]SYVPIJXORIIYTWSXLEX]SYHSRSXLEZIXSXIRWIQYWGPIWXSTVIZIRXVSPPMRKSZIVERHGYWLMSR]SYVLIEHSRETMPPS[

    7MXXMRKGSVVIGXP]

    0]MRKGSVVIGXP]

    E 7XERHYTVMKLXEWVIPE\IHEWTSWWMFPIERHWLEOIIEGLEVQMRXYVR7LEOIJMVWXJVSQ]SYV[VMWXXLIRJVSQ]SYVIPFS[XLIRJVSQ]SYVWLSYPHIV8LIRVITIEX[MXLIEGLPIKMRXYVRWLEOMRKJVSQXLIEROPIXLIORIIERHXLIRXLILMTF 7XERH[MXL]SYVJIIXETEVXERH]SYVEVQWF]]SYVWMHIW8EOIEHIITFVIEXLEW]SYWPS[P]VEMWI]SYVEVQWSYXXSWLSYPHIVPIZIPXLIRLSPH]SYVFVIEXLEW]SYQEMRXEMRXLMWTSWMXMSRJSVEJI[WIGSRHW&VIEXLISYXWXIEHMP]EW]SYPS[IV]SYVEVQWWPS[P]G 0SSWIR]SYVRIGOQYWGPIWF]XMPXMRK]SYVLIEHHS[RXSXLIVMKLXXSXLIFEGOXSXLIPIJXXLIR

    HS[REKEMRH 0SSWIR]SYVWLSYPHIVQYWGPIWF]WXERHMRK[MXL]SYVEVQWF]]SYVWMHIWERHXLIRWLVYKKMRK]SYVWLSYPHIVWEWLMKLEW]SYGER,SPHXLMWTSWMXMSRFVMIJP]XLIRVIPE\VITIEXWIZIVEPXMQIWI 7XERH[MXL]SYVEVQWEX]SYVWMHIW;MXLXLIFEGOWSJXLILERHWPIEHMRKQSZI]SYVEVQWJSV[EVHYTFEGOXLIRHS[REKEMRXSXVEGIPEVKIGMVGPIWXLMW[MPPLIPTXSVIPMIZIXIRWMSRMRXLIWLSYPHIVQYWGPIWJ8SVIPMIZIWXMJJFEGOQYWGPIWORIIPSREPPJSYVWXLIREPXIVREXIP]LSPPS[ERHLYQT]SYVFEGO&I[EVISJXLMWI\IVGMWIMJ]SYWYJJIVJVSQFEGOEGLI

    I

    J

    HG

    FE

  • 7XVIRKXLIRMRKXLIRIGOERHFEGO

    :EVMSYWWTSVXWMRGVIEWIWXVIRKXLF]VITIEXIHP]I\IVGMWMRKSRISVQSVIWIXWSJQYWGPIW'SQTIXMXMZIW[MQQMRKERHVS[MRKLEZIKVIEXEPPEVSYRHIJJIGXWSRXLIFSH]vWWXVIRKXLFIGEYWIQSWXSJXLIFSH]vWQYWGPIWEVII\IVGMWIH

    7XVIRKXLI\IVGMWIWEVIRSXNYWXJSVwTS[IVxEGXMZMXMIWWYGLEW[IMKLXPMJXMRKERHFSH]FYMPHMRK8LI]EVIFIRIJMGMEPI\IVGMWIWXLEX[MPPMQTVSZIXLILIEPXLSJQSWXTISTPIv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

    7XVIRKXLIRMRKVSYXMRIWE 0MIJEGIHS[R[MXL]SYVLERHWYRHIV]SYVGLMR0MJXJMVWXSRIPIKERHXLIRXLISXLIVIEGLXMQIEWLMKLEWTSWWMFPI6ITIEXEJI[XMQIWEXJMVWX-RGVIEWIXLIRYQFIVSJPMJXWIEGLHE]F]SRISVX[S(MWGSRXMRYIMJXLIVIEVIWTEWQWMRXLIWQEPPSJXLIFEGOF 0MIJEGIHS[R[MXL]SYVLERHWGPEWTIHFILMRH]SYVLIEH6EMWI]SYVLIEHERHGLIWXEWLMKLEWTSWWMFPI%WEFSZIVITIEXEPMQMXIHRYQFIVSJXMQIWEXJMVWXERHMRGVIEWIXLIRYQFIVKVEHYEPP]HE]F]HE](MWGSRXMRYIMJXLIVIMWHMWGSQJSVXSVWTEWQMRXLIRIGOSVFEGO

    G 0MISR]SYVFEGO[MXL]SYVJIIXLSSOIHYRHIVETMIGISJJYVRMXYVISVLIPHHS[RF]ETEVXRIV0MJX]SYVLIEHERHWLSYPHIVWSJJXLIKVSYRHOIITMRK]SYVIPFS[WMRGSRXEGX[MXLXLIKVSYRHYWMRK]SYVWLSYPHIVWEVQWERHXLIJVSRXSJ]SYVPS[IVEFHSQIRXSTVSZMHIXLIPMJXMRKTS[IVH 7MXEXXLIJVSRXSJEGLEMVKVMTTMRKXLIWMHIW[MXL]SYVLERHWPIKWSYXWXVEMKLXMRJVSRX[MXLLIIPWVIWXMRKSRXLIJPSSV0MJX]SYVJIIXERHFIRH]SYVORIIWYTXSXSYGL]SYVGLIWXXLIRPS[IVXLIQFEGOEKEMRWPS[P]

    7TSVXWERHEGXMZMXMIW

    H

    G

    F

    E

  • 7)'8-32 ,)%( 74-2)

    DIAGRAM

    7XVIRKXLIRMRKVSYXMRIWGSRXMRYIHI &IKMREWJSVVSYXMRIHWMXXMRKEXXLIJVSRXSJEGLEMVERHKVMTTMRKXLIWMHIW[MXL]SYVLERHWWIISTTSWMXI8LIRPMJX]SYVPIKW[LMPIOIITMRKXLIQWXVEMKLX,SPHXLIQMRXLMWTSWMXMSREWPSRKEW]SYGERXLIRPS[IVXLIQWXIEHMP]6IWXJSVEJI[WIGSRHWERHVITIEXFYXEZSMHXSSQYGLWXVEMRSVJEXMKYIJ 0MI[MXL]SYVPS[IVEFHSQIRERHLMTWSZIVEGLEMVEWWLS[R6EMWI]SYVLIEHEVQWERHPIKWEWJEVEW]SYGERWSXLEX]SYV[LSPIFSH]GSQIWMRXSEWXVEMKLXPMRI%WEFSZILSPH]SYVWIPJMRXLMWTSWMXMSRJSVEWPSRKEW

    ]SYGERXLIRPS[IV]SYVEVQWERHPIKWWXIEHMP]ERHVIWXJSVEJI[WIGSRHWK 0MIJEGIHS[R[MXL]SYVEVQWWXVIXGLIHXSXLIWMHIWLSPHMRKEXS[IPSRXLIKVSYRHMRJVSRXSJ]SYVLIEH6EMWI]SYVPIKWERHEVQWWMQYPXERISYWP]WSXLEXXLIXS[IPPMJXWEFSZI]SYVLIEHXLIRPS[IVXLIQEKEMRXEOMRKEFSYXXLVIIWIGSRHWJSVXLI[LSPIQSZIQIRXL 7MXSRXLIJPSSV[MXL]SYV[IMKLXFEPERGIHSZIV]SYVFYXXSGOW6EMWI]SYVPIKWERHXV]XSLSPH]SYVEROPIWEWWLS[R)ZIRXYEPP]]SYWLSYPHFIEFPIXSLSPHXLMWTSWMXMSRJSVWIZIVEPWIGSRHW

    )\IVGMWIWJSVFEGOEGLIWYJJIVIVW

    9RPIWWEHZMWIHSXLIV[MWIF]EHSGXSVWMXSRLEVHWXVEMKLXFEGOIHGLEMVWWPIITSREJMVQQEXXVIWWERHSVKERM^I[SVOWYVJEGIWWSXLEX]SYHSRSXLEZIXSPIERJSV[EVH8SKIXMRXSFIHJEGIXLIFIHTPEGMRKFSXLLERHWSRMXJSVWYTTSVX6EMWISRIORIIEXEXMQISRXSXLIFIH'VE[PMRXSTSWMXMSRERHVSPPSRXS]SYVWMHIYWMRKETMPPS[XSWYTTSVX]SYVLIEH

    &EGOI\IVGMWIW+IRIVEPEHZMGI9RPIWWHSGXSVWEHZMWISXLIV[MWIXLIWII\IVGMWIWQE]FIRIJMXFEHFEGOW(SIEGLI\IVGMWIX[MGIHEMP] 0MIJEGIHS[R[MXL]SYVEVQWEX]SYVWMHIWGSRXVEGX]SYVEFHSQIRERHFYXXSGOWXSFVMRK]SYVWLSYPHIVFPEHIWXSKIXLIV 7MXYTVMKLX;MXL]SYVLERHWGPEWTIHFILMRH]SYFIRHJSV[EVHEW]SYPMJX]SYVLIEHERHFVMRK]SYVWLSYPHIVFPEHIWXSKIXLIV4YPPFSXLLERHWHS[RERH

    FEGOERHWMXYTVMKLXEKEMR 7XERHIVIGXERHLSPH]SYVLIEHYTEW]SYGSRXVEGX]SYVEFHSQIRERHFYXXSGOW

    L

    K

    J

    I

  • EVMEFPIVMFWe 8LIVIMWRSXVYXLMRXLISPHXEPIXLEXQIRLEZIEHMJJIVIRXRYQFIVSJVMFWXLER[SQIRe &SXLWI\IWLEZIVMFWe ,S[IZIVEFSYXSRITIVWSRMRREXYVEPP]LEWSRITEMVSJVMFWI\XVESVQMWWMRK

    -RXVSHYGXMSR

    8LIGLIWX XLSVE\ ERHEFHSQIRJSVQXLIQEMRTEVXSJXLIFSH]XLIXSVWS8LIHMZMWMSRFIX[IIRGLIWXERHEFHSQIRMWYWYEPP]MHIRXMJMIHEWXLIHMETLVEKQXLIHSQI WLETIHQYWGPIFIPS[XLIPYRKW[LSWIQSZIQIRXWTVSZMHIXLIQEMRTS[IVJSVVIWTMVEXMSRFVIEXLMRK 8LIZIVXIFVEPGSPYQRMRXLIFEGOTVSZMHIWXLIQENSVWYTTSVXWXVYGXYVIJSVFSXLHMZMWMSRWS[IZIVXLIGLIWXLEWRYQIVSYWFSRIW[LMPIXLIEFHSQIRLEWZIV]JI[

    8LIGLIWXJSVQWXLIGIRXVEPWIGXMSRSJXLIE\MEPWOIPIXSRFIX[IIRXLIGIVZMGEPRIGOVIKMSRSJXLIZIVXIFVEPGSPYQREFSZIERHXLIPYQFEVPS[IVFEGOVIKMSRFIPS[

    8LIGLIWXvWFSR]JVEQI[SVOLEWEHIITwRSXGLxMRMXWGIRXVEPYRHIVWMHIEXXLIJVSRX[LIVIXLIVMFWGYVZIYTXSXLIWXIVRYQ

    'LIWXERHE\MEPWOIPIXSR%FSZIXLIHMETLVEKQXLIGLIWXMWFSYRHIHF]XLIGPEZMGPIWGSPPEVFSRIWEXMXWLMKLIWXTSMRXXLIXLSVEGMGZIVXIFVEIEXXLIFEGOXLIVMFWEVSYRHXLIWMHIWSVPEXIVEPP]ERHXLIWXIVRYQFVIEWXFSRIEXXLIJVSRX8LIEFHSQIRLEWVIPEXMZIP]JI[IVWOIPIXEPIPIQIRXW{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

    0SGEXMSR

  • 7)'8-32 ',)78 % (31)2

    DIAGRAM

    %RXIVMSVZMI[ 4SWXIVMSVZMI[

    &SRIWSJXLIGLIWX8LIGLIWXLEWFSR]IPIQIRXW8LIVIEVIXLSVEGMGZIVXIFVEI[MXLSRITEMVSJVMFWNSMRIHXSIEGLXLIWXIVRYQERHEGPEZMGPIERHWGETYPEWLSYPHIVFPEHISRIEGLYTTIVWMHI8LIJMVWXWIZIRTEMVWSJVMFWEVIXVYIVMFWPMROMRKXSXLI

    WXIVRYQF]GSWXEPGEVXMPEKIW6MFTEMVWIMKLXXSEVIJEPWIVMFWPMROMRKF]I\XIRHIHGSWXEPGEVXMPEKIWXSXLIXVYIVMFWEFSZI4EMVWERHEVIJPSEXMRK[MXLRSERXIVMSVJM\MRKXLIMVJSV[EVHIRHWEVI[MXLMRXLIGLIWXQYWGYPEXYVI

    7XIVRYQ 7GETYPE

    'PEZMGPI

    7GETYPE

    *PSEXMRKVMFW *PSEXMRKVMFW

    *EPWIVMFW

    8VYIVMFW

  • 'LIWXQYWGPIW

    8LIGLIWXLEWEGSQTPI\QYWGYPEXYVIJYPJMPPMRKWIZIVEPJYRGXMSRW%ZMXEPJYRGXMSRMWXSHVMZIXLIQSZIQIRXWSJVIWTMVEXMSRFVIEXLMRK[LIVIF]XLIVMFGEKII\TERHWMRZSPYQIXSWXVIXGLXLIPYRKWERHHVE[MREMV%PWSXLIGLIWXQYWGPIWWYTTSVXXLIXSVWSERHMRGPYHIQYWGPIWPMROMRKXSXLIRIGOERHLIEHEFSZIERHXLIEFHSQIRFIPS[MRSVHIVXSQEMRXEMRFSH]TSWXYVIERHFEPERGI-REHHMXMSRXLI

    0EVKIVWLSYPHIVQYWGPIWSZIVPMIXLIMRXIVGSWXEPW[LMGLEVIPSRKREVVS[QYWGPIWVYRRMRKFIX[IIRIEGLTEMVSJVMFW8LIMRXIVGSWXEPWEVIMQTSVXERXMRVIWTMVEXMSRWIISTTSWMXI

    2EQMRKGLIWXQYWGPIW1ER]GLIWXQYWGPIWEVIREQIHJVSQXLIFSRIWXLI]PMRO*SVI\EQTPIXLIWYFGPEZMYWVYRWEPSRKYRHIVXLIGPEZMGPIGSPPEVFSRI8LIMRXIVGSWXEPWVYRFIX[IIRXLIVMFW[LMGLEVIEPWSORS[REWXLIGSWXEI

    %RXIVMSVGLIWX[EPP

    GLIWXVIKMSRTVSZMHIWERGLSVEKIJSVXLIYTTIVPMQFKMVHPISVWLSYPHIVQYWGPIWXLEXSTIVEXIXLIYTTIVEVQ1SWXSJXLIWIQYWGPIWEVIJPEXXIRIHERHWLETIHPMOIWXVETWSVIPSRKEXIHXVMERKPIW8LIWGETYPEERHGPEZMGPIEGXEWJM\MRKTSMRXWJSVRYQIVSYWWYTIVJMGMEPQYWGPIWXLEXNSMRXSXLIRIGOVMFWZIVXIFVEIERHLYQIVYWYTTIVEVQFSRI6IWTMVEXSV]QYWGPIWXIRHXSFIHIITIV

    &VIEXLMRKSYXRSQYWGPIWe )\TMVEXMSRSGGYVWQEMRP]F]XLIREXYVEPIPEWXMGVIGSMPSJXLIPYRKW[LMGLVIXYVRWXLIQXSXLIMVTVIMRLEPEXMSRWM^I

    7YFGPEZMYW

    )\XIVREPMRXIVGSWXEP

    -RXIVREPMRXIVGSWXEP

  • 7)'8-32 ',)78 % (31)2

    DIAGRAM

    0EXIVEPZMI[WYTIVJMGMEPQYWGPIW

    %RXIVMSVZMI[MRXIVGSWXEPQYWGPIW

    4SWXIVMSVZMI[ERXIVMSVGLIWX[EPP

    0EXIVEPZMI[HIITQYWGPIW

    'LIWXQYWGPIW8LII\XIVREPMRXIVGSWXEPQYWGPIWGSRXVEGXXSQEOIXLIVMFWW[MRKSYX[EVHERHYT[EVHMREXMPXMRKSVwFYGOIXLERHPIxQSXMSR'SYTPIH[MXLHMETLVEKQGSRXVEGXMSRWIIFIPS[XLMWJSVGIJYPP]IRPEVKIWXLIZSPYQISJXLIXLSVEGMGGEZMX]ERHGEYWIWEMVXSJPS[MRXSXLIPYRKWHYVMRKMRWTMVEXMSR

    'LIWXMRXIVMSV8LIHSQIWLETIHHMETLVEKQWLIIXSJQYWGPIEXXLIFEWISJXLIGLIWXGSRXVEGXWERHFIGSQIWJPEXXIVTYPPMRKHS[RXLIPYRKFEWIWERHMRGVIEWMRKXLIMVWM^IJSVMRWTMVEXMSR8LIMRXIVREPMRXIVGSWXEPWGSRXVEGXXSTYPPXLIVMFWHS[RERHMR[EVHHYVMRKJSVGIHI\TMVEXMSREW[LIRMRJPEXMRKEFEPPSSR

    4IGXSVEPMWQENSV

    4IGXSVEPMWQMRSV

    7IVVEXYWERXIVMSV

    7IVVEXYWERXIVMSV

    0EXMWWMQYWHSVWM

    )\XIVREPEFHSQMREPSFPMUYI

    6MFW

    )\XIVREPMRXIVGSWXEPW

    -RXIVREPMRXIVGSWXEPW

    6MFW

    (METLVEKQ

  • %FHSQMREPQYWGPIW

    8LIEFHSQMREPQYWGPIWGSRWMWXGLMIJP]SJPEVKIWLIIXWSJQYWGPIXMWWYI[VETTMRKEVSYRHXLIWMHIWERHJVSRXSJXLIZMWGIVE8LI]EVIEXXEGLIHXSXLIZIVXIFVEPQYWGPIGSPYQREXXLIVIEVXLIPS[IVVMFWEFSZIERHXLIJPERKIWSJXLITIPZMWFIPS[1SWXSJXLIWIQYWGPIWEVIREQIHJVSQXLIMVJMFIVHMVIGXMSRXVERWZIVWYWLSVM^SRXEPVIGXYWZIVXMGEPSVSFPMUYIHMEKSREP

    LMXIPMRIe 8LIPMRIEEPFESVw[LMXIPMRIxMWEGSVHPMOIXIRHSRVYRRMRKJVSQXLIFEWISJXLIWXIVRYQHS[RXLIJVSRXGIRXIVSJXLIEFHSQIRXSXLIYTTIVQMHHPINSMRXTYFMGW]QTL]WMWSJXLITIPZMWSVLMTFSRI

    IITIVEFHSQMREPQYWGPIW8LIXVERWZIVWYWEFHSQMRMWMWXLIQENSVQYWGPIWLIIXVYRRMRKLSVM^SRXEPP]EVSYRHXLIEFHSQIR-XWTEMVIHWIGXMSRWNSMRGIRXVEPP]EXXLIPMRIEEPFE

    8LIMRKYMREPSVKVSMRVIKMSRGSRXEMRWERYQFIVSJQYWGPIFSVHIVWERHIHKIW[MXLJMFVSYWGSRRIGXMSRWXSIEGLSXLIVERHXSPMKEQIRXW

    %RXIVMSVZMI[XVERWZIVWYWEFHSQMRMW

    %RXIVMSVZMI[MRKYMREPVIKMSR

    0MRIEEPFE

    -RKYMREPPMKEQIRX

    8VERWZIVYWEFHSQMRMW

  • 7)'8-32 ',)78 % (31)2

    DIAGRAM

    -RRIVEFHSQMREP[EPP-RXLMWZMI[XLIPEVKIZIVXMGEPQYWGPIWXVETWSRIMXLIVWMHISJXLIQMHPMRIGEPPIHXLIVIGXYWEFHSQMRMWLEZIFIIRVIQSZIHXSVIZIEPXLIMRRIVQYWGYPEXYVI8LII\XIVREPVIGXEPWLIEXLSVGSZIVMRKSJXLIPIJXVIGXYWEFHSQMRMWLEWFIIRJSPHIHSZIVXSXLIVMKLXXSEMHXLII\TSWYVI

    YXIVEFHSQMREP[EPP-RXLITVSGIWWSJHMWWIGXMSRXLMWZMI[TVIGIHIWXLEXWLS[RFIPS[,IVIXLIVIGXYWEFHSQMRMWMWWXMPPMRTPEGI%PPXLIWIWLIIXWSJEFHSQMREPQYWGPIWRSXSRP]VIXEMRXLIZMWGIVEXLI]GEREPWSFIXIRWIHXSJSVQEFSEVHPMOIFEVVMIVXLEXTVSXIGXWXLIWSJXMRRIVSVKERWMRGEWISJEORSGOSVFPS[

    6IGXYWEFHSQMRMW

    4SWXIVMSVPE]IVSJVIGXYWWLIEXL

    %RXIVMSVPE]IVSJVIGXYWWLIEXL

    8VERWZIVWYWEFHSQMRMW

    -RXIVREPEFHSQMREPSFPMUYI

    6IGXYWEFHSQMRMWPS[IVGYXIRH

    6IGXYWEFHSQMRMWYTTIVGYXIRH

    4IGXSVEPMWQENSV

  • -WSQIXVMGI\IVGMWIW

    'LIWXERHYTTIVFSH]I\IVGMWIW,IVIEVIWSQII\IVGMWIWJSVXLIYTTIVFSH]MRGPYHMRKXLIGLIWXERHWLSYPHIVW7MRGIXLIWIEVIMWSQIXVMGI\IVGMWIWERHYWIEPPTSXIRXMEPQYWGPIWXVIRKXLMRWXIEHSJXLIzTIVGIRXGYWXSQEVMP]I\IVXIHXLI]LEZIWMKRMJMGERXIJJIGXWSRQYWGPIW8SEZSMHWXVEMRWSVSXLIVXVSYFPIPMQMXIEGLI\IVGMWIXSWM\WIGSRHWERHTIVJSVQMXSRP]SRGIEHE]E -RXIVPSGOXLIJMRKIVWSJFSXLLERHWFILMRH]SYVLIEH4YWL]SYVLERHWJSV[EVHERHLIEHFEGO6ITIEX[MXLMRXIVPSGOIHJMRKIVWTVIWWIHFEGOEKEMRWX]SYVJSVILIEHEW]SYXV]XSJSVGI]SYVLIEHJSV[EVHF 7MXEXEXEFPISVJPEXXSTTIHHIWOERHTVIWW]SYVLERHWHS[RYTSRMXWWYVJEGI[MXL]SYVJMRKIVWWTVIEH[MHIETEVX SYGERVITIEXXLMW[LMPIWXERHMRK

    G 7MXXMRKSREGLEMV[MXLSYXEVQWKVMTXLIWMHIWSJXLIWIEXERHXV]XSTYPPMXYT[EVHH 7XERHRIEVE[EPPJEGMRKMX[MXL]SYVEVQWWXVEMKLXHS[RERHXLITEPQWSJ]SYVLERHWXS[EVHXLI[EPP4VIWW]SYVLERHW

    EKEMRWXXLI[EPPEWLEVHEWTSWWMFPII 7XERHJEGMRKEHSSVNEQFERHTPEGIXLITEPQWSJFSXLLERHWSRSTTSWMXIWMHIWSJXLINEQFEX[EMWXLIMKLX4VIWW]SYVLERHWLEVHXS[EVHIEGLSXLIV6IPE\ERHVITIEXEXGLIWXPIZIPXLIREXI]IPIZIPJ 7XERHMREHSSV[E]ERHVEMWI]SYVEVQWXSTVIWWXLITEPQWSJ]SYVLERHWLEVHEKEMRWXXLIXSTSJXLIHSSVJVEQI SYQE]RIIHXSWXERHSREFS\

    -WSQIXVMGI\IVGMWIWEVIEMQIHEXFYMPHMRKQYWGPIWXVIRKXLERHXSRI8LI]XEOIYTPMXXPIXMQI{NYWXWM\WIGSRHWI\IVXMRKQE\MQYQQYWGPIJSVGIJSVSRII\IVGMWISVVSYXMRIERHWIGSRHWJSVI\IVGMWIWGSZIVMRKXLI[LSPIFSH]1SVISZIVXLI]VIUYMVIRSWTIGMEP

    IUYMTQIRX8LI]GERFIYWIJYPJSVEHHMRKXSRIXSWEKKMRKGLIWXERHEFHSQMREPQYWGPIWERHMQTVSZMRKFEGOTSWXYVIERHYTTIVFSH]WXVIRKXL&YXXLI]PIEZIXLILIEVXPYRKW]WXIQYRI\IVGMWIHERHWSWLSYPHFIGEVVMIHSYXEPSRKWMHIWXVIRYSYWQSFMPMX]VSYXMRIW

    J

    G

    IH

    FE

  • 7)'8-32 ',)78 % (31)2

    DIAGRAM

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

    F

    G H

    I

    J

    K

    E

  • 7XVIRKXLIRMRKI\IVGMWIW

    7XVIRKXLIRMRK[EMWXERHXVYROE 7XERHJEGMRKJSV[EVH[MXL]SYVEVQWPSSWIP]GVSWWIH8[MWX]SYVXVYROXSSRIWMHIXLIRXLISXLIVEWJEVEWTSWWMFPIIEGLXMQI IIT]SYVJIIXJPEXSRXLIJPSSV3ZIVWIZIVEPHE]W]SYWLSYPHFIEFPIXSX[MWXJEVXLIVIEGLXMQIF 7XERH[MXL]SYVEVQWWXVIXGLIHSYXXSXLIJVSRXERHJIIXETEVX7[MRK]SYVEVQWEVSYRHEWJEVEWTSWWMFPIXSXLIPIJXERHXLIRXLIVMKLX

    G 7XERHYTVMKLX[MXL]SYVPIKWWPMKLXP]ETEVXERH]SYVEVQWLERKMRKPSSWIP]F]]SYVWMHI&IRHEWJEVEWTSWWMFPIXSIEGLWMHIYWMRKQEMRP]]SYV[EMWXERHPS[IVFEGOEVIEOIITMRK]SYVLIEHEWPIZIPEWTSWWMFPIH 0MISR]SYVJVSRX[MXLORIIWFIRXERHJIIXMRXLIEMV8V]XSGPEWT]SYVEROPIWERHVEMWI]SYVXLMKLW8LMWQE]FIE[O[EVHEXJMVWXFYXEW[MXLXLISXLIVI\IVGMWIW]SYVWYTTPIRIWWERHWXVIRKXLWLSYPHMQTVSZI

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

    E

    E F

    G H

    F G

  • 7)'8-32 ',)78 % (31)2

    DIAGRAM

    -WSXSRMGI\IVGMWIWJSVXLIYTTIVFSH]GLIWXERHEFHSQIR-RGSRXVEWXXSMWSQIXVMGI\IVGMWIWMWSXSRMGI\IVGMWIWTVSHYGIQSZIQIRXEXXLINSMRXWERHGSRXVEGXMRKQYWGPIWWLSVXIRMRPIRKXLE 'VSYGL[MXLEHYQFFIPPMRIEGLLERHORYGOPIWYTTIVQSWXOIITMRK]SYVFEGOWXVEMKLX8LIRWXERHYTFIRHMRK]SYVEVQWERHPMJXMRKXLIHYQFFIPPWXSWLSYPHIVLIMKLX2I\XXLVYWXXLIHYQFFIPPWXSEVQvWPIRKXLEFSZIXLILIEH7YGLI\IVGMWIWLIPTWXVIRKXLIRGLIWXEVQERHWLSYPHIVQYWGPIWF;MXLFSXLLERHWKVMTERI\TERHIVMRJVSRXSJ]SYEXEVQv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

    E

    F

    G

    H

  • -RXVSHYGXMSR

    EGLYTTIVPMQFGSRWMWXWSJ FSRIWMRGPYHMRKXLIWGETYPEERHGPEZMGPIEHNEGIRXXSIEGLWMHISJXLIYTTIVVMFGEKIERHQSVIXLER QYWGPIW8LIWIQYWGPIWMRGPYHIXLSWIEXXLIWLSYPHIV[LMGLKIRIVEPP]QSZIXLIYTTIVEVQFSRISVLYQIVYW XLSWIMRXLIYTTIVEVQ[LMGLSTIVEXIXLIIPFS[NSMRX ERHXLSWIMRXLIJSVIEVQ[LMGLQSZIXLI[VMWXERHEPWSXLIJMRKIVW

    8LIETTIRHMGYPEVWOIPIXSR8LIETTIRHMGYPEVWOIPIXSRLEWFSRIWERHGSRWMWXWSJXLIPMQFWERHXLIMVEXXEGLQIRXW

    8IVQWYWIHXSHIWGVMFIXLIEGXMSRSJQYWGPIWQE]SJXIRFIGSQIMRGSVTSVEXIHMRXSXLIREQIWSJEVQERHPIKQYWGPIW

    (SVWMJPI\SV 4SMRXWXLIXSIWYT[EVHJPI\MRKXLIJSSXEXXLIEROPI

    )ZIVXSV 8YVRWXLIWSPISJXLIJSSXSYX[EVH

    )\XIRWSV -RGVIEWIWXLIERKPISJENSMRXEW[LIRWXVEMKLXIRMRK

    *PI\SV (IGVIEWIWXLIERKPISJENSMRXEW[LIRFIRHMRK

    -RZIVXSV 8YVRWXLIWSPISJXLIJSSXMR[EVH

    4PERXEV 4SMRXWXLIXSIWJPI\SV HS[R[EVHI\XIRHMRKXLI

    JSSXEXXLIEROPI

    4VSREXSV 8YVRWXLITEPQHS[R[EVH

    6SXEXSV 1SZIWSVX[MWXWEFSRIEVSYRHMXWPSRKMXYHMREPE\MWEW[LIRX[MWXMRKXLIPIKXSTSMRXXLIJSSXWMHI[E]W

    7YTMREXSV 8YVRWXLITEPQYT[EVH

    8IRWSV +IRIVEPP]QEOIWEFSH]TEVXWXMJJIVSVQSVIVMKMH

    0MQFQYWGPIREQIW

  • 7)'8-32 %617 7,3 ()67

    9TTIVPMQFFSRIW

    DIAGRAM

    8LIWOIPIXSRSJXLIYTTIVPMQFMWEREPSKSYWXSXLEXSJXLIPS[IVPMQF8LIVIMWSRIQENSVPSRKFSRIRI\XXSXLIXSVWSYTTIVEVQXLMKLX[SPSRKFSRIWMRXLIWIGSRHPMQFWIGXMSRJSVIEVQGEPJEKVSYTSJWQEPPFSRIW[MXLMREGSQTPI\NSMRX[VMWXEROPIERHXLIWEQITEXXIVRSJXLVIIWIXWSJI\XVIQMX]FSRIWLERHJSSX8LIEVQMWHIWMKRIHJSVQSFMPMX]ERHQERMTYPEXMSRERHGERX[MWXEPSRKMXWPIRKXLERHXYVRZMVXYEPP]EJYPPGMVGPI

    8LIGEVTYWSV[VMWXGSRWMWXWSJIMKLXWQEPPQEMRP]FS\WLETIHFSRIW8LIMVNSMRXWEVIGLMIJP]SJXLIKPMHMRKX]TIERHLEZIPMQMXIHQSZIQIRXW8LIQIXEGEVTEPFSRIWEVIIRGEWIHMRQYWGPIERHJPIWLERHJSVQXLITEPQSJXLILERH8LIJMRKIVFSRIWEVIXIVQIHTLEPERKIWERHRYQFIVIHXSJVSQXLIMRRIVQSWXSVXLYQFXSXLIPMXXPIJMRKIVTMRO]

    %RXIVMSVZMI[ 4SWXIVMSVZMI[

    4EPQEVZMI[7OIPIXSRSJXLILERH

    8LSVEGMGZIVXIFVEI

    ,YQIVYW

    (MKMX

    4LEPERKIW

    7GETYPE

    6EHMYW

    'PEZMGPI

    9PRE

    6MF

    (MKMX

    1IXEGEVTEPW

    'EVTYW

  • 7LSYPHIVQYWGPIW

    8LIWLSYPHIVNSMRX8LIWLSYPHIVMWZIV]WYTTPISVQSFMPI&YXXLMWGSQIWEXXLII\TIRWISJWXEFMPMX]-RQIGLERMGEPHIWMKRXLIWLSYPHIVMWVIKEVHIHEWMRLIVIRXP]YRWXEFPI-XMWQEMRXEMRIHMRTSWMXMSRF]MXWNSMRXPMKEQIRXWERHF]XLIXIRHSRWSJXLIQYWGPIW[LMGL[VETEVSYRHMXIWTIGMEPP]XLSWISJXLIw7-87xWYTVEWTMREXYWMRJVEWTMREXYWXIVIWQMRSVERHWYFWGETYPEVMW8LIWIJSVQMXWwVSXEXSVGYJJx

    IV]QSFMPIe 8LIWLSYPHIVMWXLIQSWXJPI\MFPISJEPPFSH]NSMRXWe -XLEWE[MHIVERKISJEFHYGXMSREHHYGXMSR[LIRXLIEVQWEVIPMJXIHSYXWMHI[E]We -XEPWSLEWE[MHIVERKISJJPI\MSRI\XIRWMSRJSV[EVHERHFEGO[EVHe -XTIVQMXWVSXEXMSRXSX[MWXXLIIPFS[ERHLERH

    4SWXIVMSVZMI[WYTIVJMGMEPERHHIITQYWGPIW

    %RXIVMSVZMI[HSVWEPQYWGPIW

    0IZEXSVWGETYPEI

    6LSQFSMHIYWQENSV

    7IVVEXYWERXIVMSV

    8VETI^MYW

    8IVIWQENSV

    8VETI^MYW

    0IZEXSVWGETYPEI

    7IVVEXYWERXIVMSV

    4IGXSVEPMWQMRSV

  • 7)'8-32 %617 7,3 ()67

    DIAGRAM

    9TTIVEVQQYWGPIW)EGLSJXLIWIQYWGPIWLEWWIZIVEPEGXMSRWHITIRHMRKSR[LMGLTEVXSJMXGSRXVEGXWQSWX*SVI\EQTPIXLIHIPXSMHGERTYPPXLIEVQMRXSXLIFSH]SVJSV[EVHSVFEGO[EVHSVVSXEXIXLIYTTIVEVQMR[EVHSVSYX[EVH-JQSWXSJXLIWLSYPHIVQYWGPIWEVIXIRWIHXSLSPHXLIEVQWXIEH]XLIPEXMWWMQYWHSVWMEGXWXSX[MWXERHTYPPXLIWLSYPHIVFPEHIHS[RERHFEGO

    0EXIVEPZMI[LYQIVEPQYWGPIW

    %RXIVMSVZMI[WYTIVJMGMEPQYWGPIW

    %RXIVMSVZMI[HIITQYWGPIW

    (IPXSMH

    4IGXSVEPMWQENSV

    0EXMWWMQYWHSVWM

    4IGXSVEPMWQMRSV

    0EXMWWMQYWHSVWM

    8IVIWQENSV

    7YTVEWTMREXYW

    8IVIWQMRSV

    4IGXSVEPMWQENSV

    (IPXSMH

  • &IRHERHX[MWXe 3RISJXLIFSH]vWFIWXORS[RQYWGPIWMWXLIFMGITWFVEGLMMMRXLIYTTIVEVQe -REHHMXMSRXSJPI\MRKFIRHMRKXLIIPFS[XLIFMGITWFVEGLMMEPWSWYTMREXIWXLIJSVIEVQGEYWMRKXLITEPQXSVSXEXIERHJEGIYT[EVH

    %VQQYWGPIW

    9TTIVEVQQYWGPIW8LIYTTIVEVQQYWGPIWEMHXLIWLSYPHIVQYWGPIWMRQSZIQIRXWXLIVIFYXTVMQEVMP]XLI]EVIVIWTSRWMFPIJSVQSXMSREXXLIIPFS[NSMRX8LMWMRGPYHIWFIRHMRKERHWXVEMKLXIRMRKERHEPWSX[MWXMRKSJXLIJSVIEVQFSRIW

    9TTIVEVQQYWGPIW

    %RXIVMSVZMI[YTTIVEVQQYWGPIW

    4SWXIVMSVZMI[YTTIVEVQQYWGPIW

    0EXIVEPZMI[YTTIVEVQQYWGPIW

    0SRKLIEHSJXVMGITWFVEGLMM

    (IPXSMH

    (IPXSMH

    8VETI^MYW

    &VEGLMEPMW

    &VEGLMEPMW

    &MGITWFVEGLMM

    (IPXSMH

  • 7)'8-32 %617 7,3 ()67

    DIAGRAM

    1YWGPIEXXEGLQIRXW;LIVIQYWGPIWEXXEGLXSFSRIWZMEXLIMVXIRHSRWXLIFSRIWYVJEGIMWVSYKLERHTMXXIH3RP]WIPIGXIHEVQQYWGPIEXXEGLQIRXWEVIPEFIPPIHLIVI

    1IGLERMGEPEHZERXEKI1ER]QYWGPIWIWTIGMEPP]MRXLIPMQFWWLS[QIGLERMGEPEHZERXEKI8LMWMWETVSTIVX]SJPIZIVW8LIMRWIVXMSRSJXLIQYWGPIMWRIEVXLITMZSXSVJYPGVYQ XLINSMRX[LMGLXLIQYWGPISTIVEXIW;LIRXLIQYWGPIGSRXVEGXWSRP]EWQEPPEQSYRXXLIIRHSJXLIFSRIRIEVXLINSMRXQSZIWEGSVVIWTSRHMRKP]WQEPPEQSYRX&YXXLISXLIVIRHSJXLIFSRI[LMGLMWEGXMRKEWEPIZIVMWQSZIHQYGLJEVXLIV-RXLMW[E]XLIFMGITWFVEGLMMGERGSRXVEGXF]XLIPIRKXLSJEXLYQF]IXQSZIXLILERHXLVSYKLEREVGEWPSRKEWXLIEVQMXWIPJ

    %RXIVMSVZMI[ 4SWXIVMSVZMI[

    7IVVEXYWERXIVMSV

    8IVIWQENSV

    (IPXSMH

    &VEGLMEPMW

    4VSREXSVXIVIW

    8IVIWQENSV

    (IPXSMH

    8[SLIEHWSJFMGITWFVEGLMMERGLSVIHXSWGETYPE

    -RWIVXMSRSJFMGITWFVEGLMMSRXSVEHMYW

  • VMWXERHLERHQYWGPIW

    *SVIEVQQYWGPIW1SWXJSVIEVQQYWGPIWLEZIPSRKXIRHSRWXLVSYKLXLI[VMWXXSXLIJMRKIVWw4SPPMGMWxVIJIVWXSXLIXLYQF

    6MKLXJSVIEVQWYTIVJMGMEPJPI\SVW

    6MKLXJSVIEVQWYTIVJMGMEPI\XIRWSVW

    6MKLXJSVIEVQHIITJPI\SVW

    6MKLXJSVIEVQHIITI\XIRWSVW

    %FHYGXSVTSPPMGMWFVIZMW

    *PI\SVTSPPMGMWPSRKYW

    )\XIRWSVTSPPMGMWFVIZMW

    %FHYGXSVTSPPMGMWPSRKYW

    *PI\SVXIRHSRWMRTEPQ

    *MRKIVFIRHMRKQYWGPIW

    *PI\SVVIXMREGYPYQ

    )\XIRWSVTSPPMGMWFVIZMW

    )\XIRWSVTSPPMGMWPSRKYW

    %FHYGXSVTSPPMGMWPSRKYW

    7YTMREXSV

  • 7)'8-32 %617 7,3 ()67

    DIAGRAM

    ERHQYWGPIW8LIXLYQFTSPPI\EPSRIMWQSZIHF]QSVIXLEREHS^IRQYWGPIWWLSVXFVIZMWERHPSRKPSRKYW1ER]LERHQYWGPIWGSQIXSKIXLIVXSJSVQFVSEHJPEXJMFVSYWWLIIXWORS[REWETSRIYVSWIW[LMGLXVERWQMXXLITYPPWSJXLIWIZEVMSYWQYWGPIWMRXSSXLIVHMVIGXMSRW

    0EXIVEPZMI[QYWGPIWEGXMRKSRXLIXLYQF

    7YTIVJMGMEPJPI\SVWSJXLITEPQ

    *MVWXHMKMXXLYQFQYWGPIW

    %FHYGXSVTSPPMGMWPSRKYW

    )\XIRWSVTSPPMGMWPSRKYW

    )\XIRWSVTSPPMGMWFVIZMW

    *PI\SVVIXMREGYPYQ

    3TTSRIRWTSPPMGMW

    *PI\SVTSPPMGMWFVIZMW

    (IITLIEH

    7YTIVJMGMEPLIEH

  • )\IVGMWIWERHHMWSVHIVW

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

    TVIWWMRKLEVHSRMXFYXMJPIJXEPSRIXLIW[IPPMRKSJXIRHMWETTIEVWWTSRXERISYWP]H1EPPIXJMRKIVMWERMRNYV]SJXIRGEYWIHF]ELEVHFPS[XSXLIJMRKIVXMT-XMWHYIXSLEVHWGEVERHJMFVSYWXMWWYIFYMPHMRKYTMRXLIIRHSJXLIJMRKIV-XQE]VIHYGIXLIJMRKIVXMTWOMRvWHIPMGEXIWIRWISJXSYGLERHWSPIEHXSQSVIEGGMHIRXEPFPS[WI 6ITIEXIHWXVIWWMRNYVMIW67-WGERSGGYVMREPQSWXER]TEVXSJXLIEVQ[VMWXLERHSVJMRKIVWHYIXSVITIXMXMZI[SVOWYGLEWGSQTYXIVOI]FSEVHMRKSVWGVI[HVMZIVYWI8LI]QE]EJJIGXXLIQYWGPIWNSMRXWSVXIRHSRWLIEXLW4VIZIRXEXMZIQIEWYVIWMRGPYHIVIKYPEVFVIEOW