hystory of perspective

7/27/2019 Hystory of Perspective

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Last update: Sept. 19, 2003

CK

``The first object of the painter

is to make a flat plane appear

as a body in relief and

projecting from that plane.''

Leonardo da Vinci (b. 1452,

Vinci, Republic of Florence

[now in Italy]

-d. May 2, 1519, Cloux, Fr.) Annunciation - 1472-75 circa - Uffizi Gallery

lications on (technical) Drawing inPerspective :

Linear Perspective: Its history, directions for construction, and aspects in the environment and in the fine arts, by Willy A. Brtschi, 1981.

Drawing, a creative process, by Francis D.K. Chin, 1990.

Introduction to Architectural Presentation Graphics, 1998, A.W. Griffin & V. Alvarez-Brunicardi.

TeX references.

me web links of interest:

e Art Studio Chalkboard -Drawing

Focuses on the technical fundamentals of (linear) perspective.

http://www2.evansville.edu/studiochalkboard/draw.html

Art of Renaissance Science: Galileo and Perspective

ToC: http://www.crs4.it/Ars/arshtml/arstoc.html

Chapter on

"From Human

Architecture to

Architectural

Structure"

explains the

origin of

(linear)

perspective

as an art and

science during

the Italian

Renaissance

epoch. Boromini's collonade in Rome.

Theory, History and Practice of Perspective directed by Toms Garca-Salgado

http://perspectivegeometry.com/

Linear Perspective: Its history, directions for construction, and aspects in theenvironment and in the fine arts

by Willy A. Brtschi

1981.

Drawing, a creative process

Francis D.K. Ching

1990
http://www.crs4.it/Ars/arshtml/arch4.htmlhttp://www.lems.brown.edu/vision/people/leymarie/Refs/VisualArt/Figs/BorominiAnnunciationRome.jpghttp://www.lems.brown.edu/vision/people/leymarie/Refs/VisualArt/Figs/BorominiAnnunciationRome.jpghttp://perspectivegeometry.com/http://www.crs4.it/Ars/arshtml/arch4.htmlhttp://www.lems.brown.edu/vision/people/leymarie/Refs/VisualArt/Figs/BorominiAnnunciationRome.jpghttp://www.crs4.it/Ars/arshtml/arch1.htmlhttp://www.crs4.it/Ars/arshtml/arstoc.htmlhttp://www2.evansville.edu/studiochalkboard/draw.htmlhttp://www.lems.brown.edu/vision/people/leymarie/Refs/VisualArt/DrawPerspective.bibhttp://www.uffizi.firenze.it/http://www.lems.brown.edu/vision/people/leymarie/Refs/VisualArt/Figs/VinciAnnunciation.jpghttp://www.lems.brown.edu/vision/people/leymarie/Refs/TopNode.html


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Introduction to Architectural Presentation Graphics

Anthony W. Griffin & Victor Alvarez-Brunicardi

Prentice Hall, 1998. 326 pages.

Notes

Ch.6 Two-Point Perspectives


3/9Picture Plane (image plane)


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Imaginary transparent plane onto which the object is being projected.

Any part of an object that "touches" the picture plane will be to scale; hence:

It is always to one's advantage to locate the picture plane such that is passes through a corner of the object being drawn.

Gives you a true height-line, from which all vertical heights can be measured.

Direct Line of Vision (principal line)

Imaginary line from the Station Point to the Picture plane (perpendicularly).

It should be located so as to intersect with some point of interest on the building.

Station Point (Camera Station)

If the station point is too close to the picture plane, the perspective view becomes overly "distorted"; to prevent this, use the "cone of vision".

Cone of Vision

Station Point as vertex. Opening angle usually varies between 30 and 60 degrees.

Most of the object of interest should be within the cone to avoid distortions.

3D cone: not only width and depth, but also height of the object of interest should fall within this cone.

Sight Rays

Used to project points from the plan to the picture plane and then down to the perspective.

They must always originate from the Station Point.

Plan View (Floor Plane)

This is a floor plane drawn to scale, viewed from above (aerial viewpoint), upon which are plotted points.

It can be plotted above or below the actual perspective view.

Plan Angle (azimuth)

Angle between the floor plan and picture plan.

This angle determines the emphasis put on each primary sides of the object.

Ground Line

Intersection of the Ground Plane and the Picture Plane.

All vertical measurements are taken from the Ground Line.

Horizon Line

Line formed by the intersection of the Horizon Plane and the Picture Plane.

The height of the horizon line corresponds to the eye-level height of the observer.

The location of the horizon line determines whether you will be looking down or up to the object being drawn.

True-Height Line

Occurs whenever a part of the object touches the picture plane.

True-Height Lines can be located at any point in the perspective view simply by projecting a point from the plan to the picture plane (central projection w/r to the Station Point).

A perpendicular is then projected from the picture plane down to the Ground Line.


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Ch.7 One-Point Perspectives

Plan Angle is always parallel to the picture plane.

Objects that touches and are parallel to the picture plane are drawn in a simple orthographic view.

Ch.8 Alternate Perspective-Plotting Methods

Perspective Charts

Use a pre-defined perspective grid and a vertical unit scale (that scale can always be re-adjusted through multiples).

Each chart is identified with an angle value representing the plan position of the object in relation to the picture plane.

Most commercially available charts come in:3 plan angle configurations: 30/60, 45 & 0 (the latter corresponds to a 1PtP).

3 view types:

normal (distance of 5 to 6 feet between the Horizon and Ground Lines)

intermediate (taken from a height of 10 to 15 feet for producing 2nd-floor views).

bird's eye view (large height)


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Photographic Perspective

Uses photos or videos of existing buildings.

Additions and/or renovations can be drawn using VPs within the photograph.Use a measuring device (tape, rope, ...) to provide accurate scale info. in the photo.

Page created & maintained by Frederic Leymarie, 1998-2003

Comments, suggestions, etc., mail to: [email protected]
mailto:[email protected]://www.lems.brown.edu/~leymarie

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