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Page 1: I) Where Mountains Form A)Mountain Belts 1) Most Mountains are associated with convergent plate boundaries 2) Most mountains occur in long belts that
Page 2: I) Where Mountains Form A)Mountain Belts 1) Most Mountains are associated with convergent plate boundaries 2) Most mountains occur in long belts that

I) Where Mountains FormA)Mountain Belts

1) Most Mountains are associated with convergent plate boundaries

2) Most mountains occur in long belts that follow convergent boundaries

3) Himalayas lie along a current convergent boundary

4) Appalachians are in the middle of a plate – but were formed by converging plates over a billion years ago.

Page 3: I) Where Mountains Form A)Mountain Belts 1) Most Mountains are associated with convergent plate boundaries 2) Most mountains occur in long belts that

B) Continental Margins (land and sea meet)

1) Active Margins

a) occur along plate boundaries

b) mountain building takes place

c) Himalayan Mountains

2) Passive Margins

a) stable areas away from plate

boundaries

b) Appalachian Mountains

Page 4: I) Where Mountains Form A)Mountain Belts 1) Most Mountains are associated with convergent plate boundaries 2) Most mountains occur in long belts that

c) Passive margins provide the materials or

sediments from which mountains form.

Active

Passive

Page 5: I) Where Mountains Form A)Mountain Belts 1) Most Mountains are associated with convergent plate boundaries 2) Most mountains occur in long belts that

IV) Mountain Building

A)Major mountain systems are related

to plate tectonics. Most mountains

form along convergent boundaries

Where else would

you find mountains?

Divergent Boundaries

Hot Spots

Page 6: I) Where Mountains Form A)Mountain Belts 1) Most Mountains are associated with convergent plate boundaries 2) Most mountains occur in long belts that

V) Mountain Facts

A) Himalayan Mountains

1) The largest/highest mountain range

B) Mid-Atlantic Ridge

1) The longest mountain range

Page 7: I) Where Mountains Form A)Mountain Belts 1) Most Mountains are associated with convergent plate boundaries 2) Most mountains occur in long belts that

Factors that affect mountain Factors that affect mountain DeformationDeformation

• Deformation – all changes that occur to a body of rock.

1. Temperature

2. Pressure

3. Rock Type

4. Time exposed to pressure or heat

Page 8: I) Where Mountains Form A)Mountain Belts 1) Most Mountains are associated with convergent plate boundaries 2) Most mountains occur in long belts that

Tectonic ForcesTectonic Forces

Mountains are the result of rock that is permanently deformed by stress/forces

• Three types of forces cause three types of faults:

• Tension

• Compression

• Shear

Page 9: I) Where Mountains Form A)Mountain Belts 1) Most Mountains are associated with convergent plate boundaries 2) Most mountains occur in long belts that

1) Break in crustal rock with movement

Page 10: I) Where Mountains Form A)Mountain Belts 1) Most Mountains are associated with convergent plate boundaries 2) Most mountains occur in long belts that

Normal FaultsNormal Faults((Dip-slip fault)Dip-slip fault)

Page 11: I) Where Mountains Form A)Mountain Belts 1) Most Mountains are associated with convergent plate boundaries 2) Most mountains occur in long belts that

Normal Reverse Thrust Strike-Slip

Type of Force

Name of Boundary

Type of Mountains

Direction it is moving /illustration

Page 12: I) Where Mountains Form A)Mountain Belts 1) Most Mountains are associated with convergent plate boundaries 2) Most mountains occur in long belts that

Reverse FaultsReverse Faults ( (Dip-slip fault)Dip-slip fault)

• Caused by COMPRESSION forces

• Occur along convergent plate boundaries

• Hanging wall surface moves UPWARD

Page 13: I) Where Mountains Form A)Mountain Belts 1) Most Mountains are associated with convergent plate boundaries 2) Most mountains occur in long belts that

Strike-Slip FaultsStrike-Slip Faults

• Caused by SHEAR forces

• Occur along transform plate boundaries

• Rocks on either side of fault line move past each other with NO vertical movement.

Page 14: I) Where Mountains Form A)Mountain Belts 1) Most Mountains are associated with convergent plate boundaries 2) Most mountains occur in long belts that
Page 15: I) Where Mountains Form A)Mountain Belts 1) Most Mountains are associated with convergent plate boundaries 2) Most mountains occur in long belts that

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BLZurdq2qpk&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BLZurdq2qpk&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BLZurdq2qpk&feature=related
Page 16: I) Where Mountains Form A)Mountain Belts 1) Most Mountains are associated with convergent plate boundaries 2) Most mountains occur in long belts that

Horsts & Grabens

• Large blocks of crust that rise due faulting on either side of the block.

•http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5rmF4bY7VMk&feature=related

Page 17: I) Where Mountains Form A)Mountain Belts 1) Most Mountains are associated with convergent plate boundaries 2) Most mountains occur in long belts that
Page 18: I) Where Mountains Form A)Mountain Belts 1) Most Mountains are associated with convergent plate boundaries 2) Most mountains occur in long belts that

Name this fault! Name this fault!

Page 19: I) Where Mountains Form A)Mountain Belts 1) Most Mountains are associated with convergent plate boundaries 2) Most mountains occur in long belts that

III) Types of Mountains

A)Mountains are classified according

to their dominant features

B) Four main categories

1) Volcanic mountains

Page 20: I) Where Mountains Form A)Mountain Belts 1) Most Mountains are associated with convergent plate boundaries 2) Most mountains occur in long belts that

Volcanic MountainsVolcanic Mountains• Formed by lava and pyroclastic material that

build up.

Page 21: I) Where Mountains Form A)Mountain Belts 1) Most Mountains are associated with convergent plate boundaries 2) Most mountains occur in long belts that

2) Folded mountains

a) Largest mountains on Earth

b) Urals, Himalayas, Appalachians

Page 22: I) Where Mountains Form A)Mountain Belts 1) Most Mountains are associated with convergent plate boundaries 2) Most mountains occur in long belts that

Folded MountainsFolded Mountains

• Mountains that form from folding processes (compression)

Page 23: I) Where Mountains Form A)Mountain Belts 1) Most Mountains are associated with convergent plate boundaries 2) Most mountains occur in long belts that

A) Folds

1) Rock is bent into a series of waves

2) Results from compressional force

3) Two common types of foldsa) Anticline – upward fold of rockb) Syncline – downward fold of rock

Page 24: I) Where Mountains Form A)Mountain Belts 1) Most Mountains are associated with convergent plate boundaries 2) Most mountains occur in long belts that
Page 25: I) Where Mountains Form A)Mountain Belts 1) Most Mountains are associated with convergent plate boundaries 2) Most mountains occur in long belts that

AnticlineAnticline

Page 26: I) Where Mountains Form A)Mountain Belts 1) Most Mountains are associated with convergent plate boundaries 2) Most mountains occur in long belts that

SynclinesSynclines

Page 27: I) Where Mountains Form A)Mountain Belts 1) Most Mountains are associated with convergent plate boundaries 2) Most mountains occur in long belts that

SynclineSyncline

Page 28: I) Where Mountains Form A)Mountain Belts 1) Most Mountains are associated with convergent plate boundaries 2) Most mountains occur in long belts that

MonoclineMonocline

Page 29: I) Where Mountains Form A)Mountain Belts 1) Most Mountains are associated with convergent plate boundaries 2) Most mountains occur in long belts that

Subduction zone animationSubduction zone animation

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=endscreen&NR=1&v=K8J7t3KYr9c

Page 30: I) Where Mountains Form A)Mountain Belts 1) Most Mountains are associated with convergent plate boundaries 2) Most mountains occur in long belts that
Page 31: I) Where Mountains Form A)Mountain Belts 1) Most Mountains are associated with convergent plate boundaries 2) Most mountains occur in long belts that

3) Fault-block mountains

a) Uplifted

b) Sierra Nevada Mountains

Page 32: I) Where Mountains Form A)Mountain Belts 1) Most Mountains are associated with convergent plate boundaries 2) Most mountains occur in long belts that

Fault-block mountains

a) Tilted

b) Teton Range, WY

Page 33: I) Where Mountains Form A)Mountain Belts 1) Most Mountains are associated with convergent plate boundaries 2) Most mountains occur in long belts that
Page 34: I) Where Mountains Form A)Mountain Belts 1) Most Mountains are associated with convergent plate boundaries 2) Most mountains occur in long belts that
Page 35: I) Where Mountains Form A)Mountain Belts 1) Most Mountains are associated with convergent plate boundaries 2) Most mountains occur in long belts that
Page 36: I) Where Mountains Form A)Mountain Belts 1) Most Mountains are associated with convergent plate boundaries 2) Most mountains occur in long belts that

4) Dome Mountains

a) Individual, isolated structures that form in layers of sedimentary rock.

b) There are two types of dome mountains:

Plutonic Dome

• an igneous intrusion

pushes up existing rock

layers.

Page 37: I) Where Mountains Form A)Mountain Belts 1) Most Mountains are associated with convergent plate boundaries 2) Most mountains occur in long belts that

Tectonic Dome

Tectonic Dome:

Black Hills of South Dakota (Mt. Rushmore)

Yosemite National Park

• uplifting forces arch

rock layers into a

dome

Page 38: I) Where Mountains Form A)Mountain Belts 1) Most Mountains are associated with convergent plate boundaries 2) Most mountains occur in long belts that

Normal Reverse Thrust Strike-Slip

Type of Force

Name of Boundary

Type of Mountains

Direction it is moving /illustration


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