H$Zm©Q>H$ gaH$ma

qhXr gw_Z

àW_ ^mfm {h§XrHindi First Language

AmR>dt H$jm Eighth Standard

Karnataka Text Book Society (R.)100 Ft. Ring Road, BSK 3rd Stage,

Bengaluru - 560 085.

8

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

II

PREFACE The Textbook Society, Karnataka has been engaged in producing new textbooks according to the new syllabi prepared which in turn are designed based on NCF – 2005 since June 2010. Textbooks are prepared in 11 languages, seven of them serve as the media of instruction. From standard 1 to 4 there is the EVS and 5th to 10th there are three core subjects namely mathematics, science and social science.

NCF- 2005 has a number special features and they are:• Connectingknowledgetolifeactivities• Learningtoshiftfromrotemethods• Enrichingthecurriculumbeyondtextbooks• Learningexperiencesfortheconstructionofknowledge• Makingexaminationsflexibleandintegratingthemwith

classroomexperiences• Caring concernswithin the democratic policy of the

country• Makeeducationrelevanttothepresentandfutureneeds.• Softeningthesubjectboundariesintegratedknowledge

andthejoyoflearning.• Thechildistheconstructorofknowledge.

TheNewbooksareproducedbasedonthreefundamentalapproachesnamely.

Constructive approach, Spiral Approach and Integratedapproach.

The Learner is encouraged to think, engage in activities,master skills and competencies. Thematerials presented inthesebooksareintegratedwithvalues.Thenewbooksarenotexaminationorientedintheirnature.Ontheotherhandtheyhelpthelearnerinthetotaldevelopmentofhis/herpersonality,thushelphim/herbecomeahealthymemberofahealthysocietyandaproductivecitizenofthisgreatcountryIndia.

Language textbooksaredesigned tohelp learnersmastercommunicative competencies, excellent comprehension,meaningfulexpressionandefficientreferenceskills.

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

III

Englishisstudiedbymoststudentsasthesecondlanguage.TeachershavetokeepinmindthethreefundamentalapproachesbasedonwhichthereadershavebeendesignedandadapttheirteachingmethodsandhelplearnersmasterlanguageskillsandcompetenciesandhelpthembecomeexcellentusersofEnglish.

Schools in Karnataka offer seven languages amedia ofinstructionandeightasfirstlanguagesandtenlanguagesareofferedasthirdlanguage.Theobjectiveistohelpthelearnerstousethese languagesefficientlyatthecommunicative level.It is hoped that at least a cross section of learners achievecompetenciestousetheselanguagesatthecreativelevel.

Teachersareexpectedtoadapttheirteachingmethodsnottomakethesetextbooksjustfeedmaterialsforexaminations,but help learnersmaster language competencies such ascommunication, comprehension, expression in writing andnecessaryreferenceskills.ThereisgoingtobeasourcebookforteachersinKannada1stlanguage,English2ndLanguageandHindi3rdLanguage.Pleasemakeuseofthesesourcebooksandmaketeachingveryeffective.

The Textbook Society expresses grateful thanks to thechairpersons,writers,scrutinisers,artists,staffofDIETsandCTEsandthemembersoftheEditorialBoardinhelpingtheTextBookSocietyinproducingthesetextbooks.

Place:BengaluruDate:1-3-2012

NagendrakumarManagingDirector

KarnatakaTextbookSociety®Bangalore,Karnataka.

Prof. G S MudambadithayaCoordinator

KarnatakaTextbookSociety®Bangalore,Karnatka

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

IV

àñVmdZm

amï´>r` {ejm Zr{V Ho$ AZwgma `h nmR>²` nwñVH$ "[h§Xr gw_Z' V¡`ma

H$s J`r h¡Ÿ& nmR>m| H$m M`Z H$aVo g_` ~ÀMm| Ho$ gd©Vmo_wIr {dH$mg H$mo

Ü`mZ _| aIm J`m h¡Ÿ& AV… OrdZ _yë`, M[aÌ-{Z_m©U, CËH¥$ï> ì`{º$Ëd,

Xoeào_, ~{bXmZ, Eo{Vhm{gH$ _hËd, draVm, g§doXZm, Z¡{VH$Vm, n`m©daU

gwajm, J«m_ gwYma, ^{º$ ^mdZm, bmoH$H$bm Am{X {df`mo§ go g§~§{YV nmR>

g§H${bV h¢Ÿ&

"[h§Xr gw_Z' H$mo V¡`ma H$aZo _| AZoH$ {deofkm| Zo AnZm A_yë`

gh`moJ {X`m h¡ Am¡a nmR>²` nwñVH$ {Z_m©U g{_{V Ho$ g^r gXñ`m| Zo Z`o

nmR>²`H«$_ Ho$ AZwê$n Bg g§H$bZ H$mo ha Ñ[ï go AmH$f©H$ Ed§ kmZdY©H$

~ZmZo H$m ha g§^d à`mg {H$`m h¡Ÿ& CZ g~Ho$ à{V Am^ma àH$Q> H$aVo hþE

Amem H$aVr h±ÿ {H$ `h nwñVH$ gå`H²$ AÜ``Z-AÜ`mnZ Ho$ {bE Cn`moJr

{gÕ hmoJrŸ&

AÜ`j

nmR>²` nwñVH$ {Z_m©U g{_{V

©

KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

V

nmR²>` nwñVH$ aMZm g{_{V

AÜ`jm :

S>m°. E_. {d_bm, àmo\o$ga, {h§Xr {d^mJ, ~|Jbyé {díd{dÚmb`, ~|Jbyé - 560 056.

gXñ` :

lr{Zdmg Ho$. n§Mm[a`m, godm{Zd¥Îm _w»`mÜ`mnH$, JwboXJwS²>S> - 587203.

gwYmH$a _hoÝÐH$a, gaH$mar hmB©ñHy$b, Zmam`Unwa - 585327.

{ñ_Vm E_. Ama., lr H$mdoar g§`wŠV n.ny>. H$m°boO, Hw$d|nw ZJa, _¡gyé - 570 023.

S>m°. emo^m amd, àmMm`m©, Z§Xr nr.`y. H$m°boO, ~ëbmar - 583101.

OJXre ~r.Ho$., {h§Xr {ejH$, g~a_{V g§`wŠV hmB©ñHy$b, gwJQy>a (H$mobma) lr g§O` eoQ²>Q>r., {MÌH$bm {ejH$, lrdëbr hmB©ñHy$b, {MÌmnwa, ^Q²>H$b Vm, CÎma H$ÞS> {O.

n[aerbH$ :

àmo. Q>r. gr. {gX²>Yam_oe, Eg.Oo.Ama. _hm{dX²>`mb`, ~|Jbyé - 560 009.

AÜ`j, g§nmXH$ _§S>b :

S>m°. Q>r. Or. à^me§H$a "ào_r', nyd© AÜ`j, {h§Xr {d^mJ, ~|Jbyé {díd{dÚmb`,

~|Jbyé - 560 056.

àYmZ g§`moOH$ :

lr {O. Eg. _wS>§~{S>Îmm`, g§`moOH$, nmR²>` nwñVH$ aMZm g{_{V, H$Zm©Q>H$ nmR²>` nwñVH$ g§K, ~|Jbyé - 560 085.

ghm`Vm Am¡a _mJ©Xe©Z:

lr. ZmJoÝÐHw$_ma, à~§Y {ZXoeH$$,H$Zm©Q>H$ nmR²>` nwñVH$ g§K, ~|Jbyé.

lr_Vr gr. ZmJ_{U, Cn{ZXoeH$, H$Zm©Q>H$ nmR²>` nwñVH$ g§K, ~|Jbyé.

lr_Vr O`bú_r gr.S>r., ghm`H$ {ZXoeH$, H$Zm©Q>H$ nmR²> nwñVH$ g§K, ~|Jbyé.

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

VI

¥ÀjµÀÌgÀuÉ PÀÄjvÀÄ

MAzÀjAzÀ ºÀvÀÛ£Éà vÀgÀUÀwAiÀÄ ¥ÀoÀå¥ÀĸÀÛPÀUÀ¼À §UÉÎ ¥ÀæPÀlUÉÆAqÀ

¸ÁªÀðd¤PÀ C©ü¥ÁæAiÀÄUÀ¼À£ÀÄß UÀªÀĤ¹ ªÀiÁ£Àå ªÀÄÄRåªÀÄAwæAiÀĪÀgÀÆ

CxÀð¸ÀaªÀgÀÆ DVgÀĪÀ ²æà ¹zÀÝgÁªÀÄAiÀÄå£ÀªÀgÀÄ vÀªÀÄä 2014-15gÀ

§eÉmï£À°è vÀdÕgÀ ¸À«ÄwAiÀÄ£ÀÄß gÀa¸ÀĪÀ WÉÆõÀuÉ ªÀiÁrzÀgÀÄ. vÀdÕgÀÄ

C£ÀĸÀj¸À¨ÉÃPÁzÀ ªÀÄÆ® D±ÀAiÀĪÀ£ÀÄß »ÃUÉ ºÉýzÀgÀÄ: “¥ÀoÀå¥ÀĸÀÛPÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß

¸ÁªÀiÁfPÀ ¸ÁªÀÄgÀ¸Àå, £ÉÊwPÀªÀiË®åUÀ¼ÀÄ, ªÀåQÛvÀé«PÀ¸À£À, ªÉÊeÁÕ¤PÀ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ

ªÉÊZÁjPÀ ªÀÄ£ÉÆèsÁªÀ, eÁvÁåwÃvÀvÉ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ gÁ¶ÖçÃAiÀÄ §zÀÞvÉUÀ½UÉ

C£ÀĪÁUÀĪÀAvÉ vÀdÕgÀ ¸À«ÄwAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ¥ÀÄ£ÀgïgÀa¸À¯ÁUÀĪÀÅzÀÄ” - EzÀÄ

§eÉmï ¨sÁµÀtzÀ°è ¸ÁzÀgÀ¥Àr¹zÀ D±ÀAiÀÄ.

D£ÀAvÀgÀ ²PÀët E¯ÁSÉAiÀÄÄ MAzÀjAzÀ ºÀvÀÛ£Éà vÀgÀUÀwAiÀĪÀgÉV£À

¥ÀoÀå¥ÀĸÀÛPÀUÀ¼À ¥ÀjµÀÌgÀuÉUÁV 27 ¸À«ÄwUÀ¼À£ÀÄß gÀa¹ ¢£ÁAPÀ:

24.11.2014 gÀAzÀÄ DzÉñÀ ºÉÆgÀr¹vÀÄ. F ¸À«ÄwUÀ¼ÀÄ «µÀAiÀĪÁgÀÄ

ªÀÄvÀÄÛ vÀgÀUÀwªÁgÀÄ ªÀiÁ£ÀzÀAqÀPÀÌ£ÀÄUÀÄtªÁV gÀavÀªÁzÀªÀÅ. ««zsÀ

¥ÀoÀ嫵ÀAiÀÄUÀ½UÉ ¸ÀA§A¢ü¹zÀ vÀdÕgÀÄ, CzsÁå¥ÀPÀgÀÄ F ¸À«ÄwUÀ¼À°èzÁÝgÉ.

FUÁUÀ¯Éà °TvÀªÁV §A¢gÀĪÀ C£ÉÃPÀ DPÉëÃ¥ÀUÀ¼ÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ «±ÉèõÀuÉUÀ¼À£ÀÄß

¥Àj²Ã°¹, vÀ¥ÀÄà M¥ÀÄàUÀ¼À §UÉÎ ¤tð¬Ä¹ ¥ÀoÀå¥ÀĸÀÛPÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ¥ÀjµÀÌj¸ÀĪÀ

ºÉÆuɺÉÆvÀÛ F ¸À«ÄwUÀ½UÉ ‘CUÀvÀå«zÀÝ°è ¥ÀoÀåªÀ¸ÀÄÛªÀ£ÀÄß ¥ÀjµÀÌj¹ £ÀAvÀgÀ

¥ÀoÀå¥ÀĸÀÛPÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ¥ÀjµÀÌj¸ÀĪÀ’ ¸ÁévÀAvÀæöåªÀ£ÀÄß 24.11.2014gÀ DzÉñÀzÀ¯ÉèÃ

¤ÃqÀ¯ÁVvÀÄÛ. D£ÀAvÀgÀ 19.09.2015 gÀAzÀÄ ºÉƸÀ DzÉñÀ ºÉÆgÀr¹

‘CUÀvÀå«zÀÝ°è ¥ÀÄ£Àgï gÀa¸ÀĪÀ’ ¸ÁévÀAvÀæöåªÀ£ÀÄß ¤ÃqÀ¯Á¬ÄvÀÄ. »ÃUÉ ¸ÀªÀÄUÀæ

¥ÀjµÀÌgÀuÉUÉÆAqÀ ¥ÀoÀå¥ÀĸÀÛPÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß 2016-17gÀ §zÀ®Ä 2017-18£Éà ±ÉÊPÀëtÂPÀ

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

VII

ªÀµÀðzÀ°è eÁjUÉƽ¸À¯ÁUÀĪÀÅzÉAzÀÄ EzÉà DzÉñÀzÀ°è w½¸À¯Á¬ÄvÀÄ.

C£ÉÃPÀ ªÀåQÛUÀ¼ÀÆ ¸ÀAWÀl£ÉUÀ¼ÀÆ ¸ÀéAiÀÄA¥ÉæÃjvÀgÁV ¥ÀoÀå¥ÀĸÀÛPÀUÀ¼À

ªÀiÁ»wzÉÆõÀ, D±ÀAiÀÄzÉÆõÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ¥ÀnÖªÀiÁr ²PÀët ÀaªÀjUÉ, ¥ÀoÀå¥ÀĸÀÛPÀ

¸ÀAWÀPÉÌ PÀ¼ÀÄ»¹zÀÝgÀÄ. CªÀÅUÀ¼À ¥Àj²Ã®£ÉªÀiÁrzÀÝ®èzÉ, ¸À«ÄwUÀ¼ÁZÉUÉ

C£ÉÃPÀ ¸ÀAªÁzÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß K¥Àðr¹ «ZÁgÀ «¤ªÀÄAiÀÄ ªÀiÁrPÉÆArzÉÝêÉÉ.

¥ÁæxÀÀ«ÄPÀ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¥ËæqsÀ±Á¯Á CzsÁå¥ÀPÀgÀ ¸ÀAWÀUÀ¼À eÉÆvÉ ZÀað¹zÀÝ®èzÉ

¥Àæ±ÁߪÀ½ ¹zÀÞ¥Àr¹ CzsÁå¥ÀPÀjUÉ PÀ½¹ C©ü¥ÁæAiÀÄUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ¸ÀAUÀ滸À¯ÁVzÉ.

CzsÁå¥ÀPÀgÀÄ, «µÀAiÀÄ¥Àj«ÃPÀëPÀgÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ qÀAiÀÄmï ¥ÁæA±ÀÄ¥Á®gÀ ¥ÀævÉåÃPÀ

¸À¨sÉUÀ¼À£ÀÄß £Àqɹ «±ÉèõÀuÁvÀäPÀ C©üªÀÄvÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ¥ÀqÉAiÀįÁVzÉ. «eÁÕ£À,

¸ÀªÀiÁd«eÁÕ£À, UÀtÂvÀ, ¨sÁµÉ ¸Á»vÀÀåUÀ½UÉ ¸ÀA§A¢ü¹zÀ vÀdÕjUÉ ªÉÆzÀ¯ÉÃ

¥ÀoÀå¥ÀĸÀÛPÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß PÀ¼ÀÄ»¹ D£ÀAvÀgÀ ¸À¨sÉ £Àqɹ ZÀað¸À¯ÁVzÉ. ªÀÄ»¼Á

¸ÀAWÀl£É ºÁUÀÆ «eÁÕ£À ¸ÀA§A¢ü ¸ÀA¸ÉÜUÀ¼À£ÀÄß DºÁ餹 aAvÀ£É

£ÀqɸÀ¯ÁVzÉ. »ÃUÉÀ J¯Áè ªÀÄÆ®UÀ½AzÀ ¥ÀqÉzÀ Cj«£À DzsÁgÀzÀ ªÉÄïÉ

¥ÀoÀå¥ÀĸÀÛPÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß CUÀvÀå«zÀÝPÀqÉ ¥ÀjµÀÌj¸À¯ÁVzÉ.

§ºÀĪÀÄÄRåªÁzÀ E£ÉÆßAzÀÄ ÀAUÀwAiÀÄ£ÀÄß E°è ºÉüÀ¨ÉÃPÀÄ. PÉÃA¢æÃAiÀÄ

±Á¯Á (N.C.E.R.T) ¥ÀoÀå¥ÀĸÀÛPÀUÀ¼À eÉÆvÉ gÁdåzÀ ¥ÀoÀå¥ÀĸÀÛPÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß

vË®¤PÀªÁV CzsÀåAiÀÄ£À ªÀiÁr ¸À®ºÉUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ¤ÃqÀ®Ä «eÁÕ£À, UÀtÂvÀ

ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¸ÀªÀiÁd«eÁÕ£ÀPÉÌ ¸ÀA§A¢ü¹zÀAvÉ vÀdÕgÀ ªÀÄÆgÀÄ ¸À«ÄwUÀ¼À£ÀÄß

gÀa¸À¯Á¬ÄvÀÄ. F À«ÄwUÀ¼ÀÄ ¤ÃrzÀ vË®¤PÀ «±ÉèõÀuÉ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ À®ºÉUÀ¼À£ÀÄß

DzsÀj¹ gÁdå ¥ÀoÀå¥ÀĸÀÛPÀUÀ¼À UÀÄtªÀÄlÖªÀ£ÀÄß ºÉaѸÀ¯ÁVzÉ. PÉÃA¢æÃAiÀÄ ±Á¯Á

¥ÀoÀå¥ÀĸÀÛPÀUÀ½VAvÀ £ÀªÀÄä gÁdåzÀ ¥ÀoÀå¥ÀĸÀÛPÀUÀ¼À UÀÄtªÀÄlÖ PÀrªÉÄAiÀiÁUÀzÀAvÉ

PÁAiÀÄÄÝPÉƼÀî¯ÁVzÉ. eÉÆvÉUÉ DAzsÀæ, vÀ«Ä¼ÀÄ£ÁqÀÄ, ªÀĺÁgÁµÀÖç gÁdåUÀ¼À

¥ÀoÀå¥ÀĸÀÛPÀUÀ¼À eÉÆvÉ £ÀªÀÄä ¥ÀoÀå¥ÀĸÀÛPÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ¥Àj²Ã°¸À¯ÁVzÉ.

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

VIII

E£ÉÆßAzÀÄ ¸ÀàµÀÖ£ÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ¤ÃqÀ®Ä §AiÀĸÀÄvÉÛãÉ. £ÀªÀÄä ¸À«ÄwUÀ¼ÀÄ

ªÀiÁrgÀĪÀÅzÀÄ ¥ÀjµÀÌgÀuÉAiÉÄà ºÉÆgÀvÀÄ ¥ÀoÀå¥ÀĸÀÛPÀUÀ¼À ¸ÀªÀÄUÀæ gÀZÀ£ÉAiÀÄ®è.

DzÀÝjAzÀ FUÁUÀ¯Éà gÀavÀªÁVgÀĪÀ ¥ÀoÀå¥ÀĸÀÛPÀUÀ¼À ¸ÀégÀÆ¥ÀPÉÌ J°èAiÀÄÆ

zsÀPÉÌAiÀÄÄAlĪÀiÁr®è. °AUÀvÀé ¸ÀªÀiÁ£ÀvÉ, ¥ÁæzÉòPÀ ¥Áæw¤zsÀå, gÁ¶ÖçÃAiÀÄ

¸ÀªÀÄUÀævÉ, ¸ÀªÀiÁ£ÀvÉ, ¸ÁªÀiÁfPÀ ¸ÁªÀÄgÀ¸ÀåUÀ¼À »£É߯ÉAiÀÄ°è PÉ®ªÀÅ

¥ÀjµÀÌgÀuÉUÀ¼ÀÄ £ÀqÉ¢ªÉ. »ÃUÉ ¥ÀjµÀÌj¸ÀĪÁUÀ gÁ¶ÖçÃAiÀÄ ¥ÀoÀåPÀæªÀÄ ZËPÀlÄÖ

ªÀÄvÀÄÛ gÁdå ¥ÀoÀåPÀæªÀÄ ZËPÀlÄÖUÀ¼À£ÀÄß «ÄÃj®èªÉAzÀÄ w½¸À§AiÀĸÀÄvÉÛãÉ.

eÉÆvÉUÉ £ÀªÀÄä ¸ÀA«zsÁ£ÀzÀ D±ÀAiÀÄUÀ¼À£ÀÄß C£ÀĸÀj¸À¯ÁVzÉ. ¸À«ÄwUÀ¼ÀÄ

ªÀiÁrzÀ ¥ÀjµÀÌgÀuÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ªÀÄvÉÆÛªÉÄä ¥Àj²Ã°¸À®Ä «µÀAiÀĪÁgÀÄ G£ÀßvÀ

¥Àj²Ã®£À ¸À«ÄwUÀ¼À£ÀÄß gÀa¹ C©ü¥ÁæAiÀÄ¥ÀqÉzÀÄ C¼ÀªÀr¸À¯ÁVzÉ.

»ÃUÉ PÀæªÀħzÀÞªÁV £ÀqÉzÀ PÉ®¸ÀPÉÌ vÀªÀÄä£ÀÄß vÁªÀÅ ¸ÀA¥ÀÆtð

vÉÆqÀV¹PÉÆAqÀ 27 À«ÄwUÀ¼À CzsÀåPÀëgÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ÀzÀ¸ÀågÀ£ÀÄß ºÁUÀÆ G£ÀßvÀ

¥Àj²Ã®£Á ¸À«ÄwAiÀÄ ¸ÀªÀĸÀÛgÀ£ÀÄß PÀÈvÀdÕvɬÄAzÀ £É£ÉAiÀÄÄvÉÛêÉÉ. CAvÉAiÉÄÃ

¸À«ÄwUÀ¼À PÉ®¸À ¸ÀÄUÀªÀĪÁV £ÀqÉAiÀÄĪÀAvÉ ªÀåªÀ¸ÉܪÀiÁqÀ®Ä PÁAiÀÄðPÀæªÀÄ

C¢üPÁjUÀ¼ÁV ¤µÉ׬ÄAzÀ zÀÄrzÀ ¥ÀoÀå¥ÀĸÀÛPÀ ÀAWÀzÀ J¯Áè C¢üPÁjUÀ¼À£ÀÆß

£É£ÉAiÀÄÄvÉÛÉêÉ. ¸ÀºÀPÀj¹zÀ ¹§âA¢UÀÆ £ÀªÀÄä ªÀAzÀ£ÉUÀ¼ÀÄ. C©ü¥ÁæAiÀÄ ¤Ãr

¸ÀºÀPÀj¹zÀ ¸ÀªÀð ¸ÀAWÀl£ÉUÀ¼ÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ vÀdÕjUÉ zsÀ£ÀåªÁzÀUÀ¼ÀÄ.

£ÀgÀ¹AºÀAiÀÄåªÀåªÀ¸ÁÜ¥ÀPÀ ¤zÉðñÀPÀgÀÄ

PÀ£ÁðlPÀ ¥ÀoÀå¥ÀĸÀÛPÀ ¸ÀAWÀ (j)

¨ÉAUÀ¼ÀÆgÀÄ-85

¥ÉÆæ. §gÀUÀÆgÀÄ gÁªÀÄZÀAzÀæ¥Àà¸ÀªÁðzsÀåPÀëgÀÄ

¥ÀoÀå¥ÀĸÀÛPÀ ¥ÀjµÀÌgÀt ¸À«Äw

PÀ£ÁðlPÀ ¥ÀoÀå¥ÀĸÀÛPÀ ¸ÀAWÀ (j)

¨ÉAUÀ¼ÀÆgÀÄ-85

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

IX

nmR²>` nwñVH$ n[aîH$aU g{_{V

gdm©Ü`j :

àmo. ~aJyé am_M§Ðßnm, AÜ`j, H$Zm©Q>H$ amÁ` nmR²>` nwñVH$ n[aîH$aU g{_{V, ~|Jbyé.

gh`moJ :

lr Zaqghæ`m, à~§Y {ZXoeH$, H$Zm©Q>H$ nmR²>` nwñVH$ g§K, ~|Jbyé-560085

lr_Vr. ZmJ_{U gr, Cn{ZXoeH$, H$Zm©Q>H$ nmR²>` nwñVH$ g§K, ~|Jbyé.

AÜ`j:

S>m°. Zm_Xod. E_. Jm¡S>m, {d^mJmÜ`j, qhXr {d^mJ, _hmamOm H°$mboO, _¡gyé {díd{dX²`m{Zb`,

_¡gyé-570005

gXñ` :

lr_Vr. gw_m. Eg. Ho$, {df` n[adr[jH$m (qhXr) ~|Jbyé {d^mJ Am`wŠVmb` ~|Jbyé-560 001

S>m°. am{JZr. Ama, qhXr AÜ`m{nH$m (ñd¡pÀN>H$ AdH$me àmá) 738/4, gmopßnZH$mobm ñQ´>rQ>, H$mern{V AJ«hma, Ho$.Ama. _whëbm, _¡gyé - 24

S>m°. Eg. E. _§OwZmW, ghm`H$ àmo\o$ga Ed§ {d^mJmÜ`j, qhXr {d^mJ, n§nB© H$m°boO, EoH$bm,

_§Jbyé-574141

S>m°. Eg. {d{O, gh-{ejH$ (qhXr), gaH$mar hmB©ñHy$b, dm|Q>rH$moßnb, _¡gyé-570020

lr. E_. Or. _§OwZmW, gh-{ejH$ (qhXr), gaH$mar nr.`w. H$m°boO, Jm¡Zrnëbr, lr{Zdmgnwam VmëbwH$m, H$mobma {Obm-563161

lr_Vr. dg§VHw$_mar ~mB©, gh-{e{jH$m (qhXr), Eg. Eg. nr. Eg. hmB©ñHy$b, H$moßnm VmëbwH$m, {MŠH$_Jbyé {Obm - 577126

dmgwXod_y{V©. Eg, qhXr AÜ`mnH$, gaH$mar hmB©ñHy$b, CX²~yé, _¡gyé VmbyH$,

_¡gyé {Obm - 570026.

CÞV n[aerbZ g{_{V :

S>m°. H$merZmW A§~bJo, AdH$me àmá àmo\o$ga, Jwb~Jm© {díd{dÚmb`, H$b~wa{J.

S>m°. Ho$.E. go~mpñQ>`Z, H«$mBñQ> {díd{dÚmb`, hmogya amoS>, ~|Jbyé

S>m°. JUoe ndma, H$Zm©Q>H$ H|$Ðr` {díd{dÚmb`, H$b~wa{J.

H$bmH$ma:

lr S>r. EZ. d|H$Q>oe, gaH$mar hmB©ñHy$b, Ca_ma H$gbJoao, _§S²>`m {Obm.

H$m`©H«$_ g§`moOH$ :

lr_Vr O`bú_r gr.S>r., ghm`H$ {ZXoeH$, H$Zm©Q>H$ nmR²>` nwñVH$ g§K, ~|Jbyé.

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

X

AZwH«$_{UH$mH«$.g§ erf©H$ {dYm n¥.g§

1. MmhVm hÿ± H${dVm 1

2. gm±n Am¡a gnZm H$hmZr 6

3. S>m°. amOm am_ÊUm ì`{º$ n[aM` 18

_¢ n¥Ïdr hÿ± nyaH$ dmMZ 23

4. H$^r _V H${dVm 26

5. Ý`m` H$hmZr 30

6. amIr ~m±YH$a no‹S>m| go [aíVm {Z~§Y 38

7. H$a Mbo h_ {\$Xm H${dVm 47

ê$n§ Xohr nyaH$ dmMZ 53

8. XamoOr A^`maÊ` _| ^mby AmË_H$Wm 55

hmWr Ho$ gmWr nyaH$ dmMZ 61

9. ^mobmam_ H$m Ord H$hmZr 63

10. ZXr Am¡a gm~wZ H${dVm 77

11. ^maVr` {gVmam - H$ënZm Mmdbm OrdZr 80

12. {H$Îmya H$m {H$bm H$hmZr 90

EH$Vm _| ~b h¡ nyaH$ dmMZ

13. H$gm¡Q>r H${dVm 97

14. B©XJmh H$hmZr 103

15. `jJmZ boI 121

{Xem kmZ nyaH$ dmMZ 130

16. dra H${dVm 135

17. ~¡bJm‹S>r aoIm{MÌ 140

18. Eogo-Eogo EH$m§H$s 151

19. ahr_ Ho$ Xmoho Xmoho 165

n[a{eï>…1. ì`mH$aU2. nÌ-boIZ

169

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

1

nmR> - 1

MmhVm hÿ±

- am_mdVma Ë`mJr

Ame` : àñVwV H${dVm _| H${d AnZr _mV¥^y{_ na AnZm gd©ñd g_{n©V H$aZm MmhVm h¡Ÿ& dh Xoe H$s YaVr H$mo AnZm VZ-_Z-YZ g~ Hw$N> XoZm MmhVm h¡Ÿ&

_Z g_{n©V, VZ g_{n©V

Am¡a `h OrdZ g_{n©VŸ&

MmhVm hÿ± Xoe H$s YaVr, VwPo Hw$N> Am¡a ^r Xy±Ÿ&

_m±, Vwåhmam G$U ~hþV h¡, _¢ AqH$MZ,

{H$ÝVw BVZm H$a ahm {\$a ^r {ZdoXZ -

Wmb _| bmD±$ gOmH$a ^mb O~ ^r,

H$a X`m ñdrH$ma boZm dh g_n©UŸ&

JmZ A{n©V, àmU A{n©V,

aŠV H$m H$U-H$U g_{n©VŸ&

MmhVm hÿ± Xoe H$s YaVr, VwPo Hw$N> Am¡a ^r Xy±Ÿ&

_m±P Xmo Vbdma H$mo, A~ H$a Z Xoar,

~m±Y Xmo H$gH$a H$_a na T>mb _oarŸ&

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

2

^mb na _b Xmo MaU H$s Yyb Wmo‹S>r,

ere na Am{ef H$s N>m`m KZoarŸ&

ñdßZ A{n©V, àíZ A{n©V,

Am`w H$m jU-jU g_{n©VŸ&

MmhVm hÿ± Xoe H$s YaVr, VwPo Hw$N> Am¡a ^r Xy±Ÿ&

Vmo‹S>Vm hÿ± _moh H$m ~§YZ j_m XmoŸ&

Jm±d _oao, Ûma, Ka, Am±JZ j_m Xmo,

AmO grYo hmW _| Vbdma Xo Xmo,

Am¡a ~m`| hmW _| ÜdO H$mo W_m XmoŸ&

`o gw_Z bmo, `o M_Z bmo,

Zr‹S> H$m V¥U-V¥U g_{n©VŸ&

MmhVm hÿ± Xoe H$s YaVr, VwPo Hw$N> Am¡a ^r Xy±Ÿ&

*****

H${d n[aM` - am_mdVma Ë`mJr

am_mdVma Ë`mJr H$m OÝ_ gZ²> 1925 H$mo _wamXm~mX {Obo Ho$ Hw$aH$mdbr J«m_ _| ~«m÷U n[adma _| hþAmŸ& Ka H$s ê${‹T>dm{XVm go {dÐmoh H$a Ë`mJr Zo AË`§V {df_ n[apñW{V`m| _| {ejm àmá H$sŸ& A§V _| {Xëbr AmH$a BÝhm|Zo {d`moJr h[a Am¡a _hmdra A{YH$mar Ho$ gmW gånmXZ H$m`© {H$`mŸ& Ë`mJr nr‹S>m Ho$ H${d WoŸ& BZH$s eãX - `moOZm gab VWm AZw^y{V Jhar h¡Ÿ& "Z`m IyZ' VWm "AmR>dm± ñda'

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

3

BZHo$ H${dVm-g§J«h h¢Ÿ& "AmR>dm± ñda' nwñVH$ nwañH¥$V h¡Ÿ& BZ {ZYZ gZ²> 1982 H$mo hþAmŸ&

eãXmW©:

VZ - eara, AqH$MZ - VwÀN>, ~hþV N>moQ>m ; ^mb - {ga, _ñVH$; g_{n©V - AmXanyd©H$ {X`m hþAm, _m±PZm - Yma VoµO H$aZm, Am{ef - Amerdm©X, KZoar - KZm, gKZ ; M_Z - ~JrMm, Zr‹S> - Km|gbm, Wmb - ~‹S>r Wmbr, _bZm - bJmZm, _gbZmŸ&

Aä`mg

I. _m¡{IH$ -

1) H${d Š`m-Š`m g_{n©V H$aZm MmhVo h¢?

2) H${d {H$g Vah H$m ~§YZ Vmo‹S>Zm MmhVo h¢?

3) H${d Wmb _| Š`m gOmH$a bmZm MmhVo h¢?

4) H${d AnZo XmoZm| hmWm| _| Š`m boZm MmhVo h¢?

II. {b{IV -

1) H${d YaVr _m± go Š`m g_{n©V H$aZo H$s ~mV H$a aho h¢?

2) h_ YaVr _m± go C>G$U H¡$go hmo gH$Vo h¢ ?

3) H${d wX²>Y Ho$ {bE OmVo g_` H¡$go V¡ ma hmoZm MmhVo h¢?

4) N>R>r-gmVdt n§{ŠV`m| _| H${d YaVr _m± go Š`m {ZdoXZ H$a

aho h¢?

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

4

III. ^md ñnï> H$s{OE :

_m±P Xmo Vbdma H$mo, A~ H$a Z Xoar,

~m±Y Xmo H$gH$a H$_a na T>mb _oarŸ&

^mb na _b Xmo MaU H$s Yyb Wmo‹S>r,

ere na Am{ef H$s N>m`m KZoarŸ&

IV. {ZåZ{b{IV eãXm| H$m dmŠ`m| _| à`moJ H$s{OE :

1. {ZdoXZ 2. g_n©U 3. ñdrH$ma 4. ~§YZŸ

V. {ZåZ{b{IV eãXm| Ho$ Xmo-Xmo n`m©`dmMr eãX {b{IE :

1) VZ 2) YaVr 3) aº$ 4) j_m 4) A{n©V

VI. VwH$dmbo eãX {b{IE :

CXmhaU : gw_Z - M_Z

1) _Z - ...............

2) Wmb - ...............

3) ere - ...............

4) j_m - ...............

5) A{n©V - ...............

VII. {ZåZ{b{IV n§{ŠV`m| H$s ny{V© H$s{OE :

1) Vmo‹S>Vm hÿ± .....................................

......................................j_m XmoŸ&

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

5

2) AmO grYo ...................................

................................... W_m XmoŸ&

3) `o gw_Z ...................................

................................... g_{n©VŸ&

4) MmhVm hÿ± ..................................,

..................................... ^r Xy±Ÿ&

`mo½`Vm - {dñVma :

* Xoe^{ŠV H$s H${dVmAm| H$m g§J«h H$a H$jm _| gwZmBEŸ&

* Bg H${dVm H$mo b` _| hmd - ^md Ho$ gmW n{‹T>EŸ&

*****

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

6

nmR> - 2

gm±n Am¡a gnZm

- `mo{JamO WmZr

Ame` : Bg H$hmZr _| ~Vm`m J`m h¡ {H$ ~wamB© `m AÀN>mB© H$m Aga

ha ì`{ŠV na n‹S>Vm h¡Ÿ& JbVr g~go hmo OmVr h¡ Am¡a bmbM g~_| hmoVm

h¡Ÿ& AnZr JbVr gwYmaZm ~‹S>r ~mV h¡Ÿ&

EH$ amOm WmŸ& dh amV H$mo O~ ^r H$moB© gnZm XoIVm Vmo EH$X_

K~am OmVm Am¡a gw~h CR>H$a dh AnZo Xa~m[a`m| go Cg ñdßZ H$m

_Vb~ nyN>VmŸ& EH$ {XZ O~ amV H$mo ñdßZ _| Cgo EH$ {~ëbr {XImB©

Xr Vmo dh EH$X_ K~am J`mŸ& Xa~m[a`m| Zo amOm H$mo ~hþV g_PmZo H$s

H$mo{ee H$s, _Ja amOm H$s naoemZr H$_ Zht hþB©Ÿ& amOm Zo EH$-EH$

H$aHo$ g^r _§{Ì`m| Am¡a Xa~m[a`m| H$mo ~wbm`mŸ& ha EH$ Zo Cg ñdßZ H$m

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

7

AnZm-AnZm AW© {ZH$mbmŸ& na amOm H$s naoemZr Am¡a ^r ~‹T> J`rŸ&

Am{Ia V§J AmH$a amOm Zo AnZo eha _| qT>T>moam {nQ>dm {X`m {H$ Omo

ì`{ŠV _oao ñdßZ H$m ghr CÎma ~VmEJm Cgo _mbm_mb H$a {X`m OmEJmŸ&

~g {\$a Š`m WmŸ! g¡H$‹S>m| bmoJ AnZr-AnZr {H$ñ_V AmµO_mZo Ho$ {bE

Xa~ma _| AmZo bJoŸ& _Ja H$moB© ^r ì`{ŠV amOm H$mo ghr AW© ~VmZo _|

g\$b Zht hmo gH$mŸ&

Bgr amÁ` Ho$ EH$ N>moQ>o-go Jm±d _| EH$ Jar~ {H$gmZ ^r ahVm

WmŸ& O~ `h I~a Cg Jar~ {H$gmZ Ho$ H$mZm| VH$ nhþ±Mr Vmo CgZo ^r

amO_hb _| OmZo H$m \¡$gbm {H$`mŸ& O~ dh {H$gmZ amO_hb H$s Amoa

OmZo bJm Vmo amñVo _| EH$ nhm‹S>r na Cgo EH$ gm±n {_bmŸ& gm±n Zo Cg

{H$gmZ H$m amñVm amoH$ H$a nyN>m - ""H$hm± Om aho hmo {H$gmZ ^mB© ?''

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

8

{H$gmZ Zo ~‹S>o CXmg ^md go H$hm -""_¢ AnZr {H$ñ_V AmµO_mZo

Ho$ {bE amO_hb Om ahm hÿ±Ÿ&''

{H$gmZ go gmar ~mV gwZZo Ho$ ~mX gm±n Zo {H$gmZ go nyN>m - ""Š`m

Vw_ Cg ñdßZ H$m ghr AW© OmZVo hmo?''

`h gwZH$a {H$gmZ Mwn hmo J`mŸ&

gm±n Zo H$hm - ""_¢ Vwåh| amOm Ho$ ñdßZ H$m ghr AW© ~Vm gH$Vm

hÿ±Ÿ& eV© `h hmoJr {H$ Vwåh| amOm Ho$ `hm± go {OVZm ^r _mb {_boJm Cg_|

go AmYm _wPo XoZm hmoJmŸ&''

{H$gmZ Zo Iwer-Iwer gm±n H$s `h eV© _mZ brŸ& gm±n Zo H$hm -

""amOm go OmH$a `h H$hZm {H$ ñdßZ _| {~ëbr {XImB© XoZo H$m _Vb~

`h h¡ {H$ Vwåhmao amÁ` _| AmOH$b [aídV Am¡a YmoImY‹S>r H$m ~mob~mbm

h¡Ÿ&''

{H$gmZ Zo O~ amOm H$mo CgHo$ ñdßZ H$m AW© ~Vm`m Vmo amOm ~hþV

hr àgÞ hþAmŸ& amOm Zo {H$gmZ H$mo ~hþV gmao én`o-n¡go {X`oŸ& {H$gmZ

O~ CZ én`m| H$s JR>ar H$mo CR>mH$a AnZo Ka H$s Amoa OmZo bJm Vmo

CgH$s Zr`V Iam~ hmo J`rŸ& CgZo gmoMm {H$ A~ gm±n Ho$ nmg OmZo _|

H$moB© \$m`Xm ZhtŸ& {\$a gm±n H$mo _oao Ka H$m nVm ^r Vmo Zht _mby_Ÿ&

bmbM Zo Cg {H$gmZ H$mo A§Ym H$a {X`mŸ& dh MwnMmn {H$gr Am¡a amñVo

go AnZo Ka nhþ±M J`mŸ& O~ {H$gmZ H$s nËZrŸ Zo én`m| H$m T>oa XoIm

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

9

Vmo dh EH$X_ h¡amZ hmo J`rŸ& {H$gmZ Zo S>tJ _maVo hþE AnZr nËZr go

H$hm {H$ XoImo _¢ {H$VZm g_PXma hÿ±Ÿ& _¢Zo amOm Ho$ ñdßZ H$m {~ëHw$b

ghr-ghr AW© ~Vm {X`mŸ&

Hw$N> {XZ ~rV OmZo Ho$ ~mX amOm Zo EH$ Am¡a ñdßZ XoImŸ& CgZo

ñdßZ _| XoIm {H$ dh {Og H$_ao _| boQ> ahm h¡ CgH$s N>V na Xmo Z§Jr

Vbdma| bQ>H$ ahr h¢Ÿ& `o XmoZm| Vbdma| H$ÀMo YmJm| go ~±Yr hþB© Wt Am¡a

{H$gr ^r jU amOm Ho$ D$na {Ja gH$Vr WtŸ&

gw~h hmoVo hr amOm {\$a naoemZ hmo CR>mŸ& amOm Zo EH$-EH$ H$aHo$ g^r

_§{Ì`m| Am¡a Xa~m[a`m| H$mo ~wbm`mŸ& ha EH$ Zo Cg ñdßZ H$m AnZm-AnZm

AW© {ZH$mbmŸ& na amOm H$mo {H$gr Ho$ CÎma na ^r gÝVmof Zht hþAmŸ&

Am{Ia _| amOm Zo Cgr {H$gmZ H$mo ~wbm`mŸ& {H$gmZ H$mo O~ `h

nVm Mbm Vmo dh ~hþV K~am J`mŸ& _aVm Š`m Z H$aVmŸ& ~oMmam Mwn-

Mmn _wh± bQ>H$m`o {\$a Cgr nhm‹S>r na nhþ±Mm Ohm± na Cgo gm±n {_bm

WmŸ& dhm± nhþ±MH$a dh "ZmJamO' Am¡a "ZmJXodVm' H$hH$a Cg gm±n H$mo

nwH$maZo bJmŸ&

{H$gmZ Ho$ H$m\$s Xoa VH$ MrIZo - {MëbmZo Ho$ ~mX ZmJamO AnZo

{~b go ~mha Am`m Am¡a Jwñgo go ~mobm - ""{Mëbm Š`m| aho hmo, Š`m

~mV h¡ ? `hm± Š`m| Am`o hmo ?'' {H$gmZ Zo hmW Omo‹S>Vo hþE H$hm -

""_hmamO _wPo j_m H$a|Ÿ& _¢ {\$a _wgr~V _| \±$g J`m hÿ±Ÿ& amOm Zo _wPo

AnZo `hm± ~wbm ^oOm h¡Ÿ& _¢ AmnH$s ghm`Vm Ho$ {~Zm Hw$N> Zht H$a

gH$VmŸ& H¥$n`m _wPo amOm Ho$ ñdßZ H$m AW© ~Vm X|Ÿ&''

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

10

gm±n Zo H$hm - ""XoImo, Vw_ _wPo EH$ ~ma nhbo ^r YmoIm Xo MwHo$

hmoŸ& _wPo A~ Vw_ na {dídmg Zht hmoVmŸ&''

{H$gmZ Zo hmW Omo‹S>Vo hþE H$hm - ""A~ H$s ~ma _¢ AmnH$mo YmoIm

Zht Xy±JmŸ&'' {H$gmZ H$s ~mV na {dídmg H$aHo$ gm±n Zo H$hm - ""AÀN>m

Vmo gwZmo, Vw_ amOm go OmH$a h H$hZm {H$ Vw_Zo ñdßZ _| Xmo Z§Jr Vbdma|

XoIr h¢Ÿ& CZH$m _Vb~ h h¡ {H$ Vwåhmao amÁ` Ho$ AÝXa Am¡a ~mha Vwåhmao

eÌw AnZr VmH$V| ~‹T>m aho h¢ Am¡a do H$^r ^r Vw_ na h_bm H$a gH$Vo

h¢Ÿ& Bg{bE Vwåh| A^r go gmdYmZ hmo OmZm Mm{hE Am¡a AnZr g¡{ZH$

e{ŠV H$mo Am¡a _µO~yV H$a boZm Mm{hEŸ&''

amOm Ho$ nmg nhþ±MH$a O~ Cg {H$gmZ Zo ñdßZ H$m AW© ~Vm`m Vmo

amOm ~hþV hr Iwe hþAmŸ& amOm Zo {H$gmZ H$mo nhbo go µµÁ`mXm _mbm_mb

H$a {X`mŸ& {H$gmZ O~ én`m| H$s JR>ar CR>mH$a AnZo Ka H$s Amoa OmZo

bJm Vmo Cg na EH$ ~ma {\$a bmbM H$m ^yV gdma hmo J`mŸ& CgZo _Z

hr _Z gmoMm {H$ _wPo gm±n H$mo AmYm {hñgm XoZo H$s _yI©Vm Zht H$aZr

Mm{hEŸ& _wPo MwnMmn amñVm ~XbH$a AnZo Ka Mbo OmZm Mm{hEŸ&

{H$gmZ A^r h gmoM hr ahm Wm {H$ dhr gm±n CgHo$ gm_Zo AmH$a I‹S>m

hmo J`mŸ& gm±n Cg {H$gmZ go AnZm AmYm {hñgm _m±JZo bJmŸ& CgZo

én`m| H$s JR>ar EH$ Amoa aI Xr Am¡a EH$ bmR>r CR>mH$a gm±n H$mo _maZo

H$s gmoMrŸ& gm±n Cg {H$gmZ H$s Zr`V H$mo nhbo go hr g_P J`m Wm,

Bg{bE dh OëXr-OëXr Pm{‹S>`m| _| OmH$a {N>n J`mŸ& {H$gmZ Zo gm±n

H$mo bmR>r go _maZo H$s H$mo{ee H$sŸ& _Ja dh bmR>r CgH$s ny±N> na bJr

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

11

Am¡a Bg àH$ma gm±n dhm± go ~M {ZH$bmŸ& BgHo$ ~mX dh {H$gmZ AnZr

JR>ar CR>mH$a Iwer-Iwer AnZo Ka H$s Amoa Mb n‹S>mŸ&

XoIVo hr XoIVo {H$gmZ H$s Pm|n‹S>r Ho$ ñWmZ na EH$ _hb I‹S>m hmo

J`m Am¡a dh Jar~ {H$gmZ aB©gm| H$s Vah AnZr qµOXJr {~VmZo bJmŸ&

Hw$N> dfm] ~mX {\$a Cg {H$gmZ H$mo amOm Ho$ `hm± go ~wbmdm Am`mŸ&

A~ H$s ~ma amOm Zo {\$a ñdßZ _| EH$ H$~yVa H$mo C‹S>Vo hþE XoIm WmŸ&

{H$gmZ h I~a gwZH$a EH$X_ K~am J`mŸ& dh h ~mV AÀN>r Vah go

OmZVm Wm {H$ gm±n H$s ghm`Vm Ho$ {~Zm CgH$m ~o‹S>m nma hmoZm _wpíH$b

h¡Ÿ& dh {\$a Cgr nhm‹S>r na J`mŸ& dhm± nhþ±MH$a dh "ZmJamO' Am¡a

"ZmJXodVm' H$hH$a Cg gm±n H$mo nwH$maZo bJmŸ&

{H$gmZ Ho$ H$m\$s Xoa VH$ MrIZo-{MëbmZo Ho$ ~mX gm±n AnZo {~b

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

12

go ~mha Am`m Am¡a Jwñgo go ~mobm - ""{Mëbm Š`m| aho hmo? Š`m ~mV

h¡? `hm± Š`m| Am`o hmo ? Vw_ Vmo _wPo _maZm MmhVo Wo ZŸ&''

{H$gmZ Zo hmW Omo‹S>Vo hþE H$hm - ""_wPo _m\$ H$a XmoŸ& _¢Zo AmnHo$

gmW ~‹S>m AË`mMma {H$`m h¡Ÿ& Amn _wPo Omo Mmh| H$h gH$Vo h¢Ÿ&

_¢ gM_wM nmnr hÿ±Ÿ&'' BVZm H$hVo-H$hVo {H$gmZ H$s Am±Im| go Am±gy ~h

{ZH$boŸ& gm±n H$mo `h g_PZo _| µOam ^r Xoa Zht bJr {H$ {H$gmZ Ho$

Am±gy àm`píMÎm Ho$ Am±gy h¢Ÿ& {H$gmZ H$m _Z A~ nhbo O¡gm nmnr Zht

ahm WmŸ& {H$gmZ H$s Am±Im| _| Am±gy XoIH$a X`mbw gm±n H$m _Z {nKb

J`mŸ& gm±n Cg {H$gmZ go H$hZo bJm - ""K~amAmo _V, Vw_ grYo amOm

Ho$ nmg OmAmo Am¡a H$hmo {H$ AmnH$mo ñdßZ _| Omo C‹S>Vm hþAm H$~yVa

{XImB© {X`m h¡ CgH$m _Vb~ `h h¡ {H$ A~ AmnHo$ amÁ` _| nyU© empÝV

h¡Ÿ& AmnH$s OZVm Amngo EH$X_ gÝVwï> h¡ Am¡a A~ AmnH$mo {H$gr ^r

eÌw go {H$gr àH$ma H$m IVam Zht h¡Ÿ&''

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

13

{H$gmZ Zo amOm H$mo O~ Bg ñdßZ H$m AW© ~Vm`m Vmo amOm ~hþV

Iwe hþAmŸ& Bg ~ma amOm Zo {H$gmZ H$mo ~hþV µµÁ`mXm BZm_ {X`mŸ& {H$gmZ

Zo {\$a én`m| H$s JR>ar CR>mB© Am¡a grYm Cg nhm‹S>r na nhþ±M J`m Ohm±

dh gm±n ahVm WmŸ& O¡go hr gm±n {~b go ~mha Am`m {H$gmZ Zo én`m|

H$s JR>ar CgHo$ gm_Zo aI Xr Am¡a hmW Omo‹S>Vo hþE H$hm - ""_wP nmnr

H$mo j_m H$a Xmo ZmJXodVmŸ& _¢ AnZo {H$`o na ~hþV e{_©ÝXm hÿ±Ÿ&''

gm±n Zo H$hm - ""AnZo Am±gwAm| H$mo nm|N> S>mbmo {H$gmZ ^mB©Ÿ& Vw_Zo

A~ VH$ _oao gmW O¡gm ^r ì`dhma {H$`m h¡ Cg_| Vwåhmam H$moB© H$gya

Zht h¡Ÿ& nhbr ~ma O~ Vwåh| én`m| H$s JR>ar {_br Cg g_` Xoe _|

[aídV Am¡a YmoImY‹S>r H$m ~mµOma Ja_ Wm& Š`m|{H$ Vw_ ^r Bgr g_mO

Ho$ hr EH$ A§J hmo, Vw_ na bmbM H$m a§J M‹T> J`mŸ&

Xygar ~ma O~ Vwåh| én`m| H$s JR>ar {_br Cg g_` Xoe _| byQ>-_ma

_Mr hþB© WrŸ& {H$gr r dŠV ~mhar h_bo H$m IVam WmŸ& bmoJ EH$-Xygao

Ho$ IyZ Ho$ ß`mgo hmo aho WoŸ& Š`m|{H$ Vw_ ^r Bg g_mO Ho$ hr A§J hmo,

Bg{bE Vw_ na ^r _ma-nrQ> H$m Zem gdma hmo J`mŸ& Vw_ bmR>r boH$a

_wPo _maZo Xm¡‹S>oŸ& A~ Mmam| Amoa gwI Am¡a empÝV H$m dmVmdaU h¡Ÿ& bmoJ

_Z go d¡a-^md {_Q>mH$a ào_ H$m ^md ~‹T>m aho h¢Ÿ& Š`m|{H$ Vw_ ^r Bg

g_mO Ho$ hr A§J hmo, Bg{bE Vwåhmao öX` _| ^r ào_ ^md à~b hmo CR>m

h¡Ÿ& V^r Vmo Vw_ AnZr gmar ny±Or _wPo XoH$a _wPgo ào_ ~‹T>mZm MmhVo hmoŸ&

OmAmo ^mB© OmAmo, AnZm amñVm bmoŸ& B©ída Vwåh| Iwe aIoŸ& _wPo én`m|

go Š`m boZm h¡Ÿ& _¢ bmoJm| H$mo én`m XoVm hÿ±, bmoJm| go én`m boVm Zht

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

14

hÿ±Ÿ& bmoJ _wPgo _m±JVo h¢ Am¡a O~ _¢ bmoJm| H$s _m±J| nyar H$a XoVm hÿ± Vmo

do _wPo ^yb OmVo h¢Ÿ& em`X Vw_ Zht OmZVo {H$ _¢ {^Imar Zht hÿ±, XmVm

hÿ±Ÿ& _¢ ZmJamO Zht hÿ±, Zmam`U hÿ±Ÿ&'' BVZm H$hVo hr dh gm±n {H$gmZ

H$s Am±Im| go AmoPb hmo J`mŸ&

*****

eãXmW© :

{T>§T>moam - Sw>½Jr, _wZmXr; YmoImY‹S>r - OmbgmOr, _mbm_mb -

YZ-Xm¡bV go ^am hþAm, AmµO_mZm - naIZm, narjm boZm ; gÝVwï>

- àgÞ, S>tJ _maZm - b§~rMm¡‹S>r AmË_àe§gm H$aZm, gmdYmZr -

gMoV, gVH©$, I~aXma ; _µO~yV - Ñ‹T>, nwï>, ~b`wŠVŸ&

Aä`mg

I. _m¡{IH$ -

1) amOm Zo nhbr ~ma gnZo _| Š`m XoImŸ ? 2) amñVo _| Jar~ {H$gmZ {H$ggo {_bm ? 3) {H$gmZ H$s nËZr h¡amZ Š`m| hþB© ? 4) {H$gmZ gm±n H$mo {H$g Vah nwH$maZo bJm ?

II. {b{IV -

A) EH$ dmŠ` _| CÎma {b{IE :

1) amOm Zo Xygar ~ma gnZo _| Š`m XoIm? 2) gm±n H$mo {H$gmZ na Š`m| {dídmg Zht Wm ?

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

15

3) Vrgar ~ma amOm Zo gnZo _| Š`m XoIm ? 4) {H$gmZ Zo hmW Omo‹S>Vo hþE gm±n go Š`m H$hm ?

5) ZmJamO dmñVd _| Š`m Wm ?

Am) VrZ-Mma dmŠ`m| _| CÎma {b{IE :

1) amOm Zo eha _| qT>T>moam {H$g{bE {nQ>dm`m ?

2) gm±n Zo {H$gmZ Ho$ gm_Zo {H$g Vah H$s eV© aIr ?

3) ñdßZ _| {~ëbr {XImB© XoZo H$m _Vb~ Š`m Wm ?

4) {H$gmZ gm±n H$mo Š`m| _maZm MmhVm Wm ? gm±n H¡$go ~M

J`m?

5) {H$gmZ H$s Am±Im| _| Am±gy XoIH$a gm±n H$m _Z Š`m| {nKb

J`m?

B) Mma-nm±M dmŠ`m| _| CÎma {b{IE :

1) ñdßZ _| Z§Jr Vbdma| Am¡a H$~yVa {XImB© XoZo H$m _Vb~ Š`m

Wm?

2) A§V _| gm±n Zo {H$gmZ H$mo {H$g Vah g_Pm`m ?

III. {H$gZo {H$ggo H$hm :

1) "{Mëbm Š`m| aho hmo ? Š`m ~mV h¡ ?'

2) "A~ H$s ~ma _¢ AmnH$mo YmoIm Zht Xy±JmŸ&'

3) "Š`m Vw_ Cg ñdßZ H$m ghr AW© OmZVo hmo ?'

4) "_¢ AnZo {H$`o na ~hþV e{_©ÝXm hÿ±Ÿ&'

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

16

IV. gmW©H$ dmŠ` ~ZmBE :

1) amOm Wm EH$Ÿ&

2) H$hm hþE hmW Zo Omo‹S>Vo {H$gmZŸ&

3) J`m Mwn {H$gmZ hmo `h gwZH$aŸ&

4) ^r ~mhar H$m Wm {H$gr dŠV h_bo IVamŸ&

5) Iwe B©ída aIo Vwåh|Ÿ&

V. ZrMo {bIo dmŠ`m| _| aoIm§{H$V gd©Zm_m| Ho$ dMZ ~X{bE :

1) {H$Ýhm|Zo Vwåhmar ghm`Vm H$s ?

2) Vw_ {H$Zgo PJ‹S>m H$a aho Wo ?

3) {H$gH$m nÌ Am`m h¡ ?

4) Vw_ {H$Ýh| XmdV _| ~wbm aho hmo ?

5) {H$ZHo$ {bE Cnhma bo Om aho hmo ?

VI. {ZåZ{b{IV dmŠ`m| _| "H$moB©' `m "Hw$N'> H$m à`moJ H$aVo

hþE [aŠV ñWmZm| H$s ny{V© H$so{OE :

1) XadmµOm Iwbm h¡, bJVm h¡ ............. Ka _| h¡Ÿ&

2) XyY _| ............. {Ja J`m h¡Ÿ&

3) _m± ^yI bJr h¡, ............. ImZo H$mo Xo XmoŸ&

4) XadmµOo na ............. I‹S>m h¡Ÿ&

5) Vwåhmar ~mV AZw{MV h¡ ............. Zht _mZoJmŸ&

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

17

VII. àoaUmW©H$ {H«$`m ê$n {b{IE :

{H«$`m àW_ àoaUmW©H$ {ÛVr` àoaUmW©H$

1) gmoZm - gwbmZm - gwbdmZm

2) byQ>Zm - -

3) XoIZm - -

4) gwZZm - -

5) {N>nZm - -

VIII. Amdí`H$ ñWmZ na ZwŠVm Xr{OE :

1) nhmS>r 2) AmO_mZm 3) YmoImYS>r 4) _O~yV

5) IS>m 6) OmoS>Vo 7) Pm|nS>r 8) {O§XJr

9) CS>Vm 10) ~mOmaŸ

IX. AÝ` qbJ ê$n {b{IE :

1) _mbr 2) gwV 3) H${d

4) g_«mQ> 5) n‹S>mogr

`mo½`Vm - {dñVma :

* AnZo {H$gr gnZo H$m dU©Z H$s{OEŸ&

* "bmbM ~war ~bm h¡' - {df` na Xg dmŠ` {b{IEŸ&

*****

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

18

nmR>- 3

S>m°. amOm am_ÊUm

-g§H${bV

Ame` : àñVwV nmR> _| H$Zm©Q>H$ Ho$ _hmZ d¡km{ZH$ S>m°. amOm am_ÊÊmm Ho$ ì`[º$Ëd VWm CZH$s _hmZ gmYZm na àH$me S>mbm J`m h¡&

ñdV§ÌVm Ho$ ~mX ^maV Ho$ gm_Zo H$B© MwZm¡{V`m°§ Wt& g{X`m| H$s XmgVm go Xoe ~hþV {nN>‹S> J`m Wm& ha joÌ _| àJ{V H$s$ Amdí`H$Vm Wr& A~ Xoe H$mo AmË_{Z^©a ~ZmZm Wm& BgHo$ {bE maV gaH$ma Zo H$B© `moOZmE± ~ZmBª& BÝht `moOZmAm| Ho$ H$maU AmO ^maV e{º$embr amï´> ~ZH$a C^am h¡& BZ `moOZmAm| Ûmam H$¥{f, {dkmZ, {M{H$Ëgm, VH$ZrH$s, D$Om© Am{X joÌm| _| Xoe Zo AË`§V CÞ{V H$s h¡& Xoe H$mo ñdmdb§~r d geº$ ~ZmZo _| H$B© _hmZ² d¡km{ZH$m| Zo AnZm `moJXmZ {X`m h¡& BÝht _hmZ² d¡km[ZH$m| _| go EH$ h¢, H$Zm©Q>H$ Ho$ S>m°. amOm am_ÊUm Or&

amOm am_ÊUm Or H$m OÝ_ 28 OZdar gZ² 1925 H$mo H$Zm©Q>H$ Ho$ Vw_Hy$ê$ ZJa _| hþAm Wm& CZH$s àmW{_H$ VWm _mÜ`{_H$ {ejm ~|Jbyê$ Ho$ {~en-H$m°Q>Z hmB©ñHy$b _o§ hþB© Wr& BÝhm|Zo _Ðmg Ho$ {H«$pñM`Z H$m°boO go "ñZmVH$' nXdr àmá H$s& b§XZ Ho$ {H$§½g H$m°boO go nr-EM.S>r. H$s Cnm{Y àmá H$s& Bg à{V^mdmZ d¡km{ZH$ Zo Xoe H$s CÞ{V _| AnZm _hËdnyU© `moJXmZ {X`m h¡&

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

19

Xoe H$s àJ{V Ho$ {bE na_mUw D$Om© joÌ _o§ gwYma H$s Amdí`H$Vm H$mo g_PH$a ^maV Ho$ à{gÕ d¡km{ZH$ S>m°. hmo_r Ohm°§Jra m^m Zo "na_mUw g§emoYZ H|$Ð' H$s ñWmnZm H$s& gZ² 1966 _| S>m°. m^m Ho$ {ZYZ Ho$ ~mX S>m°. amOm am_ÊUm Or H$mo AUw g§emoYZ H|$Ð _o§ EH$ _hËdnyU© H$m`© gm¢nm J`m& BZHo$ ZoV¥Ëd _| EH$ JmonZ g{_{V na_mUw ~_ H$s aMZm d H$m`© _| OwQ> JB© Am¡a BgH$m \$b gm_Zo Am`m&

gZ² 1974 _| ^maV Zo amOñWmZ Ho$ nmoIamZ _| N>: AUw{dñ\$moQ> {H$E Am¡a BgHo$ ~mX ^maV {díd H$m EH$ à_wI AUw e{º$ g§nÞ amï´> ~ZH$a C^am& ^maV AUwe{º$ H$m à`moJ AnZr gwajm d D$Om© Ho$ joÌ _| H$aVm h¡&

S>m°. amOm am_ÊUm Or {dkmZ Ho$ gmW-gmW g§JrV _o§ r é{M aIVo Wo& do EH$ AX²^wV {n`mZmo dmXH$ ^r Wo& BÝhm|Zo Xoe-{dXoe _| g§JrV Ho$ H$B© H$m`©H«$_ àñVwV {H$E, pOÝh| Xþ{Z`m^a _| gamhm J`m &

g§JrV Ho$ A{V[aº$ BÝhm|Zo Xoe H$s amOZr{V _o§ ^r AnZm `moJXmZ {X`m h¡& gZ² 1990 _o§ lr {dídZmW àVmn qgh Or H$s gaH$ma _| S>m°. amOm am_ÊUm ajm _§Ìmb` Ho$ amÁ`_§Ìr Wo& gZ² 1997 _o§ do amÁ`g^m Ho$ gXñ` _ZmoZrV {H$E JE& {dkmZ-g§JrV-amOZr{V Ho$ AX²^wV _ob Ho$ ì`{º$Ëd Ho$ YZr amOm am_ÊUm Or Ho$ H§$Ym| na Xoe Ho$ H$B© d¡km{ZH$ g§emoYZm| H$s {Oå_oXmar Wr&

S>m°. amOm am_ÊUm H$s godmAm| H$mo XoIH$a BÝh| H$B© nwañH$ma VWm Cnm{Y`m| go gå_m{ZV {H$ m J`m& AmnH$mo gZ² 1963 _| em§{V ñdê$n ^Q>ZmJa nwañH$ma, gZ² 1968 _o§ nX²_lr H$s Cnm{Y, gZ² 1973 _o§ nX²_ yfU H$s Cnm{Y, gZ² 1976 _o§ nX²_{d yfU H$s Cnm{Y Am{X àmá h¢&

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

20

eãXmW© : D$Om© - e{º$, XmgVm - Jwbm_r, narjU - à`moJ, g§emoYZ - ImoO, {nN>‹S>m - nrN>o ahZm, nwañH$ma - BZm_, gå_mZ; gX¡d - h_oem, ñ_aUr` - `mX aIZo `mo½`, àXmZ H$aZm - XoZm, AX²^wV - {Zambm, gamhZm - àe§gm H$aZm&

*****

Aä`mg

I. {ZåZ{b{IV àíZm| Ho$ CÎma EH$ dmŠ` _| {b{IE :

1. S>m°. amOm am_ÊUm H$m OÝ_ H$~ Am¡a H$hm± hþAm Wm? 2. na_mUw g§emoYZ Ho$ÝÐ H$s ñWmnZm {H$gZo H$s Wr? 3. ^maV AUwe{º$ H$m à`moJ {H$g joÌ _| H$aVm h¡? 4. {dkmZ Ho$ Abmdm am_ÊUm Or H$mo {H$Z {df`m| _| é{M Wr? 5. am_ÊUm Or {H$g dmÚ H$mo ~OmVo Wo? 6. "nmoIamZ' {H$g amÁ` _o§ h¡?

II. {ZåZ{b{IV àíZmo§ Ho$ CÎma VrZ-Mma dmŠ`m| _o§ {b{IE :

1. amOm am_ÊUm Or H$s {ejm Ho$ ~mao _| {b{IE& 2. amOm am_ÊUm Or Zo amOZr{V _| Š`m `moJXmZ {X`m Wm? 3. S>m°. amOm am_ÊÊm H$mo {H$Z-{H$Z nwañH$ma d Cnm{Y`m| go gå_m{ZV {H$`m J`m ?

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

21

III. {ZåZ{b{IV [aº$ ñWmZm| H$s ny{V© C{MV eãXm| go H$s{OE :

1. ^maV Ho$ gm_Zo H$B© ................Wt& 2. g{X`m| H$s XmgVm go Xoe ~hþV................. J`m Wm& 3. Xoe H$mo................~ZmZm Wm& 4. amOm am_ÊUm Or EH$$ AX²^wV .............. dmXH$ ^r Wo&

IV. {ZåZ{b{IV dmŠ`m§e ghr h¡ `m JbV nhMmZ H$a {b{IE :

1. amOm am_ÊUm Or EH$ AX² wV drUmdmXH$ Wo&

2. am_ÊUm Or Zo Xoe-{dXoe _| H$B© g§JrV H$m ©H«$_ {H$E&

3. am_ÊUm Or Zo Xoe H$s amOZr{V _| ^r `moJXmZ {X`m&

4. H$Zm©Q>H$ Ho$ nmoIamZ _| AUw{dñ\$moQ> {H$ m J`m&

V. S>m°. amOm am_ÊUm Or H$mo Xoe-{dXoe _| gamhm J`m& Š`m Amn ^r AnZo {bE àe§gm MmhVo h¡ ? {ZåZ[b{IV _| go {H$g H$m`© _| ^mJ boH$a AmnZo gamhZm nm`r h¡ `m nwañH$ma nm`m h¡ Cgna (){ZemZ bmJmBE :

1. Iob à{V`mo{JVm _|&

2. g§JrV, Z¥Ë` Am{X _|&

3. {MÌH$bm _|&

4. ^mfU à{V`mo{JVm _|&

5. narjm _§o AÀN>o A§H$ àmá H$aHo$&

6. nmR>embm _| AÀN>o ì`dhma Ho$ {bE&

7. gmh{gH$ H$m`© Ho$ {bE&

8. {_Ìm| H$s ghm`Vm H$aHo$&

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

22

VI. dmŠ` _| à`moJ H$s{OE : 1. MwZm¡Vr 2. CÞ{V 3. `moJXmZ 4. ZoV¥Ëd 5. gå_mZ VII. CXmhaU Ho$ AZwgma nmR> _| go Ty>±‹T>H$a {b{IE : CXm: amOm am_ÊUm Or H$m OÝ_ - gZ² 1925

1. AUw g§emoYZ H|$Ð _| H$m`© - 2. nmoIamZ _| AUw {dñ\$moQ> - 3. - gZ² 19904. - gZ² 19975. em§{V ñdê$n ^Q>ZmJa nwañH$ma - 6. - gZ² 19687. nX²_^yfU H$s Cnm{Y - 8. - gZ² 1976

VIII. S>m°. amOm am_ÊUm Or ajm _§Ìr Wo& h_mao Xoe H$s CÞ{V Ho$ {bE CÝhm|Zo _hËdnyU© H$m`© {H$`o h¢& A~ Amn H$ënZm H$s{OE {H$ Amn {ejm-_§Ìr h¢& {ejm-joÌ _§o gwYma bmZm hmo Vmo Amn Š`m-Š`m H$a|Jo? Mma dmŠ`m| _o§ {b{IE&

`mo½`Vm {dñVma:

* H$Zm©Q>H$ amÁ` Ho$ AÝ` _hmZ² d¡km{ZH$m| Ho$ ~mao _o§ OmZH$mar àmá H$s{OE&

*****

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

23

nyaH$ dmMZ

_¢ n¥Ïdr h±y

_¢ n¥Ïdr h±y& _¡§ hr YaVr _mVm h±ÿ& _¡§ hr OrdZ H$mo YmaU H$aVr h±ÿ& _¢ g^r Ordm| H$m nmbZ-nmofU H$aVr h±ÿ& _¢ _mZd g_mO Ho$ {bE ^moOZ, dó, hdm, nmZr Am{X g^r Hw$N> CnbãY H$amVr h±ÿ& _wPo "dgwYm' ^r H$hVo h¢& Amn OmZVo h¢ Š`m|? dgwYm H$m AW© h¡-"YZ Am¡a dZ H$mo YmaU H$aZo dmbr!' _¢ _Zwî` Ho$ {hV Ho$ {bE µ\$gb| CJmVr h±ÿ& Cgo AZoH$ àH$ma H$r O‹S>r-~y{Q>`m°§ XoVr h±y& _¢ aËZJ^m© h±ÿ& _wPgo hr AmnH$mo {d{dY àH$ma Ho$ aËZ, O¡go hram-_m{UH$ Am¡a I{ZO nXmW©, O¡go bmohm, gmoZm, Mm°§Xr Am{X àmá hmoVo h¢& _¢ gy`© H$s n{aH«$_m H$aVr h±ÿ& BgrHo$ n[aUm_ñdê$n amV-{XZ hmoVo h¢ VWm G$VwE± ~ZVr h¢& _¢ gy`©-n[adma H$s, `m gm¡a_§S>b H$s n«_wI gXñ`m h±ÿ& d¡km{ZH$ H$hVo h¢ {H$ _¢ gy`© go hr AbJ hþB© h±y& bJ^J Xg Ia~ df© nyd© _¢ gy`© go AbJ hmoH$a CgHo$ BX©-{JX© Ky_Zo bJr& Cg g_` Vmo _¡§ AmJ H$m EH$ YYH$Vm hþAm Jmobm Wr, Ja_ J¡g Am¡a YwE± go ^am EH$ qnS>&

Cgr g_` _oam EH$ Qw>H$‹S>m Qy>Q>H$a M§Ð_m ~Z J`m& dh _oar n[aH«$_m H$aVm ahVm h¡, O¡go _¢ gy`© H$s n[aH«$_m H$aVr h±ÿ& Bg{bE Vmo Amn M§Ð_m H$mo M§Xm _m_m H$hVo h¢ Am¡a gy`© H$mo gyaO XmXm& Yrao-Yrao _¢ R>§S>r hmoVr JB©& {\$a hm°§ VoµO dfm© hmoZo bJr& Bggo _oar D$nar gVh em§V Am¡a [ñWa hmoVr JB©& O~ _oam eara R>§S>m hþAm Vmo _oam AmH$ma H$ht D±$Mm Am¡a H$ht ZrMm hmo J`m& {ZMbr OJhm| _| nmZr a J`m Am¡a _hmgmJa Ed§ _hmX²drnm| H$s aMZm hþB©& D±$Mr OJhm| na no‹S> nm¡Yo CJ JE& {Za§Va Ky_Vo ahZo Ho$ H$maU Am¡a _hmgmJam| H$s bham| Ho$ Wn‹S>o ImVo-ImVo _oam ê$n ~XbVm J`m Am¡a A~ ^r ~Xb ahm h¡&

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

24

_oam `h gOm-g±dam ê$n, Omo Amn XoIVo h¢, nhbo Zht Wm& Mmam| Amoa O§Jb Am¡a Ho$db O§Jb Wo Omo {d{^Þ àH$ma Ho$ new-n{j`m| go ^ao Wo& Amn O¡go gä` _Zwî` CZ {XZm| Zht Wo& AmnHo$ gä` hmoZo H$s EH$ AbJ hr H$hmZr h¡& Cg H$hmZr H$mo ~VmZo bJ±y Vmo nVm Zht {H$VZm g_` bJ OmE! H$hVo h¢ {H$ àmMrZH$mb _| EH$ amOm Wo, n¥Ww& amOm n¥Ww Zo AnZo ghm`H$m| Ho$ gh`moJ go _wP na CJo O§Jbm| H$mo H$mQ>m Am¡a _wPo g_Vb ~Zm`m& amOm n¥Ww Zo _wP na hb Mbm`m Am¡a ~rO ~moH$a ZB© µ\$gb| CJmB©& amOm n¥Ww Zo hr hb H$m Am{dîH$ma {H$`m Wm& Bgr{bE _oam Zm_ "n¥Ïdr' n‹S>m h¡&

Omo bmoJ A§V[aj _o§ JE h¢, do H$hVo h¢ {H$ _¢ ~hþV gw§Xa h±ÿ& gwXÿa AmH$me go `{X Amn _wPo XoI| Vmo _¢ àH$me_` Vmam| H$s Vah {Pb{_bVr-gr [XIbmB© Xÿ±Jr& R>rH$ Cgr Vah {Og Vah `hm± go AmnH$mo Mm±X-{gVmao {XIbmB© XoVo h¢&

_¢ AmO O¡gr h±ÿ, AnZo nwÌm| VWm AÝ` Ord O§VwAm| Ho$ AWH$ n[al_ Ho$ H$maU h±ÿ& _¢ MmhVr h±ÿ {H$ amOm n¥Ww H$s Vah _oao nwÌ d nw{Ì`m± namH«$_r Am¡a n[al_r hm|, Š`m|{H$ CÝhtHo$ à`mg go _¢ AnZr e{º$`m| H$mo g~Ho$ {hV Ho$ {bE à`moJ _| bm gH$Vr h±ÿ& na§Vw Amngo _oam {deof AZwamoY h¡ {H$ Amn _oao Ob Am¡a dm`w H$mo àXÿ{fV Z H$a§o AÝ`Wm gmam dmVmdaU {~J‹S> OmEJm& CgH$m Xþîà^md _wP na hr Zht A{nVw Amn g^r Ordm| na n‹S>oJm& Amn µÁ`mXm d¥j bJmE± {Oggo dmVmdaU ewÕ hmo& Ü`mZ aI| _oar gwajm _| hr Amn g~H$s gwajm {Z{hV h¡!

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

25

I. àíZm| Ho$ CÎma {b{IE :

1. n¥Ïdr H$mo "dgwYm' Š`m| H$hVo h¢?

2. YaVr H$m Zm_ "n¥Ïdr' Š`m| n‹S>m?

3. {XZ-amV Š`m| hmoVo h¢ Am¡a G$VwE± H¡$go ~ZVr h¢?

4. _hmgmJam| Am¡a _hmXoem| H$s aMZm {H$g àH$ma hþB©?

5. n¥Ïdr H$mo aËZJ^m© Š`m| H$hVo h¢?

6. n¥Ïdr H$s gwajm Ho$ {bE h_| Š`m H$aZm Mm{hE?

II. ZrMo {XE JE dmŠ`m| Ho$ AmJo ghr `m JbV bJmBE :>>

H$. n¥Ïdr ewê$ _| AmJ H$m EH$ YYH$Vm Jmobm Wr&

I. n¥Ïdr M§Ð_m H$s n[aH«$_m H$aVr h¡&

J. amOm n¥Ww Zo JS²>‹T>o ImoXH$a _hmgmJa ~ZmE&

K. gy`©-n[adma H$mo Vmam_§S>b H$hVo h¢&

L>. n¥Ïdr h_| AZoH$ àH$ma H$s O‹S>r-~y[Q>`m± XoVr h¡&

*****

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

26

nmR> - 4

H$^r _V

- lrYa nmR>H$

Ame` : Bg H${dVm _| H${d H$hVo h¢ {H$ ~wam _V gmoMmo, ~wam _V ~Zmo Am¡a ~wam _V H$amoŸ& ha _Zwî` _| Xmof h¢ hr, bo{H$Z Xmof na Ü`mZ Z XoH$a Cggo {_bZodmbo kmZ Ed§ JwUm| H$s Amoa Ü`mZ XoZm Mm{hEŸ&

~mbH$mo, b‹S>mo H$^r _VŸ& ama _| n‹S>mo H$^r _VŸ&&

^«mV go {^‹S>mo H$^r _VŸ& ~mV go {M‹T>mo H$^r _VŸ&&

_ñV hmo A‹S>mo H$^r _VŸ& gwñV hmo g‹S>mo H$^r _VŸ&&

PyR> na PwH$mo H$^r _VŸ& gË` go éH$mo H$^r _VŸ&&

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

27

ì`W© H$mo ~H$mo H$^r _VŸ& Eo~ H$mo T>H$mo H$^r _VŸ&&

ZrM go h±gmo H$^r _VŸ& H$sM _| \±$gmo H$^r _VŸ&&

S>mh go Obmo H$^r _VŸ& amh go Q>bmo H$^r _VŸ&&

Vmb _| Y±gmo H$^r _VŸ& Omb _| \±$gmo H$^r _VŸ&&

Xwï> go Ow‹S>mo H$^r _VŸ& H$ï> go _w‹S>mo H$^r _VŸ&&

amV ^a OJmo H$^r _VŸ& _ma H$a ^Jmo H$^r _VŸ&&

nmn na S>Q>mo H$^r _VŸ& nwÊ` go hQ>mo H$^r _VŸ&&

J§X _| Y±gmo H$^r _VŸ& \§$X _| \±$gmo H$^r _VŸ&&

ß`ma H$mo VOmo H$^r _VŸ& H$m`© go bOmo H$^r _VŸ&&

*****

H${d n[aM` - lrYa nmR>H$

lrYa nmR>H$ H$m OÝ_ gZ²> 1859 H$mo AmJam {Obo Ho$ Om¢Yar J«m_

_| hþAmŸ& {ejm, g§ñH¥$V Am¡a \$magr _| hþB©Ÿ& H$bH$Îmm _| gaH$mar godm

H$aZo Ho$ níMmV²> `o à`mJ _| AmH$a ahZo bJoŸ& BÝhm|Zo ~«O^mfm VWm

I‹S>r~mobr XmoZm| _| H${dVm {bIrŸ& BZH$s _w»` aMZmE± h¢ - "OJV gMmB©

- gma', "_Zmo{dZmoX', "H$í_ra gwf_m', "Jmo{nH$m-JrV' Ed§ "^maV-

JrV'Ÿ& I‹S>r~mobr _| H$mì` aMZm H$a BÝhm|Zo JÚ Am¡a nÚ H$s ^mfmAm|

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

28

_| EH$Vm ñWm{nV H$aZo H$m Eo{Vhm{gH$ H$m`© {H$`mŸ& BÝhm|Zo A§J«oOr VWm

g§ñH¥$V H$s nwñVH$m| Ho$ nX²`mZwdmX ^r {H$EŸ& `o àmH¥${VH$ gm¢X`©, ñdXoe

ào_ VWm g_mO gwYma H$s ^mdZmAm| Ho$ H${d WoŸ& AmnH$m {ZYZ gZ²>

1928 H$mo hþAmŸ&

eãXmW© :

ama - PJ‹S>m, {ddmX; ^«mV - ^mB©, A‹S>Zm - hR> H$aZm, Eo~ - Xmof, H$sM - H$sM‹S>, S>mh - ObZ, Agy`m; Y±gZm - Zï> hmoZm, \±$gZm; \§$X - \$§Xm, ~§YZ; VOZm - Ë`mJZm, S>Q>Zm - O_H$a I‹S>m hmoZm, bOmo - ea_mAmo&

Aä`mg

I. _m¡{IH$ -

1) H${d {H$ggo Z b‹S>Zo Ho$ {bE H$h ahm h¡ ? 2) {H$g na Zht PwH$Zm h¡ ?

3) {H$g _| \±$gZm Zht Mm{hE ? 4) {H$ggo bOmZm Zht Mm{hE ?

II. {b{IV -

EH$ dmŠ` _| CÎma {b{IE :

1) {H$gHo$ gm_Zo PwH$Zm Zht Mm{hE ? 2) H$ï> go Š`m Zht H$aZm Mm{hE ? 3) {H$ggo Zht hQ>Zm Mm{hE ? 4) {H$gH$m Ë`mJ Zht H$aZm Mm{hE ?

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

29

III. {dñVma go :

1) "H$^r _V' H${dVm H$m gmam§e {b{IEŸ&

IV. {ZåZm§{H$V n§{ŠV`m| H$m Ame` ñnï> H$s{OE :

1) ^«mV go {^‹S>mo H$^r _VŸ& ~mV go {M‹T>mo H$^r _VŸ&& 2) ì`W© H$mo ~H$mo H$^r _VŸ& Eo~ H$mo T>H$mo H$^r _VŸ&& 3) amV ^a OJmo H$^r _VŸ& _ma H$a ^Jmo H$^r _VŸ&& 4) PyR> na PwH$mo H$^r _VŸ& gË` go éH$mo H$^r _VŸ&&

V. Imbr OJh ^[aE :

1) nmn na ................... H$^r _VŸ& 2) ZrM go .................... H$^r _VŸ& 3) \§$X _| .................... H$^r _VŸ& 4) ß`ma H$mo .................. H$^r _VŸ&

VI. {ZåZ{b{IV eãXm| H$m dmŠ`m| _| à`moJ H$s{OE :

1) gË` 2) ì`W© 3) Xwï> 4) nwÊ` 5) H$m`©

VII. Bg H${dVm H$mo H§$R>ñW H$s{OEŸ&

`mo½`Vm - {dñVma :

* Eogr hr N>moQ>r-N>moQ>r {ejmàX H${dVmE± n{‹T>EŸ& * nmR>embm _| AZwemgZ Ho$ nmbZ Ho$ gå~§Y _| ghnm{R>`m| go MMm© H$s{OEŸ& * Jm§YrOr Ho$ VrZ ~§Xam| H$s H$hmZr n{‹T>EŸ&

*****

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

30

nmR>-5

Ý`m`

-g§H${bV

Ame` : à»`mV H$Wm g§J«h "Aao{~`Z ZmBQ²>g' H$s EH$ H$Wm na AmYm[aV `h amoMH$ H$hmZr Ý`m` Am¡a ~wX²{Y~b H$s EH$ PbH$ XoVr h¡&

nwamZo ‹>O_mZo _| EH$ ì`mnmar ahVm Wm, Zm_ Wm CgH$m Abr »dmOm& ì`mnma H$aVo-H$aVo O~ CgHo$ nmg EH$ hµOma gmoZo H$s _moha| BH$Q²>R>r hmo JBª Vmo CgZo _ŠH$m earµ\$ H$s `mÌm H$m {ZíM` {H$`m& My±{H$ dh AHo$bm ahVm Wm, CgZo AnZr O_m ny±Or AnZo {_Ì Ho$ `hm± aIZo H$m {ZíM` {H$`m& `mÌm Ho$ IM© Ho$ {bE CgZo nm±M gm¡ _moha| AbJ aI bt& {\$a EH$ K‹S>o _| ~Mr hþB© _moha| S>mb H$a Vob a {X`m& Abr »dmOm n‹S>mog _| AnZo {_Ì dm[µOX Ho$ Ka J`m& CgH$mo AnZr `mÌm Ho$ ~mao _| ~Vm`m Am¡a H$hm, ""`h Vob H$m K‹S>m _¡§ AmnHo$ Ka aIH$a OmZm MmhVm hÿ±& _ŠH$m go bm¡Q>H$a bo by±Jm''& dm{µOX Zo AnZo VhImZo H$s Mm~r Cgo XoVo hþE H$hm {H$, ""Amn AnZm K‹S>m VhImZo _| aI AmBE Am¡a O~ Amn bm¡Q>| Vmo Cgr ñWmZ go bo br{OE&'' Abr »dmOm K‹S>m aIH$a `mÌm Ho$ {bE {ZH$b J`m&

EH$ {XZ dm[µOX Ho$ Ka XmdV Wr& Vah-Vah Ho$ nH$dmZ ~ZmVo hþE Vob IË_ hmo J`m& amV H$m g_` Wm& dm{µOX H$s ~rdr AnZm {ga IwObmZo bJr& V^r Cgo Abr »dmOm Ho$ Vob Ho$ K‹S>o H$s `mX AmB©& CgZo dm[µOX go H$hm -""Amn VhImZo _| aIo Vob Ho$ K‹S>o go Wmo‹S>m

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

31

Vob {ZH$mb bmBE& Bg g_` ~mµOma Vmo ~§X h¡& H$b gw~h ~mµOma go Z`m Vob bmH$a K‹S>o _| ^a Xr{OE& »dmOm AmO amV hr AmH$a Vmo Vob Zht _m±J§oJo&''

~rdr H$s ~mV gwZH$a dm[µOX VhImZo _| J`m& O~ K‹S>o H$s grb ImobH$a Vob {ZH$mbZo bJm, V~ K‹S>o _| go {gŠH$m| H$s AmdmµO AmB©& Cgo bJm {H$ K‹S>o _| Vob Ho$ ZrMo Hw$N> h¡& Bg{bE CgZo Xÿgao ~V©Z _| gmam Vob {ZH$mb {b`m& CgZo XoIm {H$ K‹S>o _| Vmo nm±M gm¡ gmoZo H$s _moha| Wt& CgZo CZ _moham| H$mo AnZr {VOmoar _| {N>nmH$a aI {X`m Am¡a Vob bmH$a ~rdr H$mo Xo {X`m& AJbo {XZ CgZo ~mµOma go Z`m Vob boH$a K‹S>o _| ^a {X`m& Cgo d¡go hr grb~§X H$a {X`m O¡go {H$ »dmOm Abr Zo {H$`m Wm&

Hw$N> {XZm| Ho$ ~mX Abr »dmOm _ŠH$m H$s `mÌm go dmng Am`m& Ka _| AnZm gm_mZ aIH$a dh grYm dm[µOX Ho$ Ka J`m Am¡a AnZr `mÌm H$s gmar ~mV| ~VmB©& {\$a Vob H$m K‹S>m boH$a dh Ka Am J`m& O~ CgZo K‹S>o H$m Vob {ZH$mbH$a XoIm Vmo CgHo$ n¡am| Vbo µO_rZ hr {IgH$ JB©& dh {ga nH$‹S>H$a ~¡R> J`m, Š`m|{H$ K‹S>o _| EH$ ^r gmoZo H$s _moha Zht Wr& dh gmoMZo bJm, A~ Š`m {H$`m OmE&

dh CbQ>o nm±d dm[µOX Ho$ Ka J`m Am¡a AnZr _moha| _m±JZo bJm& dm[µOX Zo H$hm {H$, ""grb~§X Vob H$m K‹S>m AmnH$mo Cgr ñWmZ go {_bm Ohm± Amn aIH$a JE Wo& _¡¢Zo Vmo Cgo hmW ^r Zht bJm`m& _¢ H¡$go _mZ by± {H$ Cg_o| gmoZo H$s _moha| Wt''& XmoZm| {_Ìm| _| H$hm-gwZr hmoZo bJr& XmoZm| H$m PJ‹S>m gwZH$a Amg-nmg Ho$ bmoJ BH$Q²>R>o hmo JE&

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

32

CÝhm|Zo O~ PJ‹S>o H$mo ~‹T>Vo hþE XoIm Vmo »dmOm go H$hm {H$, ""Amn H$mµOs H$s AXmbV _| OmBE& dh hr AmnHo$ PJ‹S>o H$mo {_Q>m gH$Vm h¡&''

»dmOm Zo H$mµOs H$s AXmbV _| AnZr ~mV aIr na§Vw nŠHo$ g~yVm| Ho$ A^md _| Cgo dhm± go {Zame bm¡Q>Zm n‹S>m& V~ CgZo Ibrµ\$m Ho$ `hm± Anrb H$s Am¡a Ý`m` _m±Jm& Ibrµ\$m Zo CgH$s Anrb ñdrH$ma H$a br& Ibrµ\$m Zo gmao _m_bo na {dMma H$aZo Ho$ {bE Hw$N> g_` Mmhm& EH$ gßVmh ~mX H$m g_` gwZdmB© Ho$ {bE {X`m J`m& »dmOm Am¡a dm[µOX H$m {H$ñgm A~ à»`mV hmo J`m Wm&

Ibrµ\$m EH$ {XZ AnZm ^of ~XbH$a eha _| Ky_ aho Wo& V^r CÝhm|Zo Hw$N> b‹S>H$m| H$mo Ý`m`mb` H$m Iob IobVo hþE XoIm& dh {N>n-H$a CZH$m Iob XoIZo bJo& CÝh| bJm {H$ Omo b‹S>H$m Ý`m`mYre ~Zm h¡, ~‹S>m g_PXma h¡& dh {Og Vah Ý`m` H$a ahm h¡, {~b²Hw$b R>rH$ h¡& Bg{bE CÝhm|Zo Cg b‹S>Ho$ H$mo AnZo nmg ~wbm`m Am¡a CgH$m Zm_ nyN>m& b‹S>Ho$ Zo H$hm - ""_oam Zm_ hgZ h¡&'' Ibrµ\$m Zo H$hm -""_¢Zo Vwåhmam Iob XoIm& Vw_ ~hþV g_PXma hmo& H$b h_mao Xa~ma _| AmZm&''

AJbo {XZ Ibrµ\$m Ho$ Xa~ma _| Abr »dmOm, dm[µOX Am¡a hgZ CnpñWV hþE& Ibrµ\$m Zo hgZ go H$hm {H$, ""Vw_ BZ XmoZm| Ho$ PJ‹S>o H$m {H$ñgm gwZmo Am¡a ~VmAmo {H$ BZ_| go H$m¡Z gM ~mob ahm h¡&''

hgZ Zo XmoZm| H$s ~mV| Ü`mZ go gwwZr§& {\$a CgZo Xmo Vo{b`m| H$mo ~wbdm`m& Wmo‹S>r Xoa _| Xmo Vobr Am JE& hgZ Zo CZgo H$hm -""Amn Bg K‹S>o Ho$ Vob H$s Om±M H$s{OE Am¡a ~VmBE Bg K‹S>o _| Vob {H$VZm

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

33

nwamZm h¡&'' XmoZm| Vo{b`m| Zo ~mar-~mar go Vob H$mo XoIm, gy±Km Am¡a MIm& {\$a AnZm {ZU©` {X`m& ""K‹S>o H$m Vob Xmo _hrZo nwamZm bJVm h¡, Bggo Á`mXm Zht'', do ~mobo&

Vo{b`m| H$s ~mV gwZH$a dm[µOX Vmo K~am J`m& Abr »dmOm Iwe hmoH$a ~mob n‹S>m, ""hÿOya, _¢ Vmo N>h _hrZo nhbo _ŠH$m H$s `mÌm H$aZo J`m Wm& V^r _¢Zo Vob IarXm Wm&'' Vo{b`m| Am¡a Abr »dmOm H$s ~mV gwZH$a g~H$mo dmñV{dH$Vm H$m kmZ hmo J`m& Ibrµ\$m H$mo Ý`m` Ho$ {bE g~yV {_b J`m Wm& Ibrµ\$m Zo hgZ H$mo YÝ`dmX {X`m Am¡a dm[µOX go H$hm {H$, ""AmnZo Abr »dmOm Ho$ K‹S>o go Vob Am¡a _moha| {ZH$mbr h¢& Amn CÝh| dm{ng H$s{OE Am¡a Mmoar Am¡a {dídmgKmV Ho$ AnamY H$s gµOm ^mo{JE&'' Ibrµ\$m Zo hgZ H$mo ~hþV gmam nwañH$ma {X`m&

Ibrµ\$m Ho$ Xa~ma _| CnpñWV g^r bmoJm| Zo hgZ H$s gyP-~yP Am¡a Ý`m` H$s ^y[a-^y[a àe§gm H$s&

*****

eãXmW© :

O_mZm - g_`, _moha - {gŠH$m, VhImZm - µO_rZ Ho$ ZrMo ~Zm H$_am, XmdV - moO H$m {Z_§ÌU, ~rdr - nËZr, AXmbV-Ý`m`mb`, g~yV - gmjr, {H$gr ~mV H$mo {gÕ H$aZo H$m à_mU, Anrb - àmW©Zm, {H$ñgm - H$hmZr, ^of - dof, Vobr - Vob {ZH$mbZodmbm, Om±M - narjm, {dídmgKmV - YmoIm XoZm, gyP-~yP - g_PXmar, ^yar-^yar - Iy~, AË`§V&

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

34

_whmdao :

{ga IwObmZm - gmoMZmn¡am| Vbo µO_rZ {IgH$Zm - K~am OmZm, AmKmV hmoZm{ga nH$‹S>H$a ~¡R>Zm - qMVm H$aZmH$hm-gwZr hmoZm - ~mVm| H$s b‹S>mB© hmoZm

Aä`mg

I. _m¡{IH$ àíZ -

1) Abr »dmOm Zo H$hm± OmZo H$m {ZíM` {H$`m ?

2) dm[µOX Zo VhImZo H$s Mm~r XoVo hþE Š`m H$hm?

3) dm[µOX Zo _moham| H$mo H$hm± [N>nmH$a aIm?

4) Omo b‹S>H$m Ý`m`mYre ~Zm Wm, CgH$m Zm_ Š`m Wm?

5) hgZ Zo Vo{b`m| go Š`m H$hm?

{b{IV àíZ -

II. EH$ dmŠ` _| CÎma {b{IE :

1) Abr »dmOm Zo AnZr O_m ny±Or H$hm± aIZo H$m

{ZíM` {H$`m?

2) AnZo Vob H$m K‹S>m aIVo hþE Abr »dmOm Zo Š`m H$hm?

3) Vob Ho$ K‹S>o _| {H$VZo gmoZo H$s _moha§o Wr§?

4) PJ‹S>o H$mo ~‹T>Vo XoIH$a bmoJm| Zo Š`m H$hm?

5) Xa~ma _| Ibrµ\$m Zo b‹S>Ho$ go Š`m H$hm?

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

35

III. Xmo - VrZ dmŠ`m| _| CÎma {b{IE :

1) Abr »dmOm Zo _moham| H$mo dm[µOX Ho$ `hm± aIZo H$m {ZíM`

Š`m| {H$`m?

2) dm[µOX H$s nËZr Zo Cgo Š`m gwPmd {X`m?

3) _moha| nyN>Zo na dm[µOX Zo Š`m H$hm?

4) Abr »dmOm Zo Ibrµ\$m go Š`m| Anrb H$s?

5) hgZ H$s g_PXmar H¡$gr Wr?

IV. Mma-nm±M dmŠ`m| _| CÎma {b{IE :

1) dm[µOX Zo AnZo {_Ì Ho$ gmW H¡$go {dídmgKmV {H$`m?

2) dm[µOX H$mo Am{Ia Ý`m` H¡$go {_bm?

V. CXmhaU Ho$ AZwgma àoaUmW©H$ {H«$`m ê$n {b{IE :

H$aZm H$amZm H$admZm

~ZZm ------ --------

{bIZm ------ --------

H$mQ>Zm H$Q>mZm H$Q>dmZm

H$m±nZm ------ --------

OmJZm ------ --------

R>haZm R>hamZm R>hadmZm

nH$‹S>Zm ----- ------

g_PZm ----- -----

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

36

VI. CXmhaU Ho$ AZwgma ~hþdMZ-ê$n {b{IE :

Kmo‹S>m - Kmo‹S>o Ka - Ka

K‹S>m - --------- ì`mnmar - -------

PJ‹S>m - --------- Vob - --------- `mX - `mX| `mÌm - `mÌmE± amV - --------- gw{dYm - ---------- MrµO - --------- bVm - ----------

VII. [aŠV ñWmZm| _| ghr nagJ© ^[aE :

nwamZo µO_mZo ............. EH$ ì`mnmar ahVm Wm, Zm_ Wm

CgH$m Abr »dmOm& ì`mnma H$aVo-H$aVo O~ CgHo nmg EH$ hµOma

gmoZo .................._moha| BH$Q²>R>r hmo JBª Vmo CgZo _ŠH$m earµ\$

.............. `mÌm ............ {ZíM` {H$`m&

VIII. ZrMo {bIo {deofU-{deoî`m| H$m {_bmZ H$s{OE :

nwamZm - Vob

~hþV gmao - àe§gm

Wmo‹S>m - µO_mZm

nŠHo$ - _oh_mZ

^y[a-^y[a - g~yV

IX. AW©nyU© dmŠ` ~ZmBE :

1) bo bm¡Q>H$a go _ŠH$m by±Jm&

2) XmdV Ho$ {XZ dm[µOX EH$ Ka Wr _|&

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

37

3) CbQ>o Ka Ho$ dm[µOX nm±d J`m dh&

4) OmE {H$`m Š`m A~ bJm gmoMZo dh?

X. CXmhaU Ho$ AZwgma dmŠ`m| H$mo ~X{bE :

1) CgZo AnZm {ga IwObm`m

2) CgZo gmoMm

3) b‹S>Ho$ Zo ~Vm`m

4) Ibrµ\$m Zo hgZ H$s àe§gm H$s

5) hgZ Zo XmoZmo§ H$s ~mV| gwZt

dh AnZm {ga-IwObmZo bJm&

..............................&

..............................&

..............................&

..............................&

XI. AnZo dmŠ`m| _| à`moJ H$s{OE :

1) BH$Q²>R>m H$aZm 2) `mX AmZm

3) {N>nmH$a aIZm 4) dmng H$aZm

5) ^y[a-^y[a

`mo½`Vm {dñVma :

* Aao{~`Z ZmBQ²>g H$s AÝ` Xmo H$hm{Z`m± n{‹T>E Am¡a H$jm _|

gwZmBE &

* Bg H$hmZr H$m EH$m§H$s Ho$ ê$n _| _§MZ H$s{OE &

*****

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

38

nmR> - 6

amIr ~m±YH$a no‹S>m| go [aíVm

- àkm

Ame` : `h nmR> bo{IH$m H$s nwñVH$ "Vmam H$s Abda `mÌm' go {b`m J`m h¡Ÿ& Abda _| bmoJm| Zo nmZr, O§Jb VWm new-n{j`m| H$s gwajm Ho$ {bE H$X_ CR>mH$a AnZr ~Xhmbr H$mo Iwehmbr _| ~Xb {X`m h¡Ÿ& N>mÌm| H$mo Bggo n`m©daU gwajm Ho$ gmW-gmW _mZd Ho$ l_ VWm hm¡gbo H$m _hËd ^r kmV hmoVm h¡Ÿ&

Abdma Ho$ bmoJ nmZr H$s OrdZX{`Zr e{³V nmH$a O¡go Ob,

O§Jb Am¡a µO_rZ Ho$ à{V g_n©U H$s ^mdZm aIZo bJo, Bgo ~‹S>o hr

amoMH$ VarHo$ go MmMmOr Zo ~Vm`mŸ& CÝhm|Zo h_go EH$ gdmb {H$`m,

""Š`m Vw_ Yam‹S>r H$m AW© ~Vm gH$Vo hmo?'' h_ MwnŸ& ""Aao ^B©, eãX

na Ü`mZ Xmo-Yamoha, YmaUm, YmaU H$aZm Am¡a Š`m!'' h_| A~ ^r

g_P Zht Am`mŸ& A~ MmMm Or Zo ~mV ImobH$a g_PmB©, ""amOñWmZ

_| Yam‹S>r eãX H$m {ZpíMV AW© h¡Ÿ& `hm± EH$ na§nam h¡ {H$ ha n[adma,

Hw$b H$s EH$-EH$ Yam‹S>r h¡Ÿ& `h Yam‹S>r _yb ê$n go d¥jm| H$s,

Ord-O§VwAm| H$s ajm H$m ^md h¡Ÿ& Bg na§nam Ho$ gmW H$B© H$WmE± ^r

Mbr Am ahr h¢, O¡go-{H$gr H$ï> Ho$ _m¡Ho$ na n[adma H$mo AemoH$, H$X§~,

~aJX Am{X d¥jm| Zo ghm`Vm nhþ±MmB© Vmo bmoJm| Zo AmOrdZ Cg d¥j Ho$

gå_mZ _| Cgo Z H$mQ>Zo H$m {ZU©` {b`mŸ& BZ bmoH$ H$WmAm| H$mo AmO Ho$

bmoJ Z ^r _mZ|, na§Vw Yam‹S>r H$m AW© d¥j H$s ajm H$m Omo ^md XoVm h¡,

dh {ZpíMV hr _Zwî` H$mo n`m©daU go Omo‹S>Zo dmbm h¡Ÿ& Yam‹S>r H$s `h

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

39

na§nam BZgmZr OrdZ _| d¥j na h_mar {Z^©aVm, h_mao OrdZ _| d¥j H$s

A{Zdm ©Vm Am¡a CgHo$ g§ajU go Ow‹S>r hþB© h¡Ÿ& àH¥${V Ho$ AZw{MV XmohZ H$m

H$m`© Bggo EH$ hX VH$ amoH$m `m gr{_V {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& Bgr Vah

Vw_ Ord-O§VwAm| Ho$ g§X^© _| ^r XoImo {H$ amOñWmZ H$m {~íZmoB© g_mO

H$mbo {haU H$mo AnZr Yam‹S>r _mZVm h¡Ÿ&'' {H$VZr gw§Xa Am¡a amo_m§MH$ h¢

`o bmoH$H$WmE± Omo BZgmZ Ho$ no‹S>-nm¡Ym| Am¡a new-n{j`m| go _Ywa g§~§Ym|

H$s JmWm H$hVr h¢Ÿ& BÝh| gwZH$a T>oam| {OkmgmE± {ga CR>mVr h¢Ÿ& _oam _Z

H$ht ^Q>H$-gm J`m {Ogo A§VV… MmMmOr H$s AmdmµO Zo {Xem {XImB©Ÿ&

MmMmOr ~Vm aho Wo {H$ Abda Ho$ bmoJ d¥jm| Ho$ _hÎd H$mo OmZ

JE h¢ Am¡a AnZr Yam‹S>r H$s hr Zht, Xygam| H$s Yam‹S>r H$s ^r ajm H$a

aho h¢Ÿ& BVZm hr Zht, do àH¥${V go Ho$db µOê$aV ^a gm_J«r bo aho h¢,

CgH$m AZmdí`H$ XmohZ Zht H$a ahoŸ& d¥j amonZo H$m H$m_ Vmo bmoJm| Zo

~‹S>o n¡_mZo na {H$`m hr h¡, gmW hr no‹S>m| H$mo amIr ~m±YH$a CZgo EH$

Or{dV [aíVm ^r ~Zm`m h¡Ÿ& Ob Am¡a O§Jb ~MmZo _| Jm±ddmgr g{H«$`

^y{_H$m {Z^m aho h¢Ÿ& AnZo n[al_ Am¡a g§J{R>V e{ŠV Ho$ AmYma na

BÝhm|Zo gÀMo n`m©daU ào_ H$m CXmhaU Xoe Ho$ g_j aIm h¡Ÿ& {dH$mg

H$s Bg amh na MbH$a BÝhm|Zo AnZr gm_m{OH$-Am{W©H$ pñW{V H$mo ^r

gwYmam h¡Ÿ& Ob Zo OrdZ {X`m Am¡a OrdZ Zo J«hU {H$`m Z`m AmH$maŸ&

OZ OmJ¥{V Zo {ejm Ho$ _hÎd H$mo OmZmŸ& ~ÀMm| Am¡a _{hbmAm| H$s

{ejm H$mo Z`m Amg_mZ {_bmŸ& amoµOJma Ho$ ZE Adga àmá hþEŸ&

""MoVZm g§nÞ, g§gmYZ g§nÞ Abda Ho$ H$B© Jm±d AmO Xoe Ho$

~Xhmb Jm±dm| Ho$ {bE EH$ ~ohVa CXmhaU Vmo h¢ hr, gmW hr `o Jm±d

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

40

Abda H$s gr_m go {ZH$bH$a AÝ` Jm±dm| _| ~Xbmd bmZo H$s Ñ{ï> go

^r H$m`©aV h¢Ÿ&'' MmMmOr Ho$ ñda _| AmoO Wm, ""Z{X`m| Ed§ Jm±dm| H$mo

{_bm `h ZdOrdZ {H$gr M_ËH$ma go H$_ Zht h¡, na§Vw Bg M_ËH$ma Ho$

nrN>o H$moB© OmXy-Q>moZm, O§Ì-_§Ì Zht, ~{ëH$ {N>nm h¡ BZgmZ H$m hm¡gbm,

CgH$s {hå_V Am¡a AnZo l_ _| CgH$s AQy>Q> AmñWmŸ&''

H$hmZr `hm± AmH$a éH$s hr Wr {H$ MmMrOr, _m± Am¡a {nVmOr Ho$

g~« H$m ~m±Y Qy>Q> J`mŸ& `y± ^r MmMm Or AnZr ~o{_gmb H$hmZr gwZm hr

MwHo$ WoŸ& MmMrOr Zo _m±-{nVmOr H$s _XX go ImZm _oµO na gOm {X`m

WmŸ& gbmX H$s Wmbr XoIVo hr _¢ g_P JB© {H$ Q>_mQ>a H$mo H$mQ>H$a

\y$b H$m AmH$ma XoZo H$s H$bmH$mar {nVmOr H$s hr h¡Ÿ& gmar V¡`mar

XoIH$a Am¡a hdm _| \¡$br ñdm{Xï> ImZo H$s J§Y Zo h_mar yI H$mo M_H$m

{X`mŸ& BgHo$ gmW hr MmMrOr H$m g»V AmXoe ^r Wm - "A~ ~mV|

H$_, ImZm µµÁ`mXmŸ&' ImZo H$s _oµO na MmMrOr Zo ~Vm`m {H$ AmO H$m

ImZm nH$mZo _| _w»` ^y{_H$m Vw_ bmoJm| Ho$ H$WmdmMH$ MmMmOr H$s h¡,

{OÝhm|Zo amOñWmZr ^moOZ {deof ê$n go V¡`ma {H$`m h¡Ÿ& ImZo _| ~ogZ Ho$

JQ²>Q>o H$s agoXma gãµOr, Xmb~mQ>r-Mya_m, nmn‹S> H$s gãµOr, {_Mu d‹S>m

O¡go ñdm{Xï> ì`§OZ WoŸ& Abda H$s `h `mÌm A^r VH$ amOñWmZr ImZo

Ho$ {~Zm AYyar WrŸ& Bg AYyaonZ H$mo MmMmOr Am¡a MmMrOr Ho$ g§`wŠV

à`mg Zo nyam H$a {X`mŸ&

ImZm ImVo hþE h_ g~Zo AZw^d {H$`m {H$ MmMmOr d MmMrOr

XmoZm| hr nmH$-H$bm _| _m{ha h¢Ÿ& {OVZo ào_nyd©H$ CÝhm|Zo h_go ~mV| H$s¨

CVZo hr ào_ go ^moOZ namogm Am¡a AmJ«h H$a-H$aHo$ {Ibm`m ^rŸ& ImZo

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

41

Ho$ ~mX {_ï>mÞ _| Abda H$s Img {_R>mB© H$bmH§$X h_mao gm_Zo WrŸ&

VmµOm Am¡a Iwe~yXma H$bmH§$X Ho$ gm_Zo AmZo na, noQ> ^am hþAm hmoZo Ho$

~mdOyX _w±h _| nmZr Am J`mŸ& h_ g~Zo _µOo bo-boH$a H$bmH§$X C‹S>m`mŸ&

ImZo Ho$ ~mX MmMmOr d {nVmOr Q>hbZo Ho$ {bE ~mha {ZH$b JEŸ& CZHo$

nrN>o go h_ g~Zo EH$ àñVmd nmg H$a S>mbm {H$ AmO amV h_ MmMmOr

Ho$ Ka hr éH|$JoŸ& Wmo‹S>r Xoa _| do bmoJ nmZ ImH$a bm¡Q> AmEŸ& {nVmOr

Zo J§^raVmnyd©H$ H$hm, ""XoImo ~ÀMmo, _¢ H$B© ~agm| Ho$ ~mX AnZo XmoñV

go {_bm Wm Am¡a AmVo hr Vw_Zo _oam g_` H$hmZr gwZZo Ho$ {bE bo

{b`mŸ& Bg{bE AmO amV h_ `ht éH|$JoŸ& A~ Vw_ bmoJ gmoZo OmAmoŸ&

h_ XmoñV AnZr ~mV| H$a|JoŸ&'' {nVmOr H$s Bg ~mV na h_Zo µOmoa H$m

R>hmH$m bJm`m, Š`m|{H$ h_ Vmo nhbo hr Eogm àñVmd nmg H$a MwHo$ WoŸ&

*****

bo{IH$m n[aM` - àkm

{Xëbr {díd{dX²`mb` Ho$ {H$amo‹S>r_b H$m°boO _| arS>a Ho$ nX na

H$m`©aV àkm Or H$m OÝ_ {Xëbr _| 28 Aà¡b 1971 H$mo hþAm WmŸ&

AmnZo {hÝXr gm{hË` _| nrEM.S>r. H$s Cnm{Y àmá H$s h¡Ÿ& amï´>r`

ZmQ²>`-{dX²`mb` H$s Amoa go BZH$s nwñVH$ "ZwŠH$‹S> ZmQ>H$-aMZm Am¡a

àñVw{V' H$m àH$meZ hmb hr _| hþAm h¡Ÿ& {d{^Þ g_mMma nÌ VWm

gm{hpË`H$ n{ÌH$mAm| _| BZHo$ boI àH$m{eV hmoVo ahVo h¢Ÿ& AmH$medmUr

VWm XyaXe©Z Ho$ {bE ^r Amn aMZmE± H$aVr ahVr h¢Ÿ&

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

42

eãXmW© :

Yam‹S>r - Yamoha, XmohZ - AË`{YH$ Cn`moJ, {Okmgm - OmZ-

Zo H$s BÀN>m, g_j - gm_Zo, ~o{_gmb - AZwn_ ({OgHo$ g_mZ

Xygam Z hmo), H$WmdmMH$ - H$hmZr n‹T>H$a gwZmZo dmbm, _m{ha - Hw$eb,

R>hmH$m bJmZm - Omoa go h±gZmŸ&

Aä`mg

I. _m¡{IH$ -

1) MmMmOr Zo Yam‹S>r eãX H$m AW© Š`m g_Pm`m ?

2) bmoJm| Zo d¥j Z H$mQ>Zo H$m {ZU©` Š`m| {b`m ?

3) {~íZmoB© g_mO H$s Yam‹S>r Š`m h¡ ?

4) MmMmOr Am¡a MmMrOr Zo H¡$gm ^moOZ ~Zm`m Wm?

5) MmMmOr Am¡a {nVmOr ImZm ImZo Ho$ ~mX H$hm± JE ?

6) {nVmOr H$s ~mV gwZH$a ~ÀMm| Zo Š`m {H$`m ?

II. {b{IV -

A) EH$ dmŠ` _| CÎma {b{IE :

1) Abda Ho$ bmoJ {H$gHo$ à{V g_n©U H$s ^mdZm aIVo Wo ?

2) Yam‹S>r H$s na§nam go {H$go gr{_V {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡ ?

3) Abda Ho$ bmoJm| Zo no‹S>m| go H¡$gm [aíVm ~Zm`m h¡ ?

4) Abda Ho$ bmoJ {H$gH$m XmohZ Zht H$aVo ?

5) {dH$mg H$s amh na MbH$a Š`m gwYmam J`m ?

6) {nVmOr Zo Š`m H$bmH$mar {XImB© ?

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

43

7) MmMrOr Zo Š`m AmXoe {X`m ? 8) ^moOZ {H$g àH$ma V¡`ma {H$`m J`m Wm ? 9) MmMmOr d MmMrOr {H$g_| _m{ha Wo ? 10) Abda H$s Img {_R>mB© H$m¡Z-gr h¡ ?

Am) Mma-nm±M dmŠ`m| _| CÎma Xr{OE :

1) MmMmOr Zo amOñWmZ _| Yam‹S>r na§nam Ho$ ~mao _| Š`m ~Vm`m? 2) Abda Ho$ bmoJm| Zo àH¥${V Am¡a no‹S>m| H$s ghm`Vm go {H$g àH$ma {dH$mg H$s amh àmá H$s ? 3) amOñWmZr ImZo _| {deof ê$n go Š`m-Š`m ~Zm`m J`m Wm? 4) `{X Abda Ho$ bmoJm| Zo àH¥${V-g§ajU H$m H$X_ Z CR>m`m hmoVm Vmo CZHo$ Jm±d H$s Š`m Xem hmo gH$Vr Wr, AnZr H$ënZm go {b{IEŸ&

B) {ZåZ{b{IV dmŠ` {H$gZo, {H$ggo H$hm :

1) ""Š`m Vw_ Yam‹S>r H$m AW© ~Vm gH$Vo hmo ?'' 2) ""A~ ~mV| H$_, ImZm µµÁ`mXmŸ&'' 3) ""A~ Vw_ bmoJ gmoZo OmAmo, h_ XmoñV bmoJ AnZr ~mV| H$a|JoŸ&''

B©) Ame` ñnï> H$s{OE : 1) h Yam‹S>r _yb ê$n _| d¥jm| H$s, Ord-OÝVwAm| H$s ajm H$m md h¡& 2) Bg M_ËH$ma Ho$ nrN>o H$moB© OmXy-Q>moZm, O§Ì-_§Ì Zht, ~pëH$ {N>nm h¡ BZgmZ H$m hm¡gbm, CgH$s {hå_V Am¡a AnZo l_ _|

CgH$s AQy>Q> AmñWmŸ&

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

44

^mfm - ~moYH$) nmR> _| AmE BZ eãXm| na Ü`mZ X| :

1) {Z^©aVm = {Z^©a + Vm, 2) A{Zdm`©Vm = A{Zdm`© + Vm

BZ eãXm| _| "Vm' àË`` Omo‹S>H$a ^mddmMH$ g§kmAm| H$m {Z_m©U

{H$`m J`m h¡Ÿ& Bgr àH$ma nm±M AÝ` eãXm| H$m {Z_m©U H$s{OEŸ&

3) AZmdí`H$ = AZ²> + Amdí`H$

~o{_gmb = ~o + {_gmb

AQy>Q> = A + Qy>Q>

Anì`` = An + ì``

"AZ²>', "~o', "A', "An' Am{X Omo‹S>H$a {dbmo_ eãXm| H$m {Z_m©U

{H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& ZrMo {XE eãXm| Ho$ {dbmo_ eãX nmR> _| go Ty>±T>H$a

{b{IE :

1) {ZpîH«$` 2) Iwehmb 3) A{ZpíMV

4) An_mZ 5) C{MV 6) AZmdí`H$

7) {ZOud 8) ~oñdmX 9) ~mgr 10) ~X~yXma

I) VmµOm, Iwe~yXma, ñdm{Xï> Am{X eãX {H$gr ImX²>` nXmW© H$s

{deofVm `m JwU ~VmVo h¢Ÿ& `o JwUdmMH$ {deofU H$hbmVo h¢ &

JwUdmMH$ {deofU dñVw H$m ê$n, a§J, AmH$ma, H$mb, ñne©,

ñdmX Am{X H$m ~moY H$amVo h¢Ÿ& {ZåZ{b{IV CXmhaUm| Ho$ AmJo

Xmo-Xmo AÝ` CXmhaU {b{IE :

1) ~‹S>m 2) àmMrZ 3) _wbm`_ 4) _rR>m 5) Jmob

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

45

J) {ZX}emZwgma [aŠV ñWmZ ^[aE :

1) MmMmOr ........... AmdmµO ........... {Xem {XImB©Ÿ&

(H$maH$ {Mh²Zm| go nyU© H$s{OE)

2) {~íZmoB© g_mO H$mbo {haZ H$mo AnZr Yam‹S>r _mZVm ........&

("Wm' H$m dV©_mZ H$mb ê$n {b{IE)

3) ............. ImZo H$s J§Y Zo h_mar ^yI H$mo M_H$m {X`mŸ&

({deofU eãX {b{IE)

4) Wmo‹S>r Xoa _| do bmoJ nmZ ImH$a ...........Ÿ&

(C{MV {H«$`m nX {b{IE)

5) CÝhm|Zo h_go ~hþV ........... ~mV| H$sŸ&

({H«$`m-{deofU eãX {b{IE)

IV. {ZåZ{b{IV AZwÀNo>X _| C{MV {dam_m{X {Mh²Z> bJmBE :

CÝhm|Zo h_go EH$ gdmb {H$`m Š`m Vw_ Yam‹S>r H$m AW© ~Vm gH$Vo

hmo h_ Mwn Aao ^B© eãX na Ü`mZ Xmo Yamoha YmaUm YmaU H$aZm Am¡a

Š`m h_| A~ r g_P Zht Am`m A~ MmMmOr Zo ~mV ImobH$a g_PmB©

amOñWmZ _| Yam‹S>r eãX H$m {ZpíMV AW© h¡ `hm± EH$ na§nam h¡ {H$ ha

n[adma Hw$b H$s EH$-EH$ Yam‹S>r h¡

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

46

`mo½`Vm - {dñVma :

* amOñWmZ Ho$ ~mao _| A{YH$ OmZH$mar àmá H$s{OE Am¡a Cggo

gå~§{YV {MÌm| H$m g§J«h H$aHo$ AnZo {dX²`mb` Ho$ gyMZm -

nQ²>Q> na àX{e©V H$s{OEŸ&

* n`m©daU-g§ajU _| N>mÌm| H$s Š`m ^y{_H$m hmo gH$Vr h¡? H$jm

_| MMm© H$s{OEŸ&

* amOñWmZr ì`§OZm| H$s Vah H$Zm©Q>H$ Ho$ AmnHo$ BbmHo$ Ho$ {d{eï>

^moOZ H$s H$jm _| MMm© H$s{OEŸ&

*****

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

47

nmR>-7

H$a Mbo h_ {µ\$Xm

- H¡$µ\$s AmµO_r

Ame` : qOXJr g~H$mo ß`mar hmoVr h¡& _Ja Xoe H$s ajm H$aZodmbo g¡{ZH$m| H$m OrdZ Bggo {dnarV hmoVm h¡& do h_oem Xþí_Zm| go b‹S>Zo hoVw AnZm grZm VmZH$a I‹S>o ahVo h¢& Bg{bE H${d AnZo dVZ H$mo CZHo$ hdmbo H$a aho h¢&

H$a Mbo h_ {µ\$Xm OmZmo-VZ gm{W`mo,

A~ Vwåhmao hdmbo dVZ gm{W`mo &&

gm±g W_Vr JB©, ZãµO O_Vr JB©,

{\$a ^r ~‹T>Vo H$X_ H$mo Z éH$Zo {X`m&

H$Q> JE ga h_mao Vmo Hw$N> µJ_ Zht,

ga {h_mb` H$m h_Zo Z PwH$Zo {X`m&

qOXm ahZo Ho$ _m¡g_ ~hþV h¢, _Ja

OmZ XoZo H$s éV amoµO AmVr Zht&

amh Hw$~m©{Z`m| H$s Z dramZ hmo,

Vw_ gOmVo hr ahZm ZE H$m{µ\$bo&

µ\$Vh H$m OíZ Bg OíZ Ho$ ~mX h¡,

qOXJr _m¡V go {_b ahr h¡ Jbo&

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

48

ItM Xmo AnZo Iy± go O_t na bH$sa,

Bg Vaµ\$ AmZo nmE Z Xþí_Z H$moB©&

Vmo‹S> Xmo hmW AJa hmW CR>Zo bJo,

Ny> Z nmE µO_rZ H$m Xm_Z H$moB©&

~m±Y bmo AnZo ga go H$µ\$Z gm{W`mo,

A~ Vwåhmao hdmbo dVZ gm{W`mo&&

*****

H${d n[aM` : H¡$µ\$r AmµO_r

AVha hþg¡Z [aµOdr H$m OÝ_ 19 OZdar 1919 H$mo CÎma àXoe

Ho$ AmµO_J‹T> [µObo _| _O_m§ Jm±d _| hþAm& AX~ H$s Xþ{Z`m _| AmJo

MbH$a do H¡$µ\$r AmµO_r Zm_ go _ehÿa hþE& H¡$µ\$r AmµO_r Or H$s

JUZm àJ{Verb CX©ÿ H${d`m| H$s nhbr n§{ŠV _| H$s OmVr h¡&

H¡$µ\$r Or H$s H${dVmAm| _| EH$ Amoa gm_m{OH$ Am¡a amOZ¡{VH$

OmJê$H$Vm H$m g_mdoe h¡ Vmo Xÿgar Amoa öX` H$s H$mo_bVm ^r h¡&

AnZr `wdmdñWm _| _wem`am| _| dmh-dmhr nmZo dmbo AmµO_r Zo [µ\$ë_m|

Ho$ {bE g¡H$‹S>m§o ~ohVarZ JrV ^r {bIo h¢&

10 _B© 2002 H$mo Bg Xþ{Z`m go éIgV hþE H¡$µ\$r Or Ho$

nm±M H${dVm-g§J«h P§H$ma, Am{Ia-E-e~, Amdmam gµO§Xo, ga_m`m

Am¡a [µ\$ë_r JrVm| H$m g§J«h _oar AmdmµO gwZmo àH$m{eV hþE& AnZo

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

49

aMZmH$_© Ho$ {bE H¡$µ\$r Or H$mo gm{hË` AH$mX_r nwañH$ma g{hV H$B©

nwañH$mam| go ZdmµOm J`m& H¡$µ\$r Or H$bmH$mam| Ho$ n[adma go Wo& nËZr

em¡H$V AmµO_r, ~oQ>r e~mZm AmµO_r _ehÿa A{^Zo{Ì`m± h¢&

eãXmW© :

[µ\$Xm - Ý`moN>mda, VZ - eara, hdmbo - de _|, hdmbo H$aZm -

gm¢nZm, W_Zm - éH$Zm, ZãµO - Zm‹S>r, J_ - Xþ…I, ga - {ga, éV -

_m¡g_, G$¥Vw; Hw$~m©Zr - ~{bXmZ, dramZ - O§Jb, CO‹S>m hþAm, {ZO©Z,

emo^ma{hV; H$m{\$bm - m{Ì`m| H$m g_yh, µ\$Vh - OrV, OíZ - CËgd,

g_mamoh; Iy± - IyZ, bH$sa - aoIm, Vmo‹S> - H$mQ>, Xm_Z - Am±Mb,

nëby; H$µ\$Z - ed na Amo‹T>mZo H$m Z`m dñÌ&

{Q>ßnUr :

AmµO_r Or CXÿ© H${d hmoZo Ho$ ZmVo H${dVm _| µÁ`mXm go µÁ`mXm

CXÿ©-\$magr eãXm| H$m à`moJ hþAm h¡&

Aä`mg

I. EH$ dmŠ` _| CÎma {b{IE :

1. H${d AnZo dVZ H$mo {H$gHo$ hdmbo H$a aho h¢?

2. H${dVm _| H${d {H$ZH$mo "gm{W`mo' H$h aho h¢?

3. h_| {H$g ~mV H$m µJ_ Zht h¡?

4. H$m¡Z-gr G$¥Vw amoµO Zht AmVr?

5. H$m¡Z Jbo {_b ahm h¡?

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

50

II. Xmo-VrZ dmŠ`m| _| CÎma {b{IE :

1. "ga {h_mb` H$m h_Zo Z PwH$Zo {X`m'-Bg n§{ŠV H$m ^md

Š`m h¡? `hm± {h_mb` {H$gH$m àVrH$ h¡?

2. H${d Zo EH$ OíZ Ho$ ~mX Xÿgao OíZ H$s ~mV H$hr h¡& `o

H$m¡Z-H$m¡Z go OíZ h¢?

3. "IyZ go bH$sa ItMZm'-Bg n§{º$ H$m ^md Š`m h¡? Am¡a

`h bH$sa ItMZo H$s Š`m Amdí`H$Vm h¡?

III. ^md ñnï> H$s{OE :

1. gm±g W_Vr JB©, ZãµO O_Vr JB©,

{\$a ^r ~‹T>Vo H$X_ H$mo Z éH$Zo {X`m&

2. ~m±Y bmo AnZo ga go H$µ\$Z gm{W`mo,

A~ Vwåhmao hdmbo dVZ gm{W`mo&&

IV. H${dVm _| Hw$N> {d{eï> dmŠ`m§em| H$m à`moJ {H$`m J`m h¡&

BZH$m ^mdmW© AnZo eãXm| _| {b{IE :

O¡go: 1. gm±g W_ OmZm - WH$mdQ> Ho$ H$maU gm±g éH$ OmZm

2. ga H$Q> OmZm -

3. ga PwH$Zo Z XoZm -

4. _m¡V go Jbo {_bZm -

5. µO_rZ H$m Xm_Z Ny>Zm -

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

51

V. Ü`mZ a{IE - g§~moYZ _| ~hþdMZ ê$n na AZwñdma H$m à`moJ

Zht hmoVm& Amn H$moB© Eogo nm±M ~hþdMZ g§~moYZ eãX {b{IE :

O¡goo : gm{W`mo (gm{W`mo§ Zht)

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

VI. H${dVm go n`m©`dmMr CXÿ© eãX Ty>±‹T>H$a {b{IE :

1. Ý`moNm>da -

2. Zm‹S>r -

3. àmU -

4. à{V{XZ -

5. ~{bXmZ -

6. OrV -

7. CËgd -

8. aŠV -

VII. dVZ Ho$ {bE OmZ XoZo na ^r h_| µJ_ Zht hmoVm& Amn H$moB©

Eogo Mma {df` {b{IE {OÝh| H$aZo na AmnH$mo µJ_ Zht hmoVm :

1. ...................................

2. ...................................

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

52

3. ...................................

4. ...................................

`mo½`Vm {dñVma :

* {Z_m©Vm MoVZ AmZ§X H$s {\$ë_ "hH$sH$V' Ho$ {bE H${d H¡$µ\$r

AmµO_r Or Zo h JrV {bIm h¡& h JrV gw{ZE& AnZo ñHy$b

Ho$ {H$gr g_mamoh _| Bgo gm_y{hH$ ê$n go JmBE&

* AmµOmX hmoZo Ho$ ~mX g~go _w{íH$b H$m_ h¡ "AmµOmXr H$mo

~ZmE aIZm&' - Bg {df` na H$jm _| MMm© H$s{OE&‹

*****

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

53

nyaH$ dmMZê$n§ Xo{h

- gw{_ÌmZ§XZ n§V

`o ^maV Ho$ J«m_ {Zdmgr,jw{YV Xoh _Z, Am±Io§ ß`mgr,OrdZ d¡^d go hm| n[a{MV !BÝh| ê$n Xmo !

Ka Ka JrV dg§V Jw±OmAmo,BÝÐYZwf G$Vw KZ \$hamAmo,a§J J§Y _Yw _| ZhbmAmo,bmoJ ah| Z A^md A{h J«{gV !BÝh| ê$n Xmo !

~mh²`> ê$n hmo n{hbo gw§Xa,OmZ| OZ, OrdZ à^w H$m da,XoI| B©ída H$m _wI ~mha,N>±Q>o Ñ{ï> V_ Á`mo{V_ª{S>V !BÝh| ê$n Xmo !

Ywbo Agw§XaVm VZ-_Z H$s,^` g§e` Hw§$R>m jU-jU H$s,{_Q>o X{_V V¥îUm OrdZ H$s,nrE± A§Vg²> g[aV H$m A_¥V !

BÝh| ê$n Xmo !

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

54

ZJa ZaH$, - OZ H$sU© AàmH¥$V,

J«m_ ñdJ© hm|, g§K {dHo$pÝÐV,

gab gm¡å` gmpËdH$ OrdZ {_V,

{e{jV Z hm|, bmoJ hm| g§ñH¥$V !

BÝh| ê$n Xmo !

^maV Ho$ OZ J«m_ {Zdmgr,

_Zwî`Ëd Ho$ hm| A{^bmfr,

^y g§nX OZ l_ H$s Xmgr,

OrdZ aMZm hmo {XH$²> Hw$gw{_VŸ!

BÝh| ê$n Xmo !

- "`wJdmUr' go

A) EH$ dmŠ` _| CÎma {b{IE :

1) H${d {H$go ê$n XoZm MmhVo h¢ ?

2) VZ-_Z go Š`m Ywb OmE ?

3) H${d H$mo ZJa H¡$gm bJVm h¡ ?

4) J«m_ {Zdmgr {H$gHo$ A{^bmfr hm| ?

5) ^y g§nX {H$gH$s Xmgr h¡ ?

6) ^maV Ho$ J«m_ {Zdmgr H¡$go h¢ ?

7) ^maV Ho$ J«m_ {Zdmgr H¡$go ~Z| ?

*****

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

55

nmR>-8

XamoOr A^`maÊ` _| ^mby

- g§H${bV

Ame` : new-njr ^r _Zwî` Ho$ ß`ma H$mo Iy~ g_PVo h¢& `{X h_ CÝh| ß`ma H$aVo h¢, Vmo do T>oa-gmam ß`ma h_ na bwQ>mVo h¢& Bg{bE h_| CZHo$ à{V göX` hmoZm Mm{hE& gwëVmZm Zm_H$ ^mby H$s AmË_H$Wm Ho$ ê$n _| aMo J`o àñVwV boI _| Bg ^md H$mo Xem©`m J`m h¡&

dh gw~h ~‹S>r gwhmZr Wr& gwZhar Yyn _| Kmg na Amog H$s ~y±X| M_H$ ahr Wt& _¢ ~‹S>o _µOo go no‹S> na M‹T> ahr Wr& D$na EH$ _Yw_ŠIr H$m N>Îmm Wm& ehX H$s {_R>mg _wPo CgH$s Amoa ItM ahr Wr& _rR>o ehX Ho$ »`mb go hr _oao _w±h go bma Q>nH$ ahr Wr& _oam hmW N>Îmo VH$ nhþ±MZo hr dmbm Wm {H$ _oar nrR> na Omoa H$s bmR>r n‹S>r& _¢ Mm¢H$ H$a XoIZo bJr& _wPo ~hþV ~wam bJ ahm Wm {H$ _oam gnZm Qy>Q> J`m& _m{bH$ Am±I| bmb H$aHo$ _oao gm_Zo I‹S>m Wm& CgZo JaOH$a H$hm - ""gwëVmZm& CR> ! H$m_ na Mb&''

gwëVmZm! `h Zm_ _oao _mVm-{nVm H$m {X`m hþAm Zht h¡& _oam _m{bH$ _wPo Bg Zm_ go nwH$maVm h¡& Zht ! A~ _¢ ~aXmíV Zht H$a gH$Vr& H$~ VH$ _¢ {H$gr H$s Iwer H$s gwëVmZm ~Zr ahÿ±? ‹

_wPo AmO ^r `mX h¡ O~ _¢ Ho$db N>: _hrZo H$r Wr, AnZo _mVm-{nVm, g§Jr-gm{W`m| Ho$ gmW Iy~ IobVr, \$b ImVr, no‹S> na M‹T>Vr, ehX MmQ>Vr& amoO H$s Vah Cg {XZ ^r _¢ AmJo ~‹T> ahr Wr, AMmZH$ _oao _w±h na EH$ ~moar n‹S>r& Am±Im| Ho$ gm_Zo Kwßn A±Yoam N>m

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

56

J`m& O~ Am±I| Iwbt Vmo AnZo-Amn H$mo EH$ A±Yoar H$moR>ar _| nm`m& _oam {Xb K~am ahm Wm, ^yI ^r ~hþV bJ ahr Wr& _¢ {~bIVo hþE _m± H$mo ~wbm ahr Wr& V^r EH$ S>amdZm AmX_r Am`m& CgHo$ hmW _| bmR>r Wr& CgHo$ gmW Am¡a EH$ AmX_r ^r Am`m Wm& {OgHo$ hmWm| _o§ Hw$N> \$b Wo& CgZo do \$b _oao gm_Zo \|$Ho$& _¢ ~hþV ^yIr Wr, nb ^a _| \$b IË_! na ^yI Zht {_Q>r&

CgHo$ ~mX Vmo AmYo noQ> ImH$a gmo OmZm amoO H$s ~mV Jmo JB© h¡& _ma ImZr n‹S>Vr h¡ gmo AbJ& O§Jb _| ñdÀN>§X hmoH$a Ky_Zm, Jw\$mAm| _| ahZm Vmo gnZo _| ^r g§^d Zht h¡& H$‹S>r Yyn hmo `m _ygbmYma dfm©, _wPo _m{bH$ Ho$ gmW g‹S>H$m| na ZmMZm n‹S>Vm h¢& {Og Am¡a _m{bH$ Is¨Mo, Cgr Amoa ~‹T>Zm n‹S>Vm h¡&

_oam ZmM XoIH$a bmoJ Vmbr ~OmVo h¢, Am¡a n¡go \|$H$Vo h¢& Hw$N> ^bo _mZwg _wPo \$b {IbmVo h¢& _wPo g~go AÀN>m V~ bJVm h¡ O~ N>moQ>o ~ÀMo _wPo XoIH$a Iwe hmoVo h¢ Am¡a AnZo ZÝh| hmWm| go _wPo ghbmVo h¢& AmOH$b _wPo ~hþV H$_ {XImB© XoVm h¡, Am±I| H$_Omoa hmo JB© h¢& A^r Vmo {g\©$ 15 gmb H$s h±ÿ& OmZo AmJo Š`m hmoJm?

_¢ ha amoµO B©ída go àmW©Zm H$aZo bJr h±ÿ {H$ dh _wPo Bg H$ï> go _w{º$ {Xbm Xo&

Am{Ia dh {XZ ^r Am J`m& "àm{UX`m g{_{V' Ho$ Hw$N> gXñ`m| Zo _wPo _m{bH$ Ho$ M§Jwb go Nw>‹S>m {b`m& Omo O§Jb, Jw\$mE±, \$b Am{X _¢ Ho$db gnZo _| XoIm H$aVr Wr, AmO CÝh| AnZo gm_Zo XoI ahr h±ÿ& `h XamoOr ^mby-Ym_ h¡& Bg A^`maÊ` H$mo h_ O¡go ^mbwAm| H$s ajm Ho$ {bE hr ~Zm`m J`m h¡&

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

57

XamoOr A^`maÊ` ~ëbmar {Obo Ho$ hmognoQ> go bJ^J 25 {H$._r.H$s Xÿar na h¡& 587.30 hoŠQ>oa VH$ \¡$bo dZ àXoe H$mo AŠVy~a 1994 _| gaH$ma Zo XamoOr A^`maÊ` Ho$ Zm_ go Kmo{fV {H$`m& `h dÝ`Ym_ gmao E{e`m _| ^mbwAm| Ho$ {bE Kmo{fV {H$`m J`m gd©àW_ A^`maÊ` h¡&

nWarbr Jw\$mAm| go ^ao Bg dZ àXoe _| Pm‹S>Xma dZ h¢, {Og_| grVm\$b, _hþAm, Om_yZ, ~oa Am{X \$bm| Ho$ no‹S> h¢ Omo ^mbwAm| Ho$ ng§XrXm Amhma h¡& _Yw_ŠIr Ho$ N>Îmo d Mt{Q>`m| H$s ~m±{~`m± ^r A{YH$ _mÌm _| nmB© OmVr h¢, Omo ^mbwAm| H$mo AÀN>r bJVr h¢&

nwamUm| _| VWm am_m`U d _hm^maV _o§ {H$pîH¨$Ym ZJa Ho$ ê$n _| Bg àXoe H$m CëboI h¡& `h àXoe hZw_mZ Am¡a Om§~d§V H$m _mZm OmVm h¡& `h A^`maÊ` ^mbwAm| Ho$ gmW V|XþAm, VrVa, goh, H$m±Q>m|dmbm gyAa, {haZ, H$Nw>>E, O§Jbr gyAa, _moa, h¡Zm, bmo_‹S>r Am{X H$m r Amdmg ñWb h¡& `hm± bJ^J n{j`m| H$s 90 àH$ma H$s àOm{V`m± nmB© OmVr h¢&

AmO _¢ ~hþV Iwe h±ÿ& Amem H$aVr h±§ÿ {H$ Eogo A^`maÊ` Am¡a ^r ~Z| Am¡a _wP O¡go AÝ` OmZdam| H$mo ^r gwHy$Z {_bo&

g§Xoe : new-njr h_mao g~go AÀN>o {_Ì h¢ Am¡a ß`ma Xþ{Z`m H$m g~go ~‹S>m IµOmZm h¡&

eãXmW© :

gwZhar - gmoZo H$m a§J, H$moR>ar - H$_am, {~bIZm - amoZm, bma Q>nH$Zm - bbMmZm, _ygbmYma dfm© - OmoaXma ~m[ae, Am±Io bmb H$aZm - Jwñgm H$aZm, `mVZm - H$ï>, ñdÀN>§X - AmµOmX&

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

58

Aä`mg

I. EH$ dmŠ` _| CÎma {b{IE :

1. gwëVmZm H$mo H$m¡Z nH$‹S>H$a bm`m?

2. gwëVmZm H$mo Š`m-Š`m ImZm ng§X Wm?

3. gwëVmZm Zo B©ída go Š`m àmW©Zm H$s?

4. gwëVmZm H$mo H¡$gr H$moR>ar _| S>mbm J`m Wm?

5. gwëVmZm {H$g Am`w _| AnZo _m± -~mn go {~Nw>‹S> JB© Wr?

II. VrZ-Mma dmŠ`m| _| CÎma {b{IE :

1. _m{bH$ Ho$ M§Jwb _| ahVo gwëVmZm H$m Š`m gmoMZm g§ d Zhr h¢?

2. _mVm-{nVm, g§Jr-gm{W`m| Ho$ gmW gwëVmZm Š`m H$aVr Wr?

3. gwëVmZm H$m¡Z-gm gnZm XoI ahr Wr?

4. gwëVmZm H$mo _m{bH$ Ho$ M§Jwb go {H$gZo Nw>‹S>m`m?

III. Mma dmŠ`m| _o CÎma {b{IE :

1. XamoOr A^`maÊ` na {Q>ßnUr {b{IE&

2. XamoOr A^`maÊ` _| H$m¡Z-H$m¡Z go àmUr ahVo h¢?

IV. [aŠV ñWmZ ^[aE:

1. gwëVmZm H$m ZmM XoIH$a bmoJ............................

~OmVo h¢ Am¡a ............................\|$H$Vo h¢&

2. ^bo _mZg gwëVmZm H$mo......................{IbmVo h¢&

3. gwëVmZm Ho$ _w±h na EH$ ...................n‹S>r&

4. N>moQ>o ~ÀMo gwëVmZm H$mo XoIH$a .............hmoVo h¢&

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

59

V. ghr `m JbV {b{IE :

1. "gwëVmZm' `h Zm_ _oao _mVm-{nVm Zo aIm h¢& 2. no‹S> Ho$ ZrMo EH$ _Yw_ŠIr H$m N>Îmm Wm& 3. _m{bH$ Zo H$hm-"" gwëVmZm CR>! H$m_ na Mb&'' 4. nb^a _| \$b IË_ hþAm& 5. ""A^r Vmo {g\©$ n§Ðh gmb H$s h±ÿ& '' 6. XamoOr ^mby A^`maÊ` ~rXa {Obo _| h¡&

VI. {ZåZ{b{IV eãXm| Ho$ AÝ` qbJ én {b{IE : 1. eoa................ 2. _moa.................... 3. hmWr............... 4. D±$Q>.................... 5. qgh................ 6. {haZ..................

VII. {H$gZo, {H$ggo H$hm :

1. gwëVmZm& CR>! H$m_ na Mb&

VIII. dmŠ` _§o à`moJ H$s{OE :

1. Am±Io bmb H$aZm : ............................. 2. _wgbmYma dfm© : ............................. 3. bma Q>nH$Zm : ............................. 4. M§Jwb go Nw>‹S>mZm : .............................

g_{PE : "^mby' eãX H$m à`moJ nw{ëb§J ê$n _| {H$`m OmVm h¡& BgH$m órqbJ én "_mXm mby'' h¡& Bgr àH$ma AÝ` H$B© àm{U`m| Ho$ Zm_ órqbJ Ho$ ê$n _| à`wº$ JmVo h¢ Am¡a CZHo$ nwq„J ê$n _| "Za' eãX H$m à`moJ {H$`m OmVm h¡&

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

60

IX. H$Zm©Q>H$ Ho$ {H$Ýht Mma A^`maÊ` `m njsYm_m| Ho$ Zm_ {b{IE:

X. gmoM AnZr-AnZr :

H$hmZr H$m nhbm Am¡a Xÿgam AZwÀN>oX n‹T>Vo g_` AmnH$mo gwëVmZm

H$s H$hmZr {H$gH$r H$hmZr bJ ahr Wr? CgH$s MMm© H$jm _| H$s{OE&

`mo½`Vm {dñVma

* dÝ` newAmo§ Ho$ {MÌm| H$mo BH$Q²R>m H$s{OE&

* _mZd AnZo ñdmW© Ho$ {bE new-n{j`m| H$m Cn`moJ H$aVm Am`m

h¡, bo{H$Z new-n{j`m| H$mo {H$VZr `mVZm hmoVr h¡, BgH$s MMm©

H$jm _| H$s{OE&

* gwëVmZm H$s Vah H$B© ~§Xa ^r AnZo _m{bH$mo§ Ho$ M§Jwb go Nw>‹S>m

boZo Ho$ {bE V‹S>n aho h¡§& Amn CZ ~§Xam| H$s _XX H¡$go H$a|Jo? {dMma H$s{OE&

*****

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

61

nyaH$ dmMZ

hmWr Ho$ gmWr

`h EH$ gÀMr KQ>Zm h¡& PmaI§S> Ho$ am±Mr eha Ho$ nmg KZo O§Jb Wo& `hm± hm{W`m| H$m EH$ Pw§S> ~gm Wm& _Z_m¡Or _ñV hmWr O§Jbr no‹S>-nm¡Yo ImVo& O§Jb H$s R>§S>H$ _| Amam_ H$aVo& bo{H$Z, CZH$s Iwer Á`mXm {XZ VH$ {Q>H$s Zht& bmoJm| Zo O§Jb H$mQ>Zm ewê$ {H$`m& µO_rZ Am¡a bH$‹S>r BZgmZ H$mo {_br, bo{H$Z hmWr ~oKa hmo JE&

^yI Am¡a J_u go hmWr naoemZ Wo& do OmVo ^r Vmo H$hm±? Ka Am¡a ImZm CZH$mo ^r Vmo Mm{hE& hma ImH$a do ZµOXrH$ Ho$ Jm±dm| VH$ OmZo bJo& do dhm± Ho$ IoV Am¡a Ka ~a~mX H$a S>mbVo&

EH$ {XZ Bgr Pw§S> H$m EH$ hmWr Vmoanm ãbm°H$ nhw±Mm& CgZo H$B© Kam| Am¡a BZgmZm| H$mo am¢X S>mbm& b§~m-Mm¡‹S>m hmWr Am¡a CgHo$ ~‹S>o-~‹S>o Xm±V& bmoJ Cgo _ma ^r Zht gH$Vo Wo& hmWr _maZm H$mZyZr µOw_© Omo h¡&

V^r EH$ KQ>Zm KQ>r& Vmoanm O§Jb Ho$ ~rM EH$ g‹S>H$ h¡& BgHo$ {H$Zmao {~Obr Ho$ I§^o h¢& Hw$N> Vma µO_rZ na {Jao Wo& dhm± go JwµOaVo hmWr H$m nm±d Vmam| na n‹S>m& µOmoa go {~Obr H$m PQ>H$m bJm Am¡a dh _a J`m&

˜~a {_bVo hr Jm±ddmbo dhm± Am nhw±Mo& bmoJm| H$mo Jwñgm CVmaZo H$m _m¡H$m {_b J`m& _ao hþE hmWr H$mo H$moB© R>moH$a _maVm, H$moB© bmR>r, Hw$ëhm‹S>r Am¡a MmHy$ go _maVm& Hw$N> bmoJ Vmo CgHo$ Xm±V hr Vmo‹S>Zo bJo& hmWr-Xm±V ~hþV _h±Jm hmoVm h¡& Bggo µOoda Am¡a gOmdQ> H$m gm_mZ ~ZVm h¡& na hmWr-Xm±V {ZH$mbZo Ho$ {bE gaH$mar BOmµOV µOê$ar h¡& Mmoar go {ZH$mbmo, Vmo nw{bg Ho$g ~Z OmVm h¡& Xÿgar Va\$ do hmWr-Xm±V

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

62

Ho$ Qw>H$‹S>o MwnMmn {ZH$bdmVo aho& nm±M Xg {H$bmo Xm±V H$m EH$ Qw>H$‹S>m hr H$mµ\$r Wm&

EH$ _hrZo VH$ hmWr H$s bme dht n‹S>r ahr& {\$a hm{W`m| H$m P§wS> dhm°± nhþ±Mm& CÝhm|Zo bme H$mo Mmam| Vaµ\$ go Koa {b`m& {XZ-amV CgH$s aIdmbr H$aVo aho& {H$gr H$mo CgHo$ nmg \$Q>H$Zo Z {X`m& O§Jb _| EH$ Jham, ~‹S>m JS²>‹T>>m Ty>±‹T>m& {\$a AnZo gmWr H$s bme KgrQ>H$a dhm± bmE& Cgo JS²>‹T>o _| S>mb {X`m& bH$‹S>r Am¡a n{Îm`m| go JS²>‹T>o H$mo T>H$ {X`m&

hm{W`m| Zo Cgo X\$ZmH$a AnZm µ\$µO© {Z^m`m& _Ja BZgmZm| Zo {H$gr MrµO H$s nadmh Z H$s& nhbo O§Jb H$mQ>H$a hmWr H$m Ka N>rZm, {\$a CgHo$ _aZo na ^r Cgo gVmZm Zht N>mo‹S>m&

àíZm| H$m CÎma {b{IE :

1. hm{W`m| H$m Pw§S> H$hm± ~gm Wm?

2. hmWr Š`m| ~oKa hmo J`o?

3. Vmoanm ãbm°H$ nhþ±MH$a EH$ hmWr Zo Š`m {H$`m?

4. Vmoanm O§Jb _| K{Q>V KQ>Zm H$m dU©Z H$s{OE&

5. Jm±ddmbm| Zo Jwñgo _| AmH$a Š`m {H$`m?

6. hm{W`m| Zo AnZm µ\$µO© H¡$go {Z^m`m?

*****

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

63

nmR> - 9

^mobmam_ H$m Ord

- h[ae§H$a nagmB©

Ame` : Bg nmR> _| dV©_mZ ^maVr` emgZ-ì`dñWm na VrIm ì`§½` {H$`m J`m h¡Ÿ& gaH$mar XâVam| _| Mb aho ^«ï>mMma, KygImoar Am¡a Cggo hmoZodmbo à^md na H$amam ì`§½` h¡Ÿ&

Eogm H$^r Zht hþAm WmŸ&

Y_©amO bmIm| dfm] go Ag§»` AmX{_`m| H$mo H$_© Am¡a {gµ\$m[ae Ho$

AmYma na ñdJ© `m ZaH$ _| {Zdmg-ñWmZ "Abm°Q>' H$aVo Am aho WoŸ& na

Eogm H$^r Zht hþAm WmŸ&

gm_Zo ~¡R>o {MÌJwá ~ma-~ma Mí_m nm|N>, ~ma-~ma WyH$ go n¥ï> nbQ>,

a{OñQ>a na a{OñQ>a XoI aho WoŸ& JbVr nH$‹S> _| Am hr Zht ahr WrŸ&

Am{Ia CÝhm|Zo IrPH$a a{OñQ>a BVZo µOmoa go ~§X {H$`m {H$ _ŠIr MnoQ>

_| Am JB©Ÿ& Cgo {ZH$mbVo hþE do ~mobo - ""_hmamO ! [aH$mS>© g~ R>rH$

h¡Ÿ& ^mobmam_ Ho$ Ord Zo nm±M {XZ nhbo Xoh Ë`mJr Am¡a `_XyV Ho$ gmW

Bg bmoH$ Ho$ {bE admZm ^r hþAm, na `hm± A^r VH$ Zht nhþ±MmŸ&''

Y_©amO Zo nyN>m - ""Am¡a dh XyV H$hm± h¡ ?''

""_hmamO, g~ AnZo-AnZo H$m_m| go bm¡Q> AmE na dh bmnVm

h¡Ÿ&'' - {MÌJwá h¡amZ-naoemZ-go ~moboŸ&

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

64

Bgr g_` X²>dma Iwbo Am¡a EH$ `_XyV ~‹S>m ~Xhdmg dhm± Am`mŸ&

Cgo XoIVo hr {MÌJwá {Mëbm CR>o - ""Aao, Vy H$hm± ahm BVZo {XZ?

^mobmam_ H$m Ord H$hm± h¡ ?''

`_XyV hmW Omo‹S>H$a ~mobm - ""X`m{ZYmZ, _¢ H¡$go ~VbmD±$ {H$ Š`m

hmo J`mŸ& AmO VH$ _¢Zo YmoIm Zht Im`m Wm, na mobmam_ H$m Ord _wPo

MH$_m Xo J`mŸ& nm±M {XZ nhbo O~ Ord Zo ^mobmam_ H$s Xoh H$mo Ë`mJm,

V~ _¢Zo Cgo nH$‹S>m Am¡a Bg bmoH$ H$s `mÌm Ama§^ H$sŸ& ZJa Ho$ ~mha

Á`m| hr _¢ Cgo boH$a EH$ Vrd« dm`w-Va§J na gdma hþAm, Ë`mo§ hr dh _oao

M§Jwb go Ny>Q>H$a Z OmZo H$hm± Jm`~ hmo J`mŸ& BZ nm±M {XZm| _| _¢Zo gmam

~«h²>_m§S> N>mZ S>mbm, na CgH$m H$ht nVm Zht MbmŸ&''

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

65

Y_©amO H«$moY go ~mobo - ""_yI© ! Ordm| H$mo bmVo-bmVo ~y‹T>m hmo

J`m, {\$a ^r EH$ _m_ybr ~y‹T>o AmX_r Ho$ Ord Zo VwPo MH$_m Xo {X`mŸ&''

XyV Zo {ga PwH$mH$a H$hm - ""_hmamO, _oar gmdYmZr _| {~bHw$b

H$ga Zht WrŸ& _oao BZ Aä`ñV hmWm| go, AÀN>o-AÀN>o dH$sb ^r Zht

Ny>Q> gHo$Ÿ& na Bg ~ma Vmo H$moB© B§ÐOmb hr hmo J`mŸ&''

{MÌJwá Zo H$hm - ""_hmamO! AmOH$b n¥Ïdr na Bg àH$ma H$m

ì`mnma ~hþV Mbm h¡Ÿ& bmoJ XmoñVm| H$mo Hw$N> MrµO oOVo h¢ Am¡a Cgo amñVo

_| hr aobdodmbo C‹S>m boVo h¢Ÿ& hmoµOar Ho$ nmg©bm| Ho$ _moµOo aobdo Aµ\$ga

nhZVo h¢Ÿ& _mbJm‹S>r Ho$ {S>ã~o-Ho$-{S>ã~o amñVo _| H$Q> OmVo h¢Ÿ& EH$ ~mV

Am¡a hmo ahr h¡Ÿ& amOZ¡{VH$ Xbm| Ho$ ZoVm {damoYr ZoVm H$mo C‹S>m H$a ~§X

H$a XoVo h¢Ÿ& H$ht ^mobmam_ Ho$ Ord H$mo ^r Vmo {H$gr {damoYr Zo _aZo Ho$

~mX Iam~r H$aZo Ho$ {bE Zht C‹S>m {X`mŸ&''

Y_©amO Zo ì`§½` go {MÌJwá H$s Amoa XoIVo hþE H$hm - ""Vwåhmar ^r

[aQ>m`a hmoZo H$s C_« Am JB©Ÿ& ^bm ^mobmam_ O¡go ZJÊ`, XrZ AmX_r go

{H$gr H$mo Š`m boZm-XoZm ?''

Bgr g_` H$ht go Ky_Vo-Km_Vo ZmaX _w{Z dhm± Am JEŸ& Y_©amO H$mo

Jw_gw_ ~¡R>o XoI ~mobo-""Š`m| Y_©amO, H¡$go qM{VV ~¡R>o h¢?''

Y_©amO Zo H$hm - ""^mobmam_ Zm_ Ho$ EH$ AmX_r H$s nm±M {XZ

nhbo _¥Ë`w hþB©Ÿ& CgHo$ Ord H$mo `h XyV `hm± bm ahm Wm, {H$ Ord Bgo

amñVo _| MH$_m XoH$a ^mJ J`mŸ& BgZo gmam ~«h²>_m§S> N>mZ S>mbm, na dh

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

66

H$ht Zht {_bmŸ& AJa Eogm hmoZo bJm, Vmo nmn-nwÊ` H$m ^oX hr {_Q>

OmEJmŸ&''

ZmaX Zo nyN>m - ""Cgna BÝH$_Q>¡Šg Vmo ~H$m`m Zht Wm ? hmo gH$Vm

h¡, CZ bmoJm| Zo amoH$ {b`m hmo!''

{MÌJwá Zo H$hm - ""BÝH$_ hmoVr Vmo Q>¡Šg hmoVmŸ& ^wI_am WmŸ&''

ZmaX ~mobo - ""_m_bm ~‹S>m {XbMñn h¡Ÿ& AÀN>m, _wPo CgH$m

Zm_-nVm Vmo ~VmAmoŸ& _¢ n¥Ïdr na OmVm hÿ±Ÿ&''

{MÌJwá Zo a{OñQ>a XoIH$a ~Vm`m - ""^mobmam_ Zm_ Wm CgH$mŸ&

O~bnwa eha Ho$ K_mnwa _whëbo _| Zmbo Ho$ {H$Zmao EH$ S>o‹T> H$_ao Ho$

Qy>Q>o-\y$Q>o _H$mZ _| dh n[adma g_oV ahVm WmŸ& CgH$s EH$ ñÌr Wr, Xmo

b‹S>Ho$ Am¡a EH$ b‹S>H$sŸ& C_« bJ^J gmR> gmbŸ& gaH$mar Zm¡H$ar go nm±M

gmb nhbo [aQ>m`a hmo J`m WmŸ& _H$mZ H$m {H$am`m Z XoZo Ho$ H$maU A~

VH$ CgH$m n[adma {ZH$mbm Om MwH$m hmoJmŸ& CgHo$ n[adma H$s Vbme

_| ^r AmnH$mo ^Q>H$Zm hmoJmŸ&''

_m±-~oQ>r Ho$ gpå_{bV H«§$XZ go hr ZmaX mobmam_ H$m _H$mZ nhMmZ

JEŸ&

X²>dma na OmH$a CÝhmo§Zo AmdmµO bJmB© - ""Zmam`U ! Zmam`U!''

b‹S>H$s Zo XoIH$a H$hm - ""AmJo OmAmo _hmamO !''

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

67

ZmaX Zo H$hm - ""_wPo {^jm Zht Mm{hE; _wPo ^mobmam_ Ho$ ~mao _|

Hw$N> nyN>VmN> H$aZr h¡Ÿ& AnZr _m± H$mo µOam ~mha ^oOmo, ~oQ>r!''

^mobmam_ H$s nËZr ~mha AmB©Ÿ& ZmaX Zo H$hm - ""_mVm, ^mobmam_

H$mo Š`m ~r_mar Wr?''

""Š`m ~VmD±$, Jar~r H$s ~r_mar Wr! nm±M gmb hmo JE, n|eZ

na ~¡R>oŸ& na n|eZ A^r VH$ Zht {_brŸ& BZ nm±M gmbm| _| g~ JhZo

~oMH$a h_ bmoJ Im JEŸ& {\$a ~aVZ {~Ho$Ÿ& A~ Hw$N> Zht ~Mm WmŸ&

µ\$mHo$ hmoZo bJo WoŸ& qMVm _| KwbVo-KwbVo Am¡a ^yIo _aVo-_aVo CÝhm|Zo

X_ Vmo‹S> {X`mŸ&''

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

68

XwI H$s H$Wm gwZZo H$s \w$agV ZmaX H$mo Wr ZhtŸ& do AnZo _wX²>Xo

na AmE - ""_m±, `h Vmo ~VmAmo {H$ `hm± {H$grgo CZH$m {deof ào_ Wm,

{Og_| CZH$m Or bJm hmo?''

nËZr ~mobr - ""bJmd Vmo _hmamO, ~mb-~ÀMm| go hr hmoVm h¡Ÿ&''

""Zht, n[adma Ho$ ~mha ^r hmo gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& _oam _Vb~ h¡, H$moB© ñÌr

........''

ñÌr Zo Jwam©H$a ZmaX H$s Amoa XoImŸ& ~mobr - ""ha Hw$N> _V ~H$mo

_hmamO! Vw_ gmYw hmo, CMŠHo$ Zht hmoŸ& qµOXJr ^a CÝhm|Zo {H$gr Xygar

ñÌr H$mo Am±I CR>mH$a Zht XoImŸ&''

ZmaX h±gH$a ~mobo - ""hm±, Vwåhmam `h gmoMZm R>rH$ hr h¡Ÿ& `hr ha

AÀN>r J¥hñWr H$m AmYma h¡Ÿ& AÀN>m, _mVm _¢ MbmŸ&''

Bggo nhbo {H$ ZmaX Or MbVo ñÌr ~mobr - ""_hmamO, Amn Vmo

gmYw h¢, {gX²>Y nwéf h¢Ÿ& Hw$N> Eogm Zht H$a gH$Vo {H$ CZH$s éH$s hþB©

n|eZ {_b OmEŸ&''

ZmaX H$mo X`m Am JB©, ~mobo - ""_¢ gaH$mar XµµâVa _| OmD±$Jm Am¡a

H$mo{ee H$ê±$JmŸ&''

dhm± go MbH$a ZmaX gaH$mar XµµâVa _| nhþ±MoŸ& dhm± nhbo hr H$_ao

_| ~¡R>o ~m~y go CÝhm|Zo ^mobmam_ Ho$ Ho$g Ho$ ~mao _| ~mV| H$s¨Ÿ& Cg ~m~y Zo CÝh| Ü`mZnyd©H$ XoIm Am¡a ~mobm - ""^mobmam_ Zo Xa»dmñV| Vmo oOr Wt,

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

69

na CZna dµOZ Zht aIm Wm, Bg{bE H$ht C‹S> JB© hm|JrŸ&''

ZmaX Zo H$hm - ""^B©, `o ~hþV-go "nona-doQ>' Vmo aIo h¢Ÿ& BÝh| Š`m|

Zht aI {X`m?''

~m~y h±gm - ""Amn gmYw h¢, AmnH$mo Xw{Z`mXmar g_P _| Zht AmVrŸ&

Xa»dmñV| "nona-doQ>' go Zht X~VtŸ& I¡a, Amn {H$Zmao - {H$Zmao OmBE

Am¡a Cg H$_ao _| ~¡R>o ~m~y go {_{bEŸ&''

ZmaX Cg ~m~y Ho$ nmg JEŸ& CgZo Vrgao Ho$ nmg oOm, Vrgao Zo Mm¡Wo

Ho$ nmg, Mm¡Wo Zo nm±Md| Ho$ nmgŸ& O~ ZmaX nÀMrg-Vrg ~m~wAm| Am¡a

Aµ\$gam| Ho$ nmg Ky_ AmE, V~ EH$ Mnamgr Zo H$hm-""_hmamO, Amn

Š`m| Bg P§PQ> _| n‹S> JEŸ& Amn AJa gmb ^a ^r `hm± MŠH$a bJmVo

ah|, Vmo ^r H$m_ Zht hmoJmŸ& Amn Vmo grYo ~‹S>o gmh~ go {_{bEŸ& CÝh|

Iwe H$a {b`m, Vmo A^r H$m_ hmo OmEJmŸ&''

ZmaX ~‹S>o gmh~ Ho$ H$_ao _| nh±wMoŸ& ~mha Mnamgr D±$K ahm Wm,

Bg{bE CÝh| {H$gr Zo N>o‹S>m ZhtŸ& {~Zm "{d{OqQ>J H$mS>©' Ho$ Am`m XoI,

gmh~ ~‹S>o ZmamµO hþEŸ& ~mobo - ""Bgo H$moB© _§{Xa-d§{Xa g_P {b`m h¡

Š`m? Y‹S>Y‹S>mVo Mbo AmEŸ& {MQ> Š`m| Zht ^oOr?''

ZmaX Zo H$hm - ""H¡$go ^oOVm? Mnamgr gmo ahm h¡Ÿ&''

""Š`m H$m_ h¡?'' - gmh~ Zo am¡~ go nyN>mŸ&

ZmaX Zo ^mobmam_ H$m n|eZ Ho$g ~Vbm`mŸ&

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

70

gmh~ ~mobo - ""Amn h¢ d¡amJrŸ& XµµâVam| Ho$ ar{V-[admµO Zht OmZVoŸ&

Agb _| ^mobmam_ Zo JbVr H$sŸ& ^B©, `h ^r EH$ _§{Xa h¡& `hm± ^r

XmZ-nwÊ` H$aZm n‹S>Vm h¡Ÿ& ^mobmam_ H$s Xa»dmñV| C‹S> ahr h¢, CZna

Amn dµOZ a{IEŸ& Amn g_Po ZhtŸ& O¡go AmnH$s `h gw§Xa drUm h¡,

BgH$m ^r dµOZ ^mobmam_ H$s Xa»dmñV na aIm Om gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& _oar

b‹S>H$s JmZm-~OmZm grIVr h¡Ÿ& `h _¢ Cgo Xo Xy±JmŸ&''

ZmaX AnZr drUm {N>ZVo XoI µOam K~amE, na {\$a g±^bH$a CÝhm|Zo

drUm Q>o{~b na aIH$a H$hm - ""`h br{OEŸ& A~ µOam OëXr CgH$s

n|eZ H$m Am°S>©a {ZH$mb Xr{OEŸ&''

gmh~ Zo àgÞVm go CÝh| Hw$gm© Xr, drUm H$mo EH$ H$moZo _| aIm Am¡a

K§Q>r ~OmB©Ÿ& Mnamgr hm{µOa hþAmŸ& gmh~ Zo hþŠ_ {X`m - ""~‹S>o ~m~y go

^mobmam_ Ho$ Ho$g H$s µ\$mBb bmAmoŸ&''

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

71

Wmo‹S>r Xoa ~mX Mnamgr ^mobmam_ H$s gm¡-S>o‹T> gm¡ Xa»dmñVm| go ^ar

µ\$mBb boH$a Am`mŸ& Cg_| n|eZ Ho$ H$mJµOmV ^r WoŸ& gmh~ Zo µ\$mBb

na Zm_ XoIm Am¡a {ZpíMV H$aZo Ho$ {bE nyN>mŸ& ""Š`m Zm_ ~Vm`m gmYw

Or AmnZo?''

ZmaX g_Po {H$ gmh~ Hw$N> D±$Mm gwZVm h¡, Bg{bE µOmoa go

~mobo - ""^mobmam_!''

ghgm µ\$mBb _| go AmdmµO AmB© - ""H$m¡Z nwH$ma ahm h¡ _wPo?

nmoñQ>_¡Z h¡? Š`m n|eZ H$m Am°S>©a Am J`m?''

ZmaX Mm¢Ho$Ÿ& na Xygao hr jU ~mV g_P JEŸ& ~mobo - ""^mobmam_!

Vw_ Š`m ^mobmam_ Ho$ Ord hmo ?''

""hm± !'' - AmdmµO AmB©Ÿ&

ZmaX Zo H$hm - ""_¢ ZmaX hÿ±Ÿ& _¢ Vwåh| boZo Am`m hÿ±Ÿ& Mbmo, ñdJ© _|

Vwåhmam B§VµOma hmo ahm h¡Ÿ&''

AmdmµO AmB© - ""_wPo Zht OmZmŸ& _¢ Vmo n|eZ H$s Xa»dmñVm| _|

AQ>H$m hÿ±Ÿ& `ht _oam _Z bJm h¡Ÿ& _¢ AnZr Xa»dmñV| N>mo‹S>H$a Zht Om

gH$VmŸ&''

*****

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

72

boIH$ n[aM` - h[ae§H$a nagmB©

AmYw{ZH$ hmñ` -ì`§½` boIH$m| _| gdm©{YH$ bmoH${à` h[ae§H$a

nagmB© H$m OÝ_ _Ü`àXoe Ho$ O_mZr Jm±d _| 22 AJñV, 1924 H$mo

hþAmŸ& AmnZo ZmJnwa {díd{dX²>`mb` go CÀM Cnm{Y àmá H$s Am¡a

{d{^Þ {dX²>`mb`m| _| AÜ`mnZ H$m`© {H$`m WmŸ& AmnH$s aMZmE± hmñ`

Am¡a {dZmoX go ^anya hmoVo hþE ^r AmO H$s {df_VmAm|, gm_m{OH$ Am¡a

amOZ¡{VH$ {dH¥${V`m| na gmW©H$ MmoQ> H$aVr h¢Ÿ& V~ H$s ~mV Am¡a Wr,

O¡go CZHo$ {XZ {\$ao, h±gVo h¢ amoVo h¢, amZr ZmJ\$Zr H$s H$hmZr, VQ> H$s

ImoO, ^yV Ho$ nm±d nrN>o, ~oB©_mZr H$s naV, gXmMma H$m VmdrO Am{X

AmnH$s bmoH${à` aMZmE± h¢Ÿ&

eãXmW© :

~Xhdmg - K~am`m hþAm, naoemZ; {dH¥$V - {dH$ma`wŠV, MH$_m

XoZm - YmoIm XoZm, M§Jwb - \§$Xm, ~«h²>_m§S> - gånyU© g§gma, hmoµOar

Hosairy, ZJÊ` - ~hþV hr H$_, VwÀN>; Jw_gw_ - MwnMmn, {XbMñn -

amoMH$, H«$§XZ - amoZm, Xa»dmñV - àmW©Zm nÌ, X_ Vmo‹S>Zm - _a OmZm,

CMŠH$m - bwQ>oam, Xw{Z`mXmar - bmoH$mMma, D±$KZm - gmoZm (ZtX boZm),

am¡~ - YmH$, X~X~m; Hw${Q>b - H$nQ>r, N>brŸ&

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

73

Aä`mg

I. _m¡{IH$ -

1) {MÌJwá Š`m| naoemZ Wm ?

2) ^mobmam_ H$m¡Z Wm ?

3) gmh~ Zo n|eZ Z {_bZo H$m Š`m H$maU ~Vm`m ?

4) ^mobmam_ H$m Ord H$hm± na {_bm ?

II. BZ àíZm| Ho$ CÎma {b{IE :

1) ^mobmam_ Ho$ Ord Zo Xoh H$~ Ë`mJr ?

2) Y_©amO Zo H«$moY _| Š`m H$hm ?

3) ^mobmam_ H$s nËZr go ZmaX Zo Š`m nyN>m ?

4) ñÌr Zo ZmaX go Š`m H$hm ?

5) Mnamgr Zo ZmaX go Š`m H$hm ?

6) "^mobmam_ H$s Xa»dmñV| C‹S> ahr h¢Ÿ& CZ na Amn dµOZ

a{IEŸ&'' Bg H$WZ go {H$g Hw$ar{V H$m nVm MbVm h¡ ?

III. {ZåZ{b{IV dmŠ` {H$gZo {H$ggo H$hm ?

1) ""Aao Vy H$hm± ahm BVZo {XZ ? ^mobmam_ H$m Ord H$hm± h¡?''

2) ""Š`m| Y_©amO, H¡$go {MpÝVV ~¡R>o h¢ ?''

3) ""BZH$_ hmoVr Vmo Q>¡Šg hmoVmŸ& ^wI_am WmŸ&''

4) ""Š`m Zm_ ~Vm`m gmYw Or AmnZo?''

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

74

IV. H$moð>H$ go Cn`wŠV eãX MwZH$a [aŠV ñWmZ _| {b{IEŸ:

1) `_XyV hmW .......... (Omo‹S>H$a/Vmo‹S>H$a) ~mobmŸ&

2) ^mobmam_ Zm_ Ho$ EH$ AmX_r H$s nm±M {XZ nhbo ..........

(_aU/_¥Ë`w) hþB©Ÿ&

3) ""_mVm, ^mobmam_ H$mo Š`m ........... (~r_ma/~r_mar) Wr?''

4) ""Š`m n|eZ H$m AmS>©a ............ (Am J`m?/Am JB©?)''

V. {ZåZ{b{IV eãXm| Ho$ qbJ nhMm{ZE :

1) AmX_r 2) Ord 3) XyV 4) _¥Ë`w

5) Xoh 6) `mÌm 7) Zm¡H$a 8) _H$mZ

VI. {dbmo_ eãXm| Ho$ Omo‹S>o ~ZmBE :

(A) (~)

1) AmYma amV

2) nmn {Z^©`

3) {ZY©Z nwÊ`

4) ~‹S>m YZdmZ

5) ^` {ZamYma

6) {XZ N>moQ>m

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

75

VII. nmR> Ho$ AmYma na "Á`m|hr ........... Ë`m|hr' H$m à`moJ

H$aVo hþE VrZ dmŠ` {b{IE :

O¡go : ""Á`m|hr ~mXb JaOZo bJo, Ë`m|hr dfm© hmoZo bJrŸ&''

^mfm - ~moY

1) Hw$N> eãXm| H$s aMZm "CngJ©' Am¡a "àË``' XmoZm| Ho$ _ob go hmoVr

h¡Ÿ& O¡go - A + ñd^md + BH$ = Añdm^m{dH$Ÿ& "Añdm^m{dH$' eãX

_| "A' CngJ© VWm "BH$' àË`` Ow‹S>m hþAm h¡Ÿ& {ZåZ{b{IV eãXm| _|

C{MV CngJ© VWm àË``m| H$m à`moJ H$aHo$ eãX aMZm H$s{OE :

eãX - 1) g\$b 2) H$aU 3) g_P

4) BµµÁOV 5) J§Y

CngJ© - A AZw Zm ~o gw

àË`` - Vm B©` B© B© BV

2) {H«$`m eãX N>m±Q>H$a {b{IE :

H$m Q> Im nZ hm Zm ‹T> >Xm¡ ‹S> M Zm{b I bm `m

3) g§kmAm| H$m {H«$`mAm| go gå~ÝY aIZo Ho$ {bE - Zo, H$mo, go, Ho$

{bE, H$m, Ho$, H$s, _|, na, Am{X H$m à`moJ {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& BÝh| H$maH$

{Mh²Z `m nagJ© H$hVo h¢Ÿ& nmR> _| go Eogo Xmo dmŠ` MwZH$a {bI|, {OZ_|

Xmo go A{YH$ H$maH$ {Mh²>Zm| (nagJm]) H$m à`moJ hþAm hmoŸ&

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

76

`mo½`Vm - {dñVma :

* h[ae§H$a nagmB© H$s AÝ` hmñ` - ì`§½` aMZmE± n{‹T>EŸ&

* "^«ï>mMma' gå~ÝYr AnZo AZw^d H$s Amng _| MMm©

H$s{OEŸ&

* "^«ï>mMma EH$ Ádb§V g_ñ`m h¡' {df` na EH$ bKw

{Z~ÝY {b{IEŸ&

* Bg H$hmZr H$mo ZmQ>H$ Ho$ ê$n _| {bIH$a, _§MZ H$s{OEŸ&

*****

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

77

nmR>-10

ZXr Am¡a gm~wZ

- kmZ|Ðn{V

Ame` : Z{X`m| go h_| n`m©á _mÌm _| ñdÀN> nmZr {_bVm Wm& bo{H$Z AmO _mZd Ho$ A{Z`§{ÌV hñVjon Ho$ H$maU nmZr H$s ñdÀN>Vm VWm gwb^Vm _| Adí` g§H$Q> Am J`m h¡&

ZXr!

Vy BVZr Xþ~br Š`m| h¡¡

Am¡a _¡br-Hw$M¡br

Vwåhmao Xþ{X©Zmo§ Ho$ XþO©b _|

{H$gZo Vwåhmam Zra ham

H$bH$b _| H$bwf ^am,

~mYm| Ho$ OwR>maZo go Vmo

H$^r Xÿ{fV Zht hþAm Vwåhmam Ob,

Z H$Nw>Am| H$s Ñ‹T> nrR>m| go CbrMm OmH$a ^r H$_ hþAm,

hm{W`m| H$s Ob-H«$s‹S>mAm| H$mo ^r Vw_ ghVr ahr gmZ§X,

Amh! bo{H$Z

ñdmWu H$maImZm| H$m VoµOm~ PobVo

~¢JZr hmo JB© Vwåhmar ew^« ËdMm,

{h_mb` Ho$ hmoVo ^r Vwåhmao {gahmZo

hWobr-^a H$s EH$ gm~wZ H$s {Q>{H$`m go

hma JB© Vw_ `wX²Y&

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

78

H${d narM` : kmZ|Ðn{V g_H$mbrZ qhXr H${dVm Ho$ AJ«Ur H${d h¢& AmnH$m OÝ_

1 OZdar 1950 H$mo PmaI§S> Ho$ nWaJm_m _| hþAm& AmnZo g_H$mbrZ qhXr H${dVm H$mo Z`m ê$n àXmZ {H$`m& àmH¥${VH$ g§gmYZm| Ho$ g§ajU na AmnZo {deof ~b {X`m h¡&

J§JmVQ>, g§e`mË_m, {^Zgma, H${d Zo H$hm Am{X CZH$s ~hþM{M©V aMZmE± h¢& do "gm{hË` AH$mX_r nwañH$ma' go gå_m{ZV h¢&

eãXmW© :Xþ~br - nVbr, _¡br - J§Xr, Xÿ{fV; _¡br - Hw$M¡br - AË`§V _¡br, Zra - Ob, ham - VamoVmµOm, H$bH$b - ZXr Ho$ ~hZo H$s AmdmµO, OwR>maZm - OyR>m H$aHo$ N>mo‹S>Zm, H$Nw>Am - H$ÀN>n, Hy$_©; CbrMZm - Ob ^ao nmÌ H$mo hmW go {H$gr nmÌ `m _erZ X²dmam Imbr H$aZm (O¡go Zmd go nmZr CbrMZm), VooµOm~-acid, {df&

Aä`mg

I. EH$ dmŠ` _| CÎma {b{IE : 1. ZXr H$m ñdê$n H¡$gm h¡? 2. AmO ZXr Ho$ Xþ{X©Z Š`m| h¢? 3. ZXr H$m nmZr {H$gHo$ ~mX ^r H$_ Zht hþAm? 4. ZXr {H$g ~mV H$mo gmZ§X ghVr ahr?

II. Xmo-VrZ dmŠ`m| _| CÎma {b{IE : 1. ZXr {H$Z-{H$Z ~mVm| Ho$ H$maU Xÿ{fV Am¡a H$_ Zht hþB©? 2. ZXr Ho$ nmZr H$m a§J Š`m| ~¢JZr hmo J`m? 3. {gahmZo na {h_mb` Ho$ hmoVo hþE r ZXr {H$ggo wX²Y hma J`r?

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

79

III. H${dVm _|-ZXr _| H$bwf ^aZo H$s Am¡a _¡br-Hw$M¡br hmoZo H$s ~mV ~Vm`r J`r h¡& Amn gmoMH$a Am¡a H$moB© VrZ Eogr ~mV| {b{IE {OZgo ZXr H$m nmZr H$bw{fV hmo OmVm h¡: O¡go: H$maImZm| Ho$ VoµOm~ go 1. ....................................... 2. ....................................... 3. .......................................

IV. ZXr go H${d nyN> aho h¢ {H$ Vy BVZr Xþ~br Š`m| h¡? A~ Amn ~VmBE {H$ {H$g _m¡g_ _| àm`… Z{X`m± Xþ~br hmoVr h¢ Am¡a Š`m|?

V. n`m©`dmMr eãX {b{IE : 1. Zra ........... ............ 2. ew^« ........... ............ 3. `wX²Y ........... ............

VI. ^md g_PmBE : {h_mb` Ho$ hmoVo ^r {gahmZo hWobr-^a H$s EH$ gm~wZ H$s {Q>{H$`m go hma JB© Vw_ `wX²Y&

VII. J§XJr ê$nr wX²Y OrVZo Ho$ {bE ZXr H$mo {H$gH$m gh`moJ Mm{hE? - gmoMH$a VrZ dmŠ` {b{IE&

`mo½`Vm-{dñVma : * ^maV Xoe _| ~hZodmbr Z{X`m| H$s gyMr ~ZmBE Am¡a CZH$s pñW{V`m| H$s MMm© H$jm _| H$s{OE&

*****

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

80

nmR> - 11

^maVr` {gVmam - H$ënZm Mmdbm

-g§H${bV

Ame` : H$ënZm Mmdbm h[a`mUm Ho$ H$aZmb {Obo H$s à{V^membr b‹S>H$s Wr, {OgZo AnZr _ohZV Am¡a Ñ‹T>{ZíM` go AnZo gnZm| H$mo nyam {H$`mŸ& dh ^maV H$s _{hbm A§V[aj `mÌr ~ZrŸ& H$ënZm ^maVr` `wdmAm| Ho$ {bE gXm àoaUmñÌmoV ah|JrŸ&

H$ënZm AŠga AnZo ghnm{R>`m| go H$hVr Wt {H$ Hw$N> Xoa Ho$ {bE dmñV{dH$Vm H$mo ^ybH$a gnZm| H$s Xw{Z`m _| OmAmo Am¡a D±$MmB`m| H$s Amoa XoImoŸ& dh Eogm gmoMVr hr Zht, H$aVr ^r WtŸ& Bgr{bE CÝhm|Zo AnZo OrdZ H$s D±$MmB`m| H$mo nm`mŸ& _¥Ë`w Ho$ ~mX ^r EH$ {gVmao H$s Vah h_oem AmH$me _| M_H$ ahr h¡Ÿ& H$ënZm Mmdbm H$m _Z gX¡d H$ënZmAm| H$s Amoa Xm¡‹S>Vm ahVm WmŸ& ~MnZ _| CZH$m _Z Am¡a Ü`mZ H$aZmb _| pñWV C‹S>mZ Šb~ H$s Amoa bJm ahVm WmŸ& CZHo$ _Z _| CR>Zo dmbo àíZm| Zo CÝh| AÝV[aj C‹S>mZ Ho$ {bE gXm ào[aV {H$`mŸ&

H$ënZm Mmdbm H$m OÝ_ 1 OwbmB© gZ²> 1961 _| h[a`mUm àXoe Ho$ {Obm H$aZmb _| hþAm WmŸ& CZHo$ {nVm H$m Zm_ ~Zmagr bmb Mmdbm Am¡a _mVm H$m Zm_ g§`mo{JVm h¡Ÿ& H$ënZm H$s Xmo ~hZ| gwZrVm Am¡a Xrnm VWm EH$ ^mB© g§O` h¡Ÿ& H$ënZm àmaå^ go hr ~w{X²Y_mZ N>mÌm| _| {JZr OmVr Wt Am¡a AnZo AÜ`mnH$m| H$s {à` N>mÌm WtŸ& AnZr à{V^m Am¡a Ñ‹T>{ZíM`r àd¥{Îm Ho$ H$maU H$ënZm H$^r AnZo nW go Zht S>J_JmBª

Am¡a CÝhm|Zo AnZm gnZm nyam {H$`mŸ&

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

81

H$aZmb Ho$ Q>¡Jmoa ~mb {ZHo$VZ go Xgdt H$jm CËVrU© H$aZo Ho$ ~mX

H$ënZm Zo H$aZmb Ho$ S>r.E.dr. VWm X`mbqgh H$m°boO go EAamoZm°{Q>H$

B§Or{Z`[a¨J H$s nXdr àmá H$s, VËníMmV²> CÝhm|Zo _mñQ>a {S>J«r àmá H$aZo

Ho$ {bE A_o[aH$m Ho$ {díd{dX²`mb` _| àdoe àmá {H$`mŸ& H$ënZm H$m

_mZZm Wm {H$ "O~ Amn AnZo CX²Xoí` H$s ny{V© Ho$ {bE Om aho hm|, Vmo

`mÌm ew^H$mar hr hmoVr h¡Ÿ&'

Q>oŠgmg _| H$ënZm H$s {_ÌVm AnZo C‹S>mZ-à{ejH$ Om°Z {n`ao

h¡[agZ go hþB©Ÿ& Yrao-Yrao CZH$s K{Zð>Vm ~‹T>Vr JB© Am¡a 1983 Ho$

{Xgå~a _hrZo _| do {ddmh-gyÌ _| ~±Y JEŸ& gZ²> 1984 _| Q>oŠgmg

`y{Zd{g©Q>r go H$ënZm Zo EAamoñnog B§Or{Z`[a¨J _| ñZmVH$moÎma Cnm{Y àmá

H$sŸ& BgHo$ ~mX CÝhm|Zo H$mobmoaoS>mo `y{Zd{g©Q>r go A§V[aj B§{O{Z`[a¨J _|

nr.EM.S>r. H$s {S>J«r àmá H$s Am¡a H¡${b\$mo{Z©`m Ho$ Eåg g|Q>a _| Zmgm

(ZoeZb EAamoZm°{Q>Šg EÊS> ñnog ES>{_{ZñQ´>oeZ) Ho$ gmW H$m_ H$aZm

ewê$ {H$`mŸ& CÝhm|Zo ½bmBS>a nmBbQ> H$m bmBg|g ^r àmá H$a {b`m WmŸ&

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

82

Zmgm _| H$ënZm H$m _w»` H$m`© `h Om±MZm Wm {H$ H$§ß`yQ>a H$moS>m| Ho$

AZwgma EAaH«$mâQ>> R>rH$ go H$m`© H$aVm h¡ `m ZhtŸ& CgH$s ha J{V{d{Y

na ZµOa aIZm Vm{H$ C‹S>mZ Ho$ g_` H$moB© naoemZr CËnÞ Z hmoŸ&

EH$ {XZ H$ënZm Zo g_mMma nÌ _| {dkmnZ n‹T>m {H$ "Zmgm' AÝV[aj

_| OmZo H$s BÀN>m aIZodmbo d¡km{ZH$m| H$s ImoO H$a ahm h¡, {OgHo$ {bE

AmdoXZ nÌ _m±Jo JE h¢Ÿ& H$ënZm H$mo bJm _mZm| CgH$m dh gnZm nyam

hmoZodmbm h¡ {OgHo$ {bE dh AnZo n[adma Am¡a Xoe go BVZr Xya ah ahr

h¡Ÿ& H$ënZm Zo AnZm àmW©Zm nÌ ^oO {X`mŸ& Zmgm Zo H${R>Z narjU Ho$

~mX hµOmam| bmoJm| _| go {OZ 19 ì`{ŠV`m| H$m MwZmd {H$`m, CZ_| H$ënZm

^r EH$ WtŸ& H$ënZm H$m gnZm gmH$ma hmo J`mŸ&

h² yñQ>Z H$m Om°ÝgZ ñnog goÝQ>a AÝV[aj

`m{Ì`m| Ho$ à{ejU H$m à{gÕ Ho$ÝX« h¡Ÿ&

6 _mM© 1995 H$mo H$ënZm H$m `hm±

H${R>Z à{ejU àmaå^ hþAmŸ& AÝV[aj H$s

n[apñW{V`m| _| _mZd eara H$mo H$m_ H$aZo

`mo½` ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE `hm± à{e{jV {H$`m

OmVm h¡Ÿ& H${R>Z à{ejU Ho$ ~mX AÝVV…

H$mobpå~`m mZ _| H$ënZm H$s A§V[aj mÌm

àmaå^ hþB©Ÿ& 19 Zdå~a 1997 go boH$a

5 {Xgå~a 1997 VH$ gmobh {XZ, gmobh

K§Q>o Am¡a ~Îmrg {_ZQ> H$s `mÌm {Z{íMV H$s JB©Ÿ& H$ënZm Mmdbm AnZr

{deof A§V[aj nmoemH$ _| AnZo gm{W`m| Ho$ gmW A§V[aj H$s Amoa C‹S>

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

83

MbrŸ& `mÌm _| H$ënZm H$m amo~mo Am_© Am°naoQ>a H$m H$m`© MwZm¡{V`m| go

^am WmŸ& CÝh| H$_mÊS>a Am¡a nmBbQ> H$s _XX Ho$ {bE eQ>b àUmbr

_| AmB© Iam~r H$mo R>rH$ H$aZm Am¡a H$jm _| {d{^Þ à`moJ H$aZm WmŸ&

H$ënZm Zo AnZo g^r H$m`© ^br-^m±{V nyU© {H$EŸ& 5 {Xgå~a H$mo CZH$s

`h àW_ A§V[aj `mÌm g\$bVmnyd©H$ gånÞ hþB©Ÿ&

gZ²> 1998 _| CÝh| Zmgm Ûmam Xmo~mam A§V[aj _| ^oOZo H$m {Z_ÝÌU

àmá hþAmŸ& CÝh| eQ>b `mZ Ho$ MmbH$ Xb H$m à{V{Z{Y Kmo{fV {H$`m

J`mŸ Am¡a eQ>b Ho$ âbmBQ> H«y$ Ho$ gmOm|-gm_mZ H$m CÎmaXm{`Ëd {X`m

J`mŸ& 16 OZdar 2003 H$mo H$mobpå~`m `mZ _| H$ënZm H$s Xygar

AÝV[aj `mÌm àmaå^ hþB©Ÿ& Bg `mZ H$s `mÌm g\$bVmnyd©H$ Mbr na§Vw

`mÌm g_m{á go Hw$N> {_ZQ> nyd© 1 \$adar 2003 H$mo em_ 7 ~OH$a

27 {_ZQ> na `mZ j{VJ«ñV hmo YaVr na Am {Jam Am¡a g^r gmV `mÌr

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

84

{Ma{ZÐm _| gmo JEŸ& gXm Vmam| H$s Amoa XoIZodmbr H$ënZm ^r AÝV[aj

_| EH$ {gVmam ~Z JB©Ÿ& EH$ Eogm {gVmam {OgH$s M_H$ H$^r H$_ Z

hmoJr Am¡a Omo AnZr M_H$ go ^maVr` `wdmAm| H$mo gXm AmH$me _|

C‹S>Zo H$s àoaUm XoVm ahoJmŸ& ^maVr` A§V[aj AZwg§YmZ g§JR>Z Ho$ à_wI

Ho$.H$ñVyara§JZ Or Zo H$hm - "" H$ënZm Zo EH$ nyar nr‹T>r H$mo àmoËgm{hV

{H$`m h¡, {ZpíMV hr `h g~go ~‹S>r CnbpãY h¡Ÿ&''

*****

eãXmW© :

ghnmR>r - gmW _| n‹T>Zo dmbm, à{V^m - ~w{Õ_mZr, K{Zð>Vm -

ZµOXrH$s, à{ejH$ - {gImZo dmbo, eQ>b - A§V[aj `mZ, JwéËdm-

H$f©U - n¥Ïdr H$s AmH$f©U e{ŠV, j{VJ«ñV - Zï> hmoZm, {Ma{ZÐm _|

gmo OmZm - Xohm§V hmo OmZmŸ&

Aä`mg

I. _m¡{IH$ -

1) H$ënZm Š`m gmoMVr Am¡a Š`m H$hVr Wt ?

2) H$ënZm H$m _Z Am¡a Ü`mZ H$hm± bJm ahVm Wm?

3) H$ënZm Ho$ _mVm-{nVm H$m Zm_ Š`m h¡ ?

4) H$ënZm Zo {H$g {df` _| B§Or{Z`[a¨J H$s nXdr àmá H$s?

5) H$ënZm Zo {H$g AÝV[aj `mZ _| `mÌm H$s?

6) H$ënZm H$s nhbr `mÌm H$m g_` {H$VZm Wm?

7) H$ënZm {H$gH$s àoaUm XoVr h¢ ?

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

85

II. {ZåZ{b{IV àíZm| H$m CÎma EH$ dmŠ` _| {b{IE :

1) H$ënZm AnZo ghnm{R>`m| go Š`m H$hVr Wr§ ?

2) H$ënZm H$m OÝ_ H$~ Am¡a H$hm± hþAm?

3) H$ënZm Ho$ _mVm-{nVm H$m Zm_ Š`m h¡ ?

4) H$ënZm H$m {ddmh H$~ Am¡a {H$gHo$ gmW hþAmŸ?

5) H¡${bµ\$mo{Z©`m _| H$ënZm Zo H$hm± H$m_ {H$`m ?

6) H$ënZm H$m MwZmd {H$g H$m`© Ho$ {bE {H$`m J`m ?

7) AÝV[aj _| H$ënZm H$m H$m`© Š`m Wm ?

8) H$ënZm H$s Xygar A§V[aj `mÌm H$~ ewê$ hþB© ?

9) `mÌm-g_m{á Ho$ g_` Š`m hþAm ?

10) H$ñVy>ara§JZ Or Zo H$ënZm Ho$ ~mao _| Š`m H$hm h¡?

III. Mma-nm±M dmŠ`m| _| CÎma {b{IE :

1) H$ënZm Ho$ n[adma H$m n[aM` Xr{OEŸ&

2) H$ënZm H$s {ejm H$m g§{já n[aM` Xr{OEŸ&

3) AÝV[aj mÌm Ho$ {bE H$ënZm H$mo H$hm± Am¡a H$m¡Z-gm à{ejU

{X`m J`m ?

4) H$ënZm H$s nhbr A§V[aj `mÌm Ho$ ~mao _| {b{IEŸ&

5) H$ënZm H$s Xygar A§V[aj `mÌm Ho$ A§V _| Š`m hþAm ?

IV. Ame` ñnï> H$s{OEŸ:

1) O~ Amn AnZo CÔoí` H$s ny{V© Ho$ {bE Om aho hm|, Vmo

`mÌm ew^H$mar hr hmoVr h¡Ÿ&

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

86

2) gXm Vmam| H$s Amoa XoIZodmbr H$ënZm ^r AÝV[aj _| EH$ {gVmam ~Z JB©Ÿ&

^mfm - ~moY Ü`mZ Xr{OE : 1) JwéËd + AmH$f©U = JwéËdmH$f©U A + Am = Am 2) Cn + AÜ`j = CnmÜ`j A + A = Am

`h XrK© g§pY h¡Ÿ& Bg àH$ma Xmo gOmVr` ñdam| Ho$ {_bZo na Cgr Om{V H$m XrK© ñda ~Z OmVm h¡Ÿ&

A) {ZåZ{b{IV eãXm| H$m g§pY-{dÀN>oX H$s{OE : 1) {dÚmb` 2) {h_mb` 3) {Jare 4) dYyËgd 5) bKy{_©

Am) {ZåZ{b{IV eãXm| H$s g§{Y H$s{OE : 1) {dÚm + AWu 2) nwñVH$ + Amb` 3) _hm + B©e 4) ^mZw + CX`

B) {ZåZ{b{IV eãXm| H$m dmŠ`m| _| à`moJ H$s{OE : 1) ghnmR>r 2) A§V[aj 3) à{V^m 4) K{Zð> 5) CÎmaXm{`Ëd

B©) nmR> _| AmE hþE "Xb' VWm "nyd©' eãXm| Ho$ EH$ go A{YH$ AW© h¢: 1) Xb - g_yh, nwîn `m no‹S> H$m EH$ nÎmmŸ&

2) nyd© - nhbo, EH$ {Xem H$m Zm_Ÿ&

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

87

C) {ZåZ{b{IV eãXm| Ho$ EH$ go A{YH$ AW© {b{IE :

1) Hw$b 2) CÎma 3) _V

4) gmoZm 5) na 6) H$a

D$) Ü`mZ Xr{OE - CXmhaU : gmW _| n‹T>Zodmbm-ghnmR>r Bgr àH$ma

{ZåZ{b{IV eãX-g_yh Ho$ {bE EH$ eãX {b{IE :

1) {OgHo$ _mVm-{nVm Z hm| -

2) Omo ^JdmZ _| {dídmg aIVm h¡ -

3) {OgH$s nËZr _a MwH$s h¡ -

4) Omo gË` _| {Zð>m aIVm h¡Ÿ -

5) {Ogo g~ {df`m| H$m kmZ h¡ -

6) {OgHo$ Ama-nma XoIm Om gHo$ -

7) gámh _| EH$ ~ma hmoZo dmbm -

8) ^maV _| ahZo dmbm -

E) {ZåZ{b{IV {deofUm| Am¡a {deoî`m| Ho$ ghr Omo‹S>o ~ZmBE :

1) à{V^membr - {gVmam

2) Vrgar - H$jm

3) M_H$Vm - à{ejU

4) Xgdt - ~oQ>r

5) à{gÕ - H$ënZm

6) H${R>Z - Ho$ÝÐ

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

88

V. H$ënZm Ho$ OrdZ H$s KQ>ZmAm| H$mo ghr KQ>Zm-H«$_ _|

Omo‹S>H$a Xmo~mam {b{IE :

1) n§Om~ B§Or{Z`[a¨J H$m°boO go EAamoZm°{Q>H$ B§Or{Z`[a¨J

2) Zmgm _| àmW©Zm nÌ

3) 19 Zd§~a 1997 _| AÝV[aj `mÌm

4) Q>¡Jmoa ~mb {ZHo$VZ go Xgdt H$jm

5) 1 OwbmB© 1961 _| OÝ_

6) 1 \$adar 2003 H$mo AÝV[aj `mZ H$m j{VJ«ñV hmoZm

7) A_o[aH$m _| n‹T>mB©

8) Q>oŠgmg _| Om°Z {n`ao go ^|Q>

9) Om°ÝgZ ñnog g|Q>a _| H${R>Z à{ejU

10) 1983 Ho$ {Xg§~a _| {ddmh

aMZm H$m`© :

A) Amn r H$ënZm Mmdbm H$s Vah AnZo OrdZ H$m bú` {ZYm©[aV

H$s{OE Am¡a gmoMH$a {b{IE {H$ Amn OrdZ _| Š`m ~ZZm

MmhVo h¢ Am¡a CgHo$ {bE AmnH$mo Š`m H$aZm hmoJm ?

Am) AnZo {dkmZ Ho$ AÜ`mnH$ go JwéËdmH$f©U Ho$ ~mao _| A{YH$

OmZH$mar àmá H$s{OE Am¡a H$ënZm H$s{OE {H$ `{X n¥Ïdr

na JwéËdmH$f©U e{ŠV Z hmoVr Vmo Š`m hmoVm ? Bg {df` na

H$jm _| MMm© H$s{OEŸ&

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

89

`mo½`Vm - {dñVma :

* maV Ho$ EH$ AÝ` A§V[aj mÌr amHo$e e_m© Ho$ ~mao _| OmZH$mar

àmá H$s{OEŸ&

* AÝV[aj `m{Ì`m| Ho$ {MÌm| H$m g§J«h H$s{OE Am¡a {dÚmb` Ho$

gyMZm nQ²>Q>> na bJmBEŸ&

*****

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

90

nmR> - 12

{H$Îmya H$m {H$bm

- g§H${bV

Ame` : H$Zm©Q>H$ Ho$ à{gX²>Y {H$bm| _| {H$Îmya Ho$ Eo{Vhm{gH$ {H$bo H$m n[aM` Bg {Z~§Y _| {X`m J`m h¡Ÿ&

^maV Xoe dram| H$m Xoe h¡Ÿ& `hm± Ho$ dram| Zo Xoe H$s ajm _| h±gVo -

h±gVo àmU Xo {XE h¢Ÿ& BZ dram| H$s H$hm{Z`m± gwZH$a Vwåh| Jd© hmoJmŸ&

_hmamZr bú_r~mB© H$s draVm H$s H$hmZr Vmo Vw_Zo gwZr hr hmoJrŸ& AmAmo,

Vwåh| Eogr hr EH$ Am¡a H$hmZr gwZmE±Ÿ& `h H$hmZr h¡ amZr MoÞå_m H$sŸ&

MoÞå_m Zo AnZo ñdm{^_mZ H$s ajm Ho$ {bE A§J«oµOm| go bmohm {b`m WmŸ&

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

91

MoÞå_m {H$Îmya H$s amZr WrŸ& {H$Îmya Ho$ {H$bo na BgrH$m A{YH$ma

WmŸ& `h {H$bm ha X¥{ï> go gwa{jV WmŸ& {H$Îmya A~ nhbo O¡gm Zht ah

J`m h¡Ÿ& nhbo h amÁ` Wm VrZ gm¡ CZgR> Jm±dm| Am¡a ~hÎma {H$bm| H$mŸ&

V~ BgH$s emo^m {d{MÌ WrŸ&

Img {H$Îmya _| EH$ {demb {H$bm WmŸ& Bgo {H$Îmya H$m {H$bm H$hVo

h¢Ÿ& bJ^J S>o‹T>> gm¡ df© nhbo H$s ~mV h¡Ÿ& XogmB© d§e Ho$ _ëbgO© `hm±

Ho$ amOm WoŸ& do ~‹S>o ~hmXwa WoŸ& CZH$s Xmo am{Z`m± WtŸ& MoÞå_m N>moQ>r amZr

WrŸ& ~MnZ _| hr CgZo Vbdma MbmZm, Kmo‹S>o H$s gdmar H$aZm grI

{b`m WmŸ& MoÞå_m H$s H$moB© g§VmZ Zht WrŸ&

{H$Îmya N>moQ>m-gm Jm±d hmoVo hþE ^r dhm± Ho$ I§S>h>aŸ amZr MoÞå_m Am¡a

g§Jmoëbr am`ÊUm O¡go dram| Ho$ àË`j gmjr h¢& {H$bo H$s {_Q²>Q>r H$s

Xrdma gmV \w$Q> Mm¡‹S>r h¡Ÿ& `h {H$bm D±$MmB© na ahZo Ho$ H$maU, _rbm|

Xya VH$ {XImB© XoVm h¡Ÿ& {H$bo H$s ^ì`Vm H$m dU©Z H$aVo hþE A§Jo«µO

B{VhmgH$mam| Zo {bIm h¡ {H$ - ""`h EH$ AgmYmaU {H$bm ahm hmoJmŸ&''

{H$bo H$s {dembVm AmO ^r XoIr Om gH$Vr h¡Ÿ& ~mhar àm§JU bJ^J

gm¡ \w$Q> b§~m h¡ Am¡a Vrg \w$Q> Mm¡‹S>m h¡Ÿ& N>V _| bH$‹S>r H$s H$marJar

XoIVo hr ~ZVr h¡Ÿ&

_ëbgO© H$s _¥Ë w Ho$ ~mX amÁ` H$m ma MoÞå_m Ho$ H§$Yo na Am J`m&

Cg g_` bm‹S>© hopñQ>¨½µO ^maV H$m JdZ©a OZab WmŸ& A§Jo«µOm| H$s Zr{V

Amn OmZVo hr h¢& ^maV H$mo do byQ>Zm MmhVo WoŸ& MoÞå_m XyaXeu _{hbm

WrŸ& dh OmZ JB© {H$ {H$gr {XZ A§Jo«µO {H$Îmya Ho$ {H$bo na h_bm H$a|JoŸ&

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

92

Bg{bE CgZo {H$bo H$s gwajm H$m nyam BÝVOm_ H$a {b`mŸ& b‹S>>Zo Ho$ {bE

h{W`ma _±Jm {b`o, n`m©á ^moOZ-gm_J«r BH$Q²>R>r H$a brŸ& Bg{bE {H$

AJa Xwí_Z {H$bo H$mo Koa b| Vmo H$m\$s {XZm| VH$ ImZo H$s H$_r Z hmoŸ&

amZr Zo EH$ ~ÀMo H$mo JmoX boH$a CÎmam{YH$mar ~Zm {X`mŸ& BgH$s

I~a VËH$mbrZ {S>ßQ>r H${_íZa W¡H$ao Ho$ nmg nhþ±MrŸ& dh Vmo ~hmZm ImoO

hr ahm WmŸ& {\$a Š`m WmŸ! {H$bo na M‹T>> Am`mŸ& amZr Ho$ nmg CgZo EH$

nÌ {^Odm`m-""_¢ Amngo amÁ` Ho$ _m_bo _| Hw$N> ~mV H$aZm MmhVm

hÿ±Ÿ&'' amZr Zo H$hbm`m- ""_¢ b‹S>>mB© Ho$ _¡XmZ _| BgH$m CÎma Xy±JrŸ&''

A§Jo«µOm| Ho$ {bE `h MwZm¡Vr WrŸ& W¡H$ao ~m¡Ibm CR>mŸ& amZr Zo {H$Îmya

Ho$ {H$bo H$m XadmOm ~ÝX H$am {X`mŸ& dh ñd`§ Vbdma boH$a {H$bo

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

93

Ho$ ~wO© na M‹T> JB© Am¡a AnZo {gnm{h`m| H$mo b‹S>>Zo Ho$ {bE bbH$maZo

bJrŸ& CgH$s ~hmXwar Ho$ gm_Zo Xwí_Z Wmo‹S>r Xoa Ho$ {bE bmMma hmo J`oŸ&

AMmZH$ EH$ Cnm` CÝh| gyPmŸ& CZHo$ nmg ~‹S>r-~‹S>r Vmon| WtŸ&

CÝhm|Zo Vmon go {H$bo H$m \$mQ>H$ C‹S>m {X`mŸ& CZH$s goZm KwgZo bJrŸ&

V^r amZr MoÞå_m n{V H$s Vbdma boH$a XadmOo na Am S>Q>rŸ& CgZo

^rfU _ma-H$mQ> _MmB©Ÿ& A§Jo«µOr Xhb JEŸ& CÝh| _w±h H$s ImZr n‹S>rŸ&

W¡H$ao _ma S>mbm J`mŸ& A§J«oµOr goZm ^mJ I‹S>r hþB©Ÿ& {H$Îmya H$m {H$bm

amZr H$s {dO` na _wñHw$am CR>mŸ&

bo{H$Z `h PJ‹S>o H$m A§V Zht WmŸ& {H$bo H$s _wñHw$amhQ> Amh _|

~Xb JB©Ÿ& AnZr hma go A§Jo«µOr A{YH$mar {Vb{_bm CR>o WoŸ& Wmo‹S>o hr

{XZm| _| mar goZm boH$a do {\$a {H$bo na Am Y_Ho$Ÿ& Vbdma| M_H$ CR>t,

Vmonm| go AmJ {ZH$bZo bJr, hµOmam| H$s g§»`m _| g¡{ZH$ Km`b hþEŸ&

{H$bo _| ImZo H$m gm_mZ IË_ hmo J`mŸ& Am{Ia H$~ VH$ ^rVa

~ÝX ahm OmVmŸ& amZr Zo nwéf H$m doe YmaU {H$`m Am¡a XadmOo na Am

S>Q>rŸ& K_mgmZ b‹S>mB© hþB©Ÿ& Bgr ~rM amZr Ho$ Hw$N> gm{W`m| Zo JX²Xmar

H$sŸ& CÝhm|Zo {H$bo H$m \$mQ>H$ Imob {X`mŸ& A§J«oµOr goZm {H$bo Ho$ A§Xa

Kwg JB©Ÿ& amZr ~ÝXr ~Zm br JB©Ÿ&

{H$bo _| H$s_Vr IOmZm WmŸ& A§Jo«µOm| Zo Cgo byQ> {b`mŸ& {H$bo H$mo

nyar Vah Zï> H$a {X`m J`mŸ& Bg àH$ma {H$Îmya Ho$ {H$bo H$s H$hmZr g~go

XX©ZmH$ h¡Ÿ&

*****

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

94

eãXmW© :

bmohm boZm - `wÕ H$aZm, H§$Yo na AmZm - {Oå_oXmar AmZm,

h_bm - AmH«$_U, BÝVOm_ - ì`dñWm, V¡`mar; ~hmZm - H$maU,

_w±h H$s ImZm - hma _mZZm, IµOmZm - H$mof, ~m¡Ibm CR>Zm - Jwñgo

_| AmZmŸ&

Aä`mg

I. _m¡{IH$ -

1) {H$Îmya Ho$ {H$bo H$s Xrdma H$s Mm¡‹S>mB© {H$VZr h¡ ?

2) nhbo {H$Îmya H$m {dñVma {H$VZm WmŸ?

3) bmS>© hopñQ>¨½µO H$m¡Z Wm ?

II. {ZåZ{b{IV àíZm| Ho$ CÎma EH$ dmŠ` _| {b{IE :

1) {H$Îmya H$s amZr H$m¡Z Wr ?

2) {H$Îmya na {H$gH$m A{YH$ma Wm ?

3) amOm _ëbgO© {H$g d§e Ho$ Wo ?

4) amOm _ëbgO© H$s {H$VZr am{Z`m± Wt ?

5) MoÞå_m Zo {H$ggo bmohm {b`m Wm ?

6) nhbo {H$Îmya H$m {dñVma {H$VZm Wm ?

7) {H$Îmya {H$bo Ho$ ~mao _| A§Jo«Oo B{VhmgH$mam| Zo Š`m H$hm h¡ ?

III. {ZåZ{b{IV àíZm| Ho$ CÎma Mma-nm±M dmŠ`m| _| {b{IE :

1) {H$Îmya Ho$ {H$bo H$m dU©Z H$s{OEŸ&

2) MoÝZå_m EH$ XyaXeu _{hbm Wr, H¡$go ?

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

95

3) W¡H$ao Zo {H$Îmya na AmH«$_U Š`m| {H$`m, CgH$m n[aUm_

Š`m hþAm ?

4) amZr MoÞå_m Zo {H$Îmya H$s ajm {H$g àH$ma H$s ?

5) {H$Îmya Ho$ {H$bo H$s H$hmZr XX©ZmH$ h¡, H¡$go ?

IV. {H$gZo, {H$ggo H$hm ?

1) ""_¢ Amngo amÁ` Ho$ _m_bo _| Hw$N> ~mV H$aZm MmhVm hÿ±Ÿ&''

2) ""_¢ b‹S>mB© Ho$ _¡XmZ _| BgH$m CÎma Xy±JrŸ&''

V. {ZåZ{b{IV n§{ŠV`m| H$mo H$hZodmbo à{gX²Y ì`{ŠV`m| Ho$ Zm_

{b{IE :

1) ""Vw_ _wPo IyZ Xmo, _¢ Vwåh| AmµOmXr Xy±JmŸ&''

2) ""ñdamÁ` _oam OÝ_{gÕ A{YH$ma h¡Ÿ&''

3) ""OZ-JU _Z A{YZm`H$ O` ho&''

4) ""gmao Ohm± go AÀN>m {h§XmoñVm± h_mamŸ&''

5) ""H$amo `m _amoŸ&''

^mfm - ~moYH$) BZ eãXm| Ho$ n`m©`dmMr eãX {b{IE :

1) B§VµOm_ 2) BH$Q²>R>m 3) h_bm 4) ImoO 5) JX²Xmar

I) BZ eãXm| Ho$ AÝ` dMZ ê$n {b{IE :

1) H$hmZr 2) {H$bm 3) amZr

4) H§$Ym 5) Vbdma 6) ~ÀMm

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

96

J) BZ eãXm| Ho$ {dnarVmW©H$ eãX {b{IE :

1) M‹T>Zm 2) {dO` 3) {demb

4) Xwí_Z 5) A§V 6) CÎma

K) aoIm§{H$V H$maH$m| Ho$ Zm_ {b{IE :

CXmhaU : ~§Xa no‹S> na ~¡R>m h¡Ÿ& - A{YH$aU H$maH$

1) bS>{H$`m± J|X go Iob ahr h¢Ÿ&

2) g¡{ZH$ Kmo‹S>o na gdma h¡Ÿ&

3) am_ H$m ~ñVm H$jm _| ah J`mŸ&

4) ~ÀMm| H$mo ImZm {Ibm XmoŸ&

5) amYm nyOm Ho$ {bE \y$b bo Om ahr h¡Ÿ&

`mo½`Vm - {dñVma :

* AnZo AÜ`mnH$ go H$Zm©Q>H$ Ho$ AÝ` {H$bm| Ho$ ~mao _| OmZH$mar

àmá H$s{OEŸ&

* Hw$N> {H$bm| Ho$ {MÌm| H$m g§J«h H$a EH$ Ab~_ ~ZmBEŸ&

*****

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

97

nmR> - 13

H$gm¡Q>r

- A`moÜ`mqgh CnmÜ`m` "h[aAm¡Y'

Ame` : _Zwî` H$mo Mm{hE {H$ dh AnZo OrdZ Ho$ ha joÌ _| Eogm H$m`© H$a| {H$ OrdZ H$s H$gm¡Q>r na Iam CVaoŸ& OrdZ _| ê$n H$mo _hËd Z XoH$a JwUm| H$mo _hËd XoZm Mm{hEŸ&

gm±dbm H$moB© hmo Vmo Š`mŸ&

AJa hmo T>§Jm| _| T>mbmŸ&&

H$aoJm Š`m Jmoam _wI‹S>mŸ&

Omo {H$gr H$m {Xb hmo H$mbm Ÿ&&1Ÿ&&

~‹S>r hm| `m hmod| N>moQ>rŸ&

^bo hr ah| Z agdmbrŸ&&

Mm{hE do Am±I| h_H$moŸ&

ß`ma H$s hmo {OZ_| bmbr Ÿ&&2Ÿ&&

^am hmodo CZ_| OmXyŸ&

Z aŠI| do AnZm gmZrŸ&&

Š`m H$a| Eogr Am±I| boŸ&

{Ja J`m h¡ {OZH$m nmZrŸ&&3Ÿ&&

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

98

Z {Og_| XX© {_bm, EogoŸ&

Am±I _| Am±gy Š`m| Am`oŸ&&

{hV _hH$ Omo Z {_b gH$s VmoŸ&

\y$b Š`m _w±h go P‹S>> nm`oŸ&&4Ÿ&&

Š`m H$ao boH$a Ho$ H$moB©Ÿ&

{H$gr H$m ê$n-a§J EogmŸ&&

\y$b-gm hmo H$aHo$ ^r OmoŸ&

IQ>H$Vm h¡ H$m±Q>m| O¡gmŸ&&5Ÿ&&

AmX{_`V Omo Imo AnZrŸ&

H$m_ aIVo _Vb~ go h¢Ÿ&&

^bo hr Jmoao {MQ²>Q>o hm|Ÿ&

Am~Zygr Hw$ÝXo do h¢Ÿ&&6Ÿ&&

Z {~J‹S>o a§JV, a§JV goŸ&

Z _Z hmo VZ na _VdmbmŸ&&

^yb _| h_H$mo Š`m| S>mboŸ&

{H$gr H$m _wI ^mobm-^mbmŸ&&7Ÿ&&

ê$n Ho$ hmW Z {~H$ Om`|Ÿ&

Z gwI Xod| boH$a XwI‹S>mŸ&&

H$mR> go AJa n‹S>m nmbmŸ&

Š`m H$aoJm gwS>m¡b _wI‹S>mŸ&&8Ÿ&&

*****

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

99

H${d n[aM` - A`moÜ`mqgh CnmÜ`m` "h[aAm¡Y' (1865-1947)

A`m oÜ`mqgh CnmÜ`m` Or H$m OÝ_ AmO_J‹T >, {Obm

{ZµOm_m~mX _| hþAmŸ& Amn dht dZm©Š`wba H$s narjm nmg H$aHo$ {_{S>b

ñHy$b Ho$ AÜ`mnH$ ~ZoŸ& Cg nX H$mo BñVr\$m XoH$a Hw$N> {XZ ~mX

_XZ_mohZ _mbdr` Or H$s àoaUm go H$mer {hÝXy {dœ{dÚmb` _| qhXr

H$m AÜ`mnZ àma§^ {H$`mŸ& àma§^ _| Amn ~«O^mfm _| H${dVm {bIVo Wo,

~mX _| I‹S>r~mobr _| aMZm H$sŸ& AmnH$m "{à`àdmg' I‹S>r~mobr H$m loð>

_hmH$mì` h¡Ÿ& BgHo$ Abmdm AmnZo "ag-H$be', "R>oR> {hÝXr H$m

R>mR>' "AY{Ibm \y$b' Am{X H¥${V`m| H$s aMZm H$s h¡Ÿ& AmnHo$ H$mì` _|

dmËgë` Am¡a l¥§Jma H$s àYmZVm h¡Ÿ& AmnZo _whmdam| Am¡a Ab§H$mam| H$m

gw§Xa à`moJ {H$`m h¡Ÿ&

eãXmW© :

H$gm¡Q>r - IaonZ H$m nVm bJmZm, gm±dbm - í`m_ dU©, H$mbm;

T>mb - Vbdma, ^mbm Am{X H$m dma amoH$Zo H$m gmYZ; _wI‹S>m - _wI,

Moham; bmbr - gwIu, BÁµOV; gmZr - AnZr ~am~ar H$m, _hH$ -

gwJ§Y, P‹S>Zm - {ZH$bZm, IQ>H$Zm - XwI XoZm, AmX{_`V - _Zwî`Vm,

ImoO - nVm bJmZm, Am~Zygr Hw§$Xm - H$mbo a§J H$s bH$‹S>r, a§JV - a§J,

dU©; mobm - gab, A~moY; XwI‹S>m - Xw…I, H$mR> - bH$‹S>r, gwS>m¡b - gw§XaŸ&

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

100

Aä`mg

I. _m¡{IH$ -

1) "H$gm¡Q>r' H${dVm Ho$ H${d H$m¡Z h¢ ?

2) H$gm¡Q>r H$m AW© Š`m h¡ ?

3) Am±Im| _| H$m¡Z-gm ^md ahZm µOê$ar h¡ ?

4) h_| {H$gHo$ hmW Zht {~H$Zm Mm{hE ?

II. EH$ dmŠ` _| CÎma {b{IE :

1) gm±dbm hmoZo na ^r Š`m hmoZm µOê$ar h¡ ?

2) Am±Im| _| H¡$gm ^md ahZm Mm{hE ?

3) \y$b-gm hmoH$a ^r {H$gHo$ O¡go IQ>H$Vm h¡ ?

4) ^mobm-^mbm _wI h_| {H$g_| S>mb gH$Vm h¡ ?

III. VrZ-Mma dmŠ`m| _| CÎma {b{IE:

1) Am±I| gwÝXa hmoZo na ^r H$~ ~war bJVr h¢ ?

2) gwÝXa ê$n-a§Jdmbm ì`{ŠV ^r H$~ ~wam bJVm h¡ ?

3) H$m¡Z Am~Zygr Hw$ÝXm bJVm h¡ ?

4) Bg H${dVm H$m _w»` ^md Š`m h¡ ?

IV. {ZåZ{b{IV n§{ŠV`m| H$m ^md ñnï> H$s{OE :

H$) ~‹S>r hm| `m hmod| N>moQ>rŸ&

^bo hr ah| Z agdmbrŸ&&

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

101

Mm{hE do Am±I| h_H$moŸ&

ß`ma H$s hmo {OZ_| bmbrŸ&&

I) Z {~J‹S>o a§JV, a§JV goŸ&

Z _Z hmo VZ na _VdmbmŸ&&

^yb _| h_H$mo Š`m| S>mboŸ&

{H$gr H$m _wI ^mobm-^mbmŸ&&

J) AmX{_`V Omo Imo AnZr

H$m_ aIVo _Vb~ go h¢Ÿ&&

^bo hr Jmoao {MQ²>Q>o hm|Ÿ&

Am~Zygr Hw$ÝXo do h¢Ÿ&&

V. {ZåZ{b{IV n§{ŠV`m| H$s ny{V© H$s{OE :

H$) gm±dbm ........................ &

................................ &&

................................. &

.......................... H$mbmŸ&&

I) Š`m H$ao ........................ &

................................. &&

................................. &

............................ O¡gmŸ&&

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

102

VI. Omo‹S>H$a {b{IE :

1) ^bo hr ah| A) Omo Imo AnZr

2) ^am hmodo Am) Z {~H$ Om`|

3) ê$n Ho$ hmW B) CZ_| OmXy

4) AmX{_`V B©) Z agdmbr

`mo½`Vm - {dñVma

* A`moÜ`mqgh CnmÜ`m` "h[aAm¡Y' Or H$s AÝ` H${dVmE±

n{‹T>EŸ&

* "g§Kf©_` OrdZ' Ho$ ~mao _| Xg dmŠ` {b{IEŸ&

*****

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

103

nmR> - 14

B©XJmh

- ào_M§X

Ame` : ào_MÝX H$s `h H$hmZr EH$ _Zmo{dkmZ H$s n¥ð>^y{_ na g§doXZmË_H$ ar{V go {bIr JB© h¡Ÿ& Jar~ hmoVo hþE ^r "B©X' Ho$ Ë`mohma na AnZr {ddoH$erbVm go "hm{_X' H$m AnZr XmXr Ho$ {bE EH$ {M_Q>m IarXZm - H$hmZr H$m Ho$ÝÐ {~ÝXw h¡ &

a_µOmZ Ho$ nyao Vrg amoµOm| Ho$ ~mX AmO B©X AmB© h¡Ÿ& {H$VZm _Zmoha,

{H$VZm gwhmdZm à^mV h¡! AmO H$m gy`© XoImo, {H$VZm ß`mam, {H$VZm

erVb h¡! _mZmo g§gma H$mo B©X H$s ~YmB© Xo ahm h¡Ÿ& Jm±d _| {H$VZr

hbMb h¡! B©XJmh OmZo H$s V¡`m[a`m± hmo ahr h¢Ÿ& {H$gr Ho$ Hw$V} _| ~Q>Z

Zht h¢, n‹S>mog Ho$ Ka go gwB©-YmJm boZo Xm¡‹S>m Om ahm h¡Ÿ& {H$gr Ho$ OyVo

H$‹S>o hmo JE h¢, CZ_| Vob S>mbZo Ho$ {bE Vobr Ho$ Ka ^mJm Om ahm h¡Ÿ&

OëXr-OëXr ~¡bm| H$mo gmZr-nmZr Xo X|Ÿ& B©XJmh go bm¡Q>Vo-bm¡Q>Vo Xmonha

hmo OmEJrŸ& VrZ H$mog H$m n¡Xb amñVm, {\$a g¡H$‹S>m| AmX{_`m| go {_bZm-

^|Q>ZmŸ& Xmonha go nhbo bm¡Q>Zm Ag§^d h¡Ÿ& b‹S>Ho$ g~go µµÁ`mXm àgÞ h¢Ÿ&

{H$gr Zo EH$ amoµOm aIm h¡, dh ^r Xmonha VH$, {H$gr Zo dh ^r Zht,

bo{H$Z B©XJmh OmZo H$s Iwer CZHo$ {hñgo H$s MrµO h¡Ÿ& amoµOo ~‹S>o-~y‹T>m|

Ho$ {bE hm|JoŸ& BZHo$ {bE Vmo B©X h¡Ÿ& amoµO B©X H$m Zm_ aQ>Vo WoŸ& AmO

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

104

dh Am JB©Ÿ& A~ OëXr n‹S>r h¡ {H$ bmoJ B©XJmh Š`m| Zht MbVoŸ& CZH$s

AnZr Oo~m| _| Vmo Hw$~oa H$m YZ ^am hþAm h¡Ÿ&

~ma-~ma Oo~ go AnZm IµOmZm {ZH$mbH$a {JZVo h¢ Am¡a Iwe

hmoH$a {\$a aI boVo h¢Ÿ& _h_yX {JZVm h¡, EH$.... Xmo.... Xg.... ~mahŸ&

_moh{gZ Ho$ nmg EH$... Xmo...VrZ... AmR>... Zm¡... nÝX«h n¡go h¢Ÿ& BÝht

AZ{JZV n¡gm| go AZ{JZV MrµO| bmE±Jo - {Ibm¡Zo, {_R>mB`m±, {~Jwb,

J|X Am¡a OmZo Š`m-Š`mŸ& Am¡a g~go µµÁ`mXm àgÞ h¡ hm{_X ! µJar~-

gyaV, Xw~bm-nVbm b‹S>H$m, {OgH$m ~mn JV df© h¡µOo H$s ^|Q> hmo J`mŸ&

{\$a EH$ {XZ _m± ^r nrbr hmoH$a _a JB©Ÿ& A~ hm{_X AnZr ~y‹T>r XmXr

A_rZm H$s JmoX _| gmoVm h¡ Am¡a CVZm hr àgÞ h¡Ÿ&

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

105

hm{_X Ho$ nm±d _| OyVo Zht h¢, {ga na EH$ nwamZr-YwamZr Q>monr h¡

{OgH$m JmoQ>m H$mbm n‹S> J`m h¡, {\$a ^r dh àgÞ h¡Ÿ& A^m{JZ A_rZm

H$moR>ar _| ~¡R>r amo ahr h¡Ÿ& B©X H$m {XZ Am¡a CgHo$ Ka _| XmZm ZhtŸ& Bg

A§YH$ma Am¡a {Zamem _| dh Sy>~r Om ahr h¡Ÿ& {H$gZo ~wbm`m Wm Bg

{ZJmo‹S>r B©X H$mo ?

A_rZm H$m {Xb H$MmoQ> ahm h¡Ÿ& Jm±d Ho$ ~ÀMo AnZo-AnZo ~mn Ho$

gmW Om aho h¢Ÿ& hm{_X H$m A_rZm Ho$ {gdm` Am¡a H$m¡Z h¡? Cgo H¡$go

AHo$bo _obo _| OmZo Xo ? Cg ^r‹S>-^m‹S> _| ~ÀMm H$ht Imo J`m Vmo Š`m

hmoJm ? Zht, A_rZm Cgo `m| Z OmZo XoJrŸ& ZÝhr§-gr OmZ, VrZ H$mog

MboJm H¡$go? n¡am| _| N>mbo n‹S> OmE±JoŸ& OyVo ^r Vmo Zht h¢Ÿ& Hw$b Xmo AmZo

n¡go aho h¢Ÿ& VrZ n¡go hm{_X H$s Oo~ _|, nm±M A_rZm Ho$ ~Qw>E _|Ÿ& `hr

Vmo {~gmV h¡ Am¡a B©X H$m Ë`mohma ? Aëbmh hr ~o‹S>m nma bJmEŸ&

hm{_X ^rVa OmH$a XmXr go H$hVm h¡, ""Vw_ S>aZm Zht Aå_m, _¢

g~go nhbo AmD±$JmŸ&''

Jm±d go _obm MbmŸ Am¡a ~ÀMm| Ho$ gmW hm{_X ^r MbmŸ& H$^r

g~-Ho$-g~ Xm¡‹S> H$a AmJo {ZH$b OmVoŸ& {\$a {H$gr no‹S> Ho$ ZrMo I‹S>o

hmoH$a gm{W`m| H$m BÝVµOma H$aVoŸ& hm{_X Ho$ n¡am| _| Vmo O¡go na bJ JE

h¢Ÿ& dh H$^r WH$ gH$Vm h¡ Š`m ?

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

106

~‹S>r-~‹S>r B_maV| AmZo bJtŸ& `h AXmbV h¡, `h H$m°boO h¡, `h

Šb~ Ka h¡Ÿ& AmJo MboŸ& hbdmB`m| H$s XwH$mZ| ewê$ hþBªŸ& AmO Iy~

gOr hþB© WtŸ& BVZr {_R>mB`m± H$m¡Z ImVm h¡? XoImo Z, EH$-EH$ XwH$mZ

na _Zm| hm|JrŸ&

ghgm B©XJmh ZµOa Am`mŸ& B_br Ho$ KZo d¥jm| H$s N>m`m h¡Ÿ& ZrMo

nŠH$m µ\$e© h¡, Cg na Om{µO_ {~N>r hþB© h¡Ÿ& amoµOoXmamo§ H$s n§{ŠV`m± EH$

Ho$ nrN>o EH$ Z OmZo H$hm± VH$ Mbr JB© h¢Ÿ& `hm± H$moB© YZ Am¡a nX Zht

XoIVmŸ& BZ J«m_rUm| Zo ^r dµOy {H$`m Am¡a {nN>br n§{ŠV _| I‹S>o hmo JEŸ&

{H$VZm gwÝXa g§MmbZ h¡, {H$VZr gw§Xa ì`dñWm! hµOmam| {ga EH$ gmW

{gOXo _| PwH$ OmVo h¢Ÿ& {\$a g~-Ho$-g~ EH$ gmW I‹S>o hmo OmVo h¢Ÿ&

_mZmo «mV¥Ëd H$m gyÌ BZ g_ñV AmË_mAm| H$mo EH$ b‹S>r _| {namoE hþE h¡Ÿ&

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

107

Z_mµO hmo JB©Ÿ& bmoJ Amng _| Jbo {_b aho h¢Ÿ& A~ {_R>mB`m| Am¡a

{Ibm¡Zm| H$s XwH$mZm| na Ymdm hmoVm h¡Ÿ& J«m_rUm| H$m `h Xb Bg {df`

_| ~mbH$m| go H$_ CËgmhr Zht h¡Ÿ& `h XoImo, {hÊS>mobm h¡Ÿ& EH$ n¡gm

XoH$a M‹T> OmAmoŸ& H$^r Amg_mZ na OmVo hþE _mby_ hm|Jo, H$^r µO_rZ

na {JaVo hþEŸ& `h MaIr h¡Ÿ& bH$‹S>r Ho$ hmWr, Kmo‹S>o Am¡a D±$Q> N>‹S>m|

go bQ>Ho$ hþE h¢Ÿ& EH$ n¡gm XoH$a ~¡R> OmAmo, nÀMrg MŠH$am| H$m _µOm

bmoŸ& _h_yX, _moh{gZ, Zyao Am¡a gå_r BZ Kmo‹S>m| Am¡a D±$Q>m| na ~¡R>Vo h¢Ÿ&

hm{_X Xya I‹S>m h¡Ÿ& VrZ n¡go hr Vmo CgHo$ nmg h¢Ÿ& dh AnZo H$mof H$m

EH$-{VhmB© µOam-gm MŠH$a ImZo Ho$ {bE Zht Xo gH$VmŸ&

g~ Ma{I`m| go CVaVo h¢Ÿ& A~ {Ibm¡Zo b|JoŸ& BYa XwH$mZm| H$s

H$Vma bJr hþB© h¡Ÿ& Vah-Vah Ho$ {Ibm¡Zo h¢ - {gnmhr Am¡a JwO[a`m,

amOm Am¡a dH$sb, {^íVr Am¡a Ymo{~ZŸ& dmh ! bJVm h¡ g~ ~mob-

Zm hr MmhVo h¢Ÿ& _h_yX {gnmhr boVm h¡, ImH$s dXu Am¡a bmb nJ‹S>r

dmbm, H$§Yo na ~§XyH$ aIo hþEŸ& _mby_ hmoVm h¡ A^r H$dm`X {H$E Mbm

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

108

Am ahm h¡Ÿ& _moh{gZ H$mo {^íVr ngÝX Am`mŸ& H$_a PwH$s hþB©, D$na _eH$

aIo hþE h¡Ÿ& _eH$ H$m _w±h EH$ hmW go nH$‹S>o hþE h¡Ÿ& {H$VZm àgÞ h¡ !

em`X H$moB© JrV Jm ahm h¡Ÿ& ~g _eH$ go nmZr C±‹S>obZm hr MmhVm h¡Ÿ&

Zyao H$mo dH$sb go ào_ h¡Ÿ& H$mbm MmoJm, ZrMo gµ\o$X AMH$Z, AMH$Z

Ho$ gm_Zo H$s Oo~ _| K‹S>r, gwZhar O§µOra, EH$ hmW _| H$mZyZ H$m nmoWm

{bE hþEŸ& _mby_ hmoVm h¡, A^r {H$gr AXmbV go {Oah `m ~hg {H$E

Mbo Am ahm h¡Ÿ& `o g~ Xmo-Xmo n¡gm| Ho$ {Ibm¡Zo h¢Ÿ& hm{_X Ho$ nmg Hw$b

VrZ n¡go h¢, BVZo _h±Jo {Ibm¡Zo H¡$go bo? {Ibm¡Zm H$ht hmW go Ny>Q> n‹S>o,

Vmo Mya-Mya hmo OmEŸ& µOam nmZr n‹S>o Vmo gmam a§J Ywb OmEŸ& Eogo {Ibm¡Zo

{H$g H$m_ Ho$? CÝh| boH$a dh Š`m H$aoJm?

{Ibm¡Zm| Ho$ ~mX {_R>mB`m± AmVr h¢Ÿ& {H$gr Zo aod{‹S>`m± br h¢, {H$grZo

Jwbm~ Om_wZ, {H$gr Zo gmohZ hbdmŸ& _µOo go Im aho h¢Ÿ& hm{_X {~amXar

go AbJ h¡Ÿ& A^mJo Ho$ nmg VrZ n¡go h¢Ÿ& Š`m| Zht Hw$N> boH$a ImVm ?

bbMmB© Am±Im| go g~H$s Amoa XoIVm h¡Ÿ&

{_R>mB`m| Ho$ ~mX Hw$N> XwH$mZ| bmoho H$s MrµOm| H$s h¢, Hw$N> {JbQ> Am¡a

Hw$N> ZH$br JhZm| H$sŸ& b‹S>H$m| Ho$ {bE `hm± H$moB© AmH$f©U Zht h¡Ÿ& do

g~ AmJo ~‹T> OmVo h¢Ÿ& hm{_X bmoho H$s XwH$mZ na éH$ OmVm h¡Ÿ& H$B©

{M_Q>o aIo hþE h¢Ÿ& Cgo I`mb Am`m, XmXr Ho$ nmg {M_Q>m Zht h¡Ÿ& Vdo

go amo{Q>`m± CVmaVr h¢ Vmo hmW Ob OmVm h¡Ÿ& AJa dh {M_Q>m bo OmH$a

XmXr H$mo Xo Vmo {H$VZr àgÞ hm|JrŸ& {\$a CZH$s C±J{b`m± H$^r Z Ob|JrŸ&

Ka _| EH$ H$m_ H$s MrµO hmo OmEJrŸ& {Ibm¡Zm| go Š`m µ\$m`Xm? ì`W©

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

109

_| n¡go Iam~ hmoVo h¢Ÿ& µOam Xoa H$s Iwer hmoVr h¡Ÿ& {\$a Vmo {Ibm¡Zm| H$s

Amoa H$moB© Am±I CR>mH$a r Zht XoIVmŸ& m {\$a Ka nhþ±MVo-nhþ±MVo Qy>Q>-

\y$Q>H$a ~am~a hmo OmE±JoŸ& {M_Q>m {H$VZo H$m_ H$s MrµO h¡ ! amo{Q>`m± Vdo

go CVma bmo, Myëho _| g|H$ bmoŸ& H$moB© AmJ _m±JZo AmE Vmo PQ>nQ> Myëho

go AmJ {ZH$mbH$a Cgo Xo XmoŸ& Aå_m ~oMmar H$mo H$hm± \w$agV h¡ {H$

~mµOma OmE Am¡a BVZo n¡go hr H$hm± {_bVo h¢ ? amoµO hmW Obm boVr h¢Ÿ&

hm{_X Ho$ gmWr AmJo ~‹T> JE h¢Ÿ& g~rb na g~-Ho$-g~ e~©V nr

aho h¢Ÿ& XoImo, g~ {H$VZo bmbMr h¢Ÿ& BVZr {_R>mB`m± bt, _wPo {H$grZo

EH$ ^r Z XrŸ& Cg na H$hVo h¢, _oao gmW MbmoŸ& _oam `h H$m_ H$amo, _oam

dh H$m_ H$amoŸ& A~ AJa {H$gr Zo {H$gr H$m_ H$mo H$hm, Vmo nyNy>±JmŸ&

ImE± {_R>mB`m±Ÿ& Amn _w±h g‹S>oJm, \$mo‹S>o-\w§${g`m± {ZH$b|Jr, Amn hr µO~mZ

MQ>moar hmo OmEJrŸ& V~ Ka go n¡go MwamE±Jo Am¡a _ma ImE±JoŸ& {H$Vm~ _|

PyR>r ~mV| Wmo‹S>o hr {bIr h¢Ÿ& _oar µO~mZ Š`m| Iam~ hmoJr? Aå_m {M_Q>m

XoI, Xm¡‹S>H$a _oao hmW go bo b|Jr Am¡a H$h|Jr - _oam ~ÀMm, Aå_m Ho$

{bE {M_Q>m bm`m h¡Ÿ& hµOmam| XwAmE± X|JrŸ& {\$a n‹S>mog H$s Am¡aVm| H$mo

{XImE±JrŸ& gmao Jm±d _| MMm© hmoZo bJoJr, hm{_X {M_Q>m bm`m h¡, {H$VZm

AÀN>m b‹S>H$m h¡Ÿ& BZ bmoJm| Ho$ {Ibm¡Zm| na H$m¡Z BÝh| XwAmE± XoJm? ~‹S>m|

H$s XwAmE± grYo Aëbmh Ho$ Xa~ma _| nhþ±MVr h¢ Am¡a VwaÝV gwZr OmVr

h¢Ÿ& _oao nmg n¡go Zht Vmo Š`mŸ& _¢ Jar~ ghr, {H$gr go Hw$N> _m±JZo Vmo

Zht OmVmŸ&

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

110

CgZo XwH$mZXma go nyN>m, ""`h {M_Q>m {H$VZo H$m h¡ ?''

""N>h n¡go bJ|JoŸ&''

hm{_X H$m {Xb ~¡R> J`mŸ& {\$a ^r ~mobm, ""R>rH$-R>rH$ ~VmAmoŸ&''

""R>rH$-R>rH$ nm±M n¡go bJ|JoŸ& boZm hmo Vmo bmo, Zht Vmo MbVo ~ZmoŸ&''

hm{_X Zo H$boOm _µO~yV H$aHo$ H$hmŸ, ""VrZ n¡go bmoJo?'' Am¡a

H$hH$a dh AmJo ~‹T> J`m {H$ XwH$mZXma H$s Kw‹S>{H$`m± Z gwZZr n‹‹S>|Ÿ&

bo{H$Z XwH$mZXma Zo Kw‹S>{H$`m± Zht XtŸ& ~wbmH$a {M_Q>m Xo {X`mŸ& hm{_X Zo

Cgo Bg Vah H§$Yo na aIm, _mZmo ~§XyH$ h¡Ÿ& {\$a emZ go AH$‹S>Vm hþAm

gm{W`m| Ho$ nmg Am`mŸ&

_moh{gZ Zo h±gH$a H$hm, ""`h {M_Q>m Š`m| bm`m ~wX²Yy? BgH$m

Š`m H$aoJm?''

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

111

hm{_X Zo {M_Q>o H$mo µO_rZ na nQ>H$ H$a H$hm, ""µOam AnZm {^íVr

Vmo µO_rZ na {JamAmoŸ& gmar ng{b`m± Mya-Mya hmo OmE± ~ÀMy H$sŸ&''

_h_yX ~mobm, ""Vmo `h {M_Q>m H$moB© {Ibm¡Zm h¡ ?''

hm{_X, ""{Ibm¡Zm Š`m| Zht h¡ ? A^r H§$Yo na aIm, ~§XyH$ hmo JB©Ÿ&

hmW _| bo {b`m, µ\$H$sam| H$m {M_Q>m hmo J`mŸ& Mmhÿ± Vmo Bggo _§Orao H$m

H$m_ bo gH$Vm hÿ±Ÿ& EH$ {M_Q>m O_m Xy± Vmo Vw_ bmoJm| Ho$ gmao {Ibm¡Zm|

H$s OmZ {ZH$b OmEŸ& Vwåhmao {Ibm¡Zo {H$VZm hr µOmoa bJmE±, _oao {M_Q>o

H$m ~mb ^r ~m±H$m Zht H$a gH$VoŸ& ~hmXwa eoa h¡ - _oam {M_Q>mŸ&''

gå_r Zo I§Oar br Wr& à^m{dV hmoH$a ~mobm, ""_oar I§Oar go

~XbmoJo? Xmo AmZo H$s h¡Ÿ&''

hm{_X Zo I§Oar H$s Amoa Cnojm go XoImŸ& ~mobm, ""_oam {M_Q>m Mmho

Vmo Vwåhmar I§Oar H$m noQ> \$m‹S> S>mboŸ& ~g, EH$ M_‹S>o H$s {Pëbr bJm

Xr, T>~-T>~ ~mobZo bJrŸ& µOam-gm nmZr bJ OmE Vmo V_ hmo OmEŸ& _oam

~hmXwa {M_Q>m AmJ _|, nmZr _|, Am±Yr _|, Vyµ\$mZ _| ~am~a S>Q>m ahoJmŸ&''

{M_Q>o Zo g^r H$mo _mo{hV H$a {b`m, bo{H$Z A~ n¡go {H$gHo$ nmg

Yao h¢Ÿ& {\$a _obo go Xya {ZH$b AmE h¢, Yyn VoµO hmo ahr h¡Ÿ& Ka nhþ±MZo

H$s OëXr h¡Ÿ& hm{_X h¡ ~‹S>m MmbmH$Ÿ& Bgr{bE CgZo AnZo n¡go ~Mm

aIo WoŸ&

Am¡am| Zo VrZ-VrZ, Mma-Mma AmZo n¡go IM© {H$E, na H$moB© H$m_

H$s MrµO Z bo gHo$Ÿ& hm{_X Zo VrZ n¡go _| a§J O_m {b`mŸ& gM hr Vmo

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

112

h¡, {Ibm¡Zm| H$m Š`m ^amogm ? Qy>Q>-\y$Q> OmE±JoŸ& hm{_X H$m {M_Q>m Vmo

~Zm ahoJm ~agm|Ÿ&

_moh{gZ Zo H$hm, ""µOam AnZm {M_Q>m Xmo, h_ ^r XoI|Ÿ& Vw_ h_mam

{^íVr boH$a XoImoŸ&''

_h_yX Am¡a Zyao Zo ^r AnZo-AnZo {Ibm¡Zo noe {H$EŸ&

hm{_X H$mo BZ eVm] H$mo _mZZo _| H$moB© Amn{Îm Z WrŸ& {M_Q>m ~mar-

~mar go g~Ho$ hmW _| J`m Am¡a CZHo$ {Ibm¡Zo ~mar-~mar go hm{_X Ho$

hmW _| AmEŸ& {H$VZo Iy~gyaV {Ibm¡Zo Wo !

amñVo _| _h_yX H$mo ^yI bJrŸ& CgHo$ ~mn Zo Ho$bo ImZo H$mo {XEŸ&

_h_yX Zo Ho$db hm{_X H$mo AnZm gmWr ~Zm`mŸ& CgHo$ AÝ` {_Ì _w±h

VmH$Vo ah JEŸ& `h Cg {M_Q>o H$m à^md WmŸ&

½`mah ~Oo gmao Jm±d _| hbMb _M JB©Ÿ& _obodmbo bm¡Q> AmEŸ& _moh{gZ

H$s N>moQ>r ~{hZ Zo Xm¡‹S>H$a {^íVr CgHo$ hmW go N>rZ {b`m Am¡a _mao

Iwer Ho$ CN>br Vmo {_`m± {^íVr ZrMo Am aho Am¡a gwabmoH$ {gYma JEŸ&

{_`m± Zyao Ho$ dH$sb H$m AÝV Bggo µµÁ`mXm Jm¡ad_` hþAmŸ& dH$sb

µO_rZ na `m VmH$ na Vmo ~¡R> Zht gH$VoŸ& CZH$s _`m©Xm H$m {dMma Vmo

H$aZm hr hmoJmŸ& Xrdma _| Xmo Iy±{Q>`m± Jm‹S>r JBªŸ& CZ na H$mJµO H$m EH$

H$mbrZ [~N>m`m J`mŸ& dH$sb gmh~ amOm ^moO H$s ^m±{V qghmgZ na

{~amOoŸ& AXmbVm| _| Ig H$s Q>{Q²>Q>>`m± Am¡a {~Obr Ho$ n§Io ahVo h¢Ÿ& Š`m

`hm± _m_ybr n§Im ^r Z hmo ? ~m±g H$m n§Im Am`m Am¡a Zyao hdm H$aZo

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

113

bJmŸ& _mby_ Zht, n§Io H$s hdm go `m n§Io H$s MmoQ> go dH$sb gmh~

ñdJ©bmoH$ go _¥Ë`wbmoH$ _| Am aho Am¡a CZH$m _mQ>r H$m Mmobm _mQ>r _|

{_b J`mŸ& {\$a ~‹S>o µOmoa-µOmoa go _mV_ hþAm Am¡a dH$sb gmh~ H$s

ApñW`m± Kyao na S>mb Xr JBªŸ&

A~ {_`m± hm{_X H$m hmb gw{ZEŸ& A_rZm CgH$s AmdmµO gwZVo hr

Xm¡‹S>r Am¡a Cgo JmoX _| CR>mH$a ß`ma H$aZo bJrŸ& ghgm CgHo$ hmW _|

{M_Q>m XoIH$a dh Mm¢H$sŸ& ~mobr, ""`h {M_Q>m H$hm± go bm`m?''

""_¢Zo _mob {b`m h¡Ÿ&''

""H¡$ n¡go _| ?''

""VrZ n¡go {XEŸ&''

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

114

A_rZm Zo N>mVr nrQ> brŸ& `h H¡$gm ~og_P b‹S>H$m h¡ {H$ Xmonha

hþB©, Z Hw$N> Im`m, Z {n`mŸ& bm`m Š`m, {M_Q>m ! ""gmao _obo _| VwPo

Am¡a H$moB© MrµO Z {_br, Omo `h bmoho H$m {M_Q>m CR>m bm`mŸ&''

hm{_X Zo AnamYr ^md go H$hm, ""Vwåhmar A±Jw{b`m± Vdo go Ob

OmVr Wt, Bg{bE _¢Zo {M_Q>m {b`mŸ&''

~w{‹T>`m H$m H«$moY VwaÝV ñZoh _| ~Xb J`mŸ& ~ÀMo _| {H$VZm Ë`mJ,

{H$VZm gX²>^md Am¡a {H$VZm {ddoH$ h¡! Xygam| H$mo {Ibm¡Zo boVo Am¡a {_R>mB©

ImVo XoIH$a BgH$m _Z {H$VZm bbMm`m hmoJmŸ& BVZm µOãV Bggo hþAm

H¡$go? dhm± ^r Bgo AnZr ~w{‹T>`m XmXr H$s `mX ~Zr ahrŸ& A_rZm H$m

_Z JX²>JX²> hmo J`mŸ& dh amoZo bJrŸ& Xm_Z \¡$bmH$a hm{_X H$mo XwAmE± XoVr

OmVr Wr Am¡a CgH$s Am±Im| go Am±gy H$s ~‹S>r-~‹S>r ~y±Xo§ {JaVr OmVr WtŸ&

*****

H$hmZrH$ma H$m n[aM` - ào_MÝX

ào_MÝX H$m OÝ_ EH$ _| H$mer go Mma _rb Xya

b_hr Zm_H$ Jm±d _| 31 OwbmB© 1880 H$mo hþAm

WmŸ& gmV gmb H$s AdñWm _| CZH$s _mVm H$m Am¡a

Mm¡Xh df© H$s AdñWm _| {nVm H$m Xohm§V hmo J`mŸ&

Bggo CZHo$ {ga na H${R>ZmB`m| H$m nhm‹S> Qy>Q> n‹S>mŸ&

Q²>`yeZ H$a-H$aHo$ CÝhm|Zo _¡{Q´>H$ nmg {H$`mŸ& Zm¡H$ar

H$aVo hþE CÝhm|Zo ñZmVH$ narjm nmg H$sŸ& ào_MÝX Zo Jm§YrOr go àoaUm

J«hU H$a AnZo gm{hË` _| ^maVr` J«m_rU OrdZ H$m gw§Xa {MÌU {H$`m

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

115

h¡Ÿ& AmnH$mo "CnÝ`mg-g_«mQ>' H$hm OmVm h¡Ÿ& AmnZo godmgXZ, J~Z,

{Z_©bm, H$_© y{_, JmoXmZ Am{X CnÝ`mg {bIo h¢Ÿ& AmnH$s gånyU© H$hm{Z`m|

H$mo "_mZgamoda'erf©H$ go AmR> ^mJm| _| g§H${bV {H$`m J`m h¡Ÿ&

eãXmW© :

a_µOmZ - Bgbm_r df© H$m Zm¡dm± _hrZm, amoµOm - Cndmg, a_µOmZ Ho$ _hrZo ^a _wgb_mZ gy`m}X` go gy`m©ñV VH$ Z Hw$N> ImVo, Z EH$ ~y±X nmZr nrVo h¢; Hw$~oa - YZ Ho$ XodVm, {ZJmo‹S>r - A^m{JZ, {ZH$å_r; H$mog - VrZ {H$._r.go A{YH$ Xyar H$m EH$ Zmn, dµOy - Z_mµO go nhbo hmW-nm±d YmoZm, {gOXm - Z_mµO AXm H$aVo g_` µO_rZ na _mWm Q>oH$Zm, g_ñV - g^r, H$mof - OmZm, H$dm`X - H$X_ - Mmb, {Oah - gÀMmB© Om±MZo Ho$ {bE dH$sb X²dmam àíZ nyN>Zm, {~amXar - Om{V, g_mO, ^mB©-Mmam, n¥WH$ - AbJ, g~rb - dh ñWmZ Ohm± bmoJm| H$mo nmZr, e~©V Am{X {nbm`m OmE, aod{S>`m± - {Vb go ~Zr {_R>mB©, gwabmoH$ - ñdJ© bmoH$, _mV_ - emoH$, {ddoH$ - ^bo-~wao H$mo Om±MZo

H$s e{ŠV, µOãV - H$m~y, amoH$, {Z`§ÌU; Xm_Z - Am±MbŸ&

Aä`mg

I. _m¡{IH$ -

1) amoµOo H$~ aIo OmVo h¢ ?

2) hm{_X Ho$ nm±d _| Š`m Zht h¡ ?

3) A_rZm Ho$ ~Qw>E _| {H$VZo n¡go Wo ?

4) _moh{gZ H$mo Š`m ng§X Am`m ?

5) g~rb _| Š`m-Š`m {_bVm h¡ ?

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

116

II. {ZåZ{b{IV àíZm| H$m CÎma EH$ dmŠ` _| {b{IE :

1) a_µOmZ _| {H$VZo amoµOo aIo OmVo h¢ ?

2) YZ Ho$ XodVm H$m¡Z h¢ ?

3) B©X Ho$ {XZ bmoJ H$hm± OmVo h¢ ?

4) hm{_X H$s XmXr H$m Zm_ Š`m Wm ?

5) hm{_X H¡$gm b‹S>H$m Wm ?

6) hm{_X H$s Oo~ _| {H$VZo n¡go Wo ?

7) {gOXo Ho$ g_` H¡$gm ^md àH$Q> hmoVm h¡ ?

8) hm{_X Zo Š`m IarXm ?

9) hm{_X Zo {M_Q>m {H$VZo n¡go _| IarXm Wm ?

10) A_rZm JX²>JX² hmoH$a hm{_X H$mo Š`m XoZo bJr ?

III. {ZåZ{b{IV àíZm| H$m CÎma VrZ-Mma dmŠ`m| _| Xr{OE :

1) B©X Ho$ à^mV H$m dU©Z nmR> Ho$ AmYma na H$s{OEŸ&

2) A_rZm H$m {Xb Š`m gmoMH$a XwIr h¡ ?

3) B©XJmh Ho$ Ñí` H$m dU©Z H$s{OEŸ&

4) hm{_X Ho$ gm{W`m| Zo H$m¡Z-H$m¡Z go {Ibm¡Zo IarXo ?

5) hm{_X Zo Š`m gmoMH$a {M_Q>m IarXmŸ?

6) hm{_X Ho$ JwUm| Ho$ ~mao _| ~VmBE &

IV. {ZåZ{b{IV dmŠ` {H$gZo, {H$ggo H$hm ?

1) ""_¢ g~go nhbo AmD±$JmŸ&''

2) ""_oar I§Oar go ~XbmoJo ? Xmo AmZo H$s h¡Ÿ&''

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

117

3) ""Vw_ h_mam {^íVr boH$a XoImoŸ&''

4) ""gmao _obo _| VwPo Am¡a H$moB© MrµO Z {_brŸ&''

V. {ZåZm§{H$V eãXm| Ho$ {h§Xr n`m©`dmMr eãX {b{IE :

1) amoµO 2) Iwe 3) B§VµOma 4) _µOm

5) {~amXar 6) amoµOm 7) B_maV 8) H$dm`X

9) IµOmZm 10) µO_rZ

VI. BZ dmŠ`m§em| Ho$ {bE EH$ eãX {b{IE :

1) Bgbm_r df© H$m Zm¡dm± _hrZm - ...........

2) YZ Ho$ XodVm - ...........

3) Z_mµO go nhbo hmW-nm±d YmoZm - ...........

4) VrZ {H$._r. go A{YH$ Xyar H$m EH$ Zmn - ...........

5) gÀMmB© Om±MZo Ho$ {bE dH$sb Ûmam àíZ nyN>Zm -

...........

6) ^bo-~wao H$mo Om±MZo H$s e{ŠV - ...........

7) Z_mµO Ho$ g_` µO_rZ na _mWm Q>oH$Zm - ...........

VII. AewÕ dmŠ`m| H$mo ewÕ H$s{OE :

CXmhaU : dh Zo H$m_ {H$`m - CgZo H$m_ {H$`mŸ&

1) _oao H$mo Vwåhmar gbmh Zht Mm{hEŸ&

2) _¢ AmO {dX²`mb` Zht OmZm h¡Ÿ&

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

118

3) _¢Zoo Vwåhmao H$mo g_Pm {X`mŸ&

4) h_H$mo Ka OmZm h¡Ÿ&

VIII. AÝ` dMZ ê$n {b{IE :

1) Ka 2) {hñgo 3) MrµO

4) {Ibm¡Zm 5) n§{ŠV 6) C§Jbr

7) XwAm 8) amo{Q>`m± 9) hmW 10) B_maV

IX. {dnarVmW©H$ eãX {b{IE :

1) {Zamem 2) Á`mXm 3) _µO~yV

4) àgÞ 5) S>a 6) ß`ma

7) Iwe 8) {ddoH$ 9) gwÝXa 10) {ZíM`

X. AÝ` qbJ ê$n {b{IE :

1) b‹S>H$m 2) Kmo‹S>m 3) ~y‹T>m 4) ~mn

5) D±$Q> 6) hmWr 7) XmXr

XI. CXmhaU Ho$ AZwgma àoaUmW©H$ {H«$`m ê$n {b{IE :

grIZm {gImZm {gIdmZm

nrZm ........... ...........

grZm ........... ...........

gmoZm gwwbmZm gwbdmZm

amoZm ........... ............

YmoZm ........... ............

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

119

XII. CXmhaU Ho$ AZwgma ~hþdMZ ~ZmBE :

g§{Y - g§{Y`m± {VVbr - {VV{b`m±

Om{V - ................ ZXr - ................

Á`mo{V - ................ ór - ................

G$Vw - G$VwE± dYy - dYwE±

YmVw - ................ ~hÿ - .................

^mfm - ~moY1. _whmdao -

(H$) Hw$~oa H$m IµOmZm - AË`{YH$ YZŸ&

(I) {Xb H$MmoQ>Zm - Xw…Ir hmoZmŸ&

(J) n¡am| _| na bJZm - VoµO Xm¡‹S>ZmŸ&

(K) Am±I CR>mH$a XoIZm - Ü`mZ XoZmŸ&

(M>) h¡µOo H$s ^|Q> hmoZm - h¡µOo H$s ~r_mar go _aZmŸ&

(N>) {Xb ~¡R> OmZm - CËgmh R>§‹S>m n‹S> OmZmŸ&

(O) ~mb ^r ~m±H$m Z H$aZm - Wmo‹S>r ^r hm{Z Z nhþ±MmZmŸ&

(P) a§J O_mZm - à^m{dV H$aZmŸ&

2. {ZåZ{b{IV _whmdam| H$m AW© {bIH$a dmŠ`m| _| à`moJ

H$s{OE :

1) {Xb H$MmoQ>Zm -

2) n¡am| _| na bJZm -

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

120

3) _w±h VmH$Vo ah OmZm -

4) {Xb ~¡R> OmZm -

5) ~mb ^r ~m±H$m Z hmoZm -

`mo½`Vm - {dñVma

* ào_MÝX Bg H$hmZr Ho$ _mÜ`_ go Š`m H$hZm MmhVo h¢ ? Cgo

g_{PE Am¡a Cg na {dMma H$s{OEŸ&

* '_mZgamoda' ^mJ - 1 go ào_M§X H$s AÝ` H$hm{Z`m± n{‹T>EŸ Am¡a

H$jm _| gwZmBE&

*****

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

121

nmR> - 15

`jJmZ

- g§H${bV

Ame` : {H$gr ñWmZ {deof _| ñWmZr` bmoJm| Ûmam {dH${gV H$bm bmoH$H$bm H$hbmVr h¡Ÿ& Bg nmR> _| H$Zm©Q>H$ H$s bmoH$H$bm, `jJmZ H$m n[aM` {X`m J`m h¡Ÿ& AnZo àXoe H$s bmoH$H$bmAm| H$m _hËd g_PH$a CÝh| ~ZmE aIZm Mm{hEŸ&

a{d Ho$ {nVm Zo O~ Cgo ~Vm`m {H$ Bg ~ma Xehao H$s Nw>{Q²>Q>`m|

_| h_ XmXmOr go {_bZo CZHo$ Jm±d Om aho h¢ Vmo a{d Iwer go Py_ CR>m

Š`m|{H$ O~ r dh _wå~B© H$s r‹S>^m‹S> go Xya AnZo XmXm Ho$ nmg H$Zm©Q>H$

Ho$ N>moQ>o-go Jm±d OmVm Wm, Cgo ~hþV AÀN>m bJVm WmŸ& {Og {XZ do

bmoJ Jm±d nhþ±Mo, dhm± Xehao H$m CËgd Mb ahm Wm Am¡a Bgr gÝX^©

_| dhm± amoµO Hw$N>-Z-Hw$N> gm§ñH¥${VH$ H$m`©H«$_ MbVo ahVo WoŸ& a{d Zo

XmXmOr go nyN>m {H$ AmO em_ H$m H$m`©H«$_ Š`m h¡ Vmo CÝhm|Zo ~Vm`m

{H$ AmO `jJmZ H$m àXe©Z hmoZodmbm h¡Ÿ& a{d Ho$ {nVm Zo ~Vm`m {H$

"Vwåhmao XmXmOr ^r `jJmZ Ho$ à{gÕ H$bmH$ma h¢Ÿ&' `h gwZH$a a{d

XmXmOr Ho$ nrN>o n‹S> J`m {H$ Cgo `jJmZ Ho$ ~mao _| ~VmE±Ÿ& `h gwZVo

hr XmXmOr _mZm| gnZm| _| Imo JEŸ&

XmXmOr ~mobo - "H$hm± go ewê$ H$ê±$, EH$ µO_mZm Wm O~ AmO O¡gr

gw{dYmE± Zht Wt, {\$a ^r h_ H$bmH$mam| _| H$bm Ho$ à{V Omo {Zð>m Am¡a

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

122

g_n©U H$s ^mdZm Wr Am¡a bmoJm| _| H$bm Ho$ à{V Omo ào_ Am¡a é{M

Wr, Cgr H$m n[aUm_ h¡ {H$

`jJmZ H$bm AmO ^r

Or{dV h¡Ÿ& amV^a `jJmZ

MbVm Wm Am¡a bmoJ AnZr

ZtX, ^ yI-ß`mg, g~

^ wbmH$a CgH$m AmZ §X

CR>mVo WoŸ& H$bmH$mam| H$mo Vmo

Am¡a ^r _ohZV H$aZr n‹S>Vr

Wr Š`m|{H$ CÝh| KÊQ>m| nhbo

go hr V¡`ma hmoZm n‹S>Vm WmŸ&

OmZVo hm o, Vw_ _§M na

H$bmH$ma H$mo XoImoJo Vmo

nhMmZ ^r Zht nmAmoJo {H$

dh H$m¡Z h¡ Š`m|{H$ g^r

H$bmH$ma AnZo Mohao H$mo

Jhao a§Jm| go gOm boVo h¢Ÿ& nwamZo µO_mZo _| Vmo nwéf hr ñÌr H$m nmÌ ^r

{Z^mVo Wo naÝVw H$moB© nhMmZ Zht nmVm WmŸ& a§J bJmZo _| hr CÝh|

VrZ-Mma KÊQ>o bJ OmVo h¢Ÿ& CZHo$ dñÌm^yfU ^r {~ëHw$b AbJ hmoVo

h¢Ÿ& {ga na _wHw$Q>, ~mhm| na ~¥hV²> ~mOy~§X, dj na H$dM, H$_a _|

H$aKZr, n¡am| _| K§wKê$ nhZVo h¢Ÿ& CZHo$ H$n‹S>o r CÝh| g~go {d{eï> ~ZmVo

h¢, Š`m|{H$ H$n‹S>o nhZZo go nhbo do AnZo eara na _moQ>o H$n‹S>o H$s Vh

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

123

(n¡S>) bJm boVo h¢ {OgH$s dOh go do gm_mÝ` bmoJm| go H$m\$s _moQ>o

{XImB© XoVo h¢Ÿ& CZHo$ H$n‹S>o Am¡a Am^yfU Jhao a§Jm| Ho$ Am¡a M_H$sbo

hmoVo h¢Ÿ& CZ_| a§JrZ H$m±M, nËWa, H$mJOm| Am{X H$m BñVo_mb hmoVm h¡,

{OZgo àH$me-namdV©Z hmoVm h¡, {OgH$s dOh go M_H$-X_H$ H$m\$s

~‹T> OmVr h¡Ÿ& gM_wM CgH$s gwÝXaVm ~hþV AmH${f©V H$aVr h¡,

H$hVo-H$hVo bJm _mZmo XmXmOr CZ Ñí`m| H$mo AnZo gm_Zo XoI aho hm|Ÿ&

`h gwZH$a a{d Ho$ _Z _| `jJmZ XoIZo H$s BÀN>m Am¡a ^r ~‹T> JB©Ÿ&

a{d `jJmZ Ho$ ~mao _| Am¡a ^r OmZH$mar nmZm MmhVm Wm {Oggo

dh _wå~B© OmH$a AnZo XmoñVm| H$mo ^r CgHo$ ~mao _| ~Vm gHo$Ÿ& CgZo

XmXmOr go nyN>m-XmXmOr jJmZ {g\©$ h_mao Jm±d _| hmoVm h¡ m H$ht Am¡a

^r? gwZVo hr XmXmOr ~mobo - "Aao Zht ~oQ>m, AmOH$b Vmo {dXoem| _|

^r `jJmZ _§S>{b`m± h¢ Am¡a H$m\$s bmoH${à` Am¡a à{gX²Y h¢Ÿ& H¡$ZoS>m,

`y.Eg.E, H¡${b\$mo{Z©`m Am{X OJhm| na ^r `jJmZ H$m àXe©Z {H$`m Om

ahm h¡Ÿ& d¡go Vmo nyao ^maV Ho$ bmoJ Bg H$bm go n[a{MV h¢ naÝVw {deof

ê$n go H$Zm©Q>H$ _| CSw>{n, CÎma-H$ÞS>, X{jU-H$ÞS>, {e_moJm Am{X _|,

Ho$ab Ho$ H$mgaJmoS> {Obo _|, Am§Y«àXoe _| Am¡a h_mar amOYmZr ~|Jbyé

_| `h H$m\$s bmoH${à` h¡Ÿ& BVZm hr Š`m| Hw$N> Xygar bmoH$H$bmE± ^r

Bggo {_bVr-OwbVr h¢, O¡go X{jU-H$Zm©Q>H$ H$s "_yS>bnm`m', CÎma

H$Zm©Q>H$ H$s XmoÈ>mQ>m, Mm_amOZJa {Obo H$m "KÅ>XH$moao' Am¡a Am§Y«àXoe

H$m "Ho${bHo$'Ÿ& `jJmZ Ho$ d¡go Xmo à{gÕ àH$ma _mZVo h¢ - "~S>Jw{VQ²>Qw>>'

Am¡a "V|Hw${VQ²>Qw>>'Ÿ&

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

124

a{d Zo XmXmOr H$mo ~rM _| amoH$Vo hþE nyN>m -"XmXmOr nhbo _wPo `h

Vmo ~VmBE {H$ H$bmH$ma _§M na H$aVo Š`m h¢ ? CZH$m àXe©Z H¡$gm hmoVm

h¡?' XmXmOr ~mobo -"~VmVm hÿ± ~oQ>mŸ& `jJmZ àg§J _| Á`mXmVa {hÝXÿ

nm¡am{UH$ H$WmAm| Ho$ àg§Jm| H$mo {b`m OmVm h¡ Am¡a CÝh| `jJmZ Ho$

g§JrV Ho$ amJ-Vmb _| g§OmoH$a àñVwV {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& jJmZ H$m g§JrV

H$m\$s àmMrZ _mZm OmVm h¡Ÿ& nmíd©g§JrV H$s ì`dñWm hmoVr h¡Ÿ& gyÌYma

JmH$a `m g§dmX ê$n _| ~mobH$a, H$Wm Am¡a nmÌm| H$m n[aM` XoVm h¡Ÿ&

VoO dmÚ M§S>o ~OVm h¡, hma_mo{Z`_ na YwZ ~OmB© OmVr h¡, H$bmH$ma

^r n§MYmVw go ~Zr N>moQ>r K§{Q>`m± `m "Vmbm' hmW _| boH$a ~OmVo h¢Ÿ&

h_ g~ AnZr A§Jw{b`m| H$s Zmn H$s K§{Q>`m± ~ZmH$a AnZo nmg aIVo

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

125

WoŸ& Bg àH$ma g§JrV, Z¥Ë` Am¡a amoMH$ H$WmAm| go Omo _mhm¡b ~ZVm

h¡, Cggo XoIZodmbm AnZo AmnH$mo nyar Vah ^yb OmVm h¡ Am¡a amV H$~

~rV OmVr h¡ nVm ^r Zht MbVmŸ& H$bmH$ma ^mdm| H$m àXe©Z Eogo H$aVo

h¢ {H$ Xe©H$ ^r CÎmo{OV hmoH$a ^mdwH$ hmo OmVo h¢Ÿ&'

a{d Zo nyN>m - "XmXmOr Š`m A~ r Amn A{^Z` H$aVo h¢?' XmXmOr

~mobo-"Zht ~oQ>m, A~ _wP_| BVZr VmH$V H$hm±? Am¡a hm± `jJmZ g_`

Ho$ gmW Wmo‹S>m ~Xbm ^r h¡Ÿ& Cg_| A~ nm¡am{UH$ H$WmAm| Ho$ gmW ZB©

H$WmAm| H$m ^r g_mdoe hþAm h¡Ÿ& dñÌm^yfU _| ^r Wmo‹S>o n[adV©Z hþE

h¢Ÿ& na BZ AmYw{ZH$VmAm| Ho$ gmW jJmZ Zo h_mar g§ñH¥${V H$mo ~MmH$a

^r aIm h¡Ÿ& Amem h¡ ^{dî` _| ^r `h H$bm h_mar g§ñH¥${V H$s Yamoha

H$mo g±^mbH$a aIoJrŸ&'

*****

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

126

eãXmW© :

{Zð>m - AmñWm, ^{ŠV; g_n©U - Ë`mJ, ~¥hV²> - ~‹S>m,

~mOw~§X - ~m±h na nhZm OmZo dmbm Am^yfU, àH$me-namdV©Z - àH$me

{H$aUm| H$m {H$gr gVh go Q>H$amH$a bm¡Q>Zm, nm¡am{UH$ - nwamU go gå~§{YV,

nmíd©g§JrV-nrN>o go ~Om`m OmZo dmbm g§JrV, gyÌYma-ZmQ>H$ H$s ì`dñWm

H$aZo VWm H$Wm Am¡a nmÌm| H$m n[aM` XoZodmbm, n§MYmVw - nm±M YmVwAm|

H$mo {_bmH$a ~ZmB© JB© YmVw, g_mdoe H$aZm - {_bmZm, Yamoha-g§n{ÎmŸ&

Aä`mg

I. _m¡{IH$ -

1) a{d Nw>{Q²>Q>`m| _| H$hm± OmZo dmbm Wm ?

2) a{d H$hm± ahVm Wm ?

3) Jm±d _| {H$gH$m CËgd Mb ahm Wm ?

4) {H$g H$bm H$m àXe©Z hmoZodmbm Wm ?

5) `jJmZ H$m àXe©Z {H$g g_` {H$`m OmVm h¡ ?

6) _§M na OmVo g_` H$bmH$ma Mohao na Š`m bJmVo h¢ ?

7) H$bmH$mam| Ho$ dñÌm^yfU H¡$go hmoVo h¢ ?

8) `jJmZ Ho$ Xmo à_wI àH$ma H$m¡Z-go h¢ ?

9) `jJmZ H$s H$Wm H$hm± go br OmVr h¡ ?

10) `jJmZ H$bm Š`m g±^mb H$a aIoJr ?

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

127

II. {b{IV -

A) {ZåZ{b{IV àíZm| Ho$ CÎma EH$ dmŠ` _| {b{IE :

1) XmXmOr Ho$ Jm±d _| Š`m Mb ahm Wm ?

2) H$bmH$mam| Ho$ _Z _| `jJmZ Ho$ à{V H¡$gr ^mdZm Wr ?

3) bmoJ `jJmZ H$m AmZ§X H¡$go CR>mVo Wo ?

4) H$bmH$mam| Ho$ dñÌm^yfUm| H$s M_H$ H¡$go ~‹T> OmVr Wr ?

5) `jJmZ Ho$ Xmo à_wI àH$ma H$m¡Z-go h¢ ?

6) gyÌYma Š`m H$aVm h¡ ?

7) Xe©H$ Š`m| ^mdwH$ hmo OmVo h¢ ?

8) AmYw{ZH$ H$mb _| `jJmZ _| Š`m n[adV©Z hþE h¢ ?

Am) Mma-nm±M dmŠ`m| _| CÎma {b{IE :

1) `jJmZ H$bm Ho$ AmO ^r Or{dV hmoZo H$m H$maU Š`m h¡ ?

2) `jJmZ H$bmH$mam| Ho$ dñÌm^yfUmo§ H$m n[aM` Xr{OEŸ&

3) `jJmZ H$bm H$hm±-H$hm± àM{bV h¡ ?

4) `jJmZ Ho$ g§JrV Am¡a dmX²``§Ìm| H$m n[aM` Xr{OEŸ&

B) {ZåZ{b{IV eãXm| H$m AnZo dmŠ`m| _| à`moJ H$s{OE :

1) {Zð>m 2) àXe©Z 3) {d{eï> 4) bmoH${à`

5) nm¡am{UH$ 6) g§ñH¥${V 7) Yamoha

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

128

III. ^mfm-~moY

1) Ü`mZ Xr{OE : gm§ñH¥${VH$ = g§ñH¥${V + BH$

g§ñH¥${V eãX _| "BH$' àË`` Omo‹S>H$a "gm§ñH¥${VH$' - {deofU eãX

H$m {Z_m©U {H$`m J`m h¡Ÿ& Bgr àH$ma {ZåZ{b{IV eãXm| go {deofU

eãX ~ZmBE :

1) B{Vhmg 2) Zr{V 3) doX 4) g_mO 5) ^yJmob

2) CXmhaU Ho$ AZwgma eãX {Z_m©U H$s{OE :

CXmhaU - Xoe - ñdXoe, Xoe^{ŠV

1) Xe©Z 2) {XZ 3) emñÌ 4) a§J

3) C{MV gd©Zm_ MwZH$a [aŠV ñWmZ ^[aE :

(Cggo, Vw_, _oao, h_, Hw$N>)

_¢ erbm go ~mV H$a ahr WrŸ& _¢Zo ........ H$hm ........ r ........

gmW ~mµOma MbmoŸ& XmoZm| {_bH$a ......... gm{‹S>`m± IarX|JoŸ& ........

^r AnZr _m± Ho$ {bE Hw$N> gm{‹S>`m± IarX boZmŸ&

4) {ZåZ{b{IV dmŠ`m| H$mo ewX²Y H$aHo$ {b{IE :

1) Xehao H$m CËgd Mb ahr WrŸ&

2) nwéf hr ñÌr H$m nmÌ {Z^mVr WrŸ&

3) g§JrV H$s àñVw{V hmoVm h¡Ÿ&

4) _m± AÀN>m ImZm nH$mVo h¢Ÿ&

5) b‹S>Ho$ _¡XmZ H$m MŠH$a bJm ahr WtŸ&

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

129

5) ghr Omo‹S>o ~ZmBE :

1) gm§ñH¥${VH$ - Ho${bHo$

2) nm¡am{UH$ - bmoH$H$bm

3) `jJmZ - H$m`©H«$_

4) Mm_amOZJa - H$Wm

5) AmÝY«àXoe - KQ²>Q>XH$moao

6) `h ^r Om{ZE :

^md `m AW© H$s Ñ{ï> go dmŠ` Ho$ {ZåZ{b{IV àH$ma hmoVo h¢ -

1) {dYmZmW©H$ - a_oe Ka OmVm h¡Ÿ&

2) {ZfoYmW©H$ - dh JmZm Zht JmVmŸ&

3) àíZmW©H$ - Vw_ H$hm± Om aho hmo ?

4) AmkmW©H$ - a_m Vw_ ~¡R> OmAmoŸ&

5) BÀN>mgyMH$ - ^JdmZ Vwåhmam ^bm H$ao&

6) g§XohmW©H$ - em`X dh gmo J`m hmoJmŸ&

7) {dñ_`mW©H$ - Aao ! Vw_ Am JEŸ&

8) g§Ho$VdmMH$ - `{X ~m[ae hmoVr Vmo _m¡g_ R>§S>m hmo OmVmŸ&

`mo½`Vm - {dñVma :* `jJmZ Ho$ ~mao _| A{YH$ OmZH$mar àmá H$s{OEŸ& Bggo

gå~§{YV {MÌm| H$m g§H$bZ H$aHo$ AnZo {dÚmb` Ho$ gyMZm nQ²Q>>> na bJmBEŸ&

* ^maV H$s AÝ` bmoH$H$bmAm| Ho$ ~mao _| OmZH$mar àmá H$s{OEŸAm¡a H$jm _| MMm© H$s{OE &

*****

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

130

nyaH$ dmMZ

{Xem kmZ

- àem§V ZXre

O¡go-O¡go AmR>dt H$jm H$s dm{f©H$ narjm Ho$ {XZ {ZH$Q> AmVo

Om aho Wo, AmbmoH$ H$s K~amhQ> ~‹T>Vr Om ahr Wr& Eogm Zht {H$ dh

Zmbm`H$ Wm Am¡a nyao gmb n‹T>m Zht Wm& bo-XoH$a {ÛVr` loUr _| Vmo

nmg hmo hr OmVm Wm& _Vb~ `h {H$ dh EH$ gm_mÝ` {dÚmWu Wm,

Omo Z Vmo n‹T>mB© _| ~hþV brZ ahVm Wm Am¡a Z hr n‹T>mB© H$s Cnojm

H$aVm Wm& _Ja h CgH$s ~hþV ~‹S>r H$_µOmoar Wr {H$ narjm Ho$ Zm_

go hr CgHo$ hmW-nm±d \y$b OmVo Wo&

Bg ~ma r hr hþAm& O¡go hr Cgo nVm bJm {H$ n[ajm _| {g\©$

Xg {XZ ah JE h¢, CgH$s ^yI-ß`mg Jw_ hmo JB©& K~amhQ> Ho$ _mao

CgH$s V¡`mar ^r R>rH$ go Zht hmo nm ahr Wr& EH$ AÜ`m` n‹T> H$a

dh AJbm AÜ`m` n‹T>Zm ewê$ H$aVm Vmo Cgo bJVm {H$ dh {nN>bm

AÜ`m` ^yb J`m h¡&

""Bg ~ma Vmo _¢ µOê$a \o$b hmo OmD±$Jm'' CgZo _Z _| gmoMm&

V^r ~mha ñHy$Q>a éH$Zo H$s AmdmµO gwZmB© Xr& `h g_P J`m {H$

{nVmOr Am°{\$g go bm¡Q> AmE h¢&

""H¡$gr V¡`mar Mb ahr h¡, AmbmoH$?'' {nVmOr Zo CgHo$ H$_ao

_| AmH$a nyN>m&

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

131

AmbmoH$ éAm±gm gm hmo J`m, ""Š`m ~VmD±$ S>¡S>r, Bg ~ma Vmo _oar

V¡`mar {~ëHw$b ^r Zht hmo nm ahr h¡& ~ma-~ma bJVm h¡ {H$ {nN>bm

`mX {H$`m g~ Hw$N> ^yb J`m hÿ± Am¡a Cgo {\$a XmohamZm n‹S>Vm h¡& Bg

MŠH$a _| _oam H$mog© ~hþV H$_ hmo nm`m h¡ Am¡a A~ gmV hr {XZ ah

JE h¡§& Bg ~ma Vmo _¢ µOê$a hr \o$b hmo OmD±$Jm&'' Am¡a dh bJ^J

amoZo H$mo hmo J`m&

{nVmOr Zo ñZoh go CgHo$ {ga na hmW \o$am, ""Zht ~oQ>o, Vw_

ZmhH$ K~amVo hmo& AÀN>m _¢ XoIy± Vwåh| {H$VZm `mX h¡&'' H$hH$a

CÝhmo§Zo CgH$s B{Vhmg H$s {H$Vm~ CR>mB© Am¡a Cggo Mma-nm±M àíZ

nyN>o& éH$-éH$ H$a hr ghr na CgZo g~Ho$ ghr Odm~ Xo {XE&

""dmh! Vwåh| Vmo g~ `mX h¡& {\$a Vw_ `h Š`y± g_PVo hmo {H$

Vwåh| Hw$N> `mX Zht? Agb _| Vw_ narjmAm| go ~hþV K~amE hþE

hmo& XoImo, K~amZo go Vmo H$m_ ~ZZodmbm Zht& `h ~mV Ü`mZ _| aImo

{H$ AJa Vw_ K~amAmoJo Zht, V^r g§Vw{bV _Z go n‹T> gH$moJo&'' Am¡a

{nVmOr H$_ao go ~mha {ZH$b JE&

""S>¡S>r R>rH$ H$hVo h¢&'' AmbmoH$ Zo gmoMm, ""A~ _¢ {~Zm K~amE

nTy>±Jm&'' {H$ÝVw Wmo‹S>r hr Xoa _| narjm H$s mX AmVo hr CgH$s K~am-

hQ>> {\$a ~‹T> JB©&

{nVmOr ^r OmZVo Wo {H$ Ho$db CnXoe Xo XoZo go AmbmoH$ H$s

K~amhQ> Xÿa hmoZodmbr Zht& dh Jå^raVm goo gmoMZo bJo {H$ AmbmoH$

H$s K~amhQ> Xÿa H¡$go H$s OmE&

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

132

V~ VH$ em_ H$s Mm` H$m g_` hmo J`m Wm, Bg{bE CÝhmo§Zo

AmbmoH$ H$mo r ~wbm {b`m& Mm` nrVo-nrVo {nVmOr Zo AmbmoH$ go H$hm,

""AÀN>m AmbmoH$, _¢ Vwåh| ~hþV nhbo H$m EH$ gÀMm {H$ñgm gwZmVm hÿ±:

EH$ b‹S>H$m Wm& V~ dh Vw_go Wmo‹S>m gm hr ~‹S>m ahm hmoJm `m{Z

{H$ H$moB© Mm¡Xh gmb H$m, Vmo EH$ XþK©Q>Zm _| CgHo$ {nVmOr JwµOa JE&

Ka _| ~r_ma _m± Wr Am¡a Xmo N>moQ>o ^mB© Wo& CZH$s H${R>ZmB© XoIH$a

[aíVoXmamo§ Zo r _w±h _mo‹S> {b`m& nyao Ka H$mo gå^mbZo H$s [Oå_oXmar Cg

N>moQ>o go ~ÀMo na Am JB©& na Cg b‹S>Ho$ Zo {hå_V Z hmar& dh Cg

g_` Zm¡dt H$jm _| n‹T> ahm Wm, {H$ÝVw CgZo n‹T>mB© N>mo‹S> Xr& {nVmOr

Ho$ H$moB© EH$-S>o‹T>> hµOma én`o ~Mo Wo& Cg g_` BVZo én`o ~hþV hmoVo

Wo& CZ én`m| go Cg {hå_Vr b‹S>Ho$ Zo {H$Vm~m| H$s N>moQ>r gr XþH$mZ

Imobr& Cµ\$.... _¢ Vwåh§o ~Vm Zht gH$Vm Š`m-Š`m Xþ…I Pobo Cg b‹S>Ho$

Zo& AI~ma ~m±Q>Zm, XþH$mZ MbmZm, Ka MbmZm, _m± H$m BbmO H$amZm,

N>moQ>o mB©`m| H$mo n‹T>mZm Am{X Z OmZo {H$VZo H$m_ ~oMmao H$mo Cg N>moQ>r

gr C_« _| H$aZo n‹S>o& qH$Vw Cg b‹S>Ho$ Zo {hå_V Z hmar& ewê$-ewê$ _|

Cgo XþH$mZ MbmZo _| KmQ>m hþAm - AZw^d Omo Zht Wm, qH$Vw Yrao-Yrao

AnZr _ohZV, bJZ Am¡a B©_mZXmar Ho$ ~b na CgZo XþH$mZ AÀN>r

Vah O_m br& IwX {µOÝXJr ^a Zht n‹T> nm`m {H$ÝVw, N>moQ>o ^mB©`m| H$mo

n‹T>m-{bIm H$a bm`H$ ~Zm`m &'' mdmdoe _| {nVmOr ~mobVo Mbo JE& {\$a

Wmo‹S>m éH$ H$a Jhar gm±g boH$a ~mobo, ""Am¡a OmZVo hmo dh b‹S>H$m H$m¡Z Wm?''

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

133

AmbmoH$ Mwn& {nVmOr Zo hr CÎma {X`m, ""do Vwåhmao g~go ~‹S>o

VmD$Or Omo Vwåhmao AmZo go nhbo JwµOa JE&'' {nVmOr Wmo‹S>m éHo$,

""AÀN>m AmbmoH$, EH$ ~mV ~VmAmo& AJa Vw_ ~‹S>o ^mB© gmh~ H$s

OJh hmoVo Vmo AnZr [Oå_oXmar go ~MZm MmhVo `m dhr H$aVo Omo

XmXmOr Zo {H$`m Wm&''

""Adí` dhr H$aVm Omo ~‹S>o VmD$Or Zo {H$`m Wm&''

{nVmOr H$m Moham H$R>moa hmo J`m& ""Zht& Vw_ d¡gm H$^r Zht

H$aVo,'' Wmo‹S>m Jwñgo go {nVmOr ~mobo, ""Vw_ OmZVo hmo Cg g_` ~‹S>o

^mB© gmh~ Ho$ {bE {H$VZr ~‹S>r narjm H$s K‹S>r Wr& Am¡a Vw_ Omo

BZ gmYmaU gr narjmAm| go K~amVo hmo, Cg narjm H$m gm_Zm H¡$go

H$a nmVo?''

AmbmoH$ gÞ ah J`m& {nVmOr Wmo‹S>m Za_ n‹S>o, ""XoImo AmbmoH$

narjm [g\©$ $n‹T>mB© _| hr Zht hmoVr ~pëH$ OrdZ Ho$ ha joÌ _| hmoVr

h¡& narjm go Vw_ H$^r ~M Zht gH$Vo& ha narjm _| BÝgmZ H$s

naI hmoVr h¡& narjm H$m {hå_V go gm_Zm H$aZodmbo hr narjm _|

Iao CVa nmVo h¢, narjm go K~amZodmbo Zht&''

AmbmoH$ Wmo‹S>r Xoa Mwn ahm& em`X {nVmOr H$s ~mVm| H$m AW©

g_PZo H$s H$mo{ee H$a ahm Wm& {\$a Wmo‹S>m gm _wñHw$amH$a ~mobm,

""Am¡a S>¡S>r, {hå_V Ho$ gmW V¡`mar ^r Vmo hmoZr Mm{hE&''

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

134

{nVmOr ^r h±g n‹S>o, ""hm± dmo Vmo R>rH$ h¡& `h ~VmAmo, Vw_ _oar

~mV g_P JE?''

""{~ëHw$b g_P J`m, S>¡S>r&'' I‹S>o hmoVo hþE _wñHw$amH$a AmbmoH$

~mobm , ""{dídmg a{IE A~ _¢ {~Zm K~mahQ> Ho$ n‹T>mB© H$ê±$Jm&''

AmË_{dídmgnyU© eãXm| _| CgZo H$hm&

Am¡a ñd`§ CgHo$ AmíM`© Ho$ {bE Cg ~ma dh àW_ loUr _|

CÎmrU© hþAm&

*****

BZ àíZm| H$m CÎma {b{IE :

1) AmbmoH$ Š`m| K~am`m hwAm Wm?

2) K~amhQ> Ho$ _mao AmbmoH$ H$s V¡`mar H¡$go Mb ahr Wr?

3) AmbmoH$ Ho$ {nVmOr Zo H$m¡Z-gr H$hmZr gwZmB©?

4) H$hmZr H$hZo Ho$ ~mX {nVmOr Zo AmbmoH$ go Š`m nyN>m?

5) Bg H$hmZr H$m g§Xoe Š`m h¡?

6) AmbmoH$ Zo AmË_{dídmg Ho$ gmW Š`m H$hm?

*****

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

135

nmR> - 16

dra

- am_Ymar qgh "{XZH$a'

Ame`: Omo dra hmoVo h¢, do {H$gr ^r n[apñW{V _| {dM{bV Zht hmoVo h¢Ÿ& h_| H$^r ^r YraO Z ImoH$a {dn{Îm`m| H$m gm_Zm H$aZm Mm{hEŸ&

gM h¡, {dn{Îm O~ AmVr h¡,

H$m`a H$mo hr XhbmVr h¡,

gya_m Zht {dM{bV hmoVo,

jU EH$ Zht YraO ImoVo,

{d¿Zm| H$mo Jbo bJmVo h¢,

H$m±Q>m| _| amh ~ZmVo h¢Ÿ&

_w±h go Z H$^r C\$²> H$hVo h¢,

g§H$Q> H$m MaU Z JhVo h¢,

Omo Am n‹S>Vm g~ ghVo h¢

CX²>`moJ-{ZaV {ZV ahVo h¢,

eybm| H$m _yb ZgmVo h¢,

~‹T> IwX {dn{Îm na N>mVo h¢Ÿ&

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

136

h¡ H$m¡Z {d¿Z Eogm OJ _|,

{Q>H$ gHo$ AmX_r Ho$ _J _|?

I_ R>m|H$ R>obVm h¡ O~ Za,

nd©V Ho$ OmVo nm±d CI‹S>,

_mZd O~ µOmoa bJmVm h¡,

nËWa nmZr ~Z OmVm h¡Ÿ&

JwU ~‹S>o EH$ go EH$ àIa

h¢ {N>no _mZdm| Ho$ ^rVa,

_oh§Xr _| O¡go bmbr hmo,

d{V©H$m-~rM C{O`mbr hmo,

~ËVr Omo Zht ObmVm h¡,

amoeZr Zht dh nmVm h¡Ÿ&

*****

H${d n[aM` - am_Ymar qgh "{XZH$a'

am_Ymar qgh "{XZH$a' Or H$m OÝ_ gZ²> 1908 _|

_w§Joa {Obo _| pñWV {g_{a`m Jm±d _| hþAmŸ& do AÜ`mnH$,

a{OñQ>ma, Hw$bn{V, g§gX gXñ` Am{X nXm| na {damO_mZ

ahoŸ& BZH$s H¥${V`m| _| Xoe^{ŠV, _mZdVm, draVm Am{X

^mdZmE± Hy$Q>-Hy$Q>H$a ^ar hþB© h¢Ÿ&

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

137

BZH$s aMZmE± h¢ - Hw$éjoÌ, Cd©er, aoUwH$m, hþ±H$ma, Zr_ Ho$ nÎmo,

agd§Vr, gyaO H$m ã`mh, grnr Am¡a e§I, ZrbHw$gw_ Am{XŸ& ""Cd©er''

Ho$ {bE CZH$mo kmZnrR> nwañH$ma àmá h¡Ÿ&

eãXmW© :

{dn{Îm - g§H$Q>, _wgr~V ; H$m`a - S>anmoH$, XhbmZm - S>amZm,

gya_m - ~hmXwa, {dM{bV - {ZíM` go hQ>Zm, C\$²> - WH$mdQ> H$mo

àH$Q> H$aZo H$m g§Ho$V, JhVo - nH$‹S>Vo, MaU- H$X_, {ZV - amoµO,

eyb - H$m±Q>m, ZgmVo - Zï> H$aVo, N>mZm - \¡$bZm, _J - amñVm, I_

R>m|H$Zm - bbH$maZm, R>obZm - T>Ho$bH$a AmJo ~‹T>Zm, àIa - VoO,

d{V©H$m - ~Îmr&

Aä`mg

I. _m¡{IH$ -

1) {dn{Îm AmZo na H$m`a Š`m H$aVo h¢ ?

2) gya_m Š`m Zht ImoVo?

3) dra amh H$hm± ~ZmVo h¢ ?

4) nËWa Š`m ~Z OmVm h¡ ?

5) amoeZr H$m¡Z nmVm h¡ ?

II. {ZåZ{b{IV àíZm| Ho$ CÎma EH$ dmŠ` _| {b{IE :

1) {dn{Îm _| H$m`a Am¡a gya_m Š`m H$aVo h¢ ?

2) dra {H$go Jbo bJmVo h¢ ?

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

138

3) _mZd Ho$ µOmoa bJmZo na Š`m hmoVm h¡ ?

4) ~ËVr _| Š`m {N>nm hmoVm h¡ ?

III. VrZ-Mma dmŠ`m| _| CÎma {b{IE :

1) ~hmXwa {H$g Vah AmJo ~‹T>Vo h¢ ?

2) dra AmX_r AnZo _mJ© _| Š`m H$aVo h¢ ?

3) _mZd _| JwU {H$g Vah {N>no hmoVo h¢ ?

IV. {ZåZ{b{IV H${dVm§e H$s ny{V© H$s{OE :

_w±h go ....................

..........................

..........................

................. ahVo h¢Ÿ&

V. H${dVm§e H$m ^mdmW© {b{IE :

h¡ H$m¡Z {d¿Z Eogm OJ _|,

{Q>H$ gHo$ AmX_r Ho$ _J _| ?

I_ R>m|H$ R>obVm h¡ O~ Za,

nd©V Ho$ OmVo nm±d CI‹S>,

_mZd O~ µOmoa bJmVm h¡,

nËWa nmZr ~Z OmVm h¡Ÿ&

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

139

`mo½`Vm - {dñVma :

* {XZH$a Or H$s H$moB© Xygar H${dVm H§$R>ñW H$s{OEŸ&

* draVm go g§~§{YV AÝ` H${dVmE± n{‹T>E Am¡a H$jm _|

gwZmBEŸ&

*****

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

140

nmR> - 17

~¡bJm‹S>r

- ~oT>~ ~Zmagr

Ame` : "~¡bJm‹S>r' EH$ gwÝXa aoIm{MÌ h¡Ÿ& AmO _mZd Vrd« go

Vrd«Va dmhZ H$s ImoO _| bJm hþAm h¡, {H$ÝVw BZ Vrd«Jm_r dmhZm| _| dh

AmZÝX Zht, Omo ~¡bJm‹S>r _| h¡Ÿ& ~¡bJm‹S>r AmO naånam Am¡a {ZY©ZVm H$m

àVrH$ ~Z JB© h¡Ÿ&

_¢ Vmo ~mamV ~hþV hr H$_ H$aVm hÿ±Ÿ& Bg{bE Zht {H$ ^moOZ H$m

H$ï> hmoVm {H$ÝVw Bg{bE ^r {H$ AnZo {ddmh H$s ñ_¥{V OmJ«V hmo OmVr

h¡ Am¡a {\$a EH$ ~ma `m¡dZ Ho$ gnZo H$m Am^mg hmoZo bJVm h¡ Am¡a

{\$a Or MmhVm h¡ {H$ erfm©gZ H$aHo$, Am¡a H$m`mH$ën H$aHo$ `wdH$ ~Z

OmD±$Ÿ& {H$ÝVw Bg ~ma Vmo ~oVah \±$gm, Nw>Q²>Q>r ^r Wr, ~r_ma ^r Zht Wm,

Jm‹S>r Ho$ g_` go nhbo EH$ AmX_r _oao Ka nhþ±M J`mŸ& _mZmo _¢ H$ht

^mJ OmZodmbm hÿ±, nham n‹S> ahm h¡Ÿ&

ñQ>oeZ nhþ±MmŸ& g~Ho$ gm_mZ Ho$ gmW _oam ^r gm_mZ aI {X`m

J`mŸ& EH$ Vrgao XOo© H$m ~‹S>m {S>ã~m bmoJm| Zo [aµOd© H$am aIm WmŸ& h_

bmoJ Mmbrg AmX_r Ho$ bJ^J WoŸ& ~‹S>o Amam_ go g~ bmoJ ~¡R> J`oŸ&

Jm‹S>r Mbr, Jm‹‹S>©© gmh~ H$mo nm±M én`o H$m ZmoQ> {H$gr Zo {X`mŸ& CÝhm|Zo

_wñH$amH$a nyN>m, ""H$moB© H$ï> Vmo Zht h¡'' Am¡a Mbo J`oŸ&

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

141

Xmo ~Oo {XZ H$mo Jm‹S>r ñQ>oeZ nhþ±MrŸ& dhm± CVaH$a bmoJm| Zo Ob-nmZ

{H$`mŸ& dhm± go AmR> _rb OmZm Wm Ohm± {ddmh hmoZodmbm WmŸ Am¡a OmZo

Ho$ {bE Ho$db VrZ àH$ma H$s gdm[a`m± Wt ; hmWr, Kmo‹S>m Am¡a ~¡bJm‹S>rŸ&

Bg Jm±d _| nyU© ñdamÁ` Wm, Bg{bE _moQ>a H$ma Am¡a ~g H$m Vmo H$hZm

hr Š`m, EŠH$m ^r Zht {_bVm WmŸ& ñQ>oeZ Ho$ {ZH$Q> EH$ EŠH$mdmbm

Wm {H$ÝVw CgH$s Kmo‹S>r H$m ~ÀMm hmoZodmbm Wm Bg{bE CgH$m EŠH$m ^r

~oH$ma WmŸ& _wPgo nyN>m J`m, Amn H¡$go Mb|JoŸ& AmR> _rb H$moB© A{YH$

Zht Wm, _¢ n¡Xb ^r Om gH$Vm Wm {H$ÝVw _¢Zo ~¡bJm‹S>r hr ngÝX H$sŸ&

hmWr na gdma hmoZo H$m \$b _¢ EH$ ~ma nm MwH$m WmŸ& Kmo‹S>m dram| H$s

gdmar Adí` h¡ {H$ÝVw gm{hË`H$mam| H$s ZhtŸ& nhbo `wJ H$s ~mV Zht

OmZVm {H$ÝVw _¢Zo àgmX Or H$mo, {Zambm Or H$mo, _¡{WbreaU Jwá Or

H$mo H$^r Kmo‹S>o na gdma Zht XoImŸ&

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

142

_oar gw{dYm Ho$ {bE Jm‹S>r _| JX²>Xm Am¡a MX²>Xa {~N>m {X o J o {Og_|

_¢ boQ> gHy±$Ÿ& Am¡a gM_wM _¢ boQ> J`mŸ& EH$ Am¡a gÁOZ _oao gmW WoŸ& do

AmO_J‹T> _| _w»Vmar H$aVo WoŸ& Jm‹S>rdmZ Zo ~¡b OmoVo Am¡a Jm‹S>r MbrŸ&

AmH$me _| ~Xbr WrŸ& gmdZ H$m _hrZm WmŸ& hdm _ÝX-_ÝX Mb ahr

WrŸ& Jm‹S>r A{YH$ _ÝX Wr {H$ hdm, H$h Zht gH$VmŸ& Jm‹S>r Ho$ ~¡b go

Jm‹S>rdmZ ~mV H$aVm OmVm WmŸ& Eogm OmZ n‹S>Vm Wm {H$ ~¡b r Jm‹S>rdmZ

H$s ~mVm| H$mo g_PVo h¢Ÿ&

d¡{XH$ H$mb _| bmoJ Jm‹S>r na MbVo Wo {H$ Zht, H$h Zht gH$Vm

{H$ÝVw _wPo Eogm OmZ n‹S>m {H$ AmO bmoJ A^r-A^r n§Om~ go wŠVàmÝV

H$s Amoa ~‹T>o h¢ Am¡a _¢ ^r CÝht _| go EH$ hÿ±Ÿ& ~¡bJm‹S>r na Mb ahm hÿ±Ÿ&

{H$gr Eogo ñWmZ H$s ImoO _| Ohm± ahH$a Pm§on‹S>r ~Zm gHy±$Ÿ& XmoZm| Amoa

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

143

YmZ Ho$ IoV bhbhm aho Wo Am¡a CZHo$ Mmam| Amoa g_wÐ Ho$ g_mZ Ob

\¡$bm hþAm WmŸ& g‹S>H$ na bå~r-bå~r Jhar brH$ \¡$br hþB© Wr _mZmo

Oam-OO©[aV {H$gr d¥Õ H$m _ñVH$ h¡Ÿ& Yyb go O~ n{h`m T>H$ OmVm

Wm V~ H$ht H$sM‹S> go nyU© g‹S>H$ {_b OmVr Wr Am¡a n{h`o na Xmo-Xmo

B§M {_Q²>Q>r H$m bon hmo OmVm WmŸ& AmJo Ohm± g‹S>H$ gyIr hmoVr dhm± {_Q²>Q>r

\¡$b OmVrŸ& Bg àH$ma Jm‹S>r _wPrH$mo Zht bo Om ahr Wr {_Å>r ^r T>mo

ahr WrŸ& VoµO MbZodmbr gdm[a`m| _| ~‹S>m ^mar XwJw©U h¡ {H$ CZ_| Hw$N>

J«hU H$aZo H$s j_Vm Zht hmoVrŸ& _Z-J{V H$m `h JwU h¡Ÿ& {dMmam| Ho$

{dñVma Ho$ {bE Vmo ~¡bJm‹S>r H$s gdmar ~hþV hr Cn`wŠV h¡Ÿ& {dMmam|

H$s l¥§Ibm Qy>Q>Zo Zht nmVrŸ& gmoMVo OmBEŸ& `h S>a Vmo Zht h¡ {H$ A^r

ñQ>oeZ Am OmEJmŸ& {\$a nmZ, ~r‹S>r, {gJaoQ> H$s {MëbmhQ> go AmnH$m

gnZm ^§J Zht hmo gH$VmŸ& Amn Yrao-Yrao gmoMVo M{bE, D$na AZÝV

AmH$me h¡ Omo AmnHo$ {dMmam| H$mo ^r AZÝV ~Zm XoJmŸ& _¢Zo Omo O¡gm

D$na H$hm h¡ d¡{XH$ `wJ _| AnZo H$mo nm`mŸ& Am¡a AmZÝX! aob Ho$ {S>ã~o

_| bmoJm| H$s Im±gr Ho$ H$sQ>mUw, YwE± Mmho dh gm¢\$s ~r‹‹S>r Ho$ hm| `m 555

{gJaoQ> Ho$ hm| `m hdmZm {gJma Ho$ hm|, Mmam| Amoa \¡$bVo h¢Ÿ& CZgo Hw$N>

H$mb Ho$ {bE ajm hmo JB© Am¡a ndZ H$s CXmaVm H$m Hw$N> Am^mg hmoZo

bJmŸ& Yyb r C‹S>Vr WrŸ& {H$§Vw dh Yyb gy`© H$s {H$aUm| go "nmñMwamBµµÁS>'

H$s hþB© WrŸ& Cg_| {H$gr ~r_mar Ho$ H$sQ>mUw hmoZo H$s Ame§H$m Zht WrŸ&

Kmo‹S>o Am¡a hmWr {ZH$b J`oŸ& _oar ~¡bJm‹S>r Am¡a ~¡bJm{‹S>`m| go ^r gwñV

WrŸ& Jm‹S>rdmZ Zo Xg-n§Ðh ~ma gwaVr \$m±H$s, Bggo CgH$s gwfwåZm Zm‹S>r

_| Hw$N> empÝV H$m àgma hmoZo bJm Am¡a dh Cg Jm±d H$s H$ÀMr g‹S>H$

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

144

N>mo‹S>H$a gnZo Ho$ g§gma _| {dMaZo bJmŸ& ~¡b AmkmH$mar WoŸ& do EH$ _{V

go EH$ J{V go g‹S>H$ Ho$ ~rM n[adma Ho$ ~moP Ho$ g_mZ Jm‹S>r ItMVo

Mbo Om aho WoŸ& h_ bmoJ AmYr Xya AmE WoŸ& AmH$me _oKmÀN>Þ hmo J`m

Am¡a O~ Jm‹S>rdmZ H$s _w±‹S>r hþB© Imon‹S>r na Q>n go Xmo-VrZ ~‹S>r-~‹S>r

~y±X| n‹S>t V~ dh gMoV hþAmŸ& _¢ K~am`mŸ& N>mVm _oao nmg Wm Zht, Z _oao

gmWr Ho$ nmgŸ& Eogm OmZ n‹S>m {H$ BÝÐ ^JdmZ _wPo ñZmZ H$amZo na Vwbo

h¢Ÿ& _¢ CR> ~¡R>mŸ& Xya EH$ Am_ H$s ~m‹S>r WrŸ& Jm‹S>rdmZ go H$hm, dht go

Mbmo, Hw$N> Vmo ajm hmo hr OmEJrŸ& _¢ hr hÿ± {H$ AmOH$b gÝÜ`m-gdoao

nmZr H$s H$b Ho$ ZrMo go CR>Zo H$m _Z Zht H$aVm Am¡a Bg g_` nmZr

go K~am ahm hÿ±Ÿ& {d{Y H$m ^r {d{MÌ {dYmZ h¡Ÿ& {H$ÝVw Jm‹S>rdmZ Ho$

Mohao na K~amhQ> H$s EH$ r aoIm {XImB© Zht Xr& dh Vmo _hmË_mOr H$m

àVrH$ OmZ n‹S>mŸ& O¡go dh ^maV H$s Jm‹S>r K~amhQ> Ho$ {~Zm Yrao-Yrao

ItMVo Mbo Om aho Wo; Cgr ^m±{V `h ^rŸ& CÝh| ^r g~ ~mVm| _| EH$

JwU {XImB© XoVmŸ& Jm‹S>rdmZ ~mobm, ""K~amBE Zht ~m~y gmh~! `h nmZr

Š`m h¡, ~‹S>m-~‹S>m nËWa ^r Hw$N> Zht H$a gH$VmŸ&'' Am¡a CgZo PQ>Ho$

go Jm‹S>r Ho$ ZrMo go {gaH$s H$s Xmo N>V| {ZH$mbH$a Jm‹S>r Ho$ D$na ~m±Y

XrŸ& `h nrbm N>ßna Eogm OmZ n‹S>m {H$ gwdU© H$m N>Ì {H$grZo _oao D$na

bJm {X`m h¡Ÿ& nmZr µOmoam| go Am`mŸ& gM_wM AÝXa nmZr Zht Am ahm

WmŸ& H$^r-H$^r EH$mEH$ ZÝhr ~y±X Am OmVr Wr Ho$db ñ_aU H$amZo Ho$

{bE {H$ _oK _hmamO H$m emgZH$mb g_má Zht hmo J`m h¡Ÿ& Zht Vmo

D$na nmZr {JaVm Wm Am¡a {\$gb OmVm Wm& h_mao gmWr _hmoX` Vmo gmo

J`oŸ& Eogm OmZ n‹S>m {H$ BÝhm|Zo A\$s_ H$m BÝOoŠeZ {b`m h¡Ÿ& ~¡bmo§ H$m

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

145

eara Va hmo ahm WmŸ& do ~oMmao g§Vmof Am¡a empÝV H$s à{V_m ~Zo Yrao-

Yrao Mbo Om aho WoŸ& H$^r-H$^r JX©Z {hbm XoVo Wo Am¡a Ob Ho$ Hw$N>

H$U BYa-CYa {Ja n‹S>Vo WoŸ& O¡go ~‹S>o-~‹S>o H§$Oyg ^r ñdJ© _| AnZm

ñWmZ gwa{jV H$amZo Ho$ {bE H$^r-H$^r Hw$N> XmZ Xo {X`m H$aVo h¢Ÿ& aob

VoµO hmoVr h¡ Bg{bE ~rM-~rM _| éH$Zm n‹S>Vm h¡Ÿ& ~¡bJm‹S>r H$s J{V

Eogr hmoVr h¡ {H$ éH$Zo H$s Amdí`H$Vm ZhtŸ& gmoM ahm Wm {H$ J{V go

MbZm Am¡a ~rM _| éH$Zm R>rH$ h¡ `m Yrao-Yrao EH$ a§J go MbZm R>rH$

h¡Ÿ& Š`m {ZU©` H$aVm, {H$g ~mV H$m {ZU©` g§gma _| AmO VH$ hþAm

h¡Ÿ& `h ^r Vmo bmoJ {ZíM` ê$n go H$h Zht gHo$ {H$ B©ída h¡ {H$ ZhtŸ&

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

146

AJa H$ht ~¡bJm‹S>r bÝXZ H$s g‹S>H$m| na Mbo Vmo Š`m hmoJmŸ& Ohm±

EH$ go EH$ J{VdmZ²> gdm[a`m± MbVr h¢Ÿ& `h ^maV hr h¡ {H$ _moQ>a H$s

~Jb _| ~¡bJm‹S>r r MbVr h¡ R>rH$ d¡go {~‹S>bm| Am¡a qghm{Z`m| H$s ZmH$

Ho$ ZrMo ApñW-n§Oa dmbo _mZd ^r gm±g boVo Mbo Om aho h¢Ÿ& `hr EH$

Xoe h¡ Ohm± ~rgdt eVr _| ^r Xgdt eVr {XImB© XoVr h¡Ÿ&

*****

boIH$ n[aM` - ~oT>~ ~Zmagr

lr ~oT>~ ~Zmagr H$m OÝ_ EH$ gwg§ñH¥$V n[adma _| hþAm WmŸ&

AmnH$m A{YH$m§e OrdZ ~Zmag _| hr ~rVmŸ& AmnZo H${dVm, H$hmZr,

ZmQ>H$, aoIm{MÌ Am{X {dYmAm| na AnZr H$b_ MbmB© h¡Ÿ& "~oT>>~ H$s

~hH$', "H$mì`-H$_b', "~Zmagr-EŠH$m', "Jm±Yr H$m yV Am¡a Q>ZmQ>Z',

"A{^ZoVm' Am{X AmnHo$ J«§W h¢Ÿ& AmnH$s g^r aMZmE± hmñ`àYmZ h¢ Am¡a

CZ_| g_gm_{`H$ {d‹S>>å~ZmAmo§ H$s VrIr {Q>ßnUr {_bVr h¡Ÿ&

eãXmW© :

H$m`mH$ën - eara gå~ÝYr {M{H$Ëgm, [aµOd© - Ama{jV, _w»Vmar - à{V{Z{YËd (H$mZyZr gbmhH$ma), `wŠVàmÝV - Xmo amÁ`m| H$m Omo‹S>, brH$ - {H$gr ~mV na AQ>b hmoZm, bH$sa, (_`m©Xm ~§YmZm); l¥§Ibm - gm±H$b, Am^mg - PbH$, (H$m§{V); gwaVr - Vå~mHy$ (I¡Zr), _oKmÀN>>Þ - ~mXbm| go N>m`m hþAm, ~m‹S>r - ~JrMm, {d{Y - ^m½` ({dYmZ),

{gaH$s - gaH§$S>m (~m±g H$s nVbr Zbr), Va hmoZm - ^rJZm (AmЩ,

Z_), ApñW-n§Oa - H§$H$mb, eVr - gm¡ df©Ÿ&

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

147

Aä`mg

I. _m¡{IH$ -

1) Jm‹S>r ñQ>oeZ H$~ nhþ±Mr ?

2) EŠH$m ~oH$ma Š`m| Wm ?

3) AmO_J‹T> _| gÁOZ Š`m H$aVo Wo?

4) Jm‹S>rdmZ Š`m ~mobm ?

II. {b{IV -

A) BZ àíZm| Ho$ CÎma {b{IE :

1) bmoJm| Zo H$m¡Z-gm {S>ã~m [aµOd© H$adm`m Wm ?

2) gdm[a`m± {H$VZr àH$ma H$s Am¡a H$m¡Z-gr Wt ?

3) boIH$ Zo {H$Z-{H$Z H$mo Kmo‹S>o na gdma Zht XoIm ?

4) Kmo‹S>m {H$ZH$s gdmar h¡ Am¡a {H$ZH$s Zht ?

5) VoµO MbZodmbr gdm[a`m| _| H$m¡Z-gm XwJw©U h¡ ?

6) boIH$ Zo aob Ho$ {S>ã~o H$m dU©Z H¡$go {H$`m h¡ ?

7) H§$Oyg ñdJ© _| AnZm ñWmZ gwa{jV H$amZo Ho$ {bE Š`m

H$aVo h¢ ?

8) ~rgdt eVr _| ^r Xgdt eVr H$hm± {XImB© XoVr h¡ ?

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

148

Am) [aŠV ñWmZm| _| `mo½` eãXm| H$s ny{V© H$s{OE :

1) Kmo‹S>m ........... H$s gdmar Adí` h¡, {H$ÝVw .........

H$s ZhtŸ&

2) Eogm OmZ n‹S>Vm Wm {H$ ~¡b ^r .......... H$s ~mVm| H$mo

g_PVo h¢Ÿ&

3) Jm‹S>rdmZ Zo Xg-nÝÐh ~ma ............ \±$mH$sŸ&

4) {d{Y H$m ^r .............. {dYmZ h¡Ÿ&

III. ^mfm ~moY 1) nmR> _| AmE nwZé{ŠVdmbo Mma eãXm| go dmŠ` ~ZmBE :

O¡go - Yrao - Yrao

~¡bJm‹S>r Yrao-Yrao Mb ahr Wr Ÿ&

2) "a' H$s _mÌmAm| H$m à`moJ H$aVo hþE VrZ-VrZ eãX

{b{IE :

O¡go - ( © ) Y_©, ( ´>) amï´> ( «$) Ðì`

(1) ........... ........... ...........

(2) ........... ........... ...........

(3) ........... ........... ...........

3) BZ eãXm| H$s dV©Zr ewX²>Y ê$n _| {b{IE :

1) `y»V àm§W 2) _oJmMN>Z 3) gm§Vr

4) ApñV-n§Pa 5) XwKwU©

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

149

4) {ZåZ{b{IV eãXm| H$m g§pY - {dÀN>oX H$a g§{Y H$m

Zm_ {b{IE :

1) gÁOZ 2) XwJw©U 3) _oKmÀN>Þ

4) g§Vmof 5) {ZíM`

5) nmR> _| AmE {dam_ {Mh²Zm| Ho$ Zm_ Om{ZE :

1) nyU© {dam_ - & 2) Aën{dam_ - ,

3) {dñ_`~moYH$-! 4) àíZdmMH$ - ?

5) {ZX}eH$ - 6) `moOH$ - ____

7) CX²>YaU {Mh²Z> - "" '' 8) {ddaU {Mh²>Z - :-

9) H$moð>H$ - ( ) 10) bmKd {Mh²>Z - 0

6) BH$, BV, B©, Vm, dmZ Am{X àË``dmbo eãX nmR> _|

go N>m±Q>H$a {b{IEŸ&

7) _¢, _wPo, _oam Am{X gd©Zm_m| H$m à`moJ ì`{ŠV AnZo

{bE H$aVm h¡Ÿ& `o CÎm_ nwéfdmMH$ gd©Zm_ h¢Ÿ& "_¢'

eãX Ho$ g^r H$maH$s` ê$n {b[IEŸ&

8) 1) AmH$me _| Vmao {Q>_{Q>_mVo h¢Ÿ&

2) ~m[ae H$s ~y±X| YaVr na Q>nH$Vr h¢Ÿ&

3) gy`© Am¡a MÝÐ_m g_` na C{XV hmoVo h¢Ÿ&

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

150

BZ dmŠ`m| _| AmE aoIm§{H$V nX AH$_©H$ {H«$`mE± h¢Ÿ& `hm± {H«$`m Ho$

ì`mnma H$m \$b H$Vm© na n‹S> ahm h¡Ÿ& Bg{bE `hm± AH$_©H$ {H«$`m h¡Ÿ&

Mb, CR>, amo, ZmM, Xm¡‹S> Am{X AH$_©H$ {H«$`mAm| H$m à`moJ H$a

dmŠ` ~ZmBEŸ&

`mo½`Vm - {dñVma :

* ~¡bJm‹S>r Ed_²> Kmo‹S>mJm‹S>r H$s VwbZm H$s{OEŸ&

* AmYw{ZH$ dmhZm| Ho$ {MÌ BH$Q²>R>m H$a EH$ MmQ>© ~ZmBEŸ&

* "~o‹T>~ ~Zmagr' Or H$s AÝ` aMZmE± n{‹T>EŸ&

*****

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

151

nmR> - 18

Eogo - Eogo

- {dîUw à^mH$a

Ame` : AmOH$b Ho$ N>mÌ Nw>Q²>Q>r _| _m¡O-_ñVr H$aVo hþE g_` ì`VrV

H$aZm MmhVo h¢Ÿ& ~hmZm ~ZmVo hþE g_` na J¥hH$m`© Zht H$aVoŸ& àñVwV

EH$m§H$s _| BgH$m dU©Z {H$`m J`m h¡Ÿ& `h EH$m§H$s g_` H$m gXwn`moJ H$aVo hþE H$m_ H$aZo H$s àoaUm XoVm h¡Ÿ&

nmÌ - n[aM`

_mohZ : EH$ {dX²`mWu

XrZmZmW : EH$ n‹S>mogr

_m± : _mohZ H$s _m±

{nVm : _mohZ Ho$ {nVm

_mñQ>a : _mohZ Ho$ _mñQ>a Or

d¡X²` Or, S>m°ŠQ>a VWm EH$ n‹S>mo{gZ

(g‹S>H$ Ho$ {H$Zmao EH$ gw§Xa âb¡Q> _¢ ~¡R>H$ H$m Ñí`Ÿ& CgH$m EH$ XadmµOm

g‹S>H$dmbo ~am_Xo _| IwbVm h¡, Xygam A§Xa Ho$ H$_ao _|, Vrgam agmoB©Ka

_|Ÿ& Ab_m[a`m| _| nwñVH|$ bJr h¢Ÿ& EH$ Amoa ao{S>`mo H$m goQ> h¡Ÿ& Xmo Amoa

Xmo N>moQ>o V»V h¢, {OZ na JbrMo {~N>o h¢Ÿ& ~rM _| Hw$a{g`m± h¢Ÿ& EH$

N>moQ>r _oµO ^r h¡Ÿ& Cg na µ\$moZ aIm h¡Ÿ& naXm CR>Zo na _mohZ EH$ V»V

na boQ>m h¡Ÿ& AmR>-Zm¡ df© Ho$ bJ^J C_« hmoJr CgH$sŸ& Vrgar Šbmg _|

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

152

n‹T>Vm h¡Ÿ& Bg g_` ~‹S>m ~oM¡Z OmZ n‹S>Vm h¡Ÿ& ~ma-~ma noQ> H$mo nH$‹S>Vm

h¡Ÿ& CgHo$ _mVm-{nVm nmg ~¡R>o h¢Ÿ&)

_m± : (nwMH$maH$a) Z-Z, Eogo _V H$a! A^r R>rH$ hþAm OmVm h¡Ÿ&

A^r S>m°ŠQ>a H$mo ~wbm`m h¡Ÿ& bo, V~ VH$ g|H$ boŸ& (MmXa

hQ>mH$a noQ> na ~moVb aIVr h¡Ÿ& {\$a _mohZ Ho$ {nVm H$s Amoa

_w‹S>Vr h¡Ÿ&) BgZo H$ht Hw$N> A§Q>-e§Q> Vmo Zht Im {b`m?

{nVm : H$hm±? Hw$N> r ZhtŸ& {gµ\©$ EH$ Ho$bm Am¡a EH$ g§Vam Im`m

WmŸ& Aao, `h Vmo XµµâVa go MbZo VH$ Hy$XVm {\$a ahm WmŸ&

~g AÈ>o na AmH$a `H$m`H$ ~mobm-{nVmOr, _oao noQ> _| Vmo

Hw$N> "Eogo-Eogo' hmo ahm h¡Ÿ&

_m± : H¡$go?

{nVm : ~g "Eogo-Eogo' H$aVm ahmŸ& _¢Zo H$hm - Aao, J‹S>J‹S> hmoVr

h¡? Vmo ~mobm - ZhtŸ& {\$a nyN>m - MmHy$-gm Mw^Vm h¡? Vmo

Odm~ {X`m- ZhtŸ& Jmobm - gm \y$Q>Vm h¡ ? Vmo ~mobm -

ZhtŸ& Omo nyN>m CgH$m Odm~ - ZhtŸ& ~g EH$ hr aQ> bJmVm

ahm Hw$N> "Eogo-Eogo' hmoVm h¡Ÿ&

_m± : (h±gH$a) h±gr H$s h±gr, XwI H$m XwI, `h "Eogo-Eogo' Š`m

hmoVm h¡ ? H$moB© Z`r ~r_mar Vmo Zht? ~oMmao H$m _w±h H¡$go

CVa J`m h¡! hdmB`m± C‹S> ahr h¢Ÿ&

{nVm : AOr, EH$X_ gµ\o$X n‹S> J`m WmŸ& I‹S>m Zht ahm J`mŸ& ~g _|

^r ZmMVm ahm - _oao noQ> _| "Eogo-Eogo' hmoVm h¡Ÿ& "Eogo-Eogo'

hmoVm h¡Ÿ&

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

153

_mohZ : (µOmoa go H$amhH$a) _m±! Amo _m±!

_m± : Z-Z _oao ~oQ>o, _oao bmb, Eogo Zht& AOr, µOam XoIZm, S>m°ŠQ>a

Š`m| Zht Am`m! Bgo Vmo Hw$N> µµÁ`mXm hr VH$brµ\$ OmZ n‹S>Vr

h¡Ÿ& `h "Eogo-Eogo' Vmo H$moB© ~‹S>r Iam~ ~r_mar h¡Ÿ& XoImo

Z, H¡$go bmoQ> ahm h¡! µOam ^r H$b Zht n‹S>VrŸ& htJ, MyaZ,

{nna_|Q> - g~ Xo MwH$s hÿ±Ÿ& d¡X²` Or Am OmVo!

(V^r µ\$moZ H$s K§Q>r ~OVr h¡Ÿ& _mohZ Ho$ {nVm CR>mVo h¢Ÿ&)

{nVm : `h 43332 h¡Ÿ& Or, Or hm±Ÿ& ~mob ahm hÿ±... H$m¡Z? S>m°ŠQ>a

gmh~! Or hm±, _mohZ Ho$ noQ> _| XX© h¡.... Or Zht, Im`m Vmo

Hw$N> Zht... ~g `hr H$h ahm h¡... ~g Or... Zht, {Jam

^r Zht.... "Eogo-Eogo' hmoVm h¡Ÿ& ~g Or, "Eogo-Eogo' hmoVm

h¡Ÿ& ~g Or, "Eogo-Eogo!' Š`m ~bm h¡, Hw$N> g_P _| Zht

AmVmŸ& Or... Or hm±! Moham EH$X_ gµ\o$X hmo ahm h¡Ÿ& ZmMm...

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

154

ZmMVm {\$aVm h¡... Or Zht, XñV Vmo Zht Am`m... Or hm±,

noem~ Vmo Am`m Wm... Or Zht, a§J Vmo Zht XoImŸ& Amn H$h|

Vmo A~ XoI b|Jo... AÀN>m OrŸ& µOam OëXr AmBEŸ& AÀN>m

Or, ~‹S>r H¥$nm h¡Ÿ& (µ\$moZ H$m Mm|Jm aI XoVo h¢Ÿ&) S>m°ŠQ>a gmh~

Mb {XE h¢Ÿ& nm±M {_ZQ> _| Am OmVo h¢Ÿ&

(n‹S>mog Ho$ bmbm XrZmZmW H$m àdoeŸ& _mohZ µOmoa go H$amhVm h¡Ÿ&)

_mohZ : _m±.... _m±... Amo....Amo... (CbQ>r AmVr h¡Ÿ& CR>H$a ZrMo PwH$Vm h¡Ÿ& _m± {ga nH$‹S>Vr h¡Ÿ& _mohZ VrZ-Mma ~ma "Amo-Amo' H$aVm h¡Ÿ& WyH$Vm h¡, {\$a boQ> OmVm h¡Ÿ&) hm`, hm`!

_m± : (H$_a ghbmVr hþB©) Š`m hmo J`m? Xmonha H$mo ^bm-M§Jm J`m WmŸ& Hw$N> g_P _| Zht AmVm! H¡$gm n‹S>m h¡! Zht Vmo _mohZ ^bm H$~ n‹S>Zo dmbm h¡! ha dŠV Ka H$mo {ga na

CR>mE ahVm h¡Ÿ&

XrZmZmW : AOr, Ka Š`m, n‹S>mog H$mo ^r JwbµOma {H$E ahVm h¡Ÿ& Bgo

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

155

N>o‹S>, Cgo nN>m‹S>, BgHo$ _wŠH$m, CgHo$ Wßn‹S>Ÿ& hm±-dhm±, ha

H$ht _mohZ hr _mohZŸ&

{nVm : ~‹S>m ZQ>IQ> h¡Ÿ&

_m± : na A~ Vmo ~oMmam H¡$gm WH$ J`m h¡! _wPo Vmo S>a h¡ {H$ H$b

ñHy$b H¡$go OmEJm!

XrZmZmW : Or hm±, Hw$N> ~‹S>r VH$brµ\$ h¡, V^r Vmo n‹S>mŸ& _m_ybr VH$brµ\$

H$mo Vmo `h Hw$N> g_PVm ZhtŸ& na H$moB© S>a ZhtŸ& _¢ d¡X²`

Or go H$h Am`m hÿ±Ÿ& do Am hr aho h¢Ÿ& R>rH$ H$a X|JoŸ&

_mohZ : (VoµOr go H$amhH$a) Aao.... ao-ao-ao.... Amoh!

_m± : (K~amH$a) Š`m h¡, ~oQ>m? Š`m hþAm?

_mohZ : (éAm±gm-gm) ~‹S>o µOmoa go Eogo-Eogo hmoVm h¡Ÿ& Eogo-EogoŸ&

_m± : Eogo H¡$go, ~oQ>o? Eogo Š`m hmoVm h¡?

_mohZ : Eogo-EogoŸ& (noQ> X~mVm h¡Ÿ&)

(d¡X²` Or H$m àdoe)

d¡X²` Or : H$hm± h¡ _mohZ? _¢Zo H$hm, O` am_ Or H$s! H$hmo ~oQ>m,

IobZo go Or ^a J`m Š`m? H$moB© Y_m-Mm¡H$‹S>r H$aZo H$mo

Zht ~Mr h¡ Š`m?

(g~ CR>H$a hmW Omo‹S>Vo h¢Ÿ& d¡X²` Or _mohZ Ho$ nmg Hw$agr

na ~¡R>> OmVo h¢Ÿ&)

{nVm : d¡X²` Or, em_ VH$ R>rH$ WmŸ& XµµâVa go MbVo dŠV amñVo _|

EH$X_ ~mobm - _oao noQ> _| XX© hmoVm h¡Ÿ& "Eogo-Eogo' hmoVm h¡Ÿ&

g_P Zht AmVm, `h H¡$gm XX© h¡!

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

156

d¡X²` Or : A^r ~Vm XoVm hÿ±Ÿ& Agb _| ~ÀMm h¡Ÿ& g_Pm Zht nmVm h¡Ÿ&

(Zm‹S>r X~mH$a) dmV H$m àH$mon h¡... _¢Zo H$hm, ~oQ>m, Or^ Vmo

{XImAmoŸ& (_mohZ Or^ {ZH$mbVm h¡Ÿ&) H$ãµO h¡Ÿ& noQ> gmµ\$ Zht

hþAmŸ& (noQ> Q>Q>mobH$a) hÿ±, noQ> gmµ\$ Zht h¡Ÿ& _b éH$ OmZo go

dm w ~‹T> JB© h¡Ÿ& Š`m| ~oQ>m? (hmW H$s C±J{b`m| H$mo \¡$bmH$a

{\$a {gH$mo‹S>Vo h¢Ÿ&) Eogo-Eogo hmoVm h¡ ?

_mohZ : (H$amhH$a) Or hm±.... Amoh!

d¡X² Or : (hf© go CN>bH$a) _¢Zo H$hm Z, _¢ g_P J`mŸ& A^r nw{‹S> m

oOVm hÿ±Ÿ& _m_ybr ~mV h¡, na `hr _m_ybr ~mV H$^r-H$^r

~‹S>m|-~‹S>m| H$mo N>H$m XoVr h¡Ÿ& g_PZo H$s ~mV h¡Ÿ& _¢Zo H$hm,

AmAmo Or, XrZmZmW Or, Amn hr nw{‹S> m bo bmoŸ& (_mohZ H$s _m±

go) AmYo-AmYo K§Q>o ~mX Ja_ nmZr go XoZr h¡Ÿ& Xmo-VrZ XñV

hm|JoŸ& ~g {\$a "Eogo-Eogo' Eogo mJoJm O¡go JYo Ho$ {ga go gtJ!

(d¡X² Or Ûma H$s Amoa ~‹T>Vo h¢Ÿ& _mohZ Ho$ {nVm nm±M H$m ZmoQ>

{ZH$mbVo h¢Ÿ&)

{nVm : d¡X² Or, `h AmnH$s |Q>Ÿ& (ZmoQ> XoVo h¢Ÿ&)

d¡X² Or : (ZmoQ> boVo hþE) Aao _¢Zo H$hm, Amn `h Š`m H$aVo h¢? Amn

Am¡a h_ Š`m Xmo h¢?

(A§Xa Ho$ XadmµOo go OmVo h¢Ÿ& V^r S>m°ŠQ>a àdoe H$aVo h¢Ÿ&)

S>m°ŠQ>a : h¡bmo _mohZ! Š`m ~mV h¡? "Eogo-Eogo' Š`m H$a {b`m? (_m± Am¡a {nVmOr {\$a CR>Vo h¢Ÿ& _mohZ H$amhVm h¡Ÿ& S>m°ŠQ>a nmg

~¡R>Vo h¢Ÿ&)

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

157

{nVm : S>m°ŠQ>a gmh~, Hw$N> g_P _| Zht AmVmŸ&

S>m°ŠQ>a : (noQ> X~mZo bJVo h¢Ÿ&) A^r XoIVm hÿ±Ÿ& Or^ Vmo {XImAmo

~oQ>mŸ& (_mohZ Or^ {ZH$mbVm h¡Ÿ&) hÿ±, Vmo {_ñQ>a, AmnHo$ noQ>

_| H¡$go hmoVm h¡? Eogo-Eogo? (_mohZ ~mobVm Zht, H$amhVm

h¡Ÿ&)

_m± : ~VmAmo, ~oQ>m! S>m°ŠQ>a gmh~ H$mo g_Pm XmoŸ&

_mohZ : Or...Or... Eogo-EogoŸ& Hw$N> Eogo-Eogo hmoVm h¡Ÿ& (hmW go ~VmVm

h¡Ÿ& C±J{b`m± tMVm h¡Ÿ&) S>m°ŠQ>a, V~r`V Vmo ~‹S>r Iam~ h¡Ÿ&

S>m°ŠQ>a : (ghgm J§^ra hmoH$a) dh Vmo _¢ XoI ahm hÿ±Ÿ& Moham ~VmVm

h¡, Bgo H$mµ\$s XX© h¡Ÿ& Agb _| H$B© Vah Ho$ XX© Mb n‹S>o

h¢Ÿ& H$m¡{bH$ noZ Vmo h¡ ZhtŸ& Am¡a \$mo‹S>m r Zht OmZ n‹S>VmŸ&

(~am~a noQ> Q>Q>mobVm ahVm h¡Ÿ&)

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

158

_m± : (H$m±nH$a) \$mo‹S>m!

S>m°ŠQ>a : Or Zht, dh Zht h¡Ÿ& {~ëHw$b Zht h¡Ÿ& (_mohZ go) µOam _w±h

{\$a ImobZmŸ& Or^ {ZH$mbmoŸ& (_mohZ Or^ {ZH$mbVm h¡Ÿ&)

hm±, H$ãµO hr bJVm h¡Ÿ& Hw$N> ~XhµO_r ^r h¡Ÿ& (CR>Vo hþE)

H$moB© ~mV ZhtŸ& Xdm ^oOVm hÿ±Ÿ& ({nVm go) Š`m| Z Amn hr

Mb|! _oam {dMma h¡ {H$ EH$ hr IwamH$ nrZo Ho$ ~mX V~r`V

R>rH$ hmo OmEJrŸ& H$^r-H$^r hdm éH$ OmVr h¡ Am¡a \§$Xm

S>mb boVr h¡Ÿ& ~g CgrH$s E|R>Z h¡Ÿ&

(S>m°ŠQ>a OmVo h¢Ÿ& _mohZ Ho$ {nVm Xg H$m ZmoQ> {bE nrN>o-

nrN>o OmVo h¢ Am¡a S>m°ŠQ>a gmh~ H$mo XoVo h¢Ÿ&)

_m± : g|H$ Vmo Xy±, S>m°ŠQ>a gmh~?

S>m°ŠQ>a : (Xya go) hm±, Ja_ nmZr H$s ~moVb go g|H$ Xr{OEŸ&

(S>m°ŠQ>a OmVo h¢Ÿ& _m± ~moVb CR>mVr h¡Ÿ& n‹S>mo{gZ AmVr h¡Ÿ&)

n‹S>mo{gZ : Š`m| _mohZ H$s _m±, H¡$gm h¡ _mohZ ?

_m± : AmAmo Or, am_y H$s H$mH$s! H¡$gm Š`m hmoVm! bmoMm-bmoMm

{\$ao h¡Ÿ& OmZo dh "Eogo-Eogo' XX© Š`m h¡, b‹S>Ho$ H$m ~wam

hmb H$a {X`mŸ&

n‹S>mo{gZ : Zm Or, BÎmr Z`r-Z`r ~r_m[a`m± {ZH$br h¢Ÿ& XoI boZm,

`h ^r H$moB© Z`m XX© hmoJmŸ& am_ _mar ~r_m[a`m| Zo V§J

H$a {X`mŸ& ZE-ZE ~wIma {ZH$b AmE h¢Ÿ& dh ~mV h¡ {H$

ImZm-nrZm Vmo ahm ZhtŸ&

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

159

_m± : S>m°ŠQ>a H$hVm h¡ {H$ ~XhµO_r h¡Ÿ& AmO Vmo amoQ>r ^r CZHo$

gmW ImH$a J`m WmŸ& dhm± ^r Hw$N> Zht Im`mŸ& AmOH$b

Vmo {~Zm ImE ~r_mar hmoVr h¡Ÿ& (~mha go AmdmµO AmVr

h¡ - "_mohZ! _mohZ'! {\$a _mñQ>a Or H$m àdoe hmoVm h¡Ÿ&)

_m± : Amoh, _mohZ Ho$ _mñQ>a Or h¢Ÿ& (nwH$maH$a) Am OmBE!

_mñQ>a : gwZm h¡ {H$ _mohZ Ho$ noQ> _| Hw$N> "Eogo-Eogo' hmo ahm h¡!

Š`m|, ^mB©? (nmg AmH$a) hm±, Moham Vmo Hw$N> CVam hþAm

h¡Ÿ& XmXm, H$b Vmo ñHy$b OmZm h¡Ÿ& Vwåhmao {~Zm Vmo Šbmg

_| am¡ZH$ hr Zht ahoJrŸ& Š`m| _mVmOr, AmnZo Š`m {Ibm

{X`m Wm Bgo?

_m± : Im`m Vmo ~oMmao Zo Hw$N> ZhtŸ&

_mñQ>a : V~ em`X Z ImZo H$m XX© h¡Ÿ& g_P J`m, Cgr _| "Eogo-Eogo'

hmoVm h¡Ÿ&

_m± : na _mñQ>a Or, d¡X²` Am¡a S>m°ŠQ>a Vmo XñV H$s Xdm ^oO|JoŸ&

_mñQ>a : AÀN>m, _mohZ Vwåhmam H$m_ Vmo nyam hmo J`m h¡ Z?

_mohZ : Or, g~ Zht hþAmŸ&

_mñQ>a : hÿ± ! em`X gdmb ah JE h¢Ÿ&

_mohZ : Or!

_mñQ>a : Vmo `h ~mV h¡Ÿ& "Eogo-Eogo' H$m_ Z H$aZo H$m S>a h¡Ÿ&

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

160

_m± : (Mm¢H$H$a) Š`m?

(_mohZ ghgm _w±h {N>nm boVm h¡Ÿ&)

_mñQ>a : (h±gH$a) Hw$N> Zht, _mVmOr, _mohZ Zo _hrZm a _m¡O H$sŸ&

ñHy$b H$m H$m_ ah J`mŸ& AmO I`mb Am`mŸ& ~g S>a

Ho$ _mao noQ> _| "Eogo-Eogo' hmoZo bJm - "Eogo-Eogo'! AÀN>m,

C{R>E gmh~! AmnHo$ "Eogo-Eogo' H$s Xdm _oao nmg h¡Ÿ& ñHy$b

go AmnH$mo Xmo {XZ H$s Nw>Q²>Q>r {_boJrŸ& Amn Cg_| H$m_ nyam

H$a|Jo Am¡a AmnH$m "Eogo-Eogo' Xya mJ OmEJmŸ& (_mohZ Cgr

Vah _w±h {N>nmE ahVm h¡Ÿ&) A~ CR>H$a gdmb ewê$ H$s{OEŸ&

C{R>E, ImZm {_boJmŸ&

(_mohZ CR>Vm h¡Ÿ& _m± R>Jr-gr XoIVr h¡Ÿ& Xygar Amoa go {nVm

Am¡a XrZmZmW Xdm boH$a àdoe H$aVo h¢Ÿ&)

_m± : Š`m| ao _mohZ, Voao noQ> _| Vmo ~hþV ~‹S>r Xm‹T>r h¡Ÿ& h_mar Vmo

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

161

OmZ {ZH$b JB©Ÿ& n§Ðh-~rg énE IM© hþE, gmo AbJŸ& ({nVm

go) XoIm Or AmnZo!

{nVm : (M{H$V hmoH$a) Š`m - Š`m hþAmŸ?

_m± : Š`m-Š`m hmoVm! `h "Eogo-Eogo' noQ> H$m XX© Zht h¡, ñHy$b

H$m H$m_ Z H$aZo H$m S>a h¡Ÿ&

{nVm : h|!

(Xdm H$s erer hmW go Ny>Q>H$a µ\$e© na {Ja n‹S>Vr h¡Ÿ& EH$

jU g~ R>Jo-go _mohZ H$mo XoIVo h¢Ÿ& {\$a h±g n‹S>Vo h¢Ÿ&)

XrZmZmW : dmh, _mohZ, dmh !

{nVm : dmh, ~oQ>m Or, dmh! Vw_Zo Vmo Iy~ N>H$m`m!

(EH$ AQ²>Q>hmg Ho$ ~mX naXm {Ja OmVm h¡Ÿ&)

*****

boIH$ n[aM` - {dîUw à^mH$a

{dîUw à^mH$a Or H$m OÝ_ 21 OyZ 1912

H$mo _wOâ\$aZJa (C.à) Ho$ EH$ Jm±d _| hþAmŸ&

CZH$m ~MnZ {hgma (h[a`mUm) _| JwOamŸ& dht

{ejm àmá H$a AmnZo àma§^ _| gaH$mar Zm¡H$ar

H$s, {Ogo N>mo‹S>Zo Ho$ ~mX AmnZo ñdV§Ì boIZ

H$mo AnZm`mŸ& do Hw$N> {XZ AmH$medmUr _|

A{YH$mar ^r ahoŸ& H$hmZr BZH$s {à` {dYm

h¡Ÿ& gZ²> 1939 _| BZH$m àW_ EH$m§H$s "h§g' _| àH$m{eV hþAmŸ& V~ go

`o bJ^J Mmbrg EH$m§H$s {bI MwHo$ h¢Ÿ& BZH$s aMZmAm| _| BZgmZ Am¡a

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

162

EH$m§H$s, Š`m dh Xmofr Wm, àH$me Am¡a naN>mB©, `o aoImE±, `o Xm`a|

CëboIZr` h¢Ÿ&

{dîUw Or _mZd H$s _mZ{gH$ àd¥{Îm`m| Ho$ Hw$eb AmbmoMH$ h¢Ÿ&

AmnHo$ EH$m§{H$`m| _| gm_m{OH$, gm§ñH¥${VH$, nm[adm[aH$, Am{W©H$,

Eo{Vhm{gH$ ^y{_H$m na à{V{ð>V _mZdr` M[aÌ H$m gyú_ Am¡a gmoX²>Xoí`

{MÌU h¡Ÿ& Amn na Jm±Yr OrdZ-Xe©Z H$m à^md h¡Ÿ&

eãXmW© :

A§Q>-e§Q> - _Z_mZr, H$b - Amam_, ~bm - H$ï>, JwbµOma -

Iwe, _wŠH$m - _wÆ>r go _maZm, Y_m - Mm¡H$‹S>r - CN>b - Hy$X, N>H$m

- naoemZ, H$m¡{bH$ - Mw^Zm, E|R>>Z - VZmdŸ&

Aä`mg

I. _m¡{IH$ -

1) _mohZ {H$g H$jm H$m N>mÌ h¡ ?

2) d¡X²` Or XdmB© _| Š`m XoVo h¢ ?

3) _mohZ H$mo {H$VZo {XZm| H$s Nw>Q²>Q>r {_br Wr ?

4) _mñQ>a Or _mohZ H$mo Am¡a {H$VZo {XZm| H$s Nw>Q²>Q>r XoVo h¢?

II. {b{IV -

A) EH$ dmŠ` _| CÎma {b{IE :

1) _mohZ Ho$ n‹S>mogr H$m Zm_ Š`m h¡ ?

2) XrZmZmW {H$go ~wbmVo h¢ ?

3) S>m°ŠQ>a gmh~ H$m¡Z-gm CnMma ~VmVo h¢ ?

4) _mñQ>a Or XX© H¡$go nhMmZVo h¢ ?

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

163

Am) VrZ-Mma dmŠ`m| _| CÎma {b{IE :

1) _m± _mohZ H$mo {H$g Vah g±^mbVr h¡ ?

2) d¡X²` Or {H$g Vah H$m CnMma H$aVo h¢ ?

3) _mohZ H$m noQ >XX© XoIH$a {nVmOr H¡$go naoemZ hþE ?

4) S>m°ŠQ>a H$s Š`m gbmh Wr ?

5) _mñQ>a Or Zo XX© H$mo H¡$go Xya {H$`m ?

6) "Eogo - Eogo' XX© Š`m| Wm ?

B) gÝX^© g{hV AW© ñnï> H$s{OE :

1) ""BgZo H$ht A§Q>-e§Q> Vmo Zht Im {b`m ?''

2) ""_¢Zo H$hm - Aao J‹S>J‹S> hmoVr h¡ ?''

3) ""`hm±-dhm±, ha H$ht _mohZ hr _mohZŸ&''

4) ""ñHy$b go AmnH$mo Xmo {XZ H$s Nw>Q²>Q>r {_boJrŸ&''

B©) [aŠV ñWmZm| H$s ny{V© H$s{OE :

1) XoImo Z H¡$go .............. ahm h¡Ÿ&

2) Xmonha H$mo .............. J`m WmŸ&

3) `hm±-dhm±, ha H$ht ............. hr _mohZŸ&

4) Voao noQ> _| Vmo ~hþV ............. h¡Ÿ&

C) Omo‹S>H$a {b{IE :

1) XrZmZmW - 1) am_y H$s H$mH$s

2) d¡X²` Or - 2) Ja_ nmZr H$s ~moVb

3) n‹S>mo{gZ - 3) Eogo - Eogo

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

164

K) S>m°ŠQ>a - 4) EH$ n‹S>mogr

L>) _mohZ - 5) nw{‹S>`m

III. ^mfm ~moY

Ü`mZ Xr{OE : Aën{dam_ (,), nyU© {dam_ (&), àíZdmMH$

(?), CX²>JmadmMH$ (!), CX²YaU {Mh²Z> ("" ''), `moOH$ (-),

AY©{dam_ (;) `o g^r {dam_ {Mh²>Z h¢Ÿ&

{ZåZ{b{IV dmŠ`m| _| C{MV {dam_ {Mh²Z bJmBE :

1) {nVmOr _oao noQ> _| Hw$N> Eogo-Eogo hmo ahm h¡

2) Hw$N> g_P _| Zht AmVm H¡$gm n‹S>m h¡

3) H$hm± h¡ _mohZ

4) ~mha go AmdmµO AmVr h¡ - _mohZ _mohZ

`mo½`Vm - {dñVma :

* {H$gr EH$ hmñ` KQ>Zm H$m dU©Z AnZo hr eãXm| _| H$s{OEŸ&

* Bg EH$m§H$s H$m _§MZ H$s{OEŸ&

*****

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

165

nmR> - 19

ahr_ Ho$ XmohoAme` : ahr_ Zo _w»`V… Zr{V VWm ^{ŠV Ho$ Xmohmo§ H$s aMZm H$s h¡Ÿ&

`o Xmoho OrdZ-_yë`, gm_m{OH$ ì`dhma VWm Z¡{VH$ {ejm àXmZ H$aVo h¢Ÿ&

1) Véda \$b Zht ImV h¡, gada {n`qh Z nmZŸ&

H${h> ahr_ na H$mO {hV, g§n{V g§M{h gwOmZŸ&&

2) ~‹S>o ~‹S>mB© Z H$a¢, ~‹S>mo Z ~mobo ~mobŸ&

a{h_Z hram H$~ H$h¡, bmI Q>H$m __ _mobŸ&&

3) _{Z _m{ZH$ _h§Jo {H$`o, ggVmo V¥Z Ob ZmOŸ&

`mhr Vo h_ Om{Z`V, am_ Jar~ {ZdmOŸ&&

4) _mZ g{hV {df Im` Ho$, g§^w ^`o OJXrgŸ&

{~Zm _mZ A_¥V {n`o, amhþ H$Q>m`mo grgŸ&&

5) a{h_Z AmoN>o ZaZ gm|, ~¡a ^bmo Z àr{VŸ&

H$mQ>o MmQ>o ñdmZ Ho$, XmoC ^m§{V {dnar{VŸ&&

6) a{h_Z Jbr h¡ gm§H$[a, XyOmo Z R>hamqhŸ&

Amnw Ah¡ Vmo h[a Zht, h[a Vmo AmnwZ ZmqhŸ&&

7) a{h_Z Xo{I ~‹S>oZ H$mo, bKw Z Xr{OE S>m[aŸ&

Ohm± H$m_ Amdo gwB©, H$hm H$ao Vbdm[aŸ&&

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

166

8) a{h_Z YmJm ào_ H$m, _V Vmo‹S>mo {N>Q>H$m`Ÿ&

Qy>Q>o go {\$a Zm {_bo, {_bo Jm§R> n[a Om`Ÿ&&

*****

H${d n[aM` - ahr_ AãXwa©hr_ ImZImZm g_«mQ> AH$~a Ho$ _§Ìr Am¡a goZmn{V WoŸ& ZdaËZm| _| BZH$s JUZm H$s OmVr WrŸ& göX` H${d hmoZo Ho$ gmW - gmW do eya-dra `moÕm ^r WoŸ& CZH$m OÝ_ 1553 B©. _| bmhm¡a _| hþAm WmŸ& do g§ñH¥$V, Aa~r, \$magr Am{X ^mfmAm| Ho$ ^r AÀN>o kmVm WoŸ& CZHo$ H$mì` _| H$mì`emñÌr` kmZ Ho$ gmW-gmW ^{ŠV VWm Zr{VnaH$ aMZmE± ^r àmá hmoVr h¢Ÿ&eãXmW© :

g§M{h - g§M` (EH$Ì) H$aVo h¢, gwOmZ - AÀN>o _Zwî`, V¥Z - dZñn{V, ZmO - AZmO, Jar~ {ZdmO - Jar~m| Ho$ ajH$, g§^w - e§^w ({ed), AmoN>m - ZrM, ñdmZ - Hw$Îmm, gm§H$[a - g§H$ar (V§J), XyOmo-

Xygam, {N>Q>H$m` - MQ>H$mAmoŸ&

Aä`mg

I. _m¡{IH$ - 1) AÀN>o bmoJ Š`m H$aVo h¢ ? 2) ~‹S>o bmoJ {H$gHo$ g_mZ hmoVo h¢ ? 3) am_ {H$gHo$ ajH$ h¢ ? 4) {ed Zo Š`m {H$`m Wm ? 5) h_| {H$gH$mo _hËd XoZm Mm{hE ?

6) ào_ H$m YmJm Qy>Q>Zo na Š`m hmoVm h¡ ?

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

167

II. {b{IV -A) {ZåZ{b{IV àíZm| Ho$ CÎma EH$ dmŠ` _| {b{IE : 1) d¥j Am¡a ZXr Š`m Zht H$aVo ? 2) hram Š`m Zht H$aVm ? 3) am_ Zo Jar~m| Ho$ {bE Š`m {H$`m h¡ ? 4) ~wao bmoJm| Ho$ gmW H¡$gm gå~§Y ~ZmZm Mm{hE ? 5) ^JdmZ H$mo _Z _| aIZo Ho$ {bE h_| Š`m H$aZm Mm{hE ? 6) h_| N>moQ>m| Ho$ gmW H¡$gm ì`dhma H$aZm Mm{hE ? 7) ào_ H$m YmJm H¡$go aIZm Mm{hE ?

Am) Mma-nm±M dmŠ`m| _| CÎma {b{IE : 1) ahr_ Zo namonH$mar _Zwî` Ho$ ~mao _| Š`m H$hm h¡ ? 2) ahr_ Zo ~‹S>o ì`{ŠV`m| H$s VwbZm Ho$ {bE {H$gH$m CXmhaU {X`m h¡ Am¡a CZ_| Š`m g_mZVm {XImB© h¡ ? 3) ~wao ì`{ŠV`m| Ho$ gmW ahZo na Š`m hmo gH$Vm h¡ ? 4) h_| ha N>moQ>r dñVw Am¡a ha ì`{ŠV H$m _hËd g_PZm Mm{hEŸ& `h md AmnH$mo {H$g Xmoho _| {_bVm h¡, MwZH$a {b{IEŸ& 5) {H$grHo$ gmW {_ÌVm `m ào_ H$mo Š`m| Zht Vmo‹S>Zm Mm{hE ?

B) gÝX^© g{hV ^md ñnï> H$s{OE : 1) _{Z _m{ZH$ _h§Jo {H$E, ggVmo V¥Z Ob ZmOŸ& `mhr Vo h_ Om{Z`V, am_ Jar~ {ZdmOŸ&& 2) a{h_Z YmJm ào_ H$m, _V Vmo‹S>mo {N>Q>H$m`Ÿ&

Qy>Q>oo go {\$a Zm {_bo, {_bo Jm§R> n[a Om`Ÿ&&

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

168

III. nhbo Xmo Xmohm| H$mo H§$R>ñW H$s{OE &

IV. ^mfm - ~moY

Ü`mZ Xr{OE - ahr_ H$s àmMrZ ^mfm Ho$ {H«$`m nXm| H$mo

dV©_mZ ^mfm _| h_ Bg àH$ma {bIVo h¢ -

1) {n`qh = nrVo h¢, g§M{h = g§M` H$aVo h¢Ÿ&

Bgo Ü`mZ _| aIH$a {ZåZ{b{IV eãXm| Ho$ àmMrZ ê$n

~VmBE :

1) H$a 2) Am 3) Om 4) Im 5) XoI

2) AmYw{ZH$ I‹S>r~mobr _| H$mO - H$m`©Ÿ& Bgr àH$ma {ZåZ

eãXm| Ho$ AmYw{ZH$ ê$n {b{IE :

1) ggVmo 2) grg 3) XmoC 4) XyOmo 5) H$hm

3) {ZåZ{b{IV eãXm| Ho$ VrZ-VrZ g_mZmW©H$ eãX {b{IE:

1) Vé 2) \$b 3) Ob 4) Za

`mo½`Vm - {dñVma :

* AH$~a Ho$ ZdaËZm| Ho$ ~mao _| A{YH$ OmZH$mar àmá

H$s{OEŸ&

* AÝ` gÝV H${d`m| Ho$ Zr{VnaH$ Xmohm| H$m g§H$bZ H$a

H$jm _| gwZmBEŸ&

*****

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

169

n[a{eï>

1. ì`mH$aU 2. nÌ - boIZ

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

170

dU© ì`dñWm

dU© {dMma Am¡a CƒmaU

^mfm H$s g~go N>moQ>r BH$mB© dU© h¡& BZ dUm] Ho$ g§`moJ go eãXm| H$m {Z_m©U hmoVm h¡& dU© eãX H$m à`moJ Üd{Z Am¡a Üd{Z-{Mh²Z XmoZm| Ho$ {bE hmoVm h¡, Š`m|{H$ dU© Üd{Z`m| Ho$ Cƒ[aV Am¡a {b{IV XmoZm| ê$nm| Ho$ àVrH$ h¢& BZ dUm] Ho$ g_yh H$mo "dU©_mbm' H$hVo h¡§&

CƒmaU H$s Ñ{ï> go qhXr dU©_mbm H$mo Xmo dJm] _| ~m±Q>m J`m h¡ -

1. ñda Am¡a 2. ì`§OZ

1. ñda - {OZ dUm] H$m CƒmaU {~Zm {H$gr AdamoY Ho$ VWm {~Zm {H$gr Xÿgao dU© H$s ghm`Vm go hmoVm h¡, CÝh| ñda H$hVo h¡§& CƒmaU H$s Ñ{ï> go ñda nyU©V`m ñdV§Ì h¢& ì`§OZ dUm] Ho$ CƒmaU _| ñda ghm`H$ hmoVo h¢& qhXr _| ñda Bg àH$ma h¢ -

A Am B B© C D$ (G$) E Eo Amo Am¡

"G$' H$m CÀMmaU gm_mÝ`V… "[a' Ho$ ê$n _| ì`§OZdV hr hmoVm h¡& "Am' Am{X AÝ` ñdam| Ho$ g_mZ "G$' H$s _mÌm ( ¥) ^r hmoVr h¡, AV… Cgo ñdam| _| {JZm OmVm h¡& "G$' H$m à`moJ Ho$db VËg_ (g§ñH¥$V) eìXm| _o§ hmoVm h¡; O¡go - G$U, G${f, G$Vw&

XodZmJar dU©_mbm _| A§, A… H$mo ñdam| Ho$ gmW {bIm OmVm h¡, na dmñVd _| "A§' AZwñdma ( § ) h¡ Am¡a A… {dgJ© (…) h¡& ñda Ho$ ~mX hr BZH$m à`moJ hmoVm h¡; O¡go - A§H$, B§{JV, AV…, àmV…, àm`…& {dgJ© H$m à`moJ qhXr _| àM{bV g§ñH¥$V eãXm| _| hr hmoVm h¡&

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

171

2. ì`§OZ - qhXr _| ì`§OZ Bg àH$ma h¡§-

ñne© ì`§OZ

H$ dJ© - H$ I J K L n dJ© - n \$ ~ ^ _

M dJ© - M N> O P Äm A§VñW ì`§OZ - ` a b d

Q> dJ© - Q> R> S> T> U ‹S>> ‹T> D$î_ ì`§OZ - e f g h

V dJ© - V W X Y Z g§`wŠV ì`§OZ - j Ì k l

(H$) ‹S> ‹T> qhXr Ho$ {dH${gV ì`§OZ h¢& `o g§ñH¥$V _| Zht h¢&

(I) µO µ\$ Üd{Z`m>± {dXoer (Aa~r, µ\$magr VWm A§J«oµOr) à^md go qh§Xr _o§ Am JB© h¢&

(J) (qhXr go§ "L' Am¡a "Äm' H$m ñdV§Ì à`moJ Zht hmoVm&)

Cn`wŠV g^r ì`§OZm| _| "A' ñda {_bm hþAm h¡& ñda a{hV ì`§OZ

hb§V ( ² ) Ho$ gmW {bIo OmVo h¢& O¡go - H²$, N²>, T²>, X²

(K) j, Ì, k Am¡a l g§`wŠV ì`§OZ h¢, `Wm - H²$ + f = j,

V² + a = Ì, O² + Äm = k, e² + a = l

(L) qhXr _| "k' H$m CÀMmaU àm`… "½`§' Ho$ g_mZ hmoVm h¡&

_mÌmE± - ì`§OZ Ho$ gmW ñda {Og ê$n _| {_bm hmoVm h¡, Cgo ñda H$s _mÌm H$hVo h¢& àË`oH$ ñda H$s _mÌm ZrMo Xr Om ahr h¡ -

ñda - A Am B B© C D$ G$ E Eo Amo Am¡

_mÌm - m [ r w y ¥ o ¡ mo m¡

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

172

"A' H$s H$moB© _mÌm Zht hmoVr& "A' ñda ì`§OZ _| hr {_bm ahVm h¡; O¡go - H$ = H$² + A, n = n² + A

g^r ñdam| H$s _mÌmE± H«$_ go H²$ Ho$ gmW ZrMo Xr Om ahr h¢ -

H²$ + A = H$ H²$ + C = Hw$ H²$ + Eo = H¡$

H²$ + Am = H$m H²$ + D$ = Hy$ H²$ + Amo = H$mo

H²$ + B = {H$ H²$ + G$ = H¥$ H²$ + Am¡ = H$m¡

H²$ + B© = H$s H²$ + E = Ho$

ñdamo§ Ho$ ^oX

ñda Xmo àH$ma Ho$ hmoVo h¡§ - 1 õñd ñda Am¡a 2. XrK© ñda&

A, B, C, G$ õñd ñda h¢ VWm Am, B©, D$, E, Eo, Amo, Am¡ XrK© ñda h¢&

CÀMmaU H$s Ñ{ï> go õñd Am¡a XrK© H$m A§Va _hËdnyU© h¡& õñd Ho$ ñWmZ na XrK© AWdm XrK© Ho$ ñWmZ na õñd H$m CÀMmaU H$aZo VWm {bIZo go AW© _| ^oX hmo OmVm h¡; O¡go -

õñd XrK© õñd XrK© õñd XrK©A Am B B© C D$~Z ~mZ {XZ XrZ Hw$b Hy$b

g^r ñdam| H$m AZwZm{gH$ CÀMmaU ^r hmoVm h¡; O¡go - A±, Am±, B±, Bª, C±, D±$, E±, E|, Am|, Am¢& {OZ ñdam| Ho$ D$na _mÌm hmoVr h¡ dhm± AZwZm{gH$ `m M§Ðq~Xþ ( °§ ) Ho$ ñWmZ na AZwñdma `m q~Xþ ( § ) bJm`m OmVm h¡&

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

173

2. ì`§OZ

{OZ dUm] Ho$ CÀMmaU _| dm`w H$m àdmh éH$H$a `m Kf©U Ho$ gmW {ZH$bVm h¡, CÝh| ì`§OZ H$hVo h¢& ì`§OZ H$m CÀMmaU gXm ñda H$s ghm`Vm go hmoVm h¡; O¡go - H²$ + A = H$, n² + A = n

ì`§OZm| Ho$ ^oX

qhXr _§o Hw$b 37 ì`§OZ h¢, {OZ_| Xmo AmJV ì`§OZ (µO µ\$) ^r em{_b h¢& BÝho§ {ZåZ{b{IV lo{U`m| _| {d^m{OV {H$`m J`m h¡ - (H$) ñne© (27) (I) A§VñW (4) (J) D$î_ (4) Am¡a (K) AmJV (2)& j, Ì, k, l _ybV… ì`§OZ Zht h¢, do g§`wŠV ì`§OZ h¢&

1. ñne© ì`§OZ - BZH$m CÀMmaU H§$R>, Vmbw, _yYm©, Xm±V, Amoð>> ñWmZm| Ho$ ñne© go hmoVm h¡&

CÀMmaU-ñWmZm| Ho$ AZwgma BZHo$ dJ© Bg àH$ma h¡§ -

dJ© dU© CÀMmaU ñWmZ dU©-Zm_H$dJ© H$, I, J, K, L H§$R> H§$R²>`MdJ© M, N>, O, P, Äm Vmbw Vmbì`Q>dJ© Q>, R>, S>, T>, U,

‹S>, ‹T> _yYm© _yY©Ý`

VdJ© V, W, X, Y, Z Xm±V X§Ë`ndJ© n, \$, ~, ^, _ Amoð> Amoð²>`

L, Äm, U, Z, _ ì`§OZ dUm] H$m CÀMmaU Zm{gH$m Ho gmW-gmW H«$_e: H§$R>, Vmbw, _yYm©, Xm±V, Amoð> Ho$ ñne© go hmoVm h¡& BÝh| "Zm{gŠ` ì`§OZ' ^r H$hVo h¢&

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

174

‹S> Am¡a ‹T> dU© eãX Ho$ Ama§^ _| Zht AmVo, bo{H$Z _Ü` Am¡a A§V

_| BZH$m à`moJ hmoVm h¡; O¡go - n‹S>Zm, nr‹S>m, ~‹S>m, n‹T>Zm, ~‹T>m& S>-‹S>

A¡a T>-‹T> H$m A§Va g_PmZm ^r _hËdnyU© h¢; O¡go - S>mHy$, {ZS>a, g‹S>H$,

H$sM‹S>, T>ŠH$Z, ~wS²>T>m, M‹T>mB©, ~y‹T>m& BZ eãXm| _| S>, ‹S>, T>, ‹T> dUm] H$m

à`moJ hþAm h¡& Bgo g_P§o&

2. A§VñW ì`§OZ - A§VñW H$m AW© h¡ ñda Am¡a ì`§OZ Ho$ ~rM _|

(pñWV)& BZH$m CÀMmaU Or^, Vmbw, Xm±V Am¡a hm|R>m| Ho$ {ZH$Q> AmZo go

hmoVm h¡, qH$Vw ídmg _| éH$mdQ> H$_ hmoVr h¡; O¡go - `, a, b, d & BZ

dUm] _| "`' Am¡a "d' AY© ñda h¢&

3. D$î_ ì`§OZ - BZH$m CÀMmaU aJ‹S> `m Kf©U go CËnÞ dm`w go hmoVm

h¡; O¡go - e, f, g, h& "e' Ho$ CÀMmaU _| Or^ Vmbw H$mo Am¡a "g' Ho$

CÀMmaU _| Xm±Vm| H$s O‹S> H$mo Ny>Vr h¡& "f' H$mo _yY©Ý` dU© H$hm OmVm h¡,

qH$Vw BgH$m CÀMmaU A~ àm`… "e' H$s ^m±{V hmoVm h¡& `h dU© g§ñH¥$V

Ho$ VËg_ eãXm| Ho$ boIZ _| à`wŠV hmoVm h¡; O¡go - Xmof, {df_, nwéf,

g§Kf©&

4. AmJV dU© - Aa~r, µ\$magr Am¡a A§J«oµOr ^mfmAm| go AmE Hw$N> eãXm|

Ho$ ewX²Y CÀMmaU Ho$ {bE qhXr _| µO-µ\$ (ZrMo q~Xþ) dUmoª H$m à`moJ

hmoVm h¡; O¡go - µOam, µOmoa, µOo~am, µ\$m¡aZ, aµ\$y&

5. g§`wŠV ì`§OZ - `o Xmo ì`§OZ dUm] Ho$ g§`moJ go ~ZVo h¢& `o

ñdV§Ì ì`§OZ Zht h¢; O¡go - j (H²$+f), Ì (V²+a), k (O²+Äm),

l (e²+a)&

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

175

qhXr dU©-ì`dñWm H$mo Vm{bH$m ê$n _| dUm] H$s g§»`m Ho$ gmW {X`m Om ahm h¡&

dU©-Vm{bH$m

ñda ì`§OZ

õñd XrK© ñne© A§VñW D$î_ AmJV g§`wŠV

H$dJ© go ndJ©VWm ‹S> ‹T>(25+2) 27

A , B , C, G$

(4)

`,a,b,d (4)

e,f,g,h (4)

µO,µ\$ (2)

j, Ì,

k, l (4)=41

Am,B©,D$, E, Eo,Amo,Am¡ (7)=11

*****

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

176

eãX - {dMma

eãX ê$n Am¡a eãX aMZm

n[a^mfm - Eogm ñdV§Ì dU©-g_yh, {OgH$m EH$ {ZpíMV AW©

hmo, eãX H$hbmVm h¡& O¡go-H$_b, amV, b‹S>H$m, nwñVH$, Am{X&

CËn{ËV, ì`wËn{ËV VWm AW© Ho$ AmYma na eãXm| H$mo AZoH$ ^mJm| _|

~m±Q>m Om gH$Vm h¡&

eãXm| Ho$ ^oX

AW©Ho$ AmYma na

eãX

CËn{ËV Ho$ AmYma na

ì`wËn{ËV Ho$AWdm ~ZmdQ> Ho$ AmYma na

à`moJ Ho$ AmYma na

ì`mH$a{UH$ àH$m`© Ho$ AmYma na

CËn{ËV (CX²J_) Ho$ AmYma na eãXm| H$m dJuH$aU

CËn{ËV Ho$ AmYma na eãXmo§ Ho$ _w»` Mma ^oX h¢&

1. VËg_

2. VX²^d

3. XoeO

4. {dXoer

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

177

1. VËg_ - do eãX Omo {~Zm {H$gr n[adV©Z Ho$ Á`m| Ho$ Ë`m|

g§ñH¥$V ^mfm go qhXr _o§ à`wŠV {H$E OmVo h¢, do "VËg_ eãX'

H$hbmVo h¢& O¡go - _mVm, Xþ½Y, gn©, gË`, nd©V, H$_©, {dX²dmZ,

AmË_m, Am{X&

2. VX²^d - g§ñH¥$V ^mfm Ho$ Omo eãX Á`m| Ho$ Ë`m| qhXr _o§ à`wŠV

Zht hmoVo, ~pëH$ ê$n ~XbH$a qhXr ^mfm _o§ à`wŠV {H$E OmVo h¢, do

"VX²^d eãX' H$hbmVo h¢& O¡go - nËVm (nÌ), AmJ (A{½Z), gm±n

(gn©) Or^ ({Oh²dm), \y$b (nwîn), ZtX ({ZÐm), gM (gË`), _m±

(_mVm), nhm‹S> (nd©V), H$m_ (H$_©), Ka (J¥h), hmW (hñV), Am{X&

VËg_-VX²^d eãXm| Ho$ CXmhaU

VËg_ VX²^d VËg_ VX²^d VËg_ VX²^dApñWA§Jwbr

hS²>S>rC§Jbr

Aå~mA{½Z

Aå_mAmJ

Am_«Alw

Am_Am±gy

3. Xoer `m XoeO eãX : do eãX {OZH$m H$moB© òmoV Zht h¡;

AWm©V² {OZ eãXm| H$m _yb g§ñH¥$V _| Zht {_bVm& `o Omo eãX qhXr

H$s AnZr àH¥${V Ho$ AZwê$n J«m_rU joÌm|, Imbr joÌm| Am{X Ho$ à^md

go {dH${gV hþE h¢& Bg àH$ma Ho$ eãXm| H$mo "XoeO' eãX H$hm OmVm

h¡& O¡go -^m|Xÿ, PmSy>, P§PQ>, ^m|ny, AQ>H$b, {gbdQ>, nJ‹S>r, bmoQ>m,

PH$PH$, Wßn‹S>, R>moH$a Am{X&

4. {dXoer eãX : {Za§Va ~‹T>Vo g§nH©$ Ho$ H$maU Omo {dXoer eãX

(A§J«oµOr, µ\$magr, Aa~r, VwH$s©, nwV©Jmbr, \«$m§grgr, MrZr, `yZmZr,

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

178

OmnmZr, Am{X) qhXr ^mfm _| à`wŠV hmoVo h¢, do eãX "{dXoer eìX' H$hbmVo h¢& O¡go : _|~a, µO_mZm, AmX_r, ~oJ_, gm~wZ, {~Jwb, nQ>mIm, Q>obr\$moZ Am{X&

qhXr ^mfm _| à`wŠV A§J«oµOr eãX - _|~a, ameZ, _¡ZoOa, _moQ>a, n|{gb, ßboQ>\$m_©, S>m`ar, J«m_moµ\$moZ, Mm°H$, {Q>\$Z, S´>m_m Am{X&

qhXr ^mfm _| à`wŠV µ\$magr eãX - O~aXñVr, µO_mZm, OmXÿ, µ\$mgbm, µ\$m¡O, ~mXm_, XþH$mZ, Xa~ma, V»V, µO_tXma, Mnamgr, Mmnbygr Am{X&

qhXr ^mfm _| à`wŠV Aa~r eãX - Am_, AmX_r, Am¡aV, {H$Vm~, H$am_mV, H$bB©, H$gmB©, H$b_, [aídV, dH$sb, _H$mZ, _rZma, Am{X&

qhXr ^mfm _| à`wŠV VwH$u eãX - H¢$Mr, bme, ~hmXþa, Vmon, IµOmZMr, ~oJ_, XamoJm, ~r~r, ~mê$X, AmH$m, _embMr Am{X&)

qhXr ^mfm _| à`wŠV nwV©Jmbr eãX - J_bm, \$sVm, gm~wZ, V§~mHy$, Zrbm_, H$_rµO, Amb{nZ, Vm¡{b`m, H$mOy, H§$nmg, {nñVm¡b, Am{X&

qhXr mfm _| à`wŠV µ\«$m§grgr eãX -{~Jwb, B§Or{Z`a, nw{bg, B§OZ, H$mQy>©Z Am{X&

qhXr ^mfm _| à`wŠV MrZr eãX - nQ>mIm, Mm`, brMr Am{X&

qhXr ^mfm _| à`wŠV `yZmZr eãX - EoQ>_, Q>obrµ\$moZ, Q>obrJ«m\$ Am{X&

******

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

179

g§km

{H$gr ^r ì`{ŠV, dñVw, pñW{V `m JwU Ho$ Zm_ H$mo g§km H$hm

OmVm h¡&

CXm : _mohZ H$mobH$mVm _| {Zdmg H$aVm h¡&

J§Jm qhXþAm| Ho$ {bE n{dÌ ZXr h¡&

~w‹T>mnm XþImo§ H$m Ka h¡ Am¡a `m¡dZ AmZ§X H$m&

g§km Ho$ ^oX

g§km Ho$ VrZ ^oX _mZo OmVo h¢-

1. ì`{ŠVdmMH$ g§km - Omo eãX {H$gr {deof ì`{º$, {deof dñVw, {deof ñWmZ `m {deof àmUr Ho$ Zm_ H$m ~moY H$amVo h¡§, CÝh| ì`{ŠVdmMH$ g§km H$hVo h¢& O¡go-

Jm¡V_ ~wÕ, grVm, g§Vmof, {à`§H$, gwa{^ (ì`{ŠV`m| Ho$ Zm_)

EoamdV (hmWr), H${nbm (Jm`), gmoZm ({haZr) (àm{U`m| Ho$ Zm_)

{Xëbr, A_o[aH$m, ^maV, _Ðmg, Amgm_ (ñWmZm| Ho$ Zm_)

H$b_, nwñVH$, H§$H$‹S>, Må_M (dñVwAm| Ho$ Zm_)

2. Om{VdmMH$ g§km - Omo eãX {H$gr àmUr, nXmW© `m g_wXm` H$r nyar Om{V H$m ~moY H$amVo h¡§, CÝho§ Om{VdmMH$ g§km H$hVo h§¡& O¡go-

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

180

_Zwî`, Za, Zmar, J«§W, nd©V, Hw$Îmm, hmWr, \$b, ZJa, àm§V, Xoe, ZXr, PaZm Am{X& oo g~ eãX nyar Om{V Ho$ n[aMm`H$ h¢, {H$gr EH$ _Zwî`, EH$ Za, EH$ J«§W `m EH$ àm§V Ho$ Zht& Om{VdmMH$ g§km Ho$ A§VJ©V Ðì` dmMH$ VWm g_yhdmMH$ g§kmE± ^r gpå_{bV h¢&

Ðì`dmMH$ g§km - {H$gr nXmW© `m Ðì` H$m ~moY H$amZo dmbo eãXm| H$mo Ðì`dmMH$ H$hVo h¢& CXmhaUV`m - gmoZm, Mm±Xr, D$Z, bH$‹S>r, Vm±~m Am{X&

g_yhdmMH$ g§km - {Og eãX go {H$gr g_yh `m g_wXm` H$m kmZ hmoVm h¡§, Cgo g_yhdmMH$ g§km H$hVo h¡& O¡go-goZm, H$jm, n[adma, Pw§S>, ^r‹S>, Obyg, Am{X&

3. ^mddmMH$ g§km - {H$gr JwU, Xem, ñd^md, H$m`©, ^md `m ñd^md H$m ~moY H$amZodmbo eãXm| H$mo ^mddmMH$ g§km H$hVo h¢& O¡go-

JwU-Xmof - Mm¡‹S>mB©, b§~mB©, gw§XaVm, H$wê$nVm, MVwamB©

Xem - ~w‹T>mnm, `m¡dZ, ß`mg

^md - Amem, ñdmW©, eÌwVm, em§{V, H«$moY

H$m`© - ghm`Vm, àe§gm, gbmh

ì`{ŠVdmMH$ g§km H$m Om{VdmMH$ Ho$ ê$n _| n«`moJ

H$B© ~ma H$moB© ì`{º$dmMH$ g§km Om{VdmMH$ Ho$ ê$n _| à`wº$ hmoZo bJVr h¡& O¡go-

{d^rfUm| go ~Mmo&

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

181

BÝht O`M§Xm| Ho$ H$maU Xoe namYrZ hþAm&

ZoVmOr Ho$ ~{bXmZ go YaVr na AZoH$ gw^mf n¡Xm hmo JE&

`hm± "{d^rfU',"O`M§X' Am¡a "gw^mf' H«$_e… "Ka^o{X`mo§',"JÔmam|'

VWm "H«$m§{VH$m[a`m|' Ho$ {bE à`wŠV hþE h¢&

Om{VdmMH$ g§km H$m ì`{ŠVdmMH$ ê$n _| n«`moJ

H$B© ~ma Om{VdmMH$ g§km H$m à`moJ {H$gr ì`{ŠV {deof Ho$ {bE hmoZo

bJVm h¡& CXmhaUV`m -$

CZ {XZm| n§{S>V Or Xoe Ho$ àYmZ_§Ìr Wo&

_hmË_m Or Zo AqhgmË_H$ Am§XmobZ H$m nj {b`m&

emór Or ^maV Ho$ `eñdr àYmZ_§Ìr Wo&

`hm± "n§{S>V Or' g^r n§{S>Vm| Ho$ {bE Z à`wŠV hmoH$a n§{S>V Zohê$ Ho$

{bE à`wŠV hþAm h¡& "_hmË_m Or' _hmË_m Jm±Yr Ho$ {bE VWm "emór

Or' bmb~hmXþa emór Ho$ {bE à`wŠV hþAm h¡&

^mddmMH$ g§km H$m Om{VdmMH$ ê$n _| à`moJ O~ ^mddmMH$

g§km ~hþdMZ _| à`wº$ hmoVr h¡ Vmo dh Om{VdmMH$ ê$n KmaU H$a

boVr h¡& `Wm -

~wamB© go ~wamB`m± - ~wamB`m| go ~Mmo

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

182

Xyar go Xy[a`m± - OmZo H$~ h_ XmoZm| Ho$ ~rM Xy[a`m± ~‹T> JBª&

àmW©Zm go àmW©ZmE± - gÀMr àmW©ZmE± H$^r ì`W© Zht OmVr§&

n‹T>>mB© go n‹T>-B`m± - Jar~m| H$mo ~ÀMm| H$s n‹T>mB`m± hr _ma XoVr h¢&

^mddmMH$ g§kmAm| H$s aMZm

^mddmMH$ g§kmE± ê$‹T> r hmoVr h¢ VWm {Z{_©V r& {Z{_©V mddmMH$

g§kmE± nm±M àH$ma Ho$ eãXm| go ~ZVr h¢&

1. Om{VdmMH$ g§kmAm| go 2. gd©Zm_m| go

3. {deofUmo§ go 4. Aì``m| go

5. {H«$`mAm| go

ZrMo Hw$N> _hËdnyU© ^mddmMH$ g§kmE± Xr Om ahr h¢-

1. Om{VdmMH$ g§km go

eãX ^mddmMH$ g§km eãX ^mddmMH$

g§kmAmX_r AmX_r`V ~y‹T>m ~w‹T>mnm

BZgmZ BZgm{Z`V VéU VéUB©

B©ída Eoíd`©, B©ídaËd ^mB© ^mB©Mmam

{H$emoa H¡$emo`© ^«mV¥ ^«mV¥Ëd

Hw$_ma H$m¡_m`© _Zwî` _Zwî`Vm

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

183

2. gd©Zm_ go

AnZm AnZmnZ/AnZËd nam`m nam`mnZ

Ah§ Ah§H$ma __ __Vm, __Ëd

Amn Amnm gd© gd©ñd

{ZO {ZOVm, {ZOËd ñd ñdËd

3. {deofU go

AÀN>m AÀN>mB© Vrd« Vrd«Vm

AOZ~r AOZ~rnZ Xþï> Xþï>Vm

AÝ`m`r AÝ`m` H$R>moa H$R>moaVm

4. Aì``m| go

D$na D$nar {ZH$Q> {ZH$Q>Vm, Z¡H$Q²>`

Xÿa Xyar ZrMo {ZMmB©

{YH$² {Y¸$ma _Zm _Zmhr

5. {H«$`mAm| go

ApñV ApñVËd Xm¡‹S>Zm Xm¡‹S>

C‹S>Zm C‹S>mZ YmoZm YwbmB©

CVaZm CVamB©, CVma n‹T>Zm n‹T>mB©

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

184

qbJ

eãX Ho$ {Og ê$n go `h nVm Mbo {H$ dh nwéf Om{V H$m h¡

`m ór Om{V H$m, Cgo qbJ H$hVo h¢& qhXr _| Xmo qbJ h¢ - nw[ëb§J

Am¡a ór qbJ& ha EH$ g§km eãX `m Vmo nw{ëb§JdmMr hmoJm `m

órqbJdmMr& bo{H$Z Hw$N> eãX Eogo ^r hmoVo h¢ {OZH$m à`moJ XmoZm|

qbJm| (nw{ëb§J Am¡a órqbJ) _| hmo gH$Vm h¡& BZ eãXm| _o§ qbJ

n[adV©Z Zht hmoVm& O¡go _§Ìr, S>m°ŠQ>a, B§Or{Z`a, M¡`a_Z, _¡ZoOa

Am{X&

CXm: _§Ìr Or Am aho h¢-_§Ìr Or Am ahr h¢& S>m°ŠQ>a Am aho

h¢- S>m°ŠQ>a Am ahr h¢&

eãXm| H$m qbJ-n[adV©Z:

qhXr _| A{YH$Va nw{ëb§J eãXmo§ go órqbJ eãX ~ZmE OmVo h¢&

Bg{bE _yb nw{ëb§J eãXm| _| àË`` Omo‹S>H$a órqbJ eãX ~ZmE OmVo

h¢& ZrMo nw{ëb§J eãXm| go órqbJ ~ZmZo Ho$ Hw$N> {Z`_ {XE Om aho h¢&

1. "AmZr' àË`` go ~ZZodmbo órqbJ eãX:

(A - AmZr / AmUr)

Zm¡H$a - Zm¡H$amZr OoR> - OoR>mZr

B§Ð - B§ÐmUr Xoda - XodamZr

j{Ì` - jÌmUr

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

185

2. "AmBZ' àË`` go ~ZZodmbo órqbJ eãX:

(A, Am, B©, D$, E - AmBZ)

n§{S>V - n§{S>VmBZ Jwé - JwéAmBZ

R>mHw$a - R>mHw$amBZ dm~y - ~~wAmBZ

3. "B©' àË`` go ~ZZodmbo órqbJ eãX:

(A, Am - B©)

b‹S>H$m - b‹S>H$s _m_m - _m_r

XmXm - XmXr ~oQ>m - ~oQ>r

~H$am - ~H$ar

4. "B`m' àË`` go ~ZZodmbo órqbJ eãX:

(Am - B`m )

~y‹T>m - ~w{‹T>`m Hw$Îmm - Hw${V`m

~oQ>m - {~{Q>`m Myhm - Mw{h`m

5. "BZ' àË`` go ~ZZodmbo órqbJ eãX:

_yb eãX Ho$ A§{V_ ñda H$m bmon hmo OmVm h¡ Am¡a CgHo$ ñWmZ na -

"BZ' àË`` Am OmVm h¡-

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

186

bwhma- bwhm[aZ ~mK - ~m{KZ

gwZma - gwZm[aZ ZmJ - Zm{JZ

Vobr - Vo{bZ _mbr - _m{bZ

6. "Zr' àË`` go ~ZZo dmbo órqbJ eãX:

(A - AZr)

eoa - eoaZr D±$Q> -D±$Q>Zr

_moa - _moaZr

7. "BZr' àË`` go ~ZZodmbo órqbJ eãX:

(B©-BZr, BUr)

hmWr - h{WZr ñdm_r - ñdm{_Zr

AmkmH$mar - AmkmH$m[aUr {hVH$mar - {hVH$m[aUr

8. "BH$m' àË`` Omo‹S>H$a ~ZZodmbo órqbJ eãX:

Zm`H$ - Zm{`H$m ~mbH$ - ~m{bH$m

{ejH$ - {e{jH$m AÜ`mnH$ - AÜ`m{nH$m

boIH$ - bo{IH$m

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

187

9. Hw$N> g§km eãX {OZHo$ A§V _| dmZ / _mZ AmVo h¢ CZHo$ ñWmZ na dVr / _Vr órdmMr àË`` bJmH$a órqbJ ~ZmE OmVo h¢&

JwUdmZ - JwUdVr e[º$_mZ - e{º$_Vr

lr_mZ - lr_Vr Am`wî_mZ - Am`wî_Vr

ê$ndmZ - ê$ndVr ^JdmZ - ^JdVr

10. Hw$N> eãXm| _| _yb eãX órqbJdmMr hmoVo h¢ Am¡a CZ_§o àË`` Omo‹S>H$a nw{ëb§J ê$n ~Zm`o OmVo h¢& O¡go -

_m¡gr - _m¡gm ~hZ - ~hZmoB©

OrOr - OrOm ZZX - ZZXmoB©

11. "Am' àË`` Omo‹S>H$a (A - Am) :

{à` - {à`m gXñ` - gXñ`m

{eî` - {eî`m AÜ`j - AÜ`jm

_yI© - _yIm© AmMm`© - AmMm`m©

12. Hw$N> VËg_ eãXm| _o§ "Vm' H$mo "Ìr' H$aZo go órqbJ ~ZVo h¢&

(Vm - Ìr)

H$Vm© - H$Ìu aM{`Vm - aM{`Ìr

A{^ZoVm - A{^ZoÌr

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

188

13. {ZË` nw{ëb§J `m {ZË` órqbJ eãXm| _| "_mXm' `m "Za' eãX

bJmZo go:

H$m¡Am - Za (nw{ëb§J) - _mXm H$m¡Am (órqbJ)

^o{‹S>`m - Za (nw{ëb§J) - _mXm ^o{‹S>`m (órqbJ)

14. {^Þ ê$ndmbo órqbJ eãX:

_m_m -_m_r nwéf - ór

H${d - H$d{`Ìr ~mn- _m°§

{dYwa - {dYdm da - dYy

*****

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

189

dMZ (Number)

n[a^mfm-eãX Ho$ {Og ê$n go CgHo$ EH$ AWdm AZoH$ hmoZo H$m ~moY hmo, Cgo dMZ H$hVo h¢&

àH$ma - qhXr _o§ Xmo dMZ h¢ - EH$dMZ Am¡a ~hþdMZ&

EH$dMZ - eãX Ho$ {Og ê$n go CgHo$ EH$ (g§»`m _|) hmoZo H$m ~moY hmo, Cgo EH$dMZ H$hVo h¢& O¡go - b‹S>H$m, nV§J, nwñVH$, Jm‹S>r, nwéf Am{X&

~hþdMZ - eãX Ho$ {Og ê$n go EH$ go A{YH$ ì`{ŠV`m| AWdm dñVwAm| H$m ~moY hmo, Cgo ~hþdMZ H$hVo h¢& O¡go - b‹S>Ho$, nV§J|, nwñVH|$, Jm{‹S>`m±, {ó`m± Am{X&

dMZ g§~§Yr {Z`_

gmYmaUV… EH$ g§»`m Ho$ {bE EH$dMZ H$m Am¡a A{YH$ Ho$ {bE ~hþdMZ H$m à`moJ {H$`m OmVm h¡, bo{H$Z -

1. AmXa àH$Q> H$aZo Ho$ {bE EH$dMZ Ho$ ñWmZ na ~hþdMZ H$m à`moJ {H$`m OmVm h¡, O¡go -

(H$) _hmË_m ~wÕ _hmZ Wo& (I) _oao {nVm ì`mnmar h¢&

(J) Jm±YrOr Aqhgm Ho$ nwOmar Wo&

(K) JwéOr Am aho h¢& (L) _mVmOr nhþ±M JB© hm|Jr&

2. AnZm A{YH$ma, A{^_mZ `m ~‹S>ßnZ OVmZo Ho$ {bE ^r "_¢' Ho$ ñWmZ na H$^r-H$^r bmoJ "h_' ~hþdMZ H$m à`moJ H$aVo h¢& _m{bH$ Zm¡H$a go àm`… Eogo ~mV H$aVm h¡& O¡go-

H$) h‘ Om aho h¢ ! h‘mao {bE ImZm VmAmo

I) AH$~a Zo H$hm - h‘| em§{V Mm{hE &

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

190

gd©Zm_{OZ eãXm| H$m à`moJ g§km Ho$ ñWmZ na {H$`m OmVm h¡ CÝh|

gd©Zm_ H$hVo h¢ &

CXmhaU : _¢, Vy, Amn (ñd`§), `h, dh, Omo, H$moB©, Hw$N>, H$m¡Z, Š`m &

gd©Zm_ Ho$ ^oX

nwéfdmMH$

gd©Zm_

CÎm_ nwéf _Ü`_ nwéf AÝ` nwéf

{ZOdmMH$

gd©Zm_

{Zü`dmMH$

gd©Zm_

A{Zü`dmMH$

gd©Zm_

gå~ÝYdmMH$

gd©Zm_

àýdmMH$

gd©Zm_

nwéfdmMH$ gd©Zm_

{OZ gd©Zm_ eãXm| H$m à`moJ ì`{º$dmMH$ g§km Ho$ ñWmZ na {H$`m OmVm h¡ CÝh| nwéfdmMH$ gd©Zm_ H$hVo h¢ & O¡go - _¢, Vw_, h_, Amn, do &

nwéfdmMH$ gd©Zm_ Ho$ VrZ ^oX h¢ :

CÎm_ nwéf :

BZ gd©Zm_ H$m à`moJ ~mV H$hZo `m ~mobZo dmbm AnZo {bE H$aVm h¡ &

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

191

CXmhaU : _¢, _wPo, _oam, _wPH$mo, h_, h_|, h_mam, h_H$mo &

_Ü`_ nwéf :

BZ gd©Zm_ H$m à`moJ ~mV gwZZo dmbo Ho$ {bE {H$`m OmVm h¡ &

CXmhaU : Vy, VwPo, Voam, Vw_, Vwåho, Vwåhmam &

AmXa gyMH$ : Amn, AmnH$mo, AmnH$m, Amn bmoJ, Amn bmoJm| H$mo Am{X &

AÝ` nwéf :

BZ gd©Zm_ H$m à`moJ ~mobZo dmbm AÝ` {H$gr ì`{º$ Ho$ {bE H$aVm h¡ &

CXmhaU : dh, CgZo, CgH$mo, CgH$m, Cgo, Cg_|, do, BÝhmoZo, CZH$mo, CZH$m, CÝh|, CZ_o Am{X &

{ZOdmMH$ gd©Zm_

Omo gd©Zm_ eãX H$aVm Ho$ ñd`§ Ho$ {bE à`wº$ hmoVo h¢ CÝh| {ZOdmMH$ gd©Zm_ H$hVo h¢ &

O¡go : ñd`§, Amn hr, IwX, AnZo Amn &

CgZo AnZo Amn H$mo ~~m©X H$a {b`m &

œoVm Amn hr Mbr J`r &

ZmoQ>: BgHo$ "Amn' H$m à`moJ AnZo {bE / ñd`§ ({elf) hmoVm h¡ AmXa gyMH$ 'Amn' Ho$ {bE Zht &

{Zü`dmMH$ gd©Zm_ :

{OZ gd©Zm_ eãXm| go {H$gr {Z{üV ì`{º$ `m dñVw H$m ~moY hmoVm h¡ Cgo {Zü`dmMH$ gd©Zm_ H$hVo h¢ &

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

192

O¡go : `h, dh, `o, do &

`h _oar K‹S>r h¡ &

dh EH$ b‹S>H$m h¡ &

do BYa hr Am aho h¢ &

A{Zü`dmMH$ gd©Zm_ :

{OZ gd©Zm_ eãXm| go {H$gr {Z{üV ì`{º$ `m dñVw H$m ~moY Zht hmoVm h¡ Cgo A{Zü`dmMH$ gd©Zm_ H$hVo h¢ &

O¡go : Hw$N>, {H$gr Zo ({H$gZo), {H$gr H$mo, {H$Ýht Zo, H$moB©, {H$Ýht H$mo &

bñgr _| Hw$N> n‹S>m h¡ &

{^Imar H$mo Hw$N> Xo Xmo &

H$m¡Z Am ahm h¡ &

am_ H$mo {H$gZo ~wbm`m h¡ &

em`X {H$gr Zo K§Q>r ~Om`r h¡ &

gå~ÝYdmMH$ gd©Zm_ :

{Og gd©Zm_ go dmŠ` _| {H$gr Xÿgao gd©Zm_ go gå~ÝY kmV hmoVm h¡ Cgo gå~ÝYdmMH$ gd©Zm_ H$hVo h¢ &

O¡go : Omo-gmo, Ohm±-dhm±, O¡gm-d¡gm, Om¡Z-Vm¡Z &Ohm± Mmh dhm± amh &O¡gm ~moAmoJo d¡gm H$mQ>moJo &dh H$m¡Z h¡ Omo amo n‹S>m &Omo gmo J`m dmo Imo J`m &

Omo H$aoJm gmo ^aoJm &

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

193

àýdmMH$ gd©Zm_ :

{OZ gd©Zm_ go dmŠ` _| àý H$m ~moY hmoVm h¡ Cgo àýdmMH$ gd©Zm_ H$hVo h¢ &

O¡go : H$m¡Z, H$hm±, Š`m, H¡$go &

a_oe Š`m Im ahm h¡ &

H$_ao _¢ H$m¡Z ~¡R>m h¡ &

do H$b H$hm± JE Wo &

Amn H¡$go hmo &

ZmoQ> : Hw$N> gd©Zm_ eãX Eogo ^r hmoVo h¢ {OÝh| g§`wº$ gd©Zm_ H$s H$mo{Q> _| aIm J`m h¢ &

O¡go : Omo H$moB©, g~ H$moB©, Hw$N> Am¡a, H$moB© Z H$moB© &

Omo H$moB© AmE Cgo amoH$ bmo &

OmAmo, dhm± H$moB© Z H$moB© Vmo {_b hr Om`oJm &

XoImo, Hw$N> Am¡a bmoJ dhm± h¢ &

H$moB©-H$moB© Vmo {~Zm ~mV ~hg H$aVm h¡ &

H$m¡Z-H$m¡Z Am ahm h¡ &

{H$g-{H$g H$_ao _| N>mÌ n‹T> aho h¡ &

AnZm-AnZm ~ñVm CR>mAmo Am¡a Ka OmAmo &

A~ Hw$N>-Hw$N> `mX Am ahm h¡ &

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

194

(H$) h_ Om aho h¢& h_mao {bE ImZm bmAmo&

(I) AH$~a Zo H$hm-h_| em§{V Mm{hE&

3. Hw$N> g§km eãX gXm ~hþdMZ _| à`wŠV hmoVo h¢& O¡go -

bmoJ, Xe©Z, àOm, àmU, ~mb, hmoe, Am±gy, hñVmja Am{X&

(H$) H¥$n`m AnZo Am±gy nm|N> S>m{bE & (I) ^` go CgHo$ Vmo àmU hr {ZH$b JE&

(J) nw{bg H$mo XoIH$a OJ_mohZ Ho$ hmooe C‹S> JE& (K) _oao ~mb P‹S>Vo h¢&

(L) AmOH$b bmoJ grYo _w±h ~mV VH$ Zht H$aVo& (M) AmO ~oQ>o Ho$ Xe©Z hþE&

4. AmOH$b "Vy' EH$dMZ gd©Zm_ H$m An_mZmW© `m AË`§V N>moQ>o AWdm AË`§V {à` Ho$ {bE hr à`moJ {H$`m OmVm h¡& gå_mZ àH$Q> H$aZo Ho$ {bE "Vy' Ho$ ñWmZ na "Vw_' g§~moYZ {H$`m OmVm h¡&

5. OZVm, dfm©, nmZr, XÿY, AmJ, nw{bg, ^r‹S>, Am{X eãX gXm EH$dMZ _| à`wŠV hmoVo h¢& O¡go - (H$) OZVm Zo Am§XmobZ N>o‹S> {X`m h¡& (I) H$b ~hþV dfm© hþB© Wr&

(J) _wPo R>§S>m nmZr Mm{hE& (K) Cgo J_© XÿY Xmo&

(L) _H$mZ H$mo AmJ Zo Koa {b`m& (M) nw{bg Am JB© Vmo ^r‹S> éH$ JB©&

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

195

6. Hw$N> EH$dMZ eãX - JU, bmoJ, OZ, d¥§X, Am{X g_yhdmMH$ eãXm| Ho$ gmW Ow‹S>H$a ~hþdMZ Ho$ ê$n _| à`wŠV hmoVo h¢& O¡go -

(H$) AÜ`mnH$ JU `hm± ~¡¡R>| &

(I) _µOXÿa bmoJ AnZo H$m_ na OmE± &

(J) N>mÌd¥§X AmOH$b J«rî_mdH$me H$m AmZ§X bo aho h¢&

{OZ eãXm| Ho$ gmW Om{V, Xb, goZm, g_yh Am{X à`wŠV hmoVm h¡, CZH$m à`moJ EH$dMZ _| hmoVm h¡& O¡go-

(H$) _Zwî`-Om{V H$mo {ó`m| H$m gå_mZ H$aZm Mm{hE&

(I) N>mÌ-Xb {dlm_ H$a ahm h¡&

(J) OZ-g_yh H$b `hm± EH$Ì hmoJm&

7. ^mddmMH$ g§kmE± EH$dMZ _| à`wŠV hmoVr h¡§& O¡go -

(H$) BZ Am_m| _| {_R>mg h¡&

(I) H$m`©H«$_m| H$r gw§XaVm _Z H$mo _moh boVr h¡&

8. YmVwAm| H$m ~moY H$amZodmbr Om{VdmMH$ g§kmE± EH$dMZ _| à`wŠV hmoVr h¡§& O¡go-

(H$) gmoZm ~hþV M_H$sbm h¡ Am¡a bmohm _µO~yV h¡&

(I) Mm±Xr _h§Jr h¡, Am¡a ñQ>rb gwX§a&

9. AH$mam§V, BH$mam§V, B©H$mam§V, CH$mam§V, D$H$mam§V, EH$mam§V, AmoH$mam§V VWm Am¡H$mam§V nwq„J eãX nagJ©-a{hV hmoZo na

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

196

~hþdMZ Am¡a EH$dMZ XmoZm| pñW{V`m| _| EH$-g_mZ ahVo h¢; na§Vw CZHo$ {H«$`mê$n H$m `Wmê$n ì`dhma H$aVo h§¡& O¡go-

EH$dMZ ~hþdMZ

~mbH$ IobVm h¡& ~mbH$ IobVo h¢&

S>_ê$ {~H$ J`m& S>_ê$ {~H$ JE&

N>mÌ OmVm h¡& N>mÌ OmVo h¢&

dMZ ~XbZo Ho$ {Z`_

ZrMo {bIo dmŠ` Xo{IE-

CZHo$ nmg H$ma| h¢& do H$mam| na gdma h¢&

AZoH$ b‹S>Ho$ Om aho Wo& AZoH$ b‹S>H$m| Zo OmZo H$m H$m`©H«$_ ~Zm`m&

-BZ dmŠ`m| _| H$ma|, H$mam|, b‹S>Ho$, b‹S>H$m|, ~hþdMZ Ho$ ê$n h¢& AV§a `h h¡ {H$ "H$ma|' Am¡a "b‹S>Ho$' {d^{ŠV-a{hV h¢, O~{H$ "H$mam|' Am¡a "b‹S>H$m|' {d^{ŠV-g{hV h¢& AV… ~hþdMZ Xmo àH$ma Ho$ hmoVo h¢ -

(H$) {d^{ŠV-a{hV ~hþdMZ&

(I) {d^{ŠV-g{hV ~hþdMZ&

(H$) {d^{ŠV-a{hV ~hþdMZ ~ZmZo Ho$ {Z`_

nw{ëb§J g§kmAm| Ho$ dMZ-n[adV©Z-AmH$mam§V g§kmAm| Ho$ A§{V_ "Am' Ho$ ñWmZ na "E' H$a {X`m OmVm h¡& O¡go-

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

197

EH$dMZ ~hþdMZH$n‹S>m H$n‹S>oK‹S>m K‹S>oKmo‹S>m Kmo‹S>o

AndmX - (i) Hw$N> eìXm| _| `h {Z`_ bmJy Zht hmoVm& O¡go - g§~§YgyMH$ eãXm| _|-H$mH$m, _m_m, bmbm, nmnm, ZmZm, MmMm, Am{X&

nXgyMH$ eãXm| _| - XamoJm, n§S>m, AmoPm, Am{X&

Hw$N> AÝ` AmH$mam§V g§ñH¥$V nw{ëb§J eãXm| _| - amOm, H$Vm©, {nVm, `wdm, XodVm, M§Ð_m Am{X&

(ii) AH$mam§V, BH$mam§V, B©H$mam§V, CH$mam§V Am¡a D$H$mam§V nwqëbJ eãX Ho$ XmoZm| dMZm| Ho$ ê$n g_mZ ahVo h§¡& O¡go-

EH$dMZ ~hþdMZ EH$dMZ ~hþdMZ

H${d H${d `moJr `moJr

~mbH$ ~mbH$ gmYw gmYw

órqbJ g§kmAm| Ho$ dMZ-n[adV©Z-

(i) "A' H$mo E±- AH$mam§V órqbJ g§kmAm| Ho$ A§V _o| AmZo dmbo "A' H$mo "E±' H$a XoVo h¢& O¡go-

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

198

EH$dMZ ~hþdMZ EH$dMZ ~hþdMZ

Am±I Am±Io§ nwñVH$ nwñVH|$

H$b_ H$b_| ~hZ ~hZ|

{H$Vm~ {H$Vm~| ~mV ~mV|

(ii) `m±- BH$mam§V órqbJ g§kmAm| Ho$ A§V _o| "`m±' Omo‹S>H$a EH$dMZ H$mo ~hþdMZ ~Zm`m OmVm h¡& O¡go-

EH$dMZ ~hþdMZ EH$dMZ ~hþdMZ

Om{V Om{V`m± am{e am{e`m±

{V{W {V{W`m± {b{n {b{n`m±

{Z{Y {Z{Y`m± e{ŠV e{ŠV`m±

(iii) "B©' H$mo "B`m±' - B©H$mam§V órqbJ g§kmAm| H$s A§{V_ dU© "B©' H$mo "B`m±±' H$a {X`m OmVm h¡& `Wm-

Kmo‹S>r Kmo[‹S>`m± _N>br _N>{b`m±

Q>monr Q>mo{n`m± amoQ>r amo{Q>`m±

Wmbr Wm{b`m± b‹S>H$s b‹S>{H$`m±

(iv) AZwZm{gH$-( ±)-"`m' go A§V hmoZo dmbr g§kmAm| H$mo ~hþdMZ ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE A§V _| AZwZm{gH$ ( ±) Omo‹S> {X`m OmVm h¡& O¡go -

Hw${V`m Hw${V`m± {S>{~`m {S>{~`m±

Jw{‹S>`m Jw{‹S>`m± nw{‹S>`m nw{S>`m±

{M{‹S>`m {M{‹S>`m± ~w{‹T>`m ~w{‹T>`m±

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

199

(v) "E'-D$H$mam§V, AmH$mam§V, Am¡H$mam§V, Am{X eof órqbJ g§kmAm| Ho$ A§V _| "E±' Omo‹S>H$a ~hþdMZ ~ZmE OmVo h¢& Am¡a "D$' H$mo õñd H$a {X`m OmVm h¡& O¡go -

EH$dMZ ~hþdMZ EH$dMZ ~hþdMZ

O¡go : AÜ`m{nH$m AÜ`m{nH$mE± YoZw YoZwE±

AmË_m AmË_mE± ~hÿ ~hwE±

H$Wm H$WmE± ^mdZm ^mdZmE±

(I) {d^{ŠV g{hV g§kmAm| H$mo ~hþdMZ ~ZmZo Ho$ {Z`_-

(i) "Am|' H$m g_mdoe-g§kmAm| Ho$ A§{V_ dU© "A' VWm "Am' Ho$ ñWmZ na "Am|' hmo OmVm h¡& O¡go-

Ia~yOm Ia~yOm| ~§Xa ~§Xam|

Ka Kam| ~y‹T>m ~y‹T>m|

Kmo‹S>m Kmo‹S>m| _yyI© _yIm]

(ii) "Am' go g_má hmoZo dmbo {OZ eãXm| Ho$ {d^{ŠV-a{hV ê$nm| Ho$ ~hþdMZ _| H$moB© n[adV©Z Zht hmoVm, CZHo$ {d^{ŠV-g{hV ê$nmo§ Ho$ A§V _| ~hþdMZ ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE "Am|' àË`` bJVm h¡& O¡go -

amOm amOmAm| _mVm _mVmAm|

bVm bVmAm| `moÕm `moÕmAm|

(iii) CH$mam§V `m D$H$mam§V eãXm| Ho$ A§V _| "Am|' bJmH$a ~hþdMZ ~ZmE OmVo h¢& Eogr pñW{V _| "D$' H$m õñd "C' hmo OmVm h¡&

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

200

O¡go -

Jwé JwéAm| ^mby ^mbwAm|

S>mHy$ S>mHww$Am| dYy dYwAm|

~hþ ~hþAm|

(iv) Amo-"A' Am¡a "Am' go g_má hmoZo dmbo eãXm| _| g§~moYZ H$aVo g_` A§{V_ ñda ~XbH$a "Amo' hmo OmVm h¡& O¡go -

H$Ý`m H$Ý`mAmo! b‹S>H$m b‹S>H$mo!

~hZ ~hZmo! bmoJ bmoJmo!

(v) `m§o-"B' VWm "B©' - go A§V hmoZo dmbo {d^{ŠV- `wŠV ~hþdMZ _| "`m|' bJVm h¡& Eogr pñW{V _| "B©' H$m õñd "B' hmo OmVm h¡& O¡go -

H$hmZr H$hm{Z`m| _w{Z _w{Z`m|§

Jbr J{b`m| am{Ì am{Ì`m|

Jm‹S>r Jm{‹S>`m| b‹S>H$s b‹S>{H$`m|

(vi) `mo-g§~moYZ H$aVo g_` BH$mam§V eãXm| _| "`mo' H$m g_mdoe hmo OmVm h¡& O¡go -

_w{Z _w{Z`mo! ^mB© ^mB`mo !

b‹S>H$s b‹S>{H$`mo ! {gnmhr {gnm{h`mo ! *****

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

201

{deofU (Adjective)

{ZåZ{b{IV dmŠ`m| _| aoIm§{H$V eãXm| (nXm|) na Ü`mZ Xr{OE :

1. _XZ H$mbr H$_rµO nhZH$a ñHy$b Am`m&

2. _oam N>moQ>m ^mB© ~hþV eamaVr h¡&

3. AmnHo$ {bE do _rR>o g§Vao boH$a AmE h¢&

Cn`w©ŠV dmŠ`m| _| "H$mbr', "N>moQ>m' VWm "_rR>o' eãX AnZr-AnZr g§kmAm| Ho$ JwU ~Vm aho h¢ {H$ H$_rµO H$m a§J H$mbm h¡, ^mB© N>moQ>m h¡ VWm g§Vamo§ H$m ñdmX _rR>m h¡& "nm±M brQ>a', "Wmo‹S>r - gr' eãX AnZr-AnZr g§kmAm| H$m n[a_mU (_mÌm) ~Vm ahr h¢& "Xg-~mah' go _µOXÿam| H$s g§»`m H$m nVm Mb ahm h¡ VWm "_oam' ~oQ>o Ho$ {df` _| ~Vm ahm h¡ {H$ dh {H$gH$m ~oQ>m h¡& H$hZo H$m VmËn`© h¡ {H$ o g_ñV eãX {H$gr-Z-{H$gr ê$n _| AnZo AmJo AmZo dmbr g§kmAm| H$s {H$gr-Z-{H$gr {deofVm H$mo àH$Q> H$a aho h¢& ì`mH$aU _| `o eãX g§km Ho$ nyd© bJH$a CgH$s {deofVm ~VmVo h¢& AV… BÝh| "{deofU' H$hm OmVm h¡&

Omo eãX g§km `m gd©Zm_ H$s {deofVm (JwU, g§»`m, _mÌm `m n[a_mU Am{X) ~VmVo h¢, "{deofU' H$ho OmVo h¢&

{deofU eãX {Og eãX (g§km m gd©Zm_) H$s {deofVm ~VmVo h¢, CZ eãXm| H$mo "{deoî`' Ho$ Zm_ go OmZm OmVm h¡& O¡go-b‹S>H$s, gabm, aKw, dh Am{X&

Bg àH$ma h_ nmVo h¢ {H$ {deofU Ho$ à`moJ go {deoî` dñVw H$m `WmW© n[aM` Vmo {_bVm hr h¡, gmW hr gmW ^mfm ^r à^mdembr hmo

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

202

OmVr h¡& "{deofU' ì`{ŠV, n«mUr, dñVw, Am{X H$m ñdê$n ñnï> H$a, Cgo CgHo$ dJ© go AbJ Xem©H$a CgH$s {deofVmAm| H$m n[aM` XoVm h¡&

{deofU Ho$ ^oX

AW© H$s Ñ{ï> go {deofU Ho$ _w»` Mma ^oX h¢ :

{deofU

JwUdmMH$ {deofU

g§»`mdmMH$ {deofU

n[a_mUdmMH$ {deofU

gmd©Zm{_H${deofU

{ZpíMV g§§»`mdmMH$

A{ZpíMV g§§»`mdmMH$

{ZpíMV n[a_mUdmMH

A{ZpíMV n[a_mUdmMH$

1. JwUdmMH$ {deofU

2. g§»`mdmMH$ {deofU

3. n[a_mUdmMH$ {deofU

4. gmd©Zm{_H$ {deofU

1. JwUdmMH$ {deofU-g§km `m gd©Zm_ Ho$ JwU `m Xmof H$m ~moY H$amZo dmbo eãX "JwUdmMH$ {deofU' H$hbmVo h¢& O¡go - dh ì`[º$ X`mdmZ h¢& AÝ` Hw$N> CXm : AÀN>m, XmZr, H$mbm, b§~m Am{X&

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

203

JwUdmMH$ {deofU Ho$ A§VJ©V {ZåZ{b{IV àH$ma Ho$ {deofU

nmE OmVo h¢:

1. JwU~moYH$ - AÀN>m, XmZr, Ý`m`r, H¥$nmbw&

2. Xmof~moYH$ - PyR>m, nmnr, Xþï>, H§$Oyg, A{^_mZr&

3. ñdmX~moYH$ - IQ²>Q>m, _rR>m, H$‹S>dm, VrIm, Z_H$sZ&

4. J§Y~moYH$ - Iwe~yXma, gwJ§{YV, XþJª{YV, ~X~yXma&

5. a§J~moYH$ - H$mbm, nrbm, gwZham, Zrbm, ham&

6. AmH$ma~moYH$ - _moQ>m, b§~m, N>moQ>m, Mm¡H$moa, Jmob&

7. ñne©~moYH$ - H$R>moa, Za_, JwXmJwXm, _wbm`_, Za_, g»V&

8. Üd{Z~moYH$ - _Ywa, H$H©$e&

9. H$mb~moYH$ - H$b, nagm|, nwamZr, àmMrZ, ZdrZ,

j{UH$, X¡{ZH$, gmám{hH$, _m{gH &

10. ñWmZ~moYH$ - J«m_rU, ehar, {dXoer, O`nwar, MrZr&

11. Xem~moYH$ - amoJr, {ZamoJr, é½U, ~r_ma, {~J‹S>m hþAm&

12. pñW{V~moYH$ - AJbm, {nN>bm, nhbm, nm±Mdm±, A§{V_&

13. {Xem~moYH$ - nydu, npíM_r, CËVar, ^rVar, ~mhar&

14. AdñWm~moYH$ - Jrbm, gyIm, Z_, ewîH$, Vbm hþþAm,

Obm hþAm&

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

204

2. g§»`mdmMH$ {deofU - {OZ {deofU eãXm| go g§km `m gd©Zm_ H$s g§»`m H$m ~moY hmoVm h¡, dh "g§»`mdmMH$ {deofU' H$hbmVo h¢& g§»`mdmMH$ {deofU Ho$ Xmo ^oX h¢ :

(H$) {ZpíMV g§§»`mdmMH$ (I) A{ZpíMV g§§»`mdmMH$

(H$) {ZpíMV g§§»`mdmMH$ - {OZgo {ZpíMV g§»`m H$m ~moY hmoVm h¡, do "{ZpíMV g§§»`mdmMH$ {deofU' H$hbmVo h¢& O¡go-Xg {dX²`mWu, nm±M

Ho$bo, Mma d¥j Am{X&

(I) A{ZpíMV g§§»`mdmMH$ - BZgo {Z[íMV g§»`m H$m ~moY Zht hmoVm& O¡go -Hw$N> Am_, Wmo‹S>o Ho$bo, Hw$N> b‹S>Ho$, H$B© Xe©H$ Am{X&

3. n[a_mUdmMH$ - _mÌm `m Vmob ~VmZo dmbo {deofUm| H$mo "n[a_mUdmMH$ {deofU' H$hVo h¢& O¡go-Xg {H$bmo Mmdb, Mma {H$bmo AmQ>m, Mma JµO µO_rZ, Wmo‹S>m AZmµO Am{X&

n[a_mUdmMH$ {deofU Ho$ ^r Xmo ^oX h¢ -(H$) {ZpíMV n[a_mUdmMH$, (I) A{ZpíMV n[a_mUdmMH$

(H$) {ZpíMV n[a_mUdmMH$ - {OZ eãXm| go {ZpíMV n[a_mU H$m ~moY hmoVm h¡, do "{ZpíMV n[a_mUdmMH$' {deofU H$hbmVo h¢& O¡go-Mma {H$bmo Xmb, Xmo _rQ>a H$n‹S>m Am{X&

(I) A{ZpíMV n[a_mUdmMH$ {deofU - {OZ eãXm| go n[a_U H$s A{ZpíMVVm H$m ~moY hmo, do A{ZpíMV n[a_mUdmMH$ {deofU H$hbmVo h¢& O¡go-Hw$N> Xmb, Wmo‹S>m AmQ>m, ~hþV MrZr Am{X&

g§»`mdmMH$ {deofU Am¡a n[a_mUdmMH$ {deofU _| A§Va - g§»`mdmMH$ {deofU H$m à`moJ JUZr` dñVwAm| Ho$ {bE hmoVm h¡, O~H$s

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

205

n[a_mUdmMH$ {deofU H$m à`moJ AJUZr` dñVwAm| Ho$ {bE {H$`m OmVm h¡& go~, n|{gb, b‹S>Ho$ Am{X JUZr` dñVw h¢ Vmo Mmdb, H$n‹S>m, ‹O_rZ Am{X AJUZr` dñVw&

4. gmd©Zm{_H$ {deofU - {OZ gd©Zm_m| H$m à`moJ {deofU Ho$ ê$n _| hmoVm h¡, do gmd©Zm{_H$ {deofU H$hbmVo h¢& O¡go -

dh b‹S>H$m ^bm h¡&

H$moB© ñÌr X²dma na AmH$a I‹S>r h¡&

`h nwñVH$ Vwåhmar h¡&

BZ dmŠ`m| _| dh, H$moB©, VWm `h gd©Zm_ hmoVo hþE ^r {deofU Ho$ ê$n _| à`wŠV {H$E JE h¢& Bg{bE `o gmd©Zm{_H$ {deofU H$hbmVo h¢& nwéfdmMH$ (_¢, h_, Vy, Vw_) VWm {ZOdmMH$ (Amn) gd©Zm_m| Ho$ Abmdm eof g^r gd©Zm_, gmd©Zm{_H$ ê$n _| à`moJ _| bmE OmVo h¢& nm`m OmVm h¡ {H$ nwéfdmMH$ VWm {ZOdmMH$ gd©Zm_ Ho$ g§~§YH$maH$s` ê$n {deofU Ho$ g_mZ à`wº$ {H$E Om gH$Vo h¢& O¡go-_¢ go _oam, _oar; Vw_ go Vwåhmam, Vwåhmar VWm h_ go h_mam, h_mar&

5. gmd©Zm{_H$ {deofU VWm gd©Zm_ - Hw$N> bmoJ gd©Zm_ VWm gmd©Zm{_H$ {deofUm| _| A§Va Zht H$aVo& dñVwV: XmoZm| ê$n-aMZm Ho$ ñVa na g_mZ hmoVo h¢, Ho$db dmŠ` _| à`moJ Ho$ ñVa na XmoZm| _| A§Va hmo OmVm h¡&

"gd©Zm_' Ho$ {df` _| Amn OmZVo hr h¢ {H$ `o do eãX h¢ Omo g§km Ho$ ñWmZ na à`wº$ hmoVo h¢ Am¡a dhr àH$m`© (function) H$aVo h¢ Omo dh g§km H$a ahr Wr& O¡go- "_mohZ B©_mZXma b‹S>H$m h¡& dh H$^r PyR>

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

206

Zht ~mobVm& CgHo$ {nVmOr AÜ`mnH$ h¢'& bo{H$Z O~ gd©Zm_ {H$gr g§km ({deoî`) Ho$ gmW bJH$a Cg g§km H$s {deofVm ~VmVo h¢ V~ do gmd©Zm{_H$ {deofU H$ho OmVo h¢, O¡go -

(H$) {H$gH$s {H$Vm~ Mmoar hþB© Wr?

(I) _oao ^mB© A_o[aH$m Om aho h¢&

(J) CZHo$ nmg ImZo Ho$ {bE Hw$N> ^r gm_mZ Zht h¡&

{deofU eãXm| H$s aMZm - Hw$N> eãX _yb ê$n _| hr {deofU hmoVo h¢& bo{H$Z Hw$N> eãXm| (g§km, gd©Zm_ VWm {H«$`m) H$s aMZm CngJ© VWm àË`` bJmH$a H$s OmVr h¡& O¡go-df© go dm{f©H$, A§H$ go A§{H$V, nwîn go nwpînV&

CngJmoª go {deofU aMZm

eãX _| "A' Omo‹S>H$a :

A + g_W© = Ag_W©, A`mo½`, A~moY&

eãX _| "g' Omo‹S>H$a :

g + nyV = gnyV, gOb, g\$b, gOrd&

{Z Omo‹S>H$a :

"{Z': + Xmof = {ZXm}f, {Z_©_, {ZJ©wU, {Z_©b, {ZîRw>a&

"~o' Omo‹S>H$a :

~o + B©_mZ = ~oB©_mZ, ~odHy$\$, ~oMmam, ~oH$gya&

"bm' Omo‹S>H$a :

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

207

bm + BbmO = bmBbmO, bmMma, bmdm[ag, bmOdm~&

àË``m| go {deofU aMZm

eãX {deofU eãX - {deofU

BH$ Y_© - Ym{_©H$ Ab§H$ma - Amb§H$m[aH$

AmË_m - AmpË_H$ bmoH$ - bm¡{H$H$

H$éUm - H$mé{UH$ g§àXm` - gm§àXm{`H$

_mg - _m{gH$ BÀN>m - Eo{ÀN>H$

ZJa - ZmJ[aH$ gámh - gmám{hH$

n[adma - n[adm[aH$ _wI - _m¡{IH$

nj - nm[jH$

BV² Üd{Z - Üd{ZV An_mZ - An_m{ZV

bú` - b[jV `moOZm - `mo{OV

Cnojm - Cno[jV Va§J - Va§{JV

{H«$`m

{Og eãX go H$m`© H$m H$aZm `m hmoZm nm`m OmE, Cgo {H«$`m H$hVo h¢& O¡go :

(H$) ~{~Vm ImZm Im ahr h¡& (I) ~ÀMo Iob aho h¢&

`{X BZ dmŠ`m| Ho$ gmW h_ "Š`m H$aVm h¡' `m "Š`m H$a ahm h¡'? Am{X àíZm| H$mo Omo‹S>H$a CZH$m CÎma T>±yT|> Vmo H«$_e: "ImZm Im ahr h¡'

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

208

VWm "Iob aho h¢' CÎma àmá hm|Jo& Bg àH$ma `h H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ dmŠ` H$m Omo A§e BZ àíZm| H$m CÎma XoVm h¡, Cgo {H«$`m H$hVo h¢& {~Zm {H«$`m Ho$ H$moB© ^r dmŠ` nyU© Zht hmoVm& {H«$`m H$mo XoIH$a hr H$Vm© `m H$_© H$m AZw_mZ bJm`m Om gH$Vm h¡& H$Vm© EH$dMZ h¡ `m ~hþdMZ, nw{ëb§J h¡ `m órqbJ, gOrd h¡ `m {ZOud, CÎm_ nwéf _|, _Ü`_ nwéf _| `m AÝ` nwéf _| h¡, BgH$s OmZH$mar ^r {H«$`m Ho$ X²dmam hr hmoVr h¡& H$mb H$m kmZ ^r {H«$`m go hr hmoVm h¡&

YmVw - YmVw H$m AW© h¡ : _yb `m ~rOmja& {H$gr {H«$`m Ho$ {d{^Þ ê$nm| _| Omo A§e g_mZ ê$n go {_bVm h¡, Cgo Cg {H«$`m H$s YmVw H$hm OmVm h¡& Bg àH$ma ""{H«$`m Ho$ _yb ê$n "H$mo' YmVw H$hVo h¢''& {Og àH$ma gmoZm, Mm±Xr, Am{X YmVwAm| go hma, H§$JZ, Pw_Ho$, ~m{b`m±, ZW, BË`m{X Am^yfU ~ZmE OmVo h¢, Cgr àH$ma "Mb' YmVw go MbZm, Mbm, Mbo, Mbmo, Mb|Jo; "n‹T>' YmVw go n‹T>Zm, n‹T>o, n‹T>oJm, BË`m{X {H«$`m nX ê$n ~ZmE OmVo h¢& Am, Om, Im, nr, Mb, gwZ, XoI, n‹T>, Am{X àË`oH$ YmVw Ho$ _yb ê$n _| "Zm' Omo‹S>H$a {H«$`m H$m gm_mÝ` ê$n ~Zm`m OmVm h¡& O¡go-AmZm, OmZm, ImZm, nrZm, MbZm, gwZZm, XoIZm, n‹T>Zm, Am{X& `o "{H«$`mE± g§km' H$m ^r H$m_ H$aVr h¢ Am¡a H$_© H$m ^r& Eogo ê$nm| H$mo {H«$`mW©H$ g§km H$hm OmVm h¡& BZ {H«$`mAm| _| go "Zm' {ZH$mb XoZo go {H«$`m nwZ… YmVw _| n[ad{V©V hmo OmVr h¡&

n‹T> + Zm = n‹T>Zm, _ma + Zm = _maZm, CR> + Zm = CR>Zm&

_yb YmVw H$m à`moJ _mÌ "Vy' Ho$ gmW AmkmW©H$ {H«$`m Ho$ ê$n _| hr {H$`m OmVm h¡& O¡go-Vy _oao gmW Mb; Vy ImZm Im; Vy H$hmZr gwZ& Hw$N> YmVwAm| H$m à`moJ ewX²Y ^mddmMH$ g§km H$s Vah hmoVm h¡ O¡go-g_P, byQ>, S>a, _ma, _m±J, Am{X&

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

209

CXmhaU :

(H$) `h ~mV CgH$s g_P _| Zht AmB©&

(I) Mmoa Ka H$mo byQ> H$a Mbo JE&

{H«$`m H$s aMZm

{H«$`m H$s aMZm VrZ àH$ma Ho$ eãXm| go hmoVr h¡ :

YmVw go - n‹T> = n‹T>Zm, n‹T>Vm&

Im = ImZm, ImVm, Im`m&

g§km go - Ambñ` = AbgmZm, AbgmVm&

\$aH$ma = \$Q>H$maZm, \$Q>H$maVm&

{deofU go - {Q>_{Q>_ = {Q>_{Q>_mVm, {Q>_{Q>_mZm&

{^Z{^Z = {^Z{^ZmZm, {^Z{^ZmVm&

à`moJ Ho$ AmYma na {H«$`m Ho$ ^oX -

gH$_©H$ AH$_©H$

EH$H$_©H$ {ÛH$_©H$

à`moJ H$o AmYma na {H«$`m Ho$ ^oX

à`moJ Ho$ AmYma na {H«$`m Ho$ _w»` Xmo ^oX h¢ :

1. gH$_©H$ 2. AH$_©H$

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

210

1. gH$_©H$ - gH$_©H$ H$m AW© h¡ - H$_© Ho$ gmW& {Og {H«$`m H$m \$b H$Vm© H$mo N>mo‹S>H$a H$_© na n‹S>o, dh {H«$`m gH$_©H$ {H«$`m H$hbmVr h¡, O¡go-~ÀMm XÿY nr ahm h¡&

amYm {H$Vm~ n‹T> ahr h¡&

BZ dmŠ`m| Ho$ H$Vm© Am¡a {H«$`m Ho$ ~rM `{X "Š`m' àíZ {H$`m OmE, Vmo CËVa ñdê$n H«$_e: "XÿY' VWm "{H$Vm~' AmVo h¢& O¡go - ~ÀMm Š`m nr ahm h¡, XÿY; amYm Š`m n‹T> ahr h¡, "{H$Vm~' gH$_©H$ {H«$`m H$s g~go ~‹S>r nhMmZ `hr h¡&

H$_© Ho$ AmYma na gH$_©H$ {H«$`m Ho$ {ZåZ{b{IV Xmo ^oX h¢ :

(H$) EH$H$_©H$ - {Og {H«$`m H$m _mÌ EH$ hr H$_© hmoVm h¡, dh "EH$H$_©H$' {H«$`m H$hbmVr h¡& O¡go :

amYm H$‹nS>o Ymo ahr h¡& _m± ImZm ~Zm ahr h¡&

(I) {ÛH$_©H$ - {Og {H«$`m Ho$ Xmo H$_© hmoVo h¢, dh "{ÛH$_©H$ {H«$`m' H$hbmVr h¡& BZ Xmo H$_m] _| àW_ H$_© àmUrdmMH$ VWm {ÛH$_©H$ H$_© AàmUrdmMH$ hmoVm h¡& àmUrdmMH$ H$_© Jm¡U H$_© VWm AàmUrdmMH$ H$_© àm`: _w»` H$_© hmoVm h¡& _w»` H$_© {d^{º$ {Mh²Z am{hV VWm Jm¡U H$_© {d^{º$ {Mh²Z g{hV hmoVm h¡& O¡go :

_mbm Zo amYm H$mo nwñVH$ Xr& {nVm Zo nwÌ H$mo n¡go {XE&

BZ dmŠ`m| H$s {H«$`m Ho$ gmW `{X "Š`m', "{H$go' Am¡a "{H$gH$mo' àíZm| H$mo {H$`m OmE Vmo CÎma H«$_e: "nwñVH$' Am¡a "amYm' VWm "n¡go' Am¡a "nwÌ' AmVo h¢& O¡go - _mbm Zo amYm H$mo nwñVH$ Xr& Š`m Xr? nwñVH$ Xr& {H$go Xr? amYm H$mo Xr& {ÛH$_©H$ {H«$`m H$s g~go ~‹S>r nhMmZ `hr h¡&

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

211

Hw$N> à_wI AH$_©H$ {H«$`mE± :

AH$‹S>Zm, Sy>~Zm, AmZm, CJZm, OmZm, CN>bZm, Hy$XZm, {JaZm, ~¡R>Zm, Xm¡‹S>Zm, R>haZm, gmoZm, OmJZm, ~‹T>Zm, Am{X&

AH$_©H$ go gH$_©H$ {H«$`m ~ZmZm :

AH$_©H$ gH$_©H$ AH$_©H$ gH$_©H$

R>haZm - R>hamd Hy$XZm - Hy$Xm

boQ>Zm - boQ>mZm h±gZm - h±gr

{JaZm - {JamZm, {JamdQ> V‹S>nZm - V‹S>nmZm

Aì``

"Aì``' eãX H$m AW© h¡, {Og eãX H$m Hw$N> ^r ì`` Z hmoVm hmo& AV… Aì`` do eãX h¢ {OZHo$ ê$n _| qbJ, dMZ, nwéf, H$mb, Am{X ì`mH$a{UH$ H$mo{Q>`m| Ho$ à^md go H$moB© n[adV©Z Zht hmoVm& AV… Aì`` eãXm| H$mo A{dH$mar eãX ^r H$hm OmVm h¡& AmO, H$b, VoO, Yrao, Amoh, qH$Vw, na, Vm{H$ Am{X Aì`` Ho$ CXmhaU h¢&

Aì`` eãXm| Ho$ ^oX

{H«$`m{deofU g§~§Y~moYH$ g_wÀM`~moYH$ {dñ_`m{X~moYH$ {ZnmV

Aì``

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

212

1. {H«$`m{deofU

{ZåZ{b{IV dmŠ`m| _| _moQ>o eãXm| na Ü`mZ Xr{OE -

(H$) ~ÀMo Yrao-Yrao Mb aho Wo&

(I) do bmoJ amV H$mo nhÿ±Mo &

(J) Amn `hm± ~¡{R>E&

(Y) ~ÀMm ~hþV amo`m&

_moQ>o eãX, {H«$`m Ho$ nhbo bJH$a CgH$s {deofVm àH$Q> H$a aho h¢& AV…

H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$

do A{dH$mar (Aì``) eãX Omo {H«$`m H$s {deofVm àH$Q> H$aVo h¢,

{H«$`m{deofU H$ho OmVo h¢&

{H«$`m H$s {deofVm àm`: Mma àH$ma go ~VmB© OmVr h¡& {H«$`m {H$g ar{V

go g§nÞ hmo ahr h¡, O¡go - Yrao-Yrao; Vo‹Or go& H$hm± K{Q>V hmo ahr h¡,

O¡go - `hm±, dhm±& H$~ K{Q>V hmo ahr h¡, O¡go - em_ H$mo, gw~h H$mo,

amV H$mo& BgHo$ Abmdm {H«$`m H$s _mÌmJV {deofVm ^r Wmo‹S>m, ~hþV,

H$m‹\$s Am{X eãXm| go ~VmB© Om gH$Vr h¡& BÝht AmYmam| na {H«$`m{deofU

Ho$ Mma ^oX hmo OmVo h¢ -

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

213

ar{VdmMH$ ñWmZdmMH$ H$mbdmMH$ n[a_mUdmMH${H«$`m{deofU {H«$`m{deofU {H«$`m{deofU {H«$`m{deofU

{H«$`m{deofU

i) ar{VdmMH$ ii) ñWmZdmMH$

iii) H$mbdmMH$ iv) n[a_mUdmMH$

i) ar{VdmMH$ {H«$`m{deofU - {OZ {H«$`m{deofUm| go {H«$`m Ho$

K{Q>V hmoZo H$s {d{Y `m ar{V go g§~§{YV {deofVm H$m nVm MbVm h¡, do

ar{VdmMH$ {H«$`m{deofU H$hbmVo h¢& BgH$s nhMmZ Ho$ {bE {H«$`m na

"H¡$go/{H$g àH$ma' Ho$ àíZ H$aZo Mm{hE& BZHo$ CÎma _| Omo eãX àmá

hmoVm h¡, dh "ar[VdmMH$ {H«$`m{deofU' h¡& O¡go -"Jm‹S>r Vo‹O Mb ahr

h¡' dmŠ` _| `{X nyN>m OmE H¡$go Mb ahr h¡? Vmo CÎma {_boJm "Vo‹O'&

AV… "Vo‹O' ar{VdmMH$ {H«$`m{deofU h¡& ar{VdmMH$ {H«$`m{deofU eãXm|

Ho$ AÝ` CXmhaU h¢ - AMmZH$, Vo‹Or go, ^br-^m±{V, OëXr go Am{X&

Xo{IE Hw$N> dmŠ` -

(H$) Jm‹S>r ßboQ>\$m_© na AMmZH$ Am JB©&

(I) _¢ CZgo ^br-^m±{V n[a{MV h±ÿ&

(J) Vw_ Vmo PQ>nQ> H$m_ H$amo&

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

214

ii) ñWmZdmMH$ {H«$`m{deofU - {H«$`m Ho$ K{Q>V hmoZo Ho$ ñWmZ Ho$

{df` _| ~moY H$amZo dmbo {H«$`m{deofU eãX ñWmZdmMH$ {H«$`m{deofU

H$hbmVo h¢& O¡go-`hm±, dhm±, BYa, CYa, ZrMo, D$na, ~mha, ^rVa,

Amgnmg, Ka _|, ñQ>oeZ na Am{X&

`o Xmo àH$ma Ho$ hmoVo h¡§-

(H$) pñW{V~moYH$: O¡go-AmJo,nrN>o,Ama-nma, ^rVa, ~mha,

gd©Ì, nmg, Xÿa, `hm±, dhm± Am{X &

(I) {Xem~moYH$: O¡go-D$na H$s Amoa, ZrMo H$s Va\$,

BYa-CYa, Mmam| Amoa Am{X&

ñWmZdmMH$ {H«$`m{deofUm| H$s nhMmZ Ho$ {bE {H«$`m na "H$hm±'

àíZ H$aZm Mm{hE & BgHo$ CÎma _| Omo eãX àmá hmoVm h¡, dh

ñWmZdmMH$ {H«$`m{deofU h¡& O¡go "H$_bm D$na ~¡R>r h¡'- dmŠ` _|

`{X nyN>m OmE-H$hm± ~¡R>r h¡ ? Vmo CÎma {_boJm "D$na' & AV… "CÎma'

ñWmZdmMH$ {H«$`m{deofU h¡ &

(iii) H$mbdmMH$ {H«$`m{deofU - do eãX Omo {H«$`m Ho$ K{Q>V hmoZo

Ho$ g_` go g§~§Y {deofVm H$mo ~VmVo h¢, H$mbdmMH$ {H«$`m{deofU

H$hbmVo h¢& O¡go-AmOH$b, H$^r, à{V{XZ, amoµO, gw~h, AH$ga,

amV H$mo, Mma ~Oo, ha gmb Am{X& BZH$s nhMmZ Ho$ {bE {H«$`m

na "H$~' àíZ H$aZm Mm{hE & BgHo$ CÎma _| Omo eãX àmá hmoJm, dh

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

215

H$mbdmMH$ {H«$`m{deofU h¡ & O¡go-"Jwé Or A^r AmE h¢'- dmŠ`

_| `{X nyN>m OmE-H$~ AmE? Vmo CÎma {_boJm "A^r'& AV: "A^r'

H$mbdmMH$ {H«$`m{deofU h¡&

H$mbdmMH$ {H«$`m{deofU VrZ àH$ma Ho$ hmoVo h¢-

(i) H$mb q~XþdmMH$ : àmV:, gm`§, AmO, A^r, A~ , O~

H$^r, H$b Am{X &

(ii) Ad{YdmMH$ : h_oem, bJmVa, AmOH$b, gX¡d, {XZ^a,

{ZË` Am{X &

(iii) Ad{YdmMH$ : {ZË`, amoµO, ha ~ma, ~hwYm, à{V{XZ Am{X &

(iv) n[a_mUdmMH$ {H«$`m{deofU-{OZ {H«$`m{deofU go

{H«$`m Ho$ n[a_mU| `m _mÌm go g§~§{YV {deofVm H$m nVm MbVm h¡,

doX n[a_mUdmÀH$ {H«$`m{deofU H$hbmVo h¢ & BZ eãXm| go `h nVm

MbVm h¡ {H$ {H«$`m _mÌm _| hwB©& AV: BZH$s nhMmZ Ho$ {bE {H«$`m

na "{H$VZm/{H$VZr' àíZ H$aZm Mm{hE& Hw$N> CXmhaU XopIE-

1. dh XÿY ~hwV nrVm h¡ &

2. _¢ {OVZm ImVm hy±, CVZm _moQ>m hmoVm hy±&

3. dh Wmo‹S>m hr Mb gH$s &

BZ dmŠ`m| _| ñWybmja eãX n[a_mUdmMH$ {H«$`m{deofU h¢&

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

216

{H«$`m{deofUm| H$s aMZm - {H«$`m{deofUm| H$s aMZm Xmo àH$ma

go hmoVr h¡-

(H$) _yb {H«$`m{deofU-Hw$N> eãX _ybV: {H«$`m{deofU hr

hmoVo h¢, AWm©V² {H$gr AÝ` eãX AWdm àË`` Ho$ `moJ Ho$ {~Zm hr

à`moJ _| bmE OmVo h¢ & O¡go-AmO, H$b, `ht, BYa, D$na, ZrMo,

R>rH$, Mmho Am{X &

(I) `m¡{JH$ {H«$`m{deofU-Hw$N> {H«$`m{deofUm| H$s aMZm

{H$gr Xÿgao eãX _| àË`` bJmH$a hmoVr h¡& BÝh| `m¡{JH$ {H«$`m{deofU

H$hVo h¢ & O¡go-`Wm + e{º$ = `Wme{º$, ào_ + nyd©H$=ào_nyd©H$,

ñd^md + V: - ñd^mdV:, AZ + OmZo- AZOmZo, {XZ + amV-

{XZamV, Yrao-Yrao, amV^a Am{X &

{deof- `X²`{n {H«$`m{deofU A{dH$mar eãX h¢ VWm{n H$^r-

H$^r {H«$`m{deofU eãXm| _| ^r Hw$N> n[adV©Z Am OmVm h¡ & O¡go-

(H$) Am_ AÀN>m nH$m h¡& brMr AÀN>r nH$s h¡ &

(I) H$moQ> AÀN>m Ywbm h¡& gm‹S>r AÀN>r Ywbr h¡ &

{H«$`m{deofU g§~§Yr Hw$N> _hËdnyU© q~Xþ :

* Hw$N> eãX Vmo _ybV: {H«$`m{deofU hr hmoVo h¢& H$b, AmO,

A~, V~, hm±, dhm±, D$na, ZrMo, h_oem Am{X & na§Vw Hw$N> AÝ` eãXm|

_| àË`` bJmH$a `m g_mg X²dmam ^r ~ZmE OmVo h¢ O¡go-AZOmZo,

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

217

Ü`mZnyd©H$ Am{X & Eogo {H«$`m{deofU `m¡{JH$ {H«$`m{deofU H$hbmVo h¢ &

* AZoH$ eãX Eogo h¢ Omo {deofU VWm {H«$`m{deofU XmoZm| hr

ê$nm| _| àVwº$ hmoVo h¢ & AV: à`moJ Ho$ AmYma na hr h {ZU©` H$aZm

Mm{hE {H$ A_wH$ eãX {H«$`m{deofU h¡ `m {H«$`m{deofU & O¡go-

1. _wPo _rR>m Ho$bm ~hwV ng§X h¡& ({deofU)

2. dh ~hwV _rR>m JmVr h¡ & ({H«$`m{deofU)

3. dh EH$ AÀN>r b‹S>H$s h¡ & ({deofU)

4. dh _wPo AÀN>r bJVr h¡ & ({H«$`m{deofU)

* {Og àH$ma {deofUm| H$s {deofVm ~VmZo dmbo {H«$`m{deofU

eãX {deofUm| Ho$ nhbo bJVo h¢ Cgr Vah go à{deofUm| H$m à`moJ ~r

{H«$`m{deofUm| Ho$ nhbo {H$`m OmVm h¡& O¡go -

1. ~ÀMm ~hþV VoµOr go Xm¡‹S> ahm Wm&

2. AmO CgZo Wmo‹S>m H$_ Im`m&

qhXr _| H$mbdmMH$, arVrdmMH$ VWm ñWmZdmMH$ {H«$`m{deofUm|

H$m à`moJ EH$ hr dmŠ` _|

g§^d h¡ O¡go -

do em_ H$mo H$ma go Ka nhw±M|Jo &

H$mbdmMH$ ar{VdmMH$ ñWmZdmMH$

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

218

g_wÀM`~moYH$

Omo Aì`` nX EH$ eãX H$m Xÿgao eãX go, EH$ dmŠ` H$m Xÿgao

dmŠ` go AWdm EH$ dmŠ`m§e H$m Xÿgao dmŠ`m§e go g§~§Y Omo‹S>Vo h¢,

do "g_wƒ`~moYH$ Aì``' `m "`moOH$' H$hmbmVo h¢ & O¡go-

amYm AmO AmEJr Am¡a H$b Mbr OmEJr &

g_wƒ`~moYH$ Ho$ Xmo à_wI ^oX h¢:

1. g_mZm{YH$aU g_wƒ`~moYH$

2. ì`m{YH$aU g_wƒ`~moYH$

g_wƒ`~moYH$

g_mZm{YH$aU g_wƒ`~moYH$ g_wƒ`~moYH$ ì`m{YH$aU

g§`moOH$ {d^mOH$ {damoYgyMH$ n[aUm_gyMH$

hoVw~moYH$ g§Ho$V~moYH$ ñdê$n~moYH$ CX²Xoí`~moYH$

1. g_mZm{YH$aU g_wƒ`~moYH$ Aì`` Ho$ {ZåZ{bpIV Mma

^oX h¢:

(A) g§`moOH$ (I) {d^mOH$ (J) {damoYgyMH$ (K) n[aUm_gyMH$

(H$) g§`moOH$ - Omo Aì`` nX Xmo eãXm|, dmŠ`m§em| `m g_mZ dJ©

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

219

Ho$Xmo CndmŠ`m| _| g§ moJ àH$Q> H$aVo h¢, do "g§ moOH$' H$hmbmVo h¢&

O¡go-Am¡a, VWm, Ed§ Am{X&

(i) am_ Am¡a í`m_ ^mB©-^mB© h¢&

(ii) B{Vhmg Ed§ ^yJmob XmoZm| H$m AÜ``Z H$amo &

(iii) \w$Q>dmb VWm hmH$s XmoZmo _¡M Ioby±Jm &

(I) {d^mOH$ `m {dH$ën-Omo Aì`` nX eãXm|, dmŠ`m| `m

dmŠ`m§em| _| {dH$ën àH$Q> H$aVo h¢, do "{dH$ën' `m "{d^mOH$'

H$hbmVo h¢& O¡go-{H$, Mmho, AWdm, AÝ`Wm, `m, Zht, Vmo &

(i) Vw_ T>§J go n‹T>mo AÝ`Wm \o$b hmo OmAmoJo &

(ii) Mmho `o Xo Xmo Mmho dmo &

(J) {damoYgyMH$-Omo Aì`` nX nhbo dmŠ` Ho$ AW© go {damoY àH$Q>

H$a|, do "{damoYgyMH$' H$hmbmVo h¢& O¡go-na, na§Vw, qH$Vw&

(i) amo{Q>`m± _moQ>r qH$Vw ñdm{Xï> Wt &

(ii) dh Am`m na§Vw Xoa go&

(iii) _¢ Vmo Mbm OmD$±Jm, bo{H$Z Vwåh| ^r AmZm n‹S>oJm&

(K) n[aUm_gyMH$-O~ Aì`` nX {H$gr n[aUm_ H$s Amoa g§Ho$V

H$aVm h¢ Vmo "n[aUm_gyMH$ Aì``' H$hbmVm h¡& O¡go-Bg{bE, AVEd,

AV:, {Oggo, {Og H$maU&

(i) Vw_Zo _Zm {H$`m Wm Bg{bE _¢ Zht Am`m &

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

220

(ii) _¢Zo `h H$m_ IË_ H$a {X`m {Oggo {H$ Vwåh| Amam_

{_b gHo$&

2. ì`m{YH$aU g_wÀM`~moYH$ Aì``-do g§`moOH$ Omo

EH$ _w»` dmŠ` _| EH$ `m AZoH$ Am{lV CndmŠ`m| H$mo Omo‹S>Vo h¢,

"ì`m{YH$aU g_wƒ`~moYH$' H$hbmVo h¢& O¡go-`{X _ohZV H$amoJo Vmo

\$b nmAmoJo &

ì`m{YH$aU g_wƒ`~moYH$ Ho$ _w»` Mma ^oX h¢&

(i) hoVw~moYH$ `m H$maU~moYH$,

(ii) g§Ho$V~moYH$,

(iii) ñdê$n~moYH$,

(iv) CX²Xoí`~moYH$ &

(H$) hoVw~moYH$ m H$maU~moYH$-Bg Aì`` Ho$ X²dmam dmŠ`

_| H$m`©-H$maU H$m ~moY ñnï> hmoVm h¡& O¡go-Š`m|{H$, My§{H$, Bg{bE,

{H$, Am{X&

(i) dh Ag_W© h¡ Š`m|{H$ dh n‹T>Vm Zht h¡ &

(ii) My±{H$ _wPo dhm± OëXr nhw±MZm h¡, Bg{bE OëXr OmZm

hmoJm&

(I) g§Ho$V~moYH$-àW_ CndmŠ` Ho$ `moOH$ H$m g§Ho$V AJbo

CndmŠ` _| nm`m OmVm h¡& `o àm`: Omo‹S>o _| à`wº$ hmoVo h¢& O¡go-Omo....

Vmo, `X²`{n....VWm{n, Mmho...na, O¡go.....V¡go&

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

221

(i) Á`m|hr _¢Zo XadmOm Imobm Ë`m|hr {~„r A§Xa Kwg AmB© &

(ii) `X²`{n dh ~w{Õ_mZ h¡ VWm{n Ambgr ^r &

(J) ñdê$n~moYH$-{OZ Aì`` nXm| H$mo nhbo CndmŠ` _|

à`wº$ eãX, dmŠ`m§e `m dmŠ` H$mo ñnï> H$aZo hoVw à`moJ _| bm`m

OmE, Cgo "ñdê$n~moYH$' H$hVo h¢ & O¡go - `mZr, AWm©V², `hm± VH$

{H$, _mZmo Am{X &

(i) dh BVZr gw§Xa h¡ _mZmo Aßgam hmo &

(ii) _m± Zo H$hm {H$ A~ ImZm Im bmo &

(K) CX²Xoí`~moYH$-{OZ Aì`` nXm| go H$m`© H$aZo H$m

CX²Xoí` àH$Q> hmo, do "CX²Xoí`~moYH$' H$hbmVo h¢& O¡go-{Oggo {H$,

Vm{H$ Am{X &

(i) dh ~hwV _ohZV H$a ahm h¡ Vm{H$ g\$b hmo gHo$&

(ii) _ohZV H$amo {Oggo {H$ àW_ Am gH$mo &

g§~§Y~moYH$ Aì``

Omo Aì`` eãX g§km `m gd©Zm_ Ho$ ~mX à`wº$ hmoH$a dmŠ` _|

Xÿgao eãXm| go CgH$m g§~§Y ~VmVo h¢, CÝh| "g§~§Y~moYH$' `m "nagJ©'

H$hVo h¢& O¡go-

(i) pñ_Vm Ka Ho$ ^rVa ~¡R>r h¡ &

(ii) erV Ho$ H$maU Jar~ H$m ~wam hmb Wm&

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

222

`hm± h_ nmVo h¢ {H$ BZ dmŠ`m| _| "Ho$ ^rVa' VWm "Ho$ H$maU'

eãX g§~§Y~moYH$ Aì`` h¢& BÝh| nagJu` eãX ^r H$hm Om gH$Vm

h¢& bo{H$Z g§~§Y~moYH$ Aì`` nagJ© a{hV ^r hmoVo h¢& O¡go-_¢ amV

^a OmJVm ahm& Bg àH$ma g§~§Y~moYH$ Aì`` Ho$ Xmo ê$n h_mao gm_Zo

AmVo h¢ :

(H$) nagJ© g{hV-Ho$ ~mao, Ho$ g_mZ, Ho$ {gdm & (I) nagJ©

a{hV-^a, {~Zm, nhbo, _mÌ, Anojm &

Bg àH$ma-nhbo, gm_Zo, AmJo, nmg, nao, X²dmam, {~Zm D$na,

ZrMo, ^rVa, A§Xa, Amoa, _Ü`, ~rM _|, ~mX, {ZH$Q>, H$maU, gmW,

{déX²Y, nümV², garIm, à{VHy$b, _mÌ, Cnojm, _m\©$V Am{X g§~§Y~moYH$

Aì`` H$s H$mo{Q> _| AmVo h¢&

AW© Ho$ AZwgma g§~§Y~moYH$ Aì`` Ho$ Hw$b AmR> ^oX h¢&

1. H$mb~moYH$, 2. ñWmZ~moYH$, 3. {Xem~moYH$,

4. gmYZ~moYH$ 5. {df`~moYH$ 6. gmX¥í`~moYH$,

7. {_ÌVm~moYH$, 8. {damoY~moYH$&

1. H$mb~moYH$-{OZ Aì`` eãXm| go H$mb H$m ~moY hmo, do

"H$mb~moYH$ Aì``' H$hmbmVo h¢ & O¡go- go nhbo, Ho$ bJ^J, Ho$

nümV²&

(i) Q²>oZ g_` go nhbo Am JB© &

(ii) CgHo$ OmZo Ho$ bJ^J EH$ N>§Q>o ~mX OmD$±Jm&

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

223

2. ñWmZ~moYH$- {OZ Aì`` eãXm| go ñWmZ H$m ~moY hmo, do

"ñWmZ~moYH$ Aì``' H$hbmVo h¢& & O¡go-Ho$ nmg, Ho$ g_rn, go Xÿa &

(i) ñHy$b Ho$ nmg hr amOy H$m Ka h¡&

(ii) Vmbm~ Ho$ {H$Zmao hr ~JrMm h¡&

3. {Xem~moYH$-{OZ Aì`` eãXm| go {Xem H$m ~moY hmo, Cgo

"{Xem~moYH$ Aì``' H$hVo h¢& O¡go-H$s Am¡a, Ho$ Amg-nmg &

(i) AmJ H$s Amoa _V OmZm &

(ii) Ka Ho$ Amg-nmg hr ahZm &

4. gmYZ~moYH$ Aì``-{OZ Aì`` eãXm| go gmYZ Ho ~moY

hmo, CÝh| "gmYZ~moYH$ Aì``' H$hVo h¢ & O¡go-Ho$ X²dmam, Ho$ µO[aE,

Ho$ _m\©$V &

(i) AmnHo$ AmZo H$s gyMZm í`m_ Ho$ X²dmam {_br&

(ii) CgHo$ µO[aE `h H$m_ hmoJm &

5. {df`~moYH$-{OZ Aì`` eãXm| go {df` H$s OmZH$mar àmá

hmo, do "{df`~moYH$ Aì``', H$hbmVo h¢ O¡go-Ho$ ~mao, H$s ~m~V Am{X &

(i) Jm±YrOr Ho$ ~mao _| ~hwV H$hm J`m h¡&

(ii) _mohZ H$s ~m~V ~mV H$aZo Am`m hy± &

6. gmÑeX`~moYH$-{OZ Aì`` eãXm| go gmÑí` H$m ~moY

hmo, do "gmÑí`~moYH$ Aì`` H$hbmVo h¢ & O¡go-Ho$ g_mZ, H$s ^m±{V,

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

224

Ho$ `mo½`, H$s Vah, Ho$ AZwê$n Am{X &

(i) Jm§Yr Or Ho$ g_mZ gË`dmXr ~Zmo &

(ii) AmXe© ì`{º$`m| H$s ^m±{V OrdZ OrAmo &

7. {_ÌVm~moYH$-{OZ Aì`` eãXm| go {_ÌVm H$m ~moY hmo, do

"{_V«Vm ~moYH$ Aì``' H$hbmVo h¢ & O¡go-Ho$ Abmdm, Ho$ {~Zm, Ho$

{gdm Am{J &

(i) _mohZ Ho$ {gdm _oam H$m¡Z h¡ &

(ii) g{dVm Ho$ {~Zm _¢ Zht OmD±$Jm &

8. {damoY~moYH$-{OZ Aì`` eãXm| go {damoY ì`º$ hmoVm h¡, do

"{damoY~moYH$ Aì``' H$hbmVo h¢& O¡go-Ho$ {déX²Y, Ho$ pIbm\$ Am{X &

(i) CgHo$ {déX²Y _V ~mobo &

(ii) _oao pIbm\$ H$moB© MwZmd Zht b‹S>oJm &

{dñ_`m{X~moYH$ Aì``

{dñ_`, hf©,emoH$, AmíM`©, K¥Um, {dfmX, Am{X ^mdm| H$mo àH$Q>

H$aZo dmbo A{dH$mar eãX "{dñ_`m{X~moYH$ Aì``' H$hbmVo h¢& BZ

eãXm| H$m dmŠ` go H$moB© ì`mH$a{UH$ g§~§Y Zht hmoVm& AW© H$s Ñ{ï>>

go BgHo$ _w»` AmR> ^oX h¢ :

1. {dñ_`gyMH$ - Aao!, Š`m!, gM! E|!, Amoh!, h¢ !

2. hf©gyMH$ - dmh!, Ahm!, em~me!, YÝ` !

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

225

3. emoH$gyMH$ - Amoh!, hm`!, Ìm{h-Ìm{h!, hm` am_!

4. ñdrH$magyMH$ - AÀN>m!, ~hwV AÀN>m!, hm±-hm±!, R>rH$!

5. {VañH$magyMH$ - {YH²$$!, {N>:! hQ>! , Xÿa !

6. AZw_moXZgyMH$ - hm±-hm±!, R>rH$!, AÀN>m !

7. Amerdm©XgyMH$ - OrVo ahmo !, {Ma§Ordr hmo! XrKm©`w hmo !

8. g§~moYZgyMH$ - ho!, ao! Aao, Eo !

BZ g^r Ho$ Abmdm H$^r-H$^r g§km, gd©Zm_, {deofU, {H«$`m

Am¡a {H«$`m{deofU, Am{X H$m à`moJ ^r {dñ_`m{X~moYH$ Ho$ ê$n _| hmoVm

h¡. O¡go :

g§km - {ed, {ed!, ho am_! ~mn ao !

gd©Zm_ - Š`m! AÀN>m!, YÝ`!, R>rH$! gM!

****

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

226

nÌm| Ho$ àH$ma nÌm| H$mo _w»` ê$n go {ZåZ{b{IV lo[U`m| _| {d^m{OV {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡: 1. AZm¡nMm[aH$ nÌ, 2. Am¡nMm[aH$ nÌ& 1. AZm¡nMm[aH$ nÌ - BÝh| _w»` ê$n go Xmo ^mJm| _| {d^m{OV {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡: H$) nm[adm[aH$ - nÌ (I) ì`mdhm[aH$ - nÌ& (H$) nm[adm[aH$ - nÌ-`o nÌ AnZo na{dma Ho$ gXñ`m| VWm g§~§{Y`m| H$mo {bIo OmVo h¢& `o nÌ ì`{º$JV hmoVo h§¡ VWm BZ nÌm| _o§ ^oOZo dmbm| VWm nmZo dmbm| Ho$ ~rM JhZ AmË_r`Vm hmoVr h¡& `o nÌ ^mdZm go AmoV-àoV hmoVo h¡§& I) ì`mdhm[aH$ - nÌ-`o nÌ _w»` ê$n go Jwé, {_Ì, n‹S>mogr Am¡a AÝ` n[a{MV bmoJm| H$mo ^oOo OmVo h¢& `o {ZOr Zht hmoVo ~pëH$ Bg_| Am¡nMm[aH$Vm VWm AZm¡nMm[aH$Vm H$m Ü`mZ aIm OmVm h¡& {Z_§ÌU-nÌ, ~YmB©-nÌ, ghmZw^y{V-nÌ, A{^Z§XZ-nÌ VWm `mÌm H$m C„oI H$aZo dmbo nÌ Bg loUr Ho$ A§VJ©V AmVo h¢& 2. Am¡nMm[aH$ nÌ - BÝh| _w»` ê$n go {ZåZ{b{IV VrZ ^mJm| _| {d^m{OV {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡: (H$) Am{YH$m[aH$ - nÌ (I) ì`mdgm{`H$-nÌ (J) H$m`m©b`rZ-nÌ (H$) Am{YH$m[aH$ nÌ - BgHo$ A§VJ©V _w»` ê$n go do nÌ AmVo h¢, Omo OZVm Ho$ gXñ`m| H$s Amoa go A{YH$m[a`m| H$mo {bIo OmVo h¢ AWdm A{YH$m[a`m| Ho$ X²dmam OZVm Ho$ gXñ`m| Ho$ Zm_ {bIo OmVo h¢&

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

227

AnZo {_Ì H$mo CgH$s df©Jm±R> na ~YmB© - nÌ210, E_0Or0 amoS>, \$moQ>©, _w§~B©&

{XZm§H$.....................{à` {_Ì A{Zb, gào_ Z_ñVo& df©Jm±R> Ho$ g§~§Y _| Vwåhmam {Z_§ÌU nÌ àmá hþAm& _¢ Vwåhmar df©Jm±R> ^ybm Wmo‹S>o hr Wm; Omo Vwåh| `mX {XbmZr n‹S>r& Vwåhmao nÌ {_bZo Ho$ nyd© hr _¢Zo Vwåh| EH$ N>moQ>m gm Cnhma ^oOm h¡& Bg AqH$MZ H$s Cg N>moQ>r gr ^|Q> H$mo `{X Vw_Zo gmZ§X ñdrH$ma {H$`m Vmo _¢ AnZr {_ÌVm H$mo gmW©H$ g_P±yJm& Š`m H$ê±$! _¢ Bg g_` Vw_go ~hþV Xÿa hÿ±& BÀN>m Vmo Wr {H$ EH$ ~ma AmH$a Vw_go {_b b±y, bo{H$Z [nVmOr Ho$ AñdñW hmoZo Ho$ H$maU `h g§^d Zht hmo gH$m h¡& _wPo {dídmg h¡ {H$ Vw_ ~wam Zhr§ _mZmoJo& Vwåh| A_o[aH$m Ho$ à{V gXm AH$f©U ahm h¡& Bgr go g§~§{YV EH$ nwñVH$ {Og_| dhm± H$s g{MÌ Pb{H$`m± ^r h¢, _¢Zo Vwåhmao {bE g~go C{MV Cnhma g_Pm& _wPo {dídmg h¡ {H$ Cg nwñVH$ go Vwåh| A_o[aH$m go g§~§{YV AZoH$ OmZH$m[a`m± àmá hm|Jr& Vw_ AnZr J_u H$s Nw>{Q²>Q>`m| H$s `moOZm Ho$ ~mao _| {bIZm& AÀN>m hmoJm {H$ Vw_ J{_©`m| _| _w§~B© Mbo AmAmo& `ht go H$moB© Am¡a H$m`©H«$_ ~ZmE±Jo& AnZo _mVmOr Am¡a {nVmOr H$mo _oam gmXa àUm_ H$hZm& AnZr df©Jm±R> > na nwZ: EH$ ~ma _oar hm{X©H$ ~YmB© ñdrH$ma H$aZm&

Vwåhmam {_Ì, AemoH$&

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

228

~g _| Ny>Q>o hþE gm_mZ H$m nVm bJmZo Ho$ {bE {X„r n[adhZ {ZJ_ Ho$ à~§YH$ H$mo EH$ nÌ a_oe d_m©,gr-12/38, H$_bm ZJa,{X„r&

{XZm§H$ ...................godm _|,_w»` à~§YH$,{X„r n[adhZ {ZJ_,{X„r&_hmoX`,_¢Zo H$b em_ A_¥Vga go {X„r AmZo dmbr 7 ~OH$a 30 {_ZQ> H$s ~g nH$‹S>r Wr& _wPo H$Zm°Q> ßbog CVaZm Wm& ~g amñVo _| Iam~ hmo OmZo Ho$ H$maU AnZo {ZYm©[aV g_` go EH$ K§Q>m Xoa go nhþ±Mr& g_` H$m‹\$s hmo MwH$m Wm, Bg{bE K~amhQ> _| _¢ _mÌ EH$ hr AQ>¡Mr boH$a ~g go CVa Am`m& _oao gmW EH$ N>moQ>m E`ado‹O H$m ~¡J ^r Wm& CgH$m a§J Jham Zrbm Wm& dh ~¡J _¢ Cgr ~g _| ^yb Am`m& gw~h _¢ ~g AS²>S>o J`m ^r Wm bo{H$Z Cg ~¡J H$m H$moB© nVm Z Mbm& H¥$n`m Amn Cgo Ty>±‹T> {ZH$mbZo H$m à`ËZ H$a|& _¢ AmnH$m {deof Am^mar ahÿ±Jm& `{X _oam ~¡J {_b OmE Vmo Cgo Cn`w©º$ nVo na {^OdmZo H$s H¥$nm H$a|&

^dXr`,a_oe d_m©&

****

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

229

dmŠ`-aMZmdmŠ`: {H$gr ^md `m {dMma H$mo nyar Vah àH$Q> H$aZo dmbr

^mfm H$s N>moQ>r BH$mB© H$mo dmŠ` H$hVo h¢& dmŠ` _| eãX Am¡a nX-~§Y (Phrases) ahVo h¢& eãXm| Am¡a nX-~§Ym| Ho$ ~rM EH$ gw{ZpíMV Am¡a gmW©H$ g§~§Y hmoVm h¡& dmŠ` gab Am¡a ñnï> hmoVo h¢ Vmo ^md `m {dMma ~‹S>r gwJ_Vm go Xÿgam| VH$ nhþ±MVo h¢&

CndmŠ` : dmŠ` EH$ g§nyU© BH$mB© h¡& H$^r-H$^r EH$ dmŠ` b§~m hmoVm h¡ Am¡a CgHo$ gmW N>moQ>o-N>moQ>o dmŠ` ^r Ow‹S>o hmoVo h¢& Eogo N>moQ>o-N>moQ>o dmŠ`m| H$mo CndmŠ` H$hVo h¢& "_wPo H$b _¡gya OmZm h¡'& `h EH$ nyU© dmŠ` h¡& A~ Xÿgam dmŠ` Xo{IE "_wPo H$b _¡gya OmZm h¡ Am¡a Cgr {XZ dhm± go D$Q>r OmZm h¡'& `h Xÿgam hr CndmŠ` h¡&

aMZm Ho$ AZwgma dmŠ` Ho$ àH$ma : dmŠ` Ho$ VrZ àH$ma `m ^oX h¢-gab dmŠ`, g§`wº$ dmŠ` VWm {_l dmŠ`&

gab dmŠ` : gab dmŠ` _| EH$ hr dmŠ` hmoVm h¡& dh N>moQ>m hmoVm h¡& Cg_| H$moB© CndmŠ` Zht hmoVm& dh AnZo Amn g§nyU© hmoVm h¡& CXm: ^r_ ~bdmZ h¡&

g§`wº$ dmŠ` : g§`wº$ dmŠ` _| Xmo `m VrZ dmŠ` hmoVo h¢& na nhbm dmŠ` àYmZ hmoVm h¡& Xÿgam `m Vrgam dmŠ` nhbo dmŠ` Ho$ ghm`H$ ~ZVo h¢& naÝVw dmŠ` EH$ hr h¡& g§`wº$ dmŠ` H$m AW© h¡ Xmo `m Xmo go A{YH$ dmŠ` EH$ gmW {_bH$a nyU© AW© H$m ~moY H$amZm&

CXm : ^r_ ~bdmZ h¡ Am¡a JwUdmZ ^r h¡& N>moQ>m dmŠ` àYmZ dmŠ` H$s _XX H$aHo$, CgH$s {deofVm àH$Q> H$aVm h¡& na XmoZm| dmŠ` ñdV§Ì hmoVo h¢&

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed

230

{_l dmŠ` : {_l dmŠ` _| Xmo dmŠ` hmoVo h¢& _Ja Xÿgam dmŠ` nhbo dmŠ` na AmYm[aV ahVm h¡& nhbo dmŠ` Ho$ {~Zm Xÿgao dmŠ` H$m ApñVËd Zht hmoVm&

CXm… r_ ~bdmZ h¡ _Ja H«$moYr h¡& h ñnï> h¡ {H$ "_Ja H«$moYr h¡'- "^r_ ~bdmZ h¡' Ho$ {~Zm AYyam h¡&

dmŠ`-aMZm gab, ñnï> Am¡a gw~moY hmoZr Mm{hE& M_H$s-bo-^‹S>>H$sbo eãXm| Ho$ `moJ go b§~o-b§~o dmŠ` {bIo Om`|Jo Vmo CÝh| g_PZm H${R>Z hmoJm& dmŠ`m| _| _whmdam| VWm H$hmdVm| H$m à`moJ hmo Vmo gmoZo _| gwhmJm& Bg{bE {dÚm{W©`m| H$mo N>moQ>o-N>moQ>o, gab dmŠ`m| H$mo {bIZm Mm{hE&

****

©KTBS

Not to

be re

publi

shed