ICT for EducationAn Overview

Prepared by

Kelvin K. Omieno

GLOBAL EDUCATION & LINKAGES

Overview

ICTs in Education – Dilemmas and Realities

Role and Nature of ICTs in Education Potential of ICTs From Potential to Effectiveness

Dilemmas

Qs about Value of ICTs

Myths

Pressures

•Belief

•Doubt

•Wait

•Belief

•Doubt

•Wait

•Monolithic

•Automatic

•Computers

•Substitute

•Monolithic

•Automatic

•Computers

•Substitute

•Vendors

•Parents

•Business

•Techies

•Vendors

•Parents

•Business

•Techies

Realities

Analyze Educational objectives

Determine Objective for ICT

Understand Potential of ICTs

Examine suitability of ICTs

Plan program of investment

Implement prerequisites and corequisites

Evaluate and adjust continuously

Decision

Maker

Necessity of ICTs

•Globalization of •Economy•Information

• Tech Innovations• Knowledge-based

•Economy•Society

•Escalating Demand for Education

Effective Learning

For All

Anytime

Anywhere

ICTs for Learning Objectives

Learning Objective Technology

Text Audio Video Computer

Internet

Storage or display x x x x x

Exploration x x x x x

Application x x x

Analysis x x

Evaluation x x x x x

Constructing or design of project

x x x

ICTs for What Purpose

ICTs for What PurposeICTs for Teaching Objectives

Teaching Objective Technology

Text Audio Video Computer

Internet

Presentation x x x x x

Demonstration x x x x x

Drill and practice x (e.g., Language lab)

x x

Animation and simulation x x

Research x x x x x

Collaboration/ communication networked

x

Management of student learning

x x x

ICTs and the SchoolTechnologies on Location Technologies at a Distance

Printed matter Correspondence

Slides, transparencies

Scanners

Digital notepads and white boards

Audiotapes Radio

Films and videos TV broadcasts

Digital books Web pages

CDs Web: Internet, intranet

Computer projection Webcast

ICTs for What Purpose

PotentialOf

ICTs

Access

Efficiency

Learning

Teaching

Skill Formation

LifelongLearning

Planning &Management

Community Linkages

Potential: 1. Expanding Educational Opportunities

• Radio Broadcast• Interactive Radio Instruction• Television• Virtual Schools• Virtual Universities

Potential: 2. Increasing Efficiency

Issues Dual Shift Systems Multigrade Schools Small Urban or Rural

Schools Flexibility in

Learning Schedule

Solutions Broadcast Radio Interactive

Radio Educational TV Virtual Online

Courses

Potential: 3. Enhancing Quality of Learning

Potential• Motivate and engage learners• Bring life to concepts and

processes• Foster inquiry• Provide flexibility• Allow application of information• Provide access to world of

information• Bring the world into the classroom• Offer collaborative opportunities

and communication• Offer tutored and individualized

learning

Solutions• Radio and TV• Multimedia Learning

Modules• Virtual Labs• Connecting to the

Worlds• Designing and Creating

Things

Potential: 4. Enhancing Quality of Teaching

Issues• Difficult Profession• No One-Shot

Training• Continuum

Initial Training Lifelong Upgrading Connecting

Solutions• Multimedia Training

and Support System• Training Videos• Teacher

Development Portal• Internet Resources

for Teachers

Potential: 5. Facilitating Skill Formation

• New Workplace Realities

• E-Training Just-in-Time Convenient Place Up-to-Pate User-centric

Solutions Simulations Competency-based

multi-media Video and

Interactive media Workplace Training

Potential: 6. Sustaining Lifelong Learning

Issues Workers need to learn

new skills Modern societies

demand constant updating

The “educated” can become obsolete

Life-cycle pattern is changing

Solutions Radio and TV Multimedia Packages Online Courses Open Universities “Third Age”

Universities

Potential: 7. Improving Policy Planning & Management

• Management of Institutions and Systems– School: Admissions, student flow, personnel,

staff development, facilities…– System: School mapping, personnel payroll, MIS,

communication, information, . . .

• Management of Policy Making– Storage and analysis of data– Construction and assessment of policy scenarios– Tracer studies and tracking systems

Potential: 8. Advancing Community Linkages

Growth in ICT Access

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Main telephone lines (millions) Mobile cellular subscribers (millions) Personal computers (millions) Internet users (millions)

Millions

Potential: 8. Advancing Community Linkages

Telephones, Cellular phones and PCs per 1,000 inhabitants

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Africa America w/o US& Canada

US and Canada Asia Europe Oceania WORLD

Telephone subscribers/100 Inhabitants

Cellular subscribers/100 Inhabitants

PCs/100 inhabitants

Potential: 8. Advancing Community Linkages

Internet hosts and users per 10,000 inhabitants

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

Africa America w/o US

& Canada

US and Canada Asia Europe Oceania WORLD

Internet Hosts/10,000inhabitants

Internet Users/10,000 inhabitants

Potential: 8. Advancing Community Linkages

• ICT access varies within countries• Disparities is magnified by gender factor• ICT access contributes to escape from poverty• ICT access for all requires attention to

– Infrastructure– Cost– Laws and regulations

Radio Stations and Receivers

DigitalSatelliteRadio

Crank Radio

Crank/SolarRadio

Suitcase Radio Station

Telecenters

Women-Friendly Telecenters

• Within accepted culture; fosters harmony• Women do not have to travel far• Center meets needs of men and women• No childcare problem• Space is roomy and provides privacy• Staff is well integrated

PrerequisitesCorequisites

Potential

Effectiveness

From Potential to Effectiveness

1. Educational Policy2. Approach to ICTs3. Infrastructure4. ICT-Enhanced Content5. Committed and Trained Personnel6. Financial Resources 7. Integration8. Piloting and Evaluation

Conclusion

• To Tech or not to Tech Education

• ICT ――►Education More Effective and Responsive

ICTs

X

“We do not think anymore of the spectacle of printing every time we read a book, the phenomenon of TV every time we watch a movie, or the miracle of the telephone every time we make a call.

The ultimate success of ICTs for learning will be attained when we stop marveling about the ICTs and apply our minds and emotions to the wonders of learning.”

The End

Levels of ICTs

Constructing or design of

Project

Evaluation

Analysis

Application

Exploration

Storage or display

Passive ACTIVE

LEARNER’S ROLE

Levels of ICTs for Different Learning Objectives and Roles of Learners

LEARNING OBJECTIVE

Levels of ICTs for Different Teaching Uses and Roles of Teachers

Levels of ICTs

Management of Student

Learning

Collaboration/Communicatio

n

Research

Animation/ Simulation

Drill & Practice

Demonstration

Presentation

Provider Facilitator

TEACHER’S ROLE

TEACHING OBJECTIVE

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Infrastructure

Namibia SchoolnetPedal Power

Generator

Solar Energy

Wind Power Generator

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5. Costing and Budgeting

Total Cost of Ownership Acquisition - hardware and software Installation and configuration Connectivity Maintenance : 15-20% of initial investment Supplies: 8-10% Utilities: 4-8% Computer training 5-10% Retrofitting of physical facilities replacement costs (5-7 years)

Additional Costs Acquisition and creation of content materials Orientation and training of staff Testing, evaluation and adjustment

31-48%

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