i. o11 the chellllcail coiilposltlolls in the plallt of ... · of the (;hemic'al society of...
TRANSCRIPT
53
CHEMICAL STUl)IES ON MENTHA* I. O11 the ChellllCail COIILposltlOllS In the Plallt Of tlle
(Melltlla ArVellSls L "San-Bi" ' , .) alid tlle TrallS11luted "Aka-Kuki" **
by loru ~'AGASAW'A (~_r Osa~'nu SOGA
(Received Nov. 30 1956)
~~~1 ~~, r~~~J ,~O~~:~i~.-_ r~~~'~~. f.!~'C~)・f~~,--i----~"fJ_=",.~3~fr_+i"~):,L
I. IN TRODUCTION
The production of mint2) , which has been stood on the important position as the
Japanese useful agricultural harvest , is greater in Hokkaido then followed by Okayama
prefecture that is San-Bi districtsl). But in view of the point of quality the latter is
superior to the former3). Both species belong botanically to the Mentha arvensis , L.
(Japanese Mentha). After drying the harvested mint grasses the "Torioroshi-Oil" (Natural
Oil ) was manufactured by steam disti]lation and separated to the Menthol Cr ystals and
the Dementholized Oil. Both of which are purified as an article for export and the de-
mands in the land.
In Hokkaido , where harvested in large scal e , the cultivating area of mentha attained
maxirnurn over 20 thousands Cho , and produced I , 300 thousands Kin of Torioroshi-Oil in
the year 1937. However , we had about one thousands Cho of the area and 130 thousands
Kin of Torioroshi-Oil in Okayama prefecture on the same year. Contrary to the Okayama
district , which has thrice harvest times (June , August , and October), Hokkaido has only
the once crop ( September). That shows the climate of Okayama area gave a very good
* The outlines ~of thi~~ Pap~}r have been published 'as "CheulictLl Stud~es on Mint Plan;t". I and
I sep:xratety at the 17th meeting (at Matsue, Juty, 1955) of tbe Chu5"oku-~hikoku .Brancll
of the (;hemic'al Society of Japan an;d 'at the ,9th annual meetin5" (at Kyoto, April, 1956)
of the same society, respectively.
** "Sttn-Bi" is tl]e finest mint specibs (Mentha arvensis,L.) now cultivated trL Okayama prefec-
Transl~nuted "Aka-Kuki", is th~ wor~e Tnil~t .ever cultivated in the _ suburbs of Matsue city.
54
conditions for the cultivation of mint
their dry herbs are 1-2~~, but the
Hokkaido and San-Bi district are 5
As the yields of the natural
arnounts of the oil production
and 15-20 Km respectrvely
oils of Mentha upon
in one T, an both in
(May 6,L1956)
PhoLograph of the "Sau-Bi"
Since the Menthol Crystals and the Dementholized
taste and fragrance, they are used in the dental agent
materials. And they are used widely as in candies ,
tobacco, rr)edicines (especially stom. atics),
had hitherto satisfied almost the demands of the
of thinking, but the natural mint in Brazil has
and fundamental state. At the present , therefore,
natural mint are Japan, Brazil , and China
each other. Also the countries which have not
factured co~tnercially
to stand a~ainst nat~tral menthol.
It is important generally to increase the
with a great ambition, but rather derr~anded to
xnint oils with superior qualities. One of the authors,
during five years (194.9-1953) of his stay in
the m03t in:~POrtant cour'_ter-xneasure is to cultivate
studied on the progress and breecling of the superior
(Aug 15, 1956) (M. arvensis , I. . ), .
Oil hav~ an uncomparable coolirLg
on every day life as the nece3sary
liqueur , cooling drinks , chewingum ,
mentholaturn etc. The Japanese pepperxnint
world , the Chinese mint4) was out
appeared5) after the War 11 with steady
the main producing countries OE the
which became to a state of competition in
produce the natural mint have now manu-
synthetic" m~nthol and consequently the synthetic menthol has come
production of the Japanese mint to go abroad
produce menthol crystals and pepper-
T. Nagasawa 2,90,91,9',93,95 97,93,9q,34)
O'._Kaya;ma prefecture, thought severely that
the good species of Mentha and bas
Japanese mentha in cooperation with
55
E Nasu6) a specral en*omeer of Okayama prefecture, both H. Inoue41,42,44)and S. Cham:ura
48,49,'-,0,~i) , engineers of the Okayama 'Agricultural Experinlent Station, and Prof. N. Iker_ia
7,4~,46,47) of OkaV_ an~a Unive,rsity. At last we have percieved and excluded the worse Inint
(as Dog-xnint and Horse-mint)20,21'22,34) which spread over the fi~ld after the War , and we
- the finest species that has ever have found 'GBenl Hakka" (CI Irn~on Mentha) 94 'D'(,,"7,"8) of
seen before and we named It the "San B1""9 ,o) ( 1953). The species "San-Bi" has excellent
points as much yield in productio'l:L~94,25,26) of herbs and oils stout to ' sickness , aiLd the
highest contel':t of crystal leeelethol without bitter tastel4,27,28) .
The mentha species hitherto have been cul.tivated in Okayama prefecture are"Aka-Kuki"
(Red-Stem),_ - "Ao~~uk-i" (Green-Steln), and "Shiro-Hana" (White-Flo~e~), ' but now the
"San-Bi" (Three-Beauty) has came as the representing species with superior qual.itics , ' It
was cul.tivated in 195'4 as in the TABLE 1. And it was iriterchanged to spread- over on o.' vulo
of the 'n~entha of I , OOO Cho in Okayama prefecture
TABLE I Cultrvation Area of Okayarna-Mint(1954)30)
S pecies
** Area.(cho) .Rat io( ;;t"~ )
Aka-Kuki
359 . 83
71
San-Bi *
69 . 33
14
Ao-Kuki
42 . 16
8
Others
34 . 46
7
Total
505 . 78
l OO
* San B1 m Okaya]na prefecture ha,~ been expanded to above 80~: of the whole area of
nlentha this year(1956).
** I cho:=2,45 acre.
On the constituents of the Japanese n~int oils , Becl.(ett and Wright ( 1876)8) have found
originally 1-12eelet/rrol as a crystal rr~atter , Moriya(1881)9) , then , detected 11'1enthone. After
thern , Murayaxna ( 1910)10) found !-lignonene so the main constituents of the mint oil seern
to Decome known already. Moreover, Shinosaki- Nagasawail'i2), and Tanakal3) investigated
snnultaneously the mint oils io. details. Hen_ce the studies on th:e utilization of xnint oils
by Shinosal(_i-Nagasawal6), Hayashi]7) , and It018,19) are expanded for ' the contribution to
establish tl".e Japan.ese peppermint industry.
Lookin_g a*aain for the Japanese Mentha , every n~~mt species were bred each other severelv
m or der to wilderness by defeat of the War we have found "Uma Hakka" ( Horse-mint)
'") besides "Inu Hakka" (Dog mmt)6,21) as a bad species and studied the ~nethods of rapid
distinguishrnent o_f mint species21,25) , and Nagas~;wa percieved the relative viscosity rrlethod
22,23) and color test84) as invaluable for the diagnosis of the natural oil. Here we would cite
the data of newly found "San B1" by Nagasawa""9) and Chan)u a24.26) in the following
tables (TABLE 2-6)
56
TABLE2. Growtb of Mint Species and tl〕e Oi1Yie1ds(1952)29)
Time of CropOil Yie1ds(upo口Dry Herbs,%)
(Yθa・。Mo軸h)Sap-Bi A畑一Kπld A〇一Kuki Shiro-H如a
1952.6 O.76 O.74 O.47 O.73
* 1952.8 1.58 1.49 一.]2 コ.66
1952.1O 1.34 1.41 1.OO 1.39
* ]Ma・x. oi1 yie1a on A11g11。飢.
TABLE3.Re1伽on of Growtb of M1nt and MenthoレContent, in the OiI29)
Ti・蝸of C・opF干・・M・姉h・1(%)
(Ye・r,lMo耐h)S仰一Bi Aka-Kuki ムO-Kuki Shiro-H狐a
1952.6 81.3 74.9 76.5 73.7
1952.8 83.6 77.2 77.6 78.3
* 1952.10 86.1 80.8 78.7 80.3
* lMe口thol conte鮎s加tbe Toriom8hi-Oi1(Original Oiユ)i皿cre舶e with n■aturity.
TABLE4.Propert1es of Every Mlmt011s(2nd Cωp)帥
OiI Yied8 * **
d葦5 25nDη25 皿M
C・ys枇I一
Sp㏄1鍋 (toDryHerbs) FM M帥tb01(%) (%) (%) (%)
!!s汕.Bi 1.6 O.896 1.461 17.4 2.2 83.6 64
A畑一K11ki 1.4~2.4 O.895~897 工.460~1.461 9.9~13.3 3.O~7.1 73.2~79.4 49~59
Ao-Kuki O.7~1.7 O.895,889 1,460~1.462 10.6~13.3 3.4~6.6 75.8~80.6 50~58
Shiro-Ha蝸 1.6~2.4 O.895~896 1,460~1.461 11.2~13.1 3.6~6.6 77.3~79.6 54~59
*
**
!!
=El】M【==.Ester 皿1e皿尤ho1。
.FM==Free m1e凪tho互。
S狐一Bih・sth・high・飢・・nt・nt・fCry・帆トM帥tl・oI汕dals・肚ehig11est7a1uein
R創at肘eyiscosity.
TABLE5. Co独P舳soΩof EveIy㎜mt lProductsエn One Tan29)***
(Cu1tiv航e(1at Kurash{ki-Bunjo)
A∀erage Crolps of
Fre曲1Herb Torioroshi一 Cry榊L Cry航aLC剛cd。.to
Species (K柳)! Oi1(Ki口)1 M釧tboI MenthoI S帆ndard Ratio**(%) (Kin)
Oiユ(K加)
*San.Bi 785 15.5 65 1O.0 17・8 144
Aka-Kuki 512 11.7 56 6.5 12.4 100
Ao-K111d 658 lO.3 52 5.4 10.5 85
Shiro-Han.a 450 ユ1.0 57 6.3 H.8 95
Ho1ζushin 530 8.4 56 4.7 8.9 72
57
*
**
*** t.
!!
Inclicates the San;-Bi is the best species , which produces 25 Kil~ bf T.orioroshi Oil
(ori~・ilaal oil) mlder good conditions.
Aka Kukl Is the stax~dard MrrLt hltherLo in Japan.
ITala = 0.245 ~cre
IKan :=: 3.75 Kg
IKir~ - 0.6 Kg
TABLE 6. Exammation at Kurashiki-Bunj6 (4 Tsubo - Cultivation) ~"" * 24)
肘esh Herb!
1、。、1。、。、、、。、、
Oi1YieIdムYerage
Dry He・b cry航.(Dec.)
Sp㏄ies(M0叩肚e) (MO叩1e) (Mon肚e) (%) Me口thO1
ROOt-StOCkS
(%)(MOnn1e)
*Sa凪一Bi 10,O08 2.430 33.O 1.35 65 1.730
Aka-Kuki 6.541 1.782 22.3 1.25 57 338
~k, The San Bl has very nluoh yreld conrpared vith Aka-Kuki,
five tinres nrore in root-stocks than the latter on Decenrber.
** ITsubo = 0.000816 acre
! IMonme ::=: S.75 g
especially the fortner has
The constants of the essential oil of G'San-Bi"
d425 O . 8956
nD25 1 . 46 1 2
~25 1 7 . 4
Coc)D 45.40 F . P . 20 . 2'C
Ester Menthol 2 . 2~
Free Menthol 83 . 6 ~6
Menthone 5 . O ~6 Ur]saturated Ketone 1.4~~
by Nagasawa's report29), are as follows : -
Shin)izu33) has investigated recently micro quantitative analysis of mint oils by the
polarographic method which seemed to be promising
On the other hand , in Hokkaido , the main district of northern region of Japan , the
Mentha has been Improved by many researchers long befo e Krtamura3]) and others have
endevoured to find good species that "Aka-Maru"->"Kitami-Shiroke"-> "Hoku-Shin" ( 1938 ) ,
and Kasano et al. 32,43) have found recentl y( 1952) a good species , which nan~ed "Man-Yo"
of rich oil yields by the artificial breeding. Oil yields of thetn are in the TABLE 7.
58
TABLE 7. Mint Species in Hold*・aid031,32)
YieH虹丁仰 I口Torioroshi〇三1
Sp㏄i鯛肘㈱h Herb Torioroshi Oi1
Cry帥aゼMentho1 ●
FlM(k岬) (kan) (%) (%)
Ak孔一Mam‘ 422 O.763 46 72.9
Hokll-Shin 655 1.209 59 80.3
*M汕一YO 951 2.コ00 62 78.8
* Man-yo has two tlnres of yield over Aka-Maru, and produced 17.5 Kin; of Torioroshi-Oil
which contained above 60~6 Crystal-Mehthol.
Thus we see the ~"reat developJnent of l'nirLt in Hokkaido.
We have comn~enced this research as one corner of the studies on the progress of Japa-
nese Genus Mentha29) , and for investigating the chemical change of the plant substances
on relation to the formation of the essential oils during the growth of Mentha. These
chemical studies , therefore , would be continued hereafter. We investigated in this report
the chemical change in each plant position at one season (3rd. crop) of two species of
Mentha.
ll. GENERAL REMARKS ON THE RESEARCH
Mentha gerrninates from the root-stocks early in the spring and passing the n)aximum
period of the summer (August) to with.er before the fall of the frost. To study the seaso-
nal biological change of mint grass , we took five portions equally divided along with the
length of the stem.
As the growth of mint finishes in one year , we made atternpt to compare the rapid
growth of the bamboo. One of the writers (Nagasawa)36) has ever investigated the bio-
chemical studies of the bamboo with a guidance of late Dr. Prof. Komatsu. We have
known the following fact in the bamboo that th.e total ash , nit7'ogen , and alcohol-soluble
substances were increased similarly to the upper positions from the ground as 1. 42-2. 59~~,
O. 26 -, O. 60~~ , and 4. 09-8. 80~~ , respective].y. The total redu;cing sugars and cellulose,
on the contrary, were decreased along with the hight as 2. 37-1. 17~ ; and 54. 3-50. 610/0 ,
respectively. Tanaka3) had reported in his study of bamboo shoot the same results that
both ash and nitrogen were increased to tbe top as 7. 32 - 12. 88~~; ; and 2. 72-5. 78~~ ,
respectivel y , and t,he total redegcing sebgars and cellttlose ¥vere decreased inversely as
16. 6->9. 9~ ; and 29. 6->8. 5~~ , respectively. In other words, it has confirmed that ash
and proteins were fornled much in the upper young portions of rapid growing bamboo
59
but sllgars were stocked rich in the lower matured part.
We have obtained the similar results in this research of mentha. The chief engineer
Fukushima37,38) in Kurashiki Branch of Okayama Agricultural Experiment Station has
investigated on the essential oil related to the growth of ~nint , by the suggestion of
Nagasawa, with micro-distillation wich brought very interesting results as in the
TABLE 8. Thus we see the maxirnurn oil yield in the upper youngest developed leaf,
and decreasing to the lower old leaf. This shows that the formation of the essential oill5)
be commenced even at the young shoots.
TABLE 8. Oil yields in the Leaf position of Aka-Maru (81Vlll)38)
(Oil contents in the Leaf)
Oi1yie1ds(%)* Leaf po餉tion
UpO口F醐h工峨f Upo皿Dry Leaf
UpPer (1) 1.68 7.18
(2) 1.72 8.27
(3) 1.37 5.26
(4) ].20 4.37
I.0Wer (5) 0.61 2.20
* (1) is the. top of the stenl and the young leaves are not yet developed.
(2) is the first pair of the developed leaves.
Miyake and Ishizuka39,40), on the other hand , harvested the "Kitanai-Akamaru" to mea-
sure the growth of each in the intervals of 10 days. They have improved that t.he weight
of fresh herbs, mint oil , and menthol crystals , and oil yield are all increasing with
growth , attaining to the maximurn at full bloolcn and then to the lowering of the yield
with the lapse of mature.
Sam ples
We studied the chemical compositions in each position of the plants to investigate the
biochemical change of the mentha. The samples used in this research are (A) "San-Bi"
whose rootstocks were presented froxn Okaya~na Agricultural Experirnent Station and culti-
vated at Matsue city, and(B)"Interchanged Aka-Kuki" (we shall call it "Aka-Hen" hereafter)
which had been transported here few years ago from Okayama prefecture.
The "San-Bi" has a remarkable character of generating the prominent purple colors of
anthocyane along wrth the young leaves on the month of May(FIG. 1. )28)
60
(d) '(:iicneral forlll of a Plant (a) ~_~oung Leaves at thc"rop
in thc' Upper P,・Lrt (May 15th,1953) (Sept . Ilth , 1 953)
l ,7
/ ' (c) Bending For]n of a Leaf (S._.'ept . Iltll , 1 953)
(e) J30tanical l~~onn
(~el~'t.llth , 1953)
_ .' (1953) * l~ IG .1 . Elnerb"'encc of Pigments and Botan]cal 140nns of "San; Bl"
* l~~roln thc' Koryo No 29 18-30 (1954)
(Sk-'eLched by -Nagasawa.)
Also the stem is colored purple and the leaves are g**nerally dark green which can be
seen from fair distance. The "Aka-Hen' ' , on' the other hand , has a pale violet green stem
- ' is , in general , thick and stout but that with pale green leaves. A sten~ of the "San B1"
of "Aka Hen" Is thin and tends to extend I apldly We can scent strongly the fragrance 0L
pnent/・rol fronl the forn~er , but weak and queer odor in the latter. The attaching of the
leaves is more con~pact in the former than the latter.
61
We cut the both species of mentha (A and B) at 10-11 o'clock on Oct. 20th,1954 (3rd
crop). After weighing the fresh herbs we divided them to five equal portions along with
their length from bot.tom to the top (l-V) and separated the leaves frorn each stem
The states of their growing are showed in the TABLE 9 and the FIG. 2.
TABLE 9 State of Mint in
Fresh Herbs
this
( '_O
Rese arch
Stems )
( Oct. 20 , 1954 )
Average A v. no. Total IJeaf Sterll Rat io Av. S~)ecies
l,ength Leaf-S ingle
weight Wt . wt . IJe.af: Stem Weight (crn . ) K nots ( .) g ( .) a ~~
(g . ) (g . )
* San-Bi 52 . 8 ll.O 143 90 53 1.7 : 1 7.2
A kalHen 22 . 7 l0.0 1 28 83 45 l.8:1 6.4
* San-Bi Is m better states of growth than A ka-Hen .
TABLE 10. Essential Oil Yield in Leaf-position (upon Dry Leaf)
Pos it ion San-B i (~6) Aka-Hen (~~;)
(Lower) I
ll~ ,,,
I ,,1
El
2 . 88 o . 45
nu:
3.15 o . 90
( Upper) v
5 . 83 1. IS
M ean 5 . 29 o . 83
N.B. The oil yield is rich in upper leaves.
SalcL-Bi has the oil yield of four times to A ka-Hen .
As the results of the ~nicrodistillations in TABLE 10, we percieved the oil yield of the
"San-Bi" is greater four tin~Les that of the "Aka-Hen" and botb the upper leaves have a
higher oil yield
Comparing A(San-Bi) with B (Aka-Hen), both cultivated experimentally in the field
of the Shimane University ( 1956), we have the following results (TABLE Il, 12).
62
v
ml
S:
O .H ~ ~a ~ .~ O ~l
I
I
LecLf
enl
~-~ " V ~'~ <~ ~. ~:~~~ ~r
_~_l~~~ ~~
~~1~ <<~(~.-_~ .'_~¥-
~7-IL
I
TABLE 11.
O 10 20 50
.B~rG.2. Weights
"San -Bi f '
Properties of
(Cultivated at
40 50 60 70 80 90 -Wei~*ht (g . )
of leaf and stenl at each position of
(Dry wei**hts of_ 270 herbs)
Mint Oil from San-Bi
Shimane Univ. , 1956)
OiI yie岨(%)
Th皿e of Crop 暗 25皿D 2
5η
〔α〕豊 皿M FMOn Fresh On Dry (%) (%)
Herb 1日erb
1956.㎜.20(皿) O.57 2.27 O.8942 1.4626 14.46 ・40.3o 1.63 79.65
1956.X.22(亙) O.33 1.37 O.8944 1.4623 14.47 一42.9o 0.80 8工.29
EM =Ester M enthol
FM =Free Menthol
TABLE 12. Properties of Mint Oil
(Cultivated at Shimane Univ.
from Aka-Hen
, 1956)
Oil Yie岨(%)
Time of Orop○皿Fr錦h ○皿Dry
a15 蛎凪I) 25η
〔α塘
lHerb lHerb
工956.W.4(I) O.03 O.22 一1.4862
一一17.4o
*1956.㎜.20(皿) O.08 O.26 O.9139 コ.4869 2.42 一13.7o
1956.X.22(皿) O.06 0.24 O.8957 1.4842一
一30.0o
* The Oil of I was analyzed27) as fbllows : Ester MGnthol 7.96~~ ; Free ~!lenthol 16.24~6.
Jndgin:g from these data, as (1) Iower oil yield, (2) Iarger in refractive index (n), (3)
lower in relative viscosity (~), and (4) nulch less in free Inenthol , we think this ranl.-,
A ka-J-len, Lo be quite abnormal ones. We regard it has transfornled to bad rank. Thus we
have found tkLe retarding of Mo,ntha in Shiltl"Ine Pre,fe,cture.
63
We conf._irrrLed that A sl-_Gwed good results (oil yield , 2;~0~/ ; f'lee enenthol , 80/0,u'o') of
"San-Bi" as in Okayama and B , on the con~Itrary, was inferior (oil yield. O. 210,~o ;
menthol, 16~) to Dog-mint near] y.
the '
free
Surmmary of the Research
We have acknowledged in this research a remarkable differences in the chemical compo-
nents between the "San-Bi", good species , and "Aka Hen" worse specres The "San Bl"
contained much more quantities of essential oils and leeenthol cl'ystals than those of the
"Aka-H:en". The leitrogenotts compo~tlids are particularly much in the former ( TABLE
16), but the carbohydrates contained greater in the latter ( TABLE 15), that indicates the
deep relation with the formation of 'essential oils. Also it may be attentive that the "San-
Bi" absorbed much quantities of the nutrition (TABLE 13,14).
TABLE 1 3. _ Contents of Inorganic Substances (upon water-free basis , ~~ )
Sa皿・Bi ムka..He皿
Averれ9eConte皿ts Le耐 sten1 Leaf Ste帆
Tot飢蝸h コ4.37 10.56 14.04 9.1O
P205 1.68 O.79 2.04 1.21
K20 4.49 3.09 4.22 2.73
CaO 5,33 2.]O 5.04 0.33
MgO O.31 O.45 0.27 0.33
S03 2.32 0.82 2.44 1.22
Si02 O.98 O.26 0.90 O.17
TABLE 14. Contents of Organic Substances (upon water-free basis , ~~)
Aマ6rages汕一’Bi ムka-Hθn
C()軸entsLeaF Sユem I.eaf Stenユ
C肌b・hyd・・te 9.62 26.11 ]4.70 33.23
PrO工ei皿 23.08 7.78 17.24 5.60
.F乱t 6.13 1.21 5.40 0.91
Ceuπ工ose 15.5 27.3 12.9 24.2
We sunxrnarized our preliminary studies as follows : -
1 ) Judgmg fronl largel content of ash m the "San Bl" ( 14 4 oo' ) than in the "Aka-Hen"
( 14~), we see much absorption of the nutritive elements in the former. And it is
supposed to increase the quantity of the essential oils in the herb by catching nutrition
64
(TABLE 11, 12, 13; FIG. 3).
~ V ~' SIQ?
~ Sl O O
t
20
15
lO
5
4
3
2
o
S'5trt-8i (A'A') ASh{ O Ak'~- Hen (8. 13' O ~~ :~~~~~:¥~BA 8¥'_____¥_g~~~
O _1 o /~ / ol /
o l o'~, /
o ol / / / / / / / / / Ai.po/ ep'a'JD/
O-'P__dd'a S,a't- ai (c. cl)
o-- . JV 4k.'L -Hen (D. i):)~)
IP A
A// _/X
C A IX X
a _ "'p'p d~~ .-- ~ D' A
. A--- - - ~ ~ ~ . ~-~ ~:'P ~ ~, - ---- -----)(~-
x x I
~
~
~l
l~'rG.5. Total _N itrogc'n and Ash in
"San-Biff and ffAka-He*nf'
(r~~ull lines: IJc'af; Broken lines:
v
St em )
f~ 1.4 ¥~r~. ~ s; 1.2 4'
~ s:
Oo 1.0
t 0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
O
KIO (A..A/) o¥_8, o
Ce~O ('8. B') ¥¥o o /~ o¥.O A' _1) P c'~P'~~ " ~
jo
- ~' / /
o'- ~ / ~Ql -JQ~ 9f ~
B' d~L
SiOa (C C ) C
rl30 (P. 1)') a
/X - - J( - ~ D/ _x-//" A /
x--~~ / x x I) A _ ___ _ __ --~~~ ~*
Cl
I
I
~
,tlr(~.4. Ash content in ffSf:Ln-Biff
(K20. OaO,S~09_ , M~O)
~l
V
6
5
4
f, ~~ 3v ~ Si
2~' ~ l U*~
Ot
2) The fact that the ash contained
much ( 15. 210,~(o ) in the upper positi-
on of the stem means the necessity
of much nutritives for the sake of
the lively split of cells at the tip
0L the stem. To have a larger quan-
tity of ash (16. 6f/o) in the lower
leaves than the upper ones seems to
deposit the nutritives in the ~na-
tured leaves. Especially the influ-
ence of Si02. CaO, and K2 O are
great (FIG. 4).
3) It is said that the s~t*oars and
starch are increased with an addition
of phosphoric acid , but proteins
are decreasing. Conl:paring the "San-
B1" rich in nitrogen (3. 6p,'/o ) and
proteins (23;~~0.~), with the "Aka-Hen",
wealthy in s~bgars ( 14. 710,~(o ) and
phosphoric acid (2. O~), we recog-
nized very interesting fact in the
chenlistry of plant life. It is deli-
ghtful that we know the acidic ox'i-
des as P._Os and SOs are contain_ed
more in the "Aka- Hen" (2. O ; 2. 4
lop'/) than "San-Bi", but the alkaline
oxides (K."O, 4. 5 ; CaO, 5. 3~) are
rich in the latter (TABLE 13,14 ;
FIG. 5 ).
4) Viewing to the state of sbsorpti-
on of the nourishment we can divide
it three groups of K20 - CaO ;
N P20. S03 ' and M*oO-Si02 si,mi-
lar to riceplant.
b~5
3
2
r~ ~' ~' ~ qQ,
~ Fl ~ tl
Sa n- B~ {
P205 AKeL-Hert (A. A')
(~. g,
S'L'I - Bi ' SO Akct-f4erL (~"D') . )( 3
p
C A .pP08 /,/X/o 81 o o
IA ll ll
o~ ~l~l o ll ~ Cl il f ll /
yo / ~'p d/d/p/ J"/__ ~ A'
di~~/ lo / .:5 xo 4~- ~''' c.
A '~/ P nl
p~, _d P'I d' Ao~rd
o I
l~r(1'f . 5 .
I ~ ~l
Ash conte*nt in f'S(In-Bif/
frAka-Henff (P205 , S03)
'an d
V
5 4 3 2
o
'~ ~~35
,' ~ 30
* '~o 25
O t 20
15
10
5
O
Es5entiaL Oi L e;L
S(~lrL- j ocl~o o/'/
AkeL- Hen R o-/~o'--P
S(Ln- Bi (A' Al) f
StAga/ AKa-uerL(8, 8')
Sa7t-Bi (c, cl) t
Protefn Aka-He~(~)7)LD)
~ Q~ o- ~
e f
~'~
I
h" r(~r* . 6 .
I
M
lu
V
Sugar , Protein , and Essential
Oll m ffS m-Bi// and //Aka-Henp
5) The order of the each content in the plant was nearly as the following :-
Ca0> N>K,_. 0> S03> p20s> Si02> M*oO (TABLE 13 , 16).
6) The contents of the essentral culs are abundant m the upper leaves the "San B1" was
above the twlce the "Aka Hen" (TABLE 10, 11 , 12 ; FIG. 6)
7) The carbohyd/'ates contained rrLore in the "Aka-Hen" ( 14. 7~) than the "San-Bi"
(9. 6.q・o'), which predominate in the upper leaves (11.4~) and middle sterrls (28. 1~).
The redetcing svt*aars are contained rich in the upper positions (5. 7 ; 6. 8~) of both
leaves and stems. Non-redu:cing s~tgars of the leaf are much somewhat in the young part
(1.4;~oo/), and those of the stern are abundant in the middle part (17. 5~~). Sta/'ch con-
tained much in the middle part of both leaves and stems (5. 4 ; 8. Op,~40 ) of which more in
the stcrns than the leaves. Both redetcing s~lgars and non-redl'tcing s~tgars exist more in
the stexns than the leaves ( TABLE 15; FIG. 7).
TABLE 15. Contents in Carbohydrates (upon water-free basis,lo/o )
A∀舳geS汕一Bi ムka岨凹
Co皿te姉s Leaf SteI11 Leaf s{en1
Tot孔1Su酔r 9.61 26.l1 14.70 33.23
So1ub1e S11gar 4.95 20.40 1O.71 25.41
.Redl1c加g Sl1gar 3.86 5.81 7.96 9.22
Nlルred.Sugar 1.10 14.60 2.76 ヱ6.19
S帆rch 4.66 5.78 3.99 7.82
s
66
8) The nitrogenous compovtnds , contrary to carbohydrates contamed rlch m the "San
B1" (3 60.0') (TABLE 16). Both the proteino~ts and sol~lble nitrogen predominated at the
pomt of g[owth (upper parts) especrally m the leaf (3 3 1 llo,~~0 ) (TABLE 21 ; FIG. 8).
25
~ ~~ v 20 *sl ~ Oo t 15
10
5
o
Ql
Al
/
/
/
/
f !)¥
l ~ a / ~~
/
SoL.-Su9ar (~.A')
fted.-SLL3ar (8. B')
Non - Teet . -Su3ar (C. C')
~ , q~ A ~o~ ~"~ - ~0
~ a C' ~
~A
IA o ~' - o --- ~__.. o - ~/~ o-/;~ o
-o
o o:l o--~o c I A a
d~
I
I
H
Inr
FrG.7. Sugar content iil //San-Biv
v
3
2
f' ~ ~J ~ S: e,
~; rll HC>
O tO
0.10
o . 08
O . 06
o . 04
O . 02
Prote i rt - N-(A , A'; ~o SoL. -N (3. 8') o-/ro A
o
l~~ dO Ot ' A db.Pc'1'Od' IB l c' e' Oo'ploloDaoO(- //O ' -110 OIP 'd ap ap l~' O IPo91"9$ 910 1lp'Q
.~ ~~1)A:
A-l
I
I
M
ml
V
FrG~.8. Nitrogen content in //San-Bif/
TABLE 16 Contents m N1 rogen (upon water-free basis , ~)
Av㈱geS汕一Bi 1 Aka..H則
Co軸則ts Le耐 stc肌 I.6孔ε st引皿
To把トN 3.66 1.24 2.76 0.89
PrOtein-N 3.OO 0.8コ 2.39 0.56
SoI11b1e-N O.69 O.22 O.36 0.工9
NH3-N 0.08 一 O.05 ’
9) The fat is abundant in the lower leaves (7. I f<~~0 ) and in the upper stems ( 1. 77~ool),
more in the leaf (6. 1~) than the stem ( 1. 2~) (TABLE 14 ; FIG. 9).
and
67
10) The celluIOSe is defficient in the
O_ CeLLLLLOse upper younger leaf and stern ( 12 ; 19 30 - ~ o*
~~* ~~) of the plant increasing With the O_*LT' Ste'll
r~20 *~~~*~~o growth ( 18; 35~~) (FIG. 9). o-~o ivL Le~f ~ ・ 11) In general, the proteiuS (23~:) ¥¥o ~v ¥¥.O P~edominated in the leaves but the ~
* s: o 10
O carbohydrates (26~) Were rich in St(trch (A. A' T FaLt (a. L3/) the stenls (TABLE 14 ; FIG. 6).
8・ JO 6 ~~e o lo /
_~-'=/ o o ~¥A ol-4 0~ _ _ o -~~o --o/
2 -=0- - -- -o o-_ B/ ___J~l---~ ~ O
~ ~ ml l~rr(~;.9. Starch , h~at, and Oellulose in f/~~*tLn-Birr
~. EXPERIMENTAL PART
(1) Sample: The divided leaves and stel'ns are dried ancl powdered to I Inln-lll("sh i~~r the> analyses
(TABLE 9;FrG.2).
(2) Analyses of Inorganic Components : 'i'he inorg'anio analyses were In',tinl~.' re.+'erred to Okuda' s
nlethod52).
1 . Ash : About 2 g. of the sanrple was t'aken to the porcelain crucible and heated with a g'as bur-
ner to carbonlze It then lgnlted in the electric nruffled furnace at 50000 t'or 5 hours to tho constant
weight.
2. CompoBaents of ashes : Si02 in ash was separated at first as usual, and the filtrate' and the
washings are gatherc'd to a 100cc. -solution from which we took each certain vohllne for mc'~Lsure
the followin~~(' components : - P205 was analyzed from 2 cc. of the sohltion w itb a volul'netric me-
thod of Inolybdenic acid, 2 cc. with potassium permanganate volumetric method for CaO , 10 cc. with
Hexyl 2s"ravmletnc method for K O lO-20cc. w ith phosphoric acid .gravil'ne'tric nlethod excludin~~
calci'um for MgO, and S-lOcc. with barium chronrate color method for S03. 'The~e re'sults are
shown in the followiug 'l'ABLES 17 and 18
68
TABLE17. Contents of Ashes(A)一San-Bi(On Dry Basis,%)
POSitiOn Tot虹Ash P205 K20 CaO MgO S03 Si02
I ]6.46一 } 一 } 一 一
I 15.62 一 一 一 一 一 一I.eaf 皿 コ4.5工 コ.53 4.70 5.72 0.28 2.14 1.41
皿 13.5工 1.59 4.51 5.37 0.34 2.36 0.89
Y 11.60 1.92 3.97 4.90 O.30 2.47 O.64
_/lけ 6.21 0.57 2.43 1.28 O.32 O.25 O.20
7.69 0.68 2.85 1.73 0.39 0.73 0.20
10.02 0.92 3.30 2。工8 0.5工 0.80 O.24
13.70 1.01 3.79 3.19 O.57 1.48 0.41
15.22一 一 一 } } 一一
TABLE18 Contents of Ashes(B)_Ak乳一Hen(0n dIy bas1s,%)
Position Tota1ash .P205 K20 C二しO MgO S03 Si02
…、/1甘 工7.03} 一 一 } 一 一
コ4.93一 一 一 一 一 一
13.82 1.94 4.39 5.19 O.30 2.46 1.35
工3.11 2.05 4.34 5.62 O.31 2.34 O.82
1l.33 2.ユ4 3.93 4.32 0.20 2.51 0.53
I 5.69 O.80 2.43 O.24 0.24 O.79 O.13
皿 5.72 0.93 2.27 O.26 O.26 O.95 O。]4
st帥1 皿 7.41 1.22 2.71 0.34 O.34 1.24 0.18
皿 1工.53 1.9ユ 3.50 O.48 O.48 1.90 0.22
V 15.ユ2一 】 一 } 一 一
(3)A胴咀y8es of Orga胴云c Co㎜po鵬姻杜♂)
1.Ca油◎hyd㈹童艶:The帥nipユe of0.5g. with 50cc.of water汕1d-2cc.of30%’一∫〃ψ〃北α6〃were
hydroIyzed2ho11蝸on the wa・ter1肌th・人fter thg hyd二roIysis it was11e11traIyzed with3g%一∫o”τ〃
乃y∂γo〃∂3so1ution, jiuerea言帆d washed.to the 100 cc_sol11貨o:n from which we took20cc.for
ハ1ea-suring‘he肥必κ加g 舳g〃∫(ε咄g4〃60∫θ)with Bertra皿d,sヱi1ethod.
Ch㊥触ヨca聰㈹&cセ壷o鵬 童醐遇e耐胸胴d胴晒出od.
正{OHO+2Cu(OH)2二〇l120+RO02H+2I{20・・・・……・……・……・………・…・……・・…(i)
C1120+Fe2(S04)3+H2S〇一= 20uS04+2b[eS04+ H20 ……………・・・……………(ii)
10^S04+2KMn04+8H2S04=15止【02(S04)3+2MmS04+ K2S04+8H20・……・・(iii)
2K.M工〕04+5地0204+3H2S04:1CO02+2MnS04+K2S04+8H20……”・……(iy)
69
Reagents:- (a) Copper Sulfate Solution. 40 ~~'of pure copper sulfate (CuS04.51120) was dis-
solved 'in distilled ¥'vater and l'nade ul・~. to one l. sohrtion.
(b) Alkaline Rochelle Solution. 200 g.of Kalium sodium tartrate and 150 g. of sodium hydroxide
were dissotved in water to one l. solution.
(c) Ferric Sulfate So~ution . 50 g.of fen'ic sulfate and 200 g . of concentnlted s'ulfuric acid were
clissolved in water to one l. solution.
(d) Potassium Permanganate Solution. The one ' llter solu tlon of 5 .~"'of potassiu7n permanganate
was ,'.'Lood ior 2 or 7 days and filtered through .~~lass filter //17(_~'3//, then pre'served in the colorecl
bottle. 'i]he concentriLtion of KIV~ln04 w'as determinod with oxalic acid (equ'ation (iv)). 'l'haL is, one
nlole of the oxalic acid corresponds to 2Cu. The quantity of Cu (nrg.) correspondin.~" to I cc. of
Kh=・fn04_solntion is, therefore, obtLLined from the follow in~~" fornulla (v).
Wei~('ht of oxalic acid t・aken (g.) 2 Ou Ou(Ing.) = >
< ' Titr.Ltion volullle of 1'~Mn04-sol. (cc. ) ........(v) J~J202V4.2},120 ・・・-
[(_~;~T.B.) I cc. of KM;n04-solution corresponds to 10 nrg. of Cu]
Manipulatiorh of Analysis:-To the 200 cc.-Erlenmeyer f[asl.'-(A) poured 20 cc. of the sugar solu-
Lton (whlch contLm~,. 20-80 Ing oi 7educrng sugars) wlth a pl~~ette and dded ao.E~a]n each 20 cc. of
copper sulfate solution (a) and Rochelle salt s6hltion (b). Then T,1eatcd on wire gauze to boiling
gf_mt,Iy i'or 3 l'nim]tes and decanted to the glass filter //15AG*-4// attachecl to the ~¥'itt's filter bottle
by slow suction. Ag:lin washed the fl'ask (A) with 50 cc. of hot water Lncl dec nted a,. rbove
After repc'itting the dec'antatior~ the receiver wa,'.' ch'anged with the fon'ne'r ilaFik(A). 'l~hen poured 2Dcc.
of ferl'ic sulfate soh・Ltion (c) into the filter .at 3 or 4 tilne,~ to clissolve the' p-recipitibtc's o".' cupl'ous oxide
ancl iiltered ancl washed conlpletely agaln nl;to the tlask (A) with a little hot w Lte'r lor sever L1
times. Thc' filtered solution in; the flask was titr'ated to the pink color w=th potassiu7n pe
* rtnanganate solution (d) after the shaking.
If x(In:~~・) be the quantity of Cu ila 20dc, of the sugar solution,
then we have x = a.b (nrg.)
where, a : quantity of C・u(mg.) per lcc. of KMn04 solutron
b titratlon no (cc.) of KMnO~-solution.
~¥'e can find the quantity. of glucose (y nrg.), corre8ponding to x mg of C・u u,'.'n~~,b Bertr 'nd s
table, thus the sugar ill the sanrple (100cc.) to be 5y (nlg.).
2. Reducing su:gar and Non-reducing sugar : The reducing sugar in thc' solution for the soluble nitrogen
(see 'after) w'as analyzed as above, and, on the other hand, the total soluble sugars were obtained
from ICcc. of the filtrate after the hydrolysis on the water bath with 2cc. of 30~~-sulfuric acid f'or 2
h our',~ . The quantity of the non-reducing sugar was calcul'ated by the difference iirom the total soluble
sugars to the soluble reducing sugar.
3. Starch : The starch was c'alculated as glucose by the difl~rc>nce fronl the total sugars to the soluble
s'ugars. Thc*se re~ults are *','ho~vn In the T ABLES 19 and 20
70
TABLE 19. Contents of Carbohydrates (A) San-Bi (on dry basis , .o,~;:e2 )
POSitiOnTOt肌1
SoL S1lga・ Bed.S11gar NO叫rea.s11gar Sug町
S帆rch
1 一 一 一 } 一皿 8.64 3.58 2.70 0.88 5.06
I・㈹f 皿 9.14 3.79 3.07 O.72 5.35
皿 9.30 5.29 3.95 1.34 4.01
Y H.36 7.14 5.70 1.44 4.22
I 23.85 18.99 5.88 13.12 4.86
皿 27.30 23.14 5.65 17.49 4.16
Ste肌 皿 28.09 20.10 4.9コ 15.19 7.99
皿 25.20 ]9.08 6.79 12.59 5.82
Y } 一 一 一 一
TABLE 20. Contents of Carbohydrates (B) Ak'a Hen (on dry basrs, olo )
POSitiOn Tota1Sηgar SOl.Sugar Red.Sn酔r NO岨ea.Sug町 Starch
I 一 一 一 一 一皿 12.34 8.19 6.23 1.91 4.15
I。(汎f 皿 ]2.50 8.80 6.53 2.27 3.7011皿
16.05 工1.16 8.81 2.35 4.89
Y コ7.91 14.7コ 1O.22 4.49 3.20
I 31。ユ7 24.23 7.9ユ 16.32 6.94
皿 33.42 27.42 7.30 20.12 6.00Sten1 皿 35.61 25.96 9.48 16.48 9.65
皿 32.70 24.02 12.19 11.83 8.68
Y 一 一 } 一 一
4.Total nitrogen: We used the' modi._i(~d f'olnimicro K,jeldr,hl method61) of total nitrogen as the
follow ingo' : _
Manipulation. Tal-'¥c O.Sg.of the s:')]ll)le, 3g.of the digestion accelenLtor (ccpper sulfate : potas-
siu,m su,Ifale = I : 9), and 5cc. of concentrate'd sulfuric acid into the di*g'e8tion flask (70cc.). The
mixture w ."~s heirted slowly to decoJnposc to dark-brow n -> orange-brown -> clear pale yellow ish
green cotor '.-Ifte>r half an hollr The hc',~tm(,b' was contmued SO mllo;utes more to digest conrpletely
(The decolnposed v tpors ot sulfurlc actd ¥vere escLped to the runnlng w Lter throu*gh the fulne pipe
of glass attached to an aspir.Ltor.)
The digc'sted liquid was coolecl and dil'tlt(・d with a little water and 'transfon'ned to the 100cc.-mess-
'l' Lk( f¥ cc (.{yene'r 1ly 10-20cc.) from the above licluid into the distillin~"_ flask flask to the mark . .t *
and added ~O~:-NaOH 80~ution (.'~r._)out 15-2Scc.) to strong alk.aline nlixtu]c'. rThen distillt,d with
steam the almnoma evolved m ste Lm w Ls rbsorbed m a cc. of N/50-H2S04 . A-f'ter thd distillation w'.'.s
over ( Lbout 8 nnntltes) th(.・ exc'('ss sulfurlc acld w.'s tltr Lted to nelltr tl with b cc. of N/lOO-NaOH
71
solntion when boiled for l-3 Ininute ancl in the hot st・.~tc' in p-rt,sc'nce of tnethyl red as an indic'ator.
If a cc. of NISO-H2SO~ corresponds to d cc. of N/100-NaOH, and x (nrga.) be the quantity of
nitrogen psr lcc, of N/lOO-NaOH, ¥'ve have the next relation : -
Nitrogen in .A cc. =x(d _ b) nrg.
where x Inay bc' calculatc'd from thc' follow ing two equations (i,ii) as O. 140 m,ha.
H2S04 + 2NaOH = Na2S04 + 2H20 ・・・・・・・・・・・・(i)
H2S04 + 2_NH3 = (NH4)2S04"""""" """"'(.ii)
(N B We prepared the N /50-H2S04 soh・ttion by titration in hot sttLte ~v it,h a stand:trd solutron
of N/5D-Na2C03 1lsinga methyl red as an indicator.) '
5. Proteins: It is obtained from the total nitrogen nuiltiplied w ith 6.25 (tl]e average' content of
nitrogen in proteins is 16~6).
6. Soluble nitrogen : ~Veigh 5~g'. of the s'anlplc' to the 250cc.-me~s-'fl'asl." and 'added 80cc. of distilled
watc'r, lOcc. of I ~~~-sodit.1ln tungstate, and 10cc. of 2/3N-H~SO~. After st・and over ni~o'ht we l'n'ade it to
250cc. 'and filtered. ~¥'e used the definite volmlle(25 or 50cc.)of the filt,rate for the soluble nitro~aen
by Kjelda'hl's method.
7. Proteinous nitrogen : ~¥'e calcul'.rted the difference from total nitrog."en to sol'uble nitrogen.
8. Ammoniacal nitrogen : We used the de!inite volunre of the filtrate for analyzing soluble nitrogen
through Folin' s aer.ation method58) (,FI(~f.10).
E
~~
F
B
1,
C .
A
I)
o ooo
~~
A : Dil H9S04 B Sanrple sohltlon O Nornl LI LCld
D Safety bottle E Pinch cock .F , (jful'll plate
.L~'r(1'.10. App'aratus for Alnnloni'a aeration method
'l' Lkrng lOcc of the filtrLte mto the cllstilling tube B (2 5X20cm ) wlth 1-2 drops of phenolphth-
alein solution and dik~Ped in the water b'ath at 40-5000. 'l'he absorbing tube O, in which the liquid
1'.ryer waS nlade up to 5 Gnl. by 'adding 3cc. of N/50-H_・SO~ and 10Gc. of, wlLter, was connectcd to B.
luto the lrguld m B whlch we suokmg gently wlth asplrLtor we added O 5cc. of a reag(,nt (lO
72
..*".of :1-nhydrous sodiu,m carbonate, 15 g'.of' potassitf,7n o.,calate, and dis_tilled w'ater to 'the 100cc.
solution) to w eak alkaline sttLte. Then suoked it f・aintly f'or S nlinutes and again strongly. At last *
it was clistilled in vacmlm 'ibr 3 minutes af'ter shutting: with the pinchcock E, ancl the liberated
ammonia was absorbed w ith the standard sulfuric acid in the tube C. 'l'he tinre of aeration is
ell~ough f'or 30 Ininutes. il]he contents of the absorption tube O was transt'onned to the 200cc.-
Erlenlneyer flask ・and tiLratecl as usual i?or the nitrogen with N/100-NaOH solution usin~:,_, methyl
red ・as an indicator. The results arc shown il~ the 'l]ABI.E~~ 21 tnd 22
TABLE 21. Contents of Nitrogen Compounds (A) San B1 (on dry basls ~~)
POSitiOn TO側一N PrOte虹一N So1.一N N,H3-N
…、/lけ 一 一 一 }2.910 2.513 O.397 0.037
3.528 3.014 O.514 0.065
3.98] 3.192 O.789 O.ユO1
4.353 3.281 1.072 O.109
I O.757 O.584 O.173 □一
皿 O.866 0.643 0.223一
Stem 1皿 1.047 O.808 O.239一
皿 1.458 1.217 O.241一
V 2.089一 一 一
TABLE 22 Contents of Nrtrogen Compounds(B) Aka-Hen (on dry basis,~~)
POSitiOn Tota1-N PrOtein.N So1.。N NlH3瓜
I 一 一 一 一]1二
2.175 1.994 O.181 O.O19
I。帆f 皿 2.445 2.204 O.241 O.058
皿 2.976 2.544 O.432 O.062
V 3.433 2.828 0.605 O.078
、一/1甘 O.567 O.431 0.】36一
O.641 0.450 O.一96一
0.763 O.557 O,206一
O.998 0.789 O.209一
1.511一 一 一
9. Fat : 2-3 g.of the' sanrple waLr, e,xtnLcted with the Soxhlet extractor usintbo' ether as a
was roquired 16 hr8. : I a,ves, and 8 hrs. : ste]ns) ('11ABLE 23,24).
lO Cellulose Bor th( ul ly~5ls oL cellulose'd"') t)y the Or,oss-Bevan's method we took
ether insoluble residue. ¥,¥'e adoPted Do._ re s' Lpp 'rrtus. The sa]nple was tlken to the
solvont (it
1 -2
(r~~ las s
g. of
f ilte'r
7 i)'
c'l(1'3" (which pre-weig'hed) and washed with distilled w'ater, then chlorinated (chlori,ne was evolved
from KMnOi and HCl) throutgh the covering.' funnel . The flow of the chlorine was ad,juste,d for con-
stant bubble nunrbers of 15D-180 per nlfnute. After the chlorin'ation for 20 nlinutes, it was washed
w ith hot water and renloved again tbe chlorine with 2~6-sodium s'u,Ifite solution. Transforming, then
the contents in the filter to the 300cc. Erlenmeyer flask with 100-120cc. of 3~6_sodiu,m su,Ifite
solution., and boiled for 15 minutes.
By repeating the trc'-Ltments wrth washing, chlorin'ation, and sodiu'u sulfite digestion, the saurple
becanle nearly white. This white substance was bleached with 20cc. of 0.1~6-KMn04 solutiol~
and w:tshed with sulfite solution, and again with the large qua.ntity of hot water (over 2 Iiters). It
was washed to the' Iast wrth 95~6 ethanol Ind dned at i05'O to the const Lnt ¥velght (ef A O.A.C.
Inethod5~) ) These results are shown m the followrng lIABLE,'~e; 23 and 24.
TABLE 23. Contents of Olb'7amc Substances (A) San B1 (on dry basls 7~ool)
止OSitiOn C∬b・hyd・・te PrOtei皿 Fat Ceu11Iose一1 一 一 7.09 }
8.64 18.19 5.86 18.2
9.14 22.06 6.24 工7.1
9.34 24.88 5.76 14.3
1l.06 27.19 5.ρg 12.3
I 23.85 4.75 O.78 34.7
皿 27.30 5.38 O.67 3].O
Ste㎜ 皿 28.09 6.56 1.26 27.ユ
皿 25.20 9.13 1.66 24.2
Y 一 13.06 1.67 19.6
TABLE 24 Contents of Orgamc Substances (B) Aka-Hen (on dry basls,.o/o )
PO釧iO凪 C・rbohyd胞te hOte加 肋t Cθuu1o帥
…、/1甘 一 } 一 一12.34 13.63 5.79 16.O
12.50 15.25 5.56 14.216.05 18.63 4.94 工1.3
17.91 21・44 5.30 10.0
I 31.17 3.56 O.48 30.7
I 33.42 4.OO O.70 28.9
Stem 皿 35.61 4.75 O.64 24.2]皿 32.70 6.25 0.99 20.2
V 一 9.44 1.75 16.8
74
REFERENCES
GENE1Rム。LS
l)S.工dhimura,T.Otsuki: “O11Iti▽a.tio110ザMenth.a”(工946).
2) 『二I二1.Nagasawa:“Science()r〕Mentha” (1950).
3)Okay伽na Prefect.Agr.Ex’P」.Sta.tion:‘‘Ouエユi惚tion oグMe1皿北a ana Ma・m1胞cture oNhe Oi1”
(工95工).
4)Japan闘e皿xpor工i:ng Agric1lIt11ra1Products Oo.:‘40n肚e Oh.i皿ese Mi皿t,,(且942)。
5)T.Nag蝸awa:Peppermint in Brazi1,(1)~(2).(丁伽榔ヴ0尾仰α㎜α■g7.Eκが.8肋.,No.
401. 4361~4369;4377^ゴ4384 (ユ953))。
6)1一.Nasu:O砒e of此e Jap抑o船Mint ana Dog-mint.(Rφ〃B〃〃.0肋γα舳α■9γ.
1~φo〃〃, 工τo. 21, 1O~14 (1950)).
7)工τ. 1lked沁:“Mint_f)yre此.n1n1Serie島”(1952)。
COMPONENTS OF THE ESSEN珊AL O皿LS
8)(壬.H:.B・・k鮒,A.W・i.hい6・th・皿鯛・・tilllOi1・・fJ榊・㈱Mi・・.(∫.0.8.,1,3(1876)).
9)M.lMoriya:O皿比e Spirit of Mi皿t.(∫・0加肌・806・ro為ツo.2,105~124(1881))・
1O)Y.Mτ1rayan岨:On the Oonstituents of Japanese lM虹己Oi1.(∫.Pゐ鮒刎・806・1φ伽,幽,]41~144
(1910);∫.α舳・8…r・紗・・3211089(1911))・
11)E Sh1no帆k1,T.N。しga帥wa Rese,rch鵠on肚e Ja.Pan闘e Peplpem1mt Ol1s(皿)・(一Rφ玄.0∫α戻α
〃ψ.〃.R舳κH倣・,工O(4),1~]OO(1929);∫・8…α舳・”リα卿,
32, 577~582(1929)).
12)E.Sh.i皿o晩ki,T.Nag鴻awa.:Rese鮒dhes on工he Ja’Pa川錦e peppermin三〇ils(皿).(R吻τ.0∫α肋
肋ク・〃.R㈱肋伽.,lo(5),1~60(1929);∫・8・㌫α肌〃・.1α卿,32
582~587 (]929)).
ユ3)S.丁汕ak肌:O1n工he Oo蝸t汕1eωs or Deme軸h(l1i鵬d Oi1・ (∫・0加〃2・806・∫αμ〃,50,546~552
(ユ929)).
14) T.Naga帆wa :On.the E闘enti肌工Oiヱof “Be皿i士〔akka” (‘‘S汕・Bi,,).(Pπb嚇hed,at-he 16此
meeting(at,F11k,ly2m1肌,lM[肌y 6工h,工955)of工he Ohπgoku-Shi1(ok1l Bra皿ch or肚e
Ohemic星し工S()ci軌y of Japan.)
15)Y.Fuji帆:Biogenesis of J呈Ψ岨蝸e lMint Oi1.(Rθμ・86づ・8oo・∫%伽,10(1)。91~95(]935)).
16)E.Shin()帥ki,T.N~しg呈L舳wa,A.M汎1くi皿o:R蝸earches on the Japanese Pe・PPermi皿t Oils(皿).
(Rθが.0∫α肋〃ゆ.11〃.一R鮒ακゐ伽並.,7(15),1~26(1927)).
17) K.H汎y1帽hi:On the N汕urM Mint O胴.(一Rφf・Ho触α〃o肋∂.Eκμ.Lαろ.,87(1943)).
18) M.I=to :Stud.ics on tho W1int (皿~11皿). (1モθ少f・ 11o后戻α{∂o1売∂・17κカτ.1二αろ.,107, 1~11 (1951)).
・19)M.rto:Stl1d.i蝸on the Mint(Y~W).(Rθμ.Ho触α〃o〃∂.Eκμ.Lαろ.,皿刎,1~]2(1956)).
75
PLANT SPECIES
20) 'l].N.ag'asawa : A 'llre~tlse on "rnu H Il+kn" . - -' (Dr),g"*Itlint). (Rapid Bu,ll. Okaya,na A,gr. Refo,'rn,
No. 16 (19SO)).
21) 'l* Nagasawa On the Pro~~ress of Jap-','ulese (~femls ~/lenthiL (1). (K07yo No 13 17-19 (1950))
22) T Nagas~wa On the Progrpss ot Jap mese C:(enus Mcnth L (1). K:oryo, No. 14, 29-31 (1951))
23) T I~Tao~asa~v L On the Pro~~*ress of .Japanese (i(enus Mentha (M). (Kloryo,l~o. 17, 43-46 (1951)).
, . (Okayama 24) S.Oh,alnura : OhrLracter~* of the New Mmt Specle8 "Benl K~ukl" (telnpor lry n une)
Agr. Refor7u, No. 57(8) , 64(1953)).
- -,. . (Okaya7na Agr. Refo;In No 59 24-31 (1953)) 25) 'r. .NagasiLwa : A Tre;Ltl~'L* on "B~nl H Lkk.L"
26) ~5 Oh Inmr L rntroducm~ t'ne New Mmt ~~)ecl('s "Benl I¥ul~i". (Ti;nes of Oka_va'ma Agr.
E.xt)t. Sta., No. 405, 4435-4437(1953)).
27) T . N'ag,astLwa : On the Pro".ress or .J.lp Lnese (1enus ' , Montha (~l). (Special B'ull. , Okayarna
4gr E,rpt Sta., No. 48, l-26 (195)')).
28) T . I~:iLgas~Lwa : O_ n the' 'eBenl H.tkk t" (Ko, vo r~:o 29 18-30(1954))
29) 'r ._NiLgilsawtL : On the ~)rogre,'.'s of .Japanese (~enus ~/lenth'."I ( V). (Special B'ull. , Oka_va",na
Agr. E.,rpt. Sta. , N0.50,1-)'4(1954)).
30) Y . Il-ehata : C1 Itiv"Ition of ~)'ul Bi" (The nc'w fine lllh t) (Ti7'res of Okaya71la Agr Expt. + * * I * c+~+. _ _ I . . * . . Sta., No. 422, 4683-4686 (1954))
31) T.1,~' it:uluu'a, l'i . Shichiji : The Chr~riLcters (-)f "H,~)1cu-Shin" (The new fine lllint). (Hokwao, 5
(9) , 374-376 (1938)).
32) H I¥'.tsano et tl 'l'he Oh ~r Lctels or '(Man-Y(-)" (The' new fine, Inint). (Flokuno, 20 (4),
85-9D (1953)).
33) S.~~_'hilnizu : Studies on Microdeter]llination c'f thc Oonstituonts of Pep}~0,rlnint Oil. (Rept.
Sh.inshu. Univ No 4 291-322(1954))
34) T._Na.~"asawa : Stuclies on the Discrilnination of Mentha (1). (Published at the Okayalna
nleetin~" (Okay. ilma , Sept. 24th , 1955) of the Chu~~ol~-u.-Sl]ik-oku Branch of
the Che]nical Society of Jal-)aT~.).
GROWTH
35) C.T,'Ln'aka : Chelllical Developlllell~t in the (~'rowth of Balnboo Shoots (1). (J~iochemical
Studies on the' Bamboo. r . ) . (Amtiversar'v Tlolume dedicated to Mas'umi
Chikashige (1930), p. 139-148).
36) T .Nagas,Lwa : Sc'-Isonal ¥7ariatiol~~s in the Chelnic:LI Colnpositio_.ns of th(_,} MadrLk"e (Phyllosta-
clzys quilioi. F. M .). (Biochenlicitl Studies on the J3a]llboo. ~1.).
(Amtiversary ~・'olu,me dedicated to fl/Ias'u'ni Chikashige (1930), p. 183-193)
37) O1.ayallla Prel~"' Agr. I{',xpt. Station; : The R(~sults of .-"xallllnatlon or Mlnt (1937)
38) Y L{ukushl,na : On the Bi0,~~enetic S_'tudies of Pepperlnint Oil.
76
(P肌0γ・ク跳8・・。仰α・,皿且(1),147~164(1939))。
39)K・Miy;工ke,YJshizuk3:Stπd.ieso凪the Nutritio蝋1Physio1ogyofM虹t PIa皿t(I).
(1・跳8α.1肋伽〃θ,∫α卿,ユ2(4),374~394(1938)).
40)K・Miy糺ke,Y・rshizuka:Studi蝸on the Nutritio皿a工PhysioIogy of Mi姉P1仰t(皿).
(∫・航8・〃肌伽〃θ,∫αカ伽,12(6)、541~566(1938)).
41)K・・蝸hiki(加.Ag・.賊・m賑pt.S㈱i・口:Th・.R■・舳・・fEx舳in・ti・皿・flMin1(脳9).
42)K11r蝸hiki Br側ch o60kayan1乳Agr.週xl)t.Stalio:n:The Rθsu胸oF E則肌imt三〇n of Mint(工95ユ)。
43)H・kk1舳Ag・・E・pt・S榊i・・:Th・R舳1t・・fE醐・i卿ti…川i皿t(胴).
44)H・I口o11el S・Oh伽mra:On the Oro鯛虹9虹Jap仰e舶PepPerm1虹t(I~皿).(Pγ06,070ρ8砿.
8…、∫αカ伽,2工(3~4),309~3103u~312(1952))。
45)N・〔ked・a・T・Ogo:Stud、三鵠()f M虹t Breeaing(I).(8カθ6αZ励〃.,0肋ツ”ηα■鮒.Eゆf.8肋.,
工To. 49, 69~74 (工954)).
46)N・工ked・a・S・Ud・o:Studi蝸of Mint-Breeding(皿).(8〇三.Rθμ.ハαα41妙ψ■g7.0肋γα閉α
ひ加.,N・.4,43~49(1954)).
47)N・工k・a肌,T・K・ni舳:St1・di…fMi鮎B…di㎎(皿).(8・ξ.助1.肋α伽呼伽.
0々αγα吻αo加あ.,No.5,]~9(1954)).
48)S・Oha〕11ura:O皿the APPeara凪ce a凪a Growth()ポMint U1ユaergr(川:nd.Rootst()cks.
(8少θ6ケα1B7〃.,0肋γα閉αノgγ.Eゆエ.8如.,No.52]25~142(1955))。
49)S Oh・1川1ula Stηd1es of the M1n工Seed11口蝸r↓1sed by SeIf皿ert1I1zat1on (8カθαα1B〃〃 ,
0肋γα閉α■gγ.Eκμ.8肱.,No.53,155~168(1955)).
50)s・0h・川1ura・:Propag孔tion of Mint by ontting。(P’・06・oγoカ86・806..1αカα〃,23(3),205
(=1955))。
51)S.Oh孔mura:Studie80f the M汕uri口g P1肌皿s for SuccossiyG Oropping oF Min,t.(P700.0グoク
駄8・・.∫α卿,24(1),48~50(1955)).
52)H・Olζud,a・ ‘‘Exper1肚ents1n P1仰t Nutr1tlo皿a皿d-Phys1o1ogy1,(且953).
53)A.Fujiw岨a,K.Ohira,S.Nari帆:Stud,ies on the Nitrogen Nutritio皿or Orops(I~皿).
(∫・8・タ.8・〃吻舳κ,∫φα・,22,91~96;97~102(1952)).
54)G.Ton1od.牝,K.Kud,o,Y.丁汕1nki:‘.皿xperiI1咄口的on Oarbohydrates,,(1955).
55)Tokyo U1ユ肘・,I」肌b.Agr.OheI11istry:“皿xperil11ents()n AgricuItur~工10he111istry’,, 皿(1952).
56)T.Nag批h~πa,S.rwao:“Food AnlユIysis,,(ユ955).
57)J Bon皿er “PIant B1ochej111飢ry”(且950)
58)H・kk孔id・U1・i・.,エハb.P1汕tPhysi・1・gy:‘‘一P帆cti・・inP1汕tPhysi・1・gy”(1954)。
59)S.Ko111肌tsu,T.Suzuki:On the Growユh oF Rice.Pllmt.(Rθμ.86ξ.8oo.,∫ゆ伽,14(2),
333~336 (1939)).
60) T.Sπzuki :Biochen1ic:し1Studies()n the({rowth oF th.e Rice-P1a1nt (皿1~皿I).
(■舳〃ZRθμ.〃’θP砂.醐む。,1V砿1,8・5.,ユ(3),195~214;215~240(1954)).
61)S.Nishig肌ki,lM.Shibπya:On工he Seハ1in1ヨc1’o Am1ysis of Nitrogen or the Orop。
(I)ub1湘hed twice at the n1ecting of the Scientific Soil lMa1nπre oF J肌p^口,
1951_12 and.工952_4。).