hydraulic energy converters

8/20/2019 Hydraulic Energy Converters

1/87

2005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems 1

Hydraulic energy convertersPumps and motors

There is a geometrical volume hich is in principle displaced! V g

The ideal "geometrical# $lo rate is! Q g %n·V g

There are other e$$ects hich reduce the $lo rate!

Qc & compressi'ility

Qe & gas and vapour enclosures

⇒ Q r %Q &Qc &Qe

'ut these are neglected in the practice.

In reality there are lea(ages! Q %η vol )Q g

*eneral!

Q

+ p Q g

n1 , n2

Q


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M

n

M mot

M f

M th M m- M i

Hydraulic energy convertersPumps and motors

M

n

M pump

M f M m- M

i

M th

Pump otor

osses! m & mechanical $ & $riction i & inertial

egree o$ irregularity!

pV

M pQ M P g th g thth ∆⋅=⇒∆⋅=⋅=π

ω 2

i f mth M M M M M +++= ( )i f mth M M M M M ++−=

avQ

QQ minma −=δ


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Hydraulic pumps and motorsPump types!

*ear Pumps

4$$ centeredinternal gear

pump

enteredinternalgear

pump /gerotor

pump

Scre pump

7ane pump

(forgóvezérlőpályás,külső beömlésű)

(állóvezérlőpályás, külsőbeömlésű)

8adial Piston Pumps

9 ternalgear pump

: ial Piston Pumps

Tilting 'loc(

Stationarycylinder

'loc(

8otatingcylinder

'loc(

Tiltingcam plate


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2005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems ;

Hydraulic pumps and motorsotor types!Properties:• generally ig spee!

(n" #$$%&$'$$$ min %&)• lo spee! ig tor *e %+ -.

(n" $,#%&'$$$ min %&)

/ear motor

/erotor motor

0ane motor

1a!ial piston motor

2nternal ra!ial piston motor itm*ltiple stroke

3ent a4is piston motor

tan!ing s aft, m*ltiplestroke

tan!ing o*sing, m*ltiplestroke

.ilting 5am plate 6 s asplate

74ial piston motors

8ogazot

t%gyűrűsvagybolygókerekesmotor

1a!iál%!*gatty9s motor belső!*gatty9 támasztással

.öbblöketű ra!iál%!*gatty9s motor külső!*gatty9 támasztással

74iál!*gatty9s motor fer!e tengelyeskivitelben

llótengelyes többlöketűa4iál!*gatty9s motor

lló ázas többlöketűa4iál!*gatty9s motor

74iál!*gatty9s motor fer!etár5sáskivitelben


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Gear pumps

*ear pumps $unction!elivery is done 'y the $act that less

volume is enclosed in the room 'et eenthe teeth than delivered at the outeredge.

The geometrical displacement volume is

the di$$erence o$ the t o.

here R is the outer radiusr is the radius o$ the last contact point<b is the 'readth<= is the num'er o$ teethm is the module

is a pro$ile constant

Rr

( ) #2"2or; 2 x z mbV r Rr bV g g +⋅⋅⋅=−⋅⋅⋅= π π


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Gear motorsBunction!

8ela!at*k• i!ra*lik*s energiát me5 anikai energiává

alak;tanak• nyomás ⇐ fa


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!cre" pumps

Properties $unction!

arger losses 'ecause o$ a longer path larger $riction

High costs 'ecause o$ lo tolerances sensitivity to viscosity

s! pitch

a $lo rate! 3000 l/s

a pressure! 1A0 'ar η % 0 65 0 A

There are no scre motors

@o pulsations no noise continuous operation

( )

−⋅⋅−−=

;

2sin

360;

222 α α π π s # sd #V g


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Vane pumps

Pump types!

a# Single acting & displacement volume adEusta'le '# ou'le acting & displacement volume constant

$or single acting pumps s is the thic(ness o$ the vanes

# ! ma imum diameter o$ theinner curve

d ! minimum diameter o$ theinner curve

a# '#

7anes can 'e pressed against circum$erence 'y springs or 'y pressure

$or multiple acting pumps

$ ! num'er o$ the e centricity 'ulges "usually 2#

( ) s z #ebV g ⋅−= π 2

( ) −⋅⋅−−⋅⋅= 2;22 d # z b$ d #$ bV g π


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Radial piston pumps

Pump types!o ith valve

ithout valve

• The sha$t and the e centric rotate the rest is stationary. There

are t o valves. There is a semicircular slit here the $luid canenter into the cylinder.• any di$$erent $orms• a Q! 600 l/min ma ∆ p! 630 'ar η % 0 D 0 >

Here ith valve!



Radial piston pumps

Properties!

• ong li$e lo ear 'ecause o$ good lu'rication• Higher noise uneven delivery• Sensitive to contamination• 9 centricity can 'e governed over 0 too

• Bor motor applications mostly at lo speed 1 10 rpm• 8elative 'ul(y

z ed

V g ⋅⋅⋅= 2;

2π



%!H motorsonstruction o$ one stro(e radial piston motors!

+ -. egylöketű ra!iál!*gatty9s motorokfelép;tése

8adial piston motors o$ 8 type@1 t;p*s9 ra!iál!*gatty9s motorok

8ontos $$$ Cm%ig

Important properties!isplacement 10 D500 cm 3a . pressure 300 'ar

Speed 0 5 2000 min 1

a . torCue to 32000 @m


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&xial piston pumps

Pump types!Tilting cam plane

• ompact small eight• *ood e$$iciency• ong li$e•

Gsed more as motors than as pumps• an 'e governed through 0 e change o$ delivery direction

• V g is o$ten adEusta'le 'y the angle

• ' % 0 D 0 >< (p max % 315 'ar< Qmax % 1200 l/min

Tilting 'loc(

Properties!

;tan

2π α

d # z V $ g ⋅⋅⋅=



&xial piston pumps

:dEusting mechanisms

V

s

The V g and thus Q can 'e governed or controlledthrough various mechanisms!

a# *overning mechanisms!• echanical "'y hand#

• 9lectromechanical "'y electromotor#• hydraulic

In all the three cases it has to 'e ensured that the ma imum angle ordisplacement is not overstepped.



&xial piston pumps:dEusting mechanisms "cont.#

'# ontrol mechanisms!• ero displacement control "energy saving#! provides e actly the

necessary $lo rate hich covers the lea(age $lo

• Pressure control! provides a constant pressure independently o$ 7 g

• Blo control! provides a constant $lo rate can use 7 g or ncontrol

• Po er control! provides a constant po er "more complicated#


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)ig pictures

9nd o$ normal presentationeginning o$ 'ig pictures


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Pump types

9 ternal gear pump


19/872005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems 1>

Pump types

4$$ centered internal gear pump



Pump types

entered internal gear pump / gerotor pump



Pump types

Scre pump



Pump types

7ane pump


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Pump types

8adial piston pump ith stationary cylinder 'loc(


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Pump types

8adial piston pump ith rotating cylinder 'loc(


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Pump types

: ial piston pump ith tilting 'loc(


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Pump types

: ial piston pump ith tilting cam plate

d l


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Hydraulic motor types

*ear motor

d li


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*erotor motor

H d li


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7ane motor

H d li


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8adial piston motor

H d li


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Internal radial piston motor ith multiple stro(e

H d li t t


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ent a is piston motor

H d li t t


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: ial piston motor ith tilting cam plate

H d li t t


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: ial piston motor ith $i ed sha$t multiple stro(e

H d li t t


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: ial piston pump ith $i ed housing multiple stro(e

*xternal gear pump


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*xternal gear pump

Bunction! Aülsőfogazás9 fogaskerékszivatty9műkö!ése

/>, /? és /D t;p*s9 fogaskerék%szivatty9k8ontos


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*xternal gear pump

onstruction

*xternal gear pump


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*xternal gear pump

onstruction

+nternal gear pump


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+nternal gear pump

Bunction 3elsőfogazás9 fogaskerékszivatty9műkö!ése

tabil i!ra*likábanalkalmazzák'• ala5sony za


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2005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems ;0

+nternal gear pump

onstruction

1 Housing 2 Blange 3 Sha$t ith e ternal

tooth gear

; Internal tooth

gear

+nternal gear pump


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+nternal gear pump

onstruction

Gear pump


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Gear pump

Bunction

Rr

Gear motor


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Gear motor

onstruction

Gear motor


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2005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems ;;

Gear motor

onstruction

!cre" pump


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!cre pump

Vane pumps+apátos szivatty9k


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Vane pumps

ou'le acting

apátos s vatty9műkö!ése

H' lapát mögött nyomás B' kenés miatt kettős lapát I' orony a lapát5s95s oz

>' kétszeresene45entrik*s gyűrű

?' sz;vás kez!ete D' ma4imális térfogat #' kiszor;tás

E' kettős löket

ac(

9llipticalcam ring ou'le

stro(e

Start o$ suction a imal displacement ischarge

Pressure 'ehind the

vaneual vane $or

lu'ricationham$er to the

vane top

A A1 FF <

Vane pumps+apátos szivatty9kfelép;tése


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2005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems ;A

Vane pumps

Single acting

Aözvetlen vezérlésű szárnylapátos szivatty9

Aözvetlen vezérlésű (bal) és elővezérelt (


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Vane pump

9lliptical cam ring

Vane pump


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Vane pump

Start o$ suction

Vane pump


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Vane pump

a imal displacement

Vane pump


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Vane pump

ischarge

Vane pump


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Vane pump

ou'le stro(e

Vane pump


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Va e pu p

Pressure 'ehind the vane

Vane pump


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p p

ual vane $or lu'rication

Vane pump


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p p

ham$er to the vane top

A A1 FF <

Vane pump


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p p

8otor and vanes

Vane pump


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p p

irect controlled "le$t# and pressure compensated"right# vane pump

Vane pump


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p p

irect controlled vane pump

Vane pump


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p p

onstruction


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Radial piston pumps


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Jith internal eccentric sha$t 1a!iál%!*gatty9s szivatty9 belső!*gatty9támasztással

Radial piston pumps


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Jor(ing phases

Radial piston pumps


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8adial piston pumps o$ 8; type

Radial piston pumps


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Pulsation o$ the $lo rate ith 1 2 3 ; pump elements


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Radial piston motors


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SHT motor o$ 8 type



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SHT motor o$ 8 type



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SHT motoro$ 8 type

&xial piston pumps


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: ial piston pumps ith tilting cam plate Principle o$ operation

7 fer!e tár5sa elve állan!ó vagy változtat ató billenési szöggel

ll;t ató térfogatáram9 szivatty9 elektromos%i!ra*lik*s áll;tással, for!*latszám%függő

szabályozássalés ráép;tett segé!szivatty9val

7aria'le displacement a ial piston pumpith speed dependent electro hydraulic

adEustment and 'ooster motor Principle o$ tilting cam plate ith $i ed and varia'leangle

&xial piston pumps


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2005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems A0

: ial piston pumps ith tilting cam platell;t ató szivatty9 zárt körfolyamat oz,

7D0/ t;p*s

ll;t ató szivatty9 nyitott körfolyamat oz,7&$0J t;p*s

onstructions

ac(

:dEusta'le pump $or opencircuit :1074 type

:dEusta'le pump $or closecircuit :;7* type

&xial piston pumps


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Jith tilting cam plate

&xial piston pumps


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&xial piston pumps


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&xial piston pumps


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&xial piston pumps


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rive sha$tPistons

Piston sur$aceStro(e lengtham plate

:ngleylinder 'arrel

Port plate

4utlet port

Inlet port

&xial piston pumps


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Pump types! : ial piston pumps ith tilting cam plane

&xial piston pumps


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&xial piston pumps


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: ial piston pumps ith tilting 'loc(

llan!ó folya!ékszáll;tás9 egység k9pos

!*gatty9s a


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2005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems A>

: ial piston pumps ith tilting 'loc( onstructions

8er!e tengelyű, k9pos!*gatty9s a8 t;p*s9 állan!ó térfogatáram9 egység(a billenési szög rögz;tett), mint szivatty9vagy motor nyitottés zárt körfolyamok oz

7H0J t;p*s9 változtat ató térfogatáram9egység (a billenési szög áll;t ató), mintszivatty9

nyitott körfolyamokban

ent a is piston pumpmade ith ;0K angletechnology $i ed

angle

:dEusta'le pump o$:A74 type $or opencircuit

Bi ed $lo rate pump o$:2B type $or open orclosed circuit "also asmotor#

ac(


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&xial piston pumps


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2005/2006 I. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems D1

Jith tilting 'loc(

&xial piston pumps


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Jith tilting 'loc(

&xial piston pumps


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Jith tilting 'loc(

&xial piston pumps


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Jith tilting 'loc(

&xial piston pumps


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Jith tilting 'loc(

&xial piston pumps


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Jith tilting 'loc(

&xial piston pumps


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Jith tilting 'loc(

hydraulic energy converters

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