human powered producing potable water for developing countries
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Reverse Osmosis. Human Powered Producing Potable Water for Developing Countries. Dustin Drake and Michael Solley Florida Atlantic University Department of Ocean and Mechanical Engineering. Global Water Crisis. One billion people do not have access to clean drinking water. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Human Powered
Producing Potable Water for Developing Countries
Dustin Drake and Michael Solley
Florida Atlantic UniversityDepartment of Ocean and Mechanical Engineering
Reverse Osmosis
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Global Water CrisisOne billion people do not have
access to clean drinking water.
3.6 million people die each year from water-related diseases.
98% of water-related deaths occur in the developing world.
A person can only live for a few days without water.
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Reverse OsmosisTwo liquids of different concentrations
separated by semi-permeable membraneLess saturated naturally flows into more
saturatedPressure is applied to reverse this
process and is known as reverseosmosis or RO
Dirty water flows throughmembrane thereby filtering it
dirty water clean water
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Reverse OsmosisAdvantages: Disadvantages:Finest filtration methodFilters chemicals,
bacteria, virusesNo chemicals neededRelatively simple
process
High pressure requirement
Slow production rateUses lots of water to
producePretreatment needed
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Power SourceNon-Renewable: Renewable:ElectricityGasCoalNuclear
GeothermalWindSolarHuman Power
ElectricityGasCoalNuclear
GeothermalWindSolar
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Design…Bicycle driven reverse osmosis system
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Components: BicycleSimple, natural motionEase of useRelatively low cost
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Components: Jerry Can TankHolds to be purified
5 gallonsStrong constructionLong lasting
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Components: Hand Air PumpApplies pressure to tank
SimpleLow costEasy to fix/replace
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Components: APEC RO-CTOPPurifies water
Highly efficientRelatively low cost4 stages of filtration
Sediment filter Activated carbon filter RO membrane Activated carbon filter
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Process1. Fill dirty (fresh) water into tank and seal it
Water passes through pre-filters removing large sediment2. Pedal bike
Gears turn, driving linkage system to slide pump back and forth3. Pump pressurizes tank, thus forcing water through the
system4. Water travels through first two filters and splits into 2 routes
Rinse water and water to be purified5. Water travels through RO membrane being purified
Rinse water passes over membrane continually cleaning it6. Purified water passes through last filter and exits
Rinse water exits device
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Numerical AnalysisPower requirement:
P = Q*p(P: Power, Q: volumetric flow rate, p: pressure)
p = 100 psiQ = 19 gal/hr
P = 0.019 HP
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Practical FeasibilityOnly 0.02 HP neededPerson can provide 0.10 HP for 8 hrs
10 min per gallonOne person needs ½ gallon daily5 min per person per day
Cost: $400
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Other ConsiderationsRO membrane last for 3-4 years
Bicycle can be used for transport
Rinse water used for cleaning, cooking, irrigation, etc.
Small village could have clean water for only $400
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ConclusionViable
Efficient
Economical
Effective