From Martin Luther King to From Martin Luther King to nowadaysnowadays

- United Nations General Assembly.- Paris, December 10th, 1948.- Fundamental human rights to be universally protected.

A milestone document in the history of human rights.

- All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.- Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person.- No one shall be held in slavery or servitude.- No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.- Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion, and to freedom of opinion and expression.- Men and women of full age have the right to marry and to found a family.- Everyone has the right to rest and leisure.- Everyone has the right to have a cultural life.

Article 261- Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, at least in the elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be compulsory. Technical and professional education shall be made generally available and higher education shall be equally accessible to all on the basis of merit. 2- Education shall be directed to the full development of the human personality and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. It shall promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations, racial or religious groups, and shall further the activities of the United Nations for the maintenance of peace. 3- Parents have a prior right to choose the kind of education that shall be given to their children.

The world's first international human rights instrument.

- Nations of the Americas.- Bogota, April, 1948.- Organization of American States (OAS)- The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR)- The Inter-American Court of Human Rights

The Pact of San Jose

- Nations of the Americas.- San José, Costa Rica, 1969.- The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR)- The Inter-American Court of Human Rights

Both instruments have constitutional status in our country

- African American (about 12% of the population). - The civil rights movement (in the US).

- Montgomery Bus Boycott - Student sit-in

- Freedom riders- The Civil Rights Act of 1964.- The Voting Rights Act of 1965.- Affirmative action (since the 1960s).

- The Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), 1957.- The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), 1909.- The National Organization for Women (NOW), 1966.

There exist more than seventy NGOs for Human Civil Rights throughout

the world.

NGOs for Human Civil Rights in the US

Born: 15, 1929Atlanta, Georgia ,U.S. A.

Died : 4, 1968 (aged 39)Memphis, Tennessee, U.S. A.

Influenced by Jesus, Abraham Lincoln, Mahatma Gandhi,

Howard Thurman, Leo Tolstoy

Political movement African-American Civil Rights Movement,

Peace movement

Religion Baptist (he was an American clergyman

activist)

1955 Montgomery Bus Boycott : protests against bus segregationBlack students started a student sit-in1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom1963 :he was assassinated in November. Kennedy's Civil Rights bill was being debated by Congress, but the new president, Lyndon Johnson get the legislation passed: 1964 Civil Rights Act

Born in Greenville, South Carolina in 1941

Civil rights leader / Reverend

Founded Rainbow PUSH Coalition

“Racism is a deeply ingrained congenital deformity in the U.S. It is at the root of our society, and it is the rot of our national character.”

1965 participated in the Selma-to-Montgomery civil rights march

1963 Operation Breadbasket organization created by the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)

1971 Jackson left Operation Breadbasket. Establish his own organization Operation PUSH Numerous accusations of extortion and corruption

have dogged PUSH’s activities 1991 was elected a “shadow Senator” from

Washington

- 1975-1983: state terrorism, “dirty war”.- 1976: coup d’état, dictatorship.- 1980: Adolfo Pérez Esquivel was awarded with the Nobel Peace Prize.

- 1983: Democracy returns.- 1984: “Never again” report, by the National Commission on the Disappearance of Persons (CONADEP, in Spanish).

- 1985: The Trial of the Juntas.

- 1986, 1987: Full Stop Law, Law of Due Obedience.

- 1988: “Humans Rights Now” tour on behalf of Amnesty International.

- 1989, 1990: Presidential pardon.- 1998: “Trials for the truth”, La Plata.- 2010: Granmothers of the Plaza de Mayo are nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize.