idle mode and common channel behavior__wcdma ran

Idle Mode and Common Channel Behavior WCDMA RAN

Contents

USER DESCRIPTION 71/1553-HSD 101 02 Uen K

1 Introduction

1.1 Scope

1.2 Target Groups

1.3 Revision Information

2

Overview

2.1 LTE Cell Reselection (FAJ 121 1474)

2.2 Hierarchical Cell Structure (FAJ 121 1055)

2.3 SIB18 for Improved Inter PLMN Mobility (FAJ 121 1124)

2.4 Call Re-establishment (FAJ 121 1374)

2.5 Radio Information Management Support for System Information Transfer to LTE

(FAJ 121 2179)

2.6 CS Voice Fallback from LTE (FAJ 121 1610) with Deferred Measurement Control

Reading

3

Functional Descriptions

3.1 PLMN Selection

3.1.1 Service Types

3.1.2 PLMN Selection at Switch-On

3.1.3 Automatic PLMN Selection Mode

3.1.4 Manual PLMN Selection Mode

3.1.5 Roaming

3.2 Cell Selection and Reselection

3.2.1 Cell Search Procedure

3.2.2 Cell Selection Procedure

3.2.3 Legacy Cell Reselection Procedure

3.2.4 Legacy Cell Reselection when HCS is Used

3.2.5 Priority-Based Cell Reselection

3.3 Location and Routing Area Updating

3.3.1 LA and RA Structure

3.3.2 Usual LA and RA Updating

3.3.3 Periodic LA and RA Updating

3.3.4 IMSI Attach/Detach

3.4 Cell Update

3.5 URA Handling

3.5.1 Configuration of URAs

3.5.2 URA Update

3.6 Paging

3.6.1 Paging in Idle Mode and in URA_PCH

3.6.2 Paging in CELL_FACH or CELL_DCH State

3.6.3 Updated System Information Originating from the WCDMA RAN

3.7 System Information

3.7.1 System Information Structure

3.7.2 System Information Update

3.7.3 Changing of Scheduling Information

3.7.4 System Information Change with RIM Support for System Information Transfer

to LTE (FAJ 121 2179)

4

Activation and Deactivation


of 57Idle Mode and Common Channel Behavior

15.10.2013.file://C:\Users\lukaaral\AppData\Local\Temp\ALEX_TMP\1049\alex0313.htm

4.1.1 Preconditions for Activation

4.1.2 Activation

4.1.3 Preconditions for Deactivation

4.1.4 Deactivation



4.2.2 Activation


4.2.4 Deactivation



4.3.2 Activation


4.3.4 Deactivation

4.4 Deferred Measurement Control Reading enhancement to CS Voice Fallback from

LTE (FAJ 121 1610)


4.4.2 Activation


4.4.4 Deactivation

5

Engineering Guidelines

5.1 Cell Selection

5.2 Cell Reselection

5.2.1 Measurements

5.2.2 Cell Ranking

5.3 HCS Deployment Example

5.4 Deployment of an Additional Carrier

5.5 GSM to WCDMA Cell Reselection

5.6 Paging

5.6.1 DRX Cycle Length Coefficient in Idle Mode

5.6.2 DRX Cycle Length Coefficient in URA_PCH


5.7.1 Scheduling Block Deployment

5.7.2 SIB18 Deployment

5.7.3 Alternative SIB Schedules

5.8 URA Planning

5.9 Camping in Idle Mode with Frequency Priority at Connection Release (FAJ 121

2368)

6

Parameters

6.1 Descriptions

6.1.1 Cell Selection and Reselection

6.1.2 Location and Routing Area Updating

6.1.3 URA Handling

6.1.4 Paging

6.1.5 System Information

6.2 Values and Ranges

Reference List

Copyright© Ericsson AB 2011, 2012. All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced in any form without the written permission of the copyright owner.

DisclaimerThe contents of this document are subject to revision without notice due to continued progress in methodology, design and manufacturing. Ericsson shall have no liability for any error or damage of any kind resulting from the use of this document.

Trademark ListAll trademarks mentioned herein are the property of their respective owners. These are shown in the document Trademark Information.



1 Introduction

User Equipment (UE) that is powered on, but does not have a connection to the Radio

Network is defined as being in Idle Mode. A UE in Idle Mode can both access and be

reached by the system.

A UE that has an RRC connection is defined as being in Connected Mode. A UE in Connected

Mode using the common channels RACH (or E-DCH if Enhanced Uplink for FACH feature

(FAJ 121 1652) is activated) in the UL and FACH (or HS-DSCH if Enhanced Uplink for FACH

is activated) in the DL is defined as being in CELL_FACH state. A UE in Connected Mode

monitoring the paging channel is defined as being in URA_PCH state. The location of a UE

in URA_PCH is known by the WCDMA RAN on a UTRAN Registration area (URA) level.

A more detailed description of the different RRC states can be found in Reference [23].

For more information on Enhanced Uplink for FACH, refer to Reference [5].

1.1 Scope

This document provides a high-level description of the Idle Mode and the Connected Mode

behavior in CELL_FACH and URA_PCH states as well as the description of the capabilities

and the logic of these states. The document also contains parameter information related to

the functions performed in Idle Mode, CELL_FACH and URA_PCH states. Section 5 describes

Engineering Guidelines, which cover practical aspects of the parameter settings.

Features and parameters controlling access class barring are described in Reference [16].

Abbreviations and terms used in this document are explained in Reference [8].

1.2 Target Groups

This document is written for the following group of personnel: operators and, as an

important starting point, those who want to understand the Idle Mode and Common

Channel behavior in greater detail in order to control the functions and optimize the

parameter settings.

It is assumed that users of this document have a working knowledge of 3G

telecommunication and are familiar with WCDMA.

Personnel working on Ericsson products or systems must have the training and competence

required to perform their work correctly.

1.3 Revision Information

The following table lists the changes in the latest revisions of this document. Other than

editorial changes, this document has been revised as follows:

Table 1 Revision History

Rev Reason for Revision

G Added that Cell Reselection and Cell Update can be performed due to "Radio Link



2 Overview

In CELL_FACH state, the UE does not have a dedicated physical channel allocated. The UE

uses common transport channel RACH in the UL and on FACH or HS-DSCH in the DL.

In URA_PCH state, the Serving Radio Network Controller (SRNC) recognizes the UE at the

UTRAN Registration Area (URA) level. However, the UE is not able to transmit or receive

any control signals or data packets.

In Idle Mode, the UE has no connection to the radio network, and there is also no Radio

Resource Control (RRC) connection established. Keeping UEs in Idle Mode minimizes the

use of resources both for the UEs and in the network. However, the UEs must still be able

to access the system and be reached by the system with acceptable delays.

For more information about UE states, refer to Reference [4].

Table 2 presents UE procedures performed in different UE states: Idle Mode, URA_PCH and

CELL_FACH.

Failure" or "RLC unrecoverable error" in the UE due to Call Re-establishment (FAJ 121

1374): updated Section 3.4.

Described functionality of RIM Support for System Information Transfer to LTE (FAJ

121 2179) in Section 3.7.4.

Section 3.7.1 and Section 3.2.4.1 updated with SIB11 information so that HCS priority

layer can be configured by the operator.

H Call Re-establishment (FAJ 121 1374) behavior updated.

Described functionality of Deferred Measurement Control Reading enhancement to

feature CS Voice Fallback from LTE (FAJ 121 1610), see Section 2.6 and Section 4.4

J High Speed Downlink for FACH (FAJ 121 1537) enhancement described in Section

3.7.2.

Section 3.2.4.3 and Section 6 updated with more information on HCS configuration.

Section 5.9 updated due to Frequency Priority at Connection Release (FAJ 121 2368).

Section 2.4 and Section 3.7.3 updated.

Section 2.6 updated with the information on Rel-10 UEs with DMCR activated.

Section 2.1 updated due to Release with Redirect to LTE (FAJ 121 1474).

DMCR information revised: added Section 5.7.3.4 and updated Section 5.7.3.2.

Engineering Guidelines reviewed and updated.

K Updated references to external documents.

Table 2 UE Procedures in Different UE States

Procedure Description Applicable State

PLMN selection The UE selects and registers on a specific Public

Land Mobile Network (PLMN).

Idle Mode

URA_PCH

CELL_FACH

Cell selection The UE looks for a suitable cell in the selected

PLMN.

Idle Mode

URA_PCH

CELL_FACH

Cell reselection The UE camps on the cell that gives the highest Idle Mode




This feature provides the support that the UE needs to perform cell reselection from

WCDMA to LTE. The LTE frequencies and the parameters for priority based cell reselection

are sent on the broadcast channel in System Information Block type 19 (SIB19).

Cell reselection to LTE is supported by E-UTRA capable UEs in Idle Mode and in URA_PCH.

Release with Redirect to LTE (FAJ 121 2174) is a complement to LTE Cell Reselection. It

ensures mobility to LTE for an active UE that spends little time in Idle Mode or in state

URA_PCH where LTE Cell Reselection can be performed. For more information, refer to

Reference [7].


To enable the operator to control camping of UEs in Idle Mode and in Connected Mode, not

only according to best cell (RSCP or Ec/N0) but also according to cell hierarchy, Hierarchical

Cell Structures (HCS) (FAJ 121 1055) feature is used. When the quality from a cell is above

a certain level, the cell can be selected for hierarchical priority reasons, even though there

are stronger cells. HCS is optional and licensed on the node level. For more information,

see Section 5.3.


probability for successful monitoring of system

and paging information and for successful

connection establishment.

URA_PCH

CELL_FACH

LA and RA update

(periodical cell update)

LA and RA Update Informs the CN of the current

Location Area (LA) or Routing Area (RA) of the

UE, so that the network can send a paging

message to the UE.

Idle Mode

CELL_FACH

URA_PCH

Paging Paging makes the UE reachable by one or both

types (PS or CS) of the Core Networks (CNs)

supported by the PLMN.

Idle Mode

URA_PCH

CELL_FACH

Dedicated Paging Dedicated Paging makes the UE reachable by one

or both types (PS or CS) of the Core Networks

(CNs) supported by the PLMN.

CELL_DCH

Reading of

System

Information

Reading of System Information (SI) ensures that

the UE uses the most updated SI.

It is required to provide the UE with parameters

that control cell selection and reselection, paging,

location and routing area updating, access, and

other functions.

Idle Mode

CELL_FACH

URA_PCH

Cell Update Cell Update keeps WCDMA RAN informed about

the UEs location on the cell level.

CELL_FACH

URA_PCH

URA Update URA Update keeps WCDMA RAN informed about

the UEs location on the URA level.

URA_PCH



SIB18 for Improved Inter PLMN Mobility (FAJ 121 1124) improves the Inter PLMN GSM

performance for UEs when many GSM neighbor cells are not applicable for specific UEs. By

introducing SIB18 in system broadcast, the UE knows if a GSM cell is allowed or not and

thus does not have to measure and evaluate this cell for reselection, see Section 5.7.2.

2.4 Call Re-establishment (FAJ 121 1374)

Call Re-establishment is an optional feature that improves the end user call drop by using

automatic re-establishment of CS RABs. It allows the UE to request the re-establishment of

a connection when the loss of DL synchronization or RLC unrecoverable error has been

detected in the UE. When the UE loses a radio connection, RAB(s) can be released. For

more information, see Section 3.4 and Reference [2].

2.5 Radio Information Management Support for System Information Transfer to LTE (FAJ 121 2179)

Support for Radio Information Management (RIM) procedures allows the E-UTRAN NodeB

(eNB) to create and maintain relationships (RIM associations) to (external) UTRAN cells.

Once a relationship is defined by the operator in the eNB, it can request SI for the UTRAN

cell or can define a RIM association by requesting the RNC to report updates when the SI in

that UTRAN cell changes. This feature enables faster call setup in RAN by updating the eNB

with information about UTRAN cells. For more information, see Section 3.7.4 and Reference

[19].

2.6 CS Voice Fallback from LTE (FAJ 121 1610) with Deferred Measurement Control Reading

Deferred Measurement Control Reading (DMCR) in an enhancement to the existing feature

CS Voice Fallback from LTE (FAJ 121 1610) and serves to decrease the call setup time. The

DMCR feature makes it possible for the operator to switch on or off the support for DMCR

on cell level. If DMCR in a cell is on, the UE does not need to read and store SIB11, SIB12,

SIB18 and SIB19 before initial access (that is, when sending RRC Connection Request) or

before sending any RRC message in CELL_FACH. If the UE enters CELL_DCH without having

read SIB11, it starts soft or softer handover reporting based on the dedicated Measurement

Control information received after the RRC Connection has been established. A Rel-10 UE

can also defer reading of SIB18 and SIB19 (only if it has been redirected from LTE). For

activation and deactivation information, see Section 4.4.

3 Functional Descriptions

The tasks performed by Idle Mode UEs and Connected Mode UEs using the common

channels can be divided in the following seven processes:

� PLMN selection

� Cell selection and reselection

� LA and RA registration

� Paging procedure

� SI Broadcast

� Cell Update

� URA Update

For more information about listed processes, see Table 2.



Figure 1 illustrates the relationship between PLMN selection, cell selection and reselection

and LA and RA registration.

Figure 1 Relationship between PLMN Selection, Cell Selection and Reselection, and LA and

RA Registration

3.1 PLMN Selection

The UE selects a PLMN at power-on or upon recovery from the lack of coverage. It first

tries to select and register on the last registered PLMN, if such a PLMN exists. If registration

on a PLMN is successful, the UE shows this PLMN on the display, and it is now allowed to

perform or receive services from an operator. If there is no last registered PLMN, or if it is

unavailable, the UE tries to select another PLMN either automatically or manually,

depending on its operating mode. The automatic mode uses a list of PLMNs in priority

order, while the manual mode leaves the decision to the user and only shows the available

PLMNs.

The UE usually operates on its home PLMN. Another PLMN can be selected if, for example,

the UE loses coverage. The UE registers on a PLMN to find a suitable cell to camp on.

Registration has to be successful so that the UE can access the network.

Section 3.1.1 to Section 3.1.5 describe how the UE attempts to select and register on a

PLMN.

For a more detailed description of the PLMN selection process, refer to Reference [21].

3.1.1 Service Types

Camping on a cell is necessary for the UE to obtain access to certain services in the

network. The following three types of services are defined for the UE in the Idle Mode:

� Limited service, which allows the UE to make emergency calls only

� Normal service, for public use on a suitable cell

� Operator-related services, which allow the operator to test newly deployed cells

without being disturbed by normal traffic.

The operator can establish cell access restrictions using the cellReserved parameter that

allows the reservation of a cell for operator use only. It is also possible to restrict access for

certain Access Classes as described in Reference [16].



A UE obtains limited service when it camps on an acceptable cell. If the cell selection

criteria are fulfilled, the cell is considered acceptable.

A cell that allows normal service is defined as a suitable cell. A cell is suitable when the

following criteria are fulfilled:

� The cell belongs to the selected PLMN.

� The cell selection criteria are fulfilled.

� The cell is not a part of a forbidden registration area.

3.1.2 PLMN Selection at Switch-On

Whenever a UE is switched on or enters an area with acceptable coverage after coverage

loss, it attempts to camp on the last registered PLMN or equivalent PLMN, if available. To

speed up the PLMN selection procedure, the UE uses information about the last registered

PLMN, such as carrier frequencies or the list of neighboring cells stored in the USIM before

the UE was switched off. On each stored carrier frequency, the UE searches first for the

strongest signal cell and reads its SI to verify the PLMN to which the cell belongs. It also

reads the SI for PLMN identity, which consists of mcc and mnc. Then, the UE decides

whether the chosen cell is acceptable or whether at least one acceptable cell belonging to

that PLMN exists. Finally, the UE attempts registration if the PLMN is allowed.

If the last registered PLMN is not available, the registration attempt fails. If there is no

registered PLMN stored in the USIM, the UE selects and attempts registration on other

PLMNs using either the Automatic mode or the Manual mode.

3.1.3 Automatic PLMN Selection Mode

The Automatic PLMN selection mode is described in Figure 2.

In the Automatic mode, if no last registered PLMN exists or is available, the UE selects a

PLMN that is available and allowed, in the following order:

1. Home PLMN (HPLMN), if not previously selected, according to the Radio Access

Technologies (RATs) supported by the UE

2. Each PLMN in the user-controlled PLMNs list in the USIM, if present, in order of

priority, according to the RATs supported by the UE

3. Each PLMN in the operator-controlled PLMNs list in the USIM, in order of priority,

according to the RATs supported by the UE

4. Other PLMNs, according to the high-quality criterion, in random order

5. Other PLMNs that do not fulfill high-quality criterion, in order of decreasing signal

strength (SS)

PLMNs are considered of high quality if the Received Signal Strength Code Power (RSCP) on

the CPICH fulfills the high-quality criterion. The high-quality criterion is fulfilled when CPICH

RSCP level is greater than or equal to –95 (dBm). For GSM cells, the high-quality criterion

is fulfilled when the signal level is above –85 (dBm).

A PLMN with at least one acceptable cell is considered available. If that PLMN is allowed,

the UE tries to register on it. If registration is successful, the UE displays the selected

PLMN.

When the UE cannot register on any PLMN in the user and operator lists, it attempts to

register on other PLMNs according to the high-quality criterion. If the UE cannot register on



any PLMN, it selects an available PLMN and enters a limited service state. If it does not find

an available PLMN, the UE enters the non-service state, and waits until a new PLMN is

available and allowed.

Figure 2 PLMN Selection-Automatic Mode

3.1.4 Manual PLMN Selection Mode

The Manual mode allows the user to select a PLMN among those indicated by the UE. The

UE displays all PLMNs that it finds by scanning all frequency carriers. The UE displays those

PLMNs that are allowed as well as those that are not allowed. The user makes a manual

selection, according to the available access technology for the chosen PLMN, and the UE

attempts registration on this PLMN, ignoring the contents of the forbidden Location Area

Identities (LAIs) and PLMN lists. If the user selects an available PLMN in the forbidden

PLMN list, the UE attempts to register and can receive a positive acknowledgement from

the CN. In this case, the PLMN is removed from the forbidden list.

If the user does not select a PLMN, the selected PLMN is the one that was selected before

the PLMN selection procedure started. If this PLMN is no longer available, the UE attempts

to camp on an acceptable cell at any PLMN and enters the limited service state. The UE

remains in that state until it is switched off or the user makes a manual PLMN reselection.

3.1.5 Roaming

Roaming is a service through which a UE is able to obtain services from another PLMN in

the same country (national roaming area) or another country (international roaming area).

The behavior that the UE must follow is specified by agreements among the network

operators. A UE in Automatic mode, having selected and registered on a Visited PLMN



(VPLMN) in its home country, periodically attempts to return to its HPLMN.

The time interval between consecutive attempts is stored in the USIM and is managed by

the network operator using a timer. The timer can have a value of between 6 minutes and

8 hours, with a step size of 6 minutes. In the absence of a fixed value, a default value of 30

minutes is used by the UE.

3.2 Cell Selection and Reselection

The Cell Selection and Reselection Process described in this section applies to WCDMA cells.

A more detailed specification of the process can be found in Reference [22].

The cell selection and reselection process allows the UE to look for a suitable cell in the

selected PLMN and to camp on it. When a suitable cell is found, the UE camps on it in a

state defined as "camped normally". In this state, the UE monitors paging and SI, performs

periodical radio measurements and evaluates cell reselection criteria. If the UE finds a

better cell, that cell is selected by the cell reselection process. The change of cell can imply

a change of the RAT.

The WCDMA RAN is sensitive to intra-frequency interference, which can depend on the data

rate, traffic load, or modified radio link due to multipath fading. Therefore, the

measurements that are used in the cell selection and reselection process are not only the

signal strength but also the quality value. These measurements are performed on the

Common Pilot Channel (CPICH).

Two different strategies, initial cell selection and stored information cell selection, can be

used in the cell selection process, as shown in Figure 3.

Figure 3 Cell Selection and Reselection Procedure



Initial cell selection is used if the UE has no knowledge of the WCDMA radio frequency

channels. Stored information cell selection is used if the UE knows the carrier frequencies

that have previously been used. The cell selection procedure is described in Section 3.2.2.

The UE must synchronize with the WCDMA RAN to read SI on the BCCH to select a PLMN

and to find a suitable cell. The cell search procedure in Section 3.2.1 performs the

synchronization between the UE and the WCDMA RAN.

Two different mechanisms for cell reselection are supported in WCDMA:

� Legacy (or ranking based) cell reselection. This mechanism applies for intra-

frequency cell reselection and inter-frequency cell reselection within WCDMA as well

as for cell reselection from WCDMA to GSM, see Section 3.2.3 for more details.

Separate measurement rules and reselection criteria applies if HCS is activated, see

Section 3.2.4 for more details.

� Priority based cell reselection. This mechanism applies for cell reselection from

WCDMA to LTE, see Section 3.2.5 for more details.

Both legacy-based and priority based cell reselection can be active at the same time. At the

time when any of the algorithms has found a better cell according to its criteria, cell

reselection is attempted.

3.2.1 Cell Search Procedure

The cell search procedure allows the UE to acquire slot and frame synchronization and to

obtain the downlink primaryScramblingCode associated with the cell using the

Synchronization Channel (SCH).

The physical channels involved in the cell search procedure are the Primary Synchronization

Channel (P-SCH), the Secondary Synchronization Channel (S-SCH), and the CPICH. The

procedure is based on the following steps, which are also shown in Figure 4.

Figure 4 Cell Search Procedure

1. The UE acquires slot synchronization by correlating the information on the P-SCH

with primary synchronization code, which is common to all cells, and by detecting

peak values at the matched filter output.



2. The UE obtains frame synchronization and determines the scrambling code group of

the cell (made up by eight primary scrambling codes) by correlating the information

on the S-SCH with all secondary synchronization code sequences and by detecting

the peak value, since the cyclic shifts of sequences are unique.

3. The UE determines the primaryScramblingCode by correlating the CPICH with all

codes within the scrambling code group identified in Step 2. When the primary

scrambling code has been identified, the Primary Common Control Physical Channel

(P-CCPCH) is detected and the UE is able to read the information on the BCCH.

The need for execution of all or part of the cell search procedure depends on the

information, such as primary scrambling code group, stored in the UE if the UE was

previously registered on the PLMN.

3.2.2 Cell Selection Procedure

If the UE does not find a suitable cell of the PLMN on which it was previously registered,

and it has already used the stored information cell selection procedure, the initial cell

selection procedure is started. This procedure does not require knowledge of radio

frequency channels in the WCDMA band. The UE scans all WCDMA radio frequency channels

to find a suitable cell. On each carrier, the UE searches for the cell with the highest signal

level, according to the cell search procedure, and reads the SI on the BCCH. The

information on this channel is mapped to one Master Information Block (MIB) and some

System Information Blocks (SIBs). The UE reads the PLMN identity, formed by the mcc and

the mnc sent in the MIB, and determines the PLMN to which the cell belongs.

The UE verifies that all requirements for a suitable cell are fulfilled. In particular, it checks

whether the cell selection criteria are fulfilled. If the UE does not find a suitable cell, it

attempts to camp on the strongest acceptable cell and obtain limited service. In this state,

the UE tries regularly to find a suitable cell according to the RATs supported by the UE. In

automatic PLMN selection, this consists of a new PLMN selection.

On the BCCH, the UE receives information, such as the carrier frequency uarfcn in the

downlink and in the uplink, belonging to the selected PLMN. The UE also reads the

neighboring cell list to make measurements on the adjacent cells and to verify whether a

better cell exists than the serving cell.

When the UE has information on carrier frequencies of the PLMN previously stored on the

USIM, it can use the stored information cell selection procedure. The UE can also have

other information, such as the primary scrambling code group or the neighboring cells list

stored on the USIM before UE switch-off or leaving a coverage area. This information

simplifies the cell search procedure and speeds up the search for a suitable cell. After

synchronization, the UE reads SI on the BCCH. If all requirements for a suitable cell are

fulfilled, the UE selects that cell and tries to register.

A suitable cell must fulfill the cell selection criteria. The UE bases its evaluation on two

quantities: Squal and Srxlev. The Squal quantity evaluates the Signal to Interference

Ratio (SIR) on the CPICH, expressed in terms of Signal to Noise Ratio in the CPICH (CPICH

Ec/No). To evaluate whether cell selection criteria (S-criteria) are fulfilled, the UE calculates

the following:

Squal = Qqualmeas- qQualMin (only for WCDMA cells)

Srxlev = Qrxlevmeas- qRxLevMin - Pcompensation (for all cells)

Where:



Qqualmeas is the quality value for the received signal, expressed in CPICH Ec/No (dB) and

measured by the UE.

Cell parameter qQualMin indicates the minimum required quality value in the cell. It is sent

in SI, in SIB3 for the serving cell, and in SIB11 for adjacent cells.

Qrxlevmeas is the received signal strength measured by the UE and expressed in CPICH

RSCP (dBm).

Cell parameter qRxLevMin indicates the minimum required signal strength in the cell. It is

sent in SIB3 for the serving cell and in SIB11 for adjacent cells.

Pcompensation = max (maxTxPowerUl - P, 0);

P is the maximum RF output power of the UE according to its class. Pcompensation is

introduced for UEs that cannot transmit at maximum power on the RACH in the cell. The

cell range decreases for those UEs. The cell parameter maxTxPowerUl indicates the

maximum allowed transmission power when the UE accesses the system on RACH. It is

broadcast in SIB3.

The S-criteria are fulfilled when:

Squal > 0 and

Srxlev > 0

If all other requirements for a suitable cell are fulfilled, the UE attempts to register and, if

necessary, performs LA or RA updating. If the UE finds a suitable cell, it camps on the cell

in the state "camped normally". In this state, the UE periodically evaluates whether a

neighboring cell is better than the serving one by making intra-frequency, inter-frequency,

and inter-system radio measurements.

The UE attempts to make a cell selection to find a suitable cell on which to camp in the

following cases:

� At power on

� After a number of failed RRC Connection requests

� When entering Idle Mode after a number of failed cell update attempts

� After transition from dedicated mode (CELL_DCH) to any of the following states:

CELL_FACH, URA_PCH or Idle Mode

The candidate cells for cell selection are the ones used immediately before leaving

dedicated mode. If no suitable cell is found, the UE can use stored information cell

selection procedure to find a suitable cell.

� When entering Idle Mode after completion of an emergency call on any PLMN

The UE selects an acceptable cell for camping on. In this case, candidate cells for cell

selection are the ones used immediately before leaving the Connected Mode. If no

acceptable cell on that PLMN is found, the UE continues to search for an acceptable

cell on any PLMN.

3.2.3 Legacy Cell Reselection Procedure

This section provides the information on the Legacy Cell Reselection Procedure, its



measurements and reselection criteria.

3.2.3.1 General Information

When camping on a cell, the UE has to search continuously for a better cell according to

the cell reselection criteria. In order to perform cell ranking, the UE measures the serving

cell and neighbor cells listed in SIB11 according to the measurement rules described in

Section 3.2.3.2.

All measured cells fulfilling the S-criteria as defined in Section 3.2.2 are ranked according

to the R-criteria described in Section 3.2.3.3. If the UE finds a more suitable cell it reselects

onto that cell and camps on it.

Note: Separate measurement rules and cell reselection criteria apply for the UE if

HCS is used in the cell. This is further described in Section 3.2.4.

The high mobility state as specified in Reference [22] is not supported.

3.2.3.2 Measurement Rules for Legacy Cell Reselection

The decision about when intra-frequency measurements are performed is made using the

sIntraSearch parameter in relation to Squal:

� If the Squal value is greater than the value for sIntraSearch, the UE in Idle Mode

and in URA_PCH does not need to perform intra-frequency measurements. A UE in

CELL_FACH is required to perform measurements on intra-frequency neighbors listed

in SIB11 but the results are not considered in the cell ranking.

� If the Squal value is less than or equal to the sIntraSearch value, the UE performs

measurements on intra-frequency neighbors listed in SIB11.

� If the parameter sIntraSearch is set to 0 [not sent], the UE performs

measurements on intra-frequency neighbors listed in SIB11 for all values of Squal.

The decision about when inter-frequency measurements are performed is made using the

sInterSearch parameter in relation to Squal:

� If the Squal value is greater than the value for sInterSearch, the UE in Idle Mode

and in URA_PCH does not need to perform inter-frequency measurements. A UE in

CELL_FACH is required to perform measurements on inter-frequency neighbors listed

in SIB11 but the results are not considered in the cell ranking.

� If the Squal value is less than or equal to the sInterSearch value, the UE performs

measurements on inter-frequency neighbors listed in SIB11.

� If the parameter sInterSearch is set to 0 [not sent], the UE performs

measurements on inter-frequency neighbors listed in SIB11 for all values of Squal.

If a UE has selected a MBMS service that is currently ongoing, measurements have to be

performed on inter-frequency cells belonging to the MBMS Preferred layer even if the Squal

value is greater than the value for sInterSearch.

The decision about when GSM measurements are performed is made using the sRatSearch

parameter in relation to Squal and the sHcsRat parameter in relation to Srxlev:

� If the Squal value is greater than the value of sRatSearch and the Srxlev value is

greater than the value of sHcsRat, the UE in Idle Mode and in URA_PCH does not

need to perform measurements on GSM cells. A UE in state CELL_FACH is required to



perform measurements on GSM cells listed in SIB11 but the results are not

considered in the cell ranking.

� If the Squal value is less than or equal to the sRatSearch value and/or the Srxlev

value is less than or equal to the sHcsRat value, the UE performs measurements on

GSM cells listed in SIB11.

In CELL_FACH state, the fachMeasOccaCycLenCoeff and interFreqFddMeasIndicator

parameters are used to control the UE measurement activities for inter-frequency and

inter-RAT neighbors.

If fachMeasOccaCycLenCoeff is set to a value > 0, the UE performs inter-frequency and

inter-RAT measurements during FACH measurement occasions. FACH measurement

occasions are defined as being the frames where the following equation is fulfilled:

For FACH users: SFN = C-RNTI mod 2^k + (n * 2^k), n = 0, 1, 2, and so on

For HS-FACH users: SFN = H-RNTI mod 2^k + (n * 2^k), n = 0, 1, 2, and so on

k is an integer defined by the parameter fachMeasOccaCycLenCoeff.

C-RNTI is the cell UE identity (16 bits) for transmission on FACH and RACH.

H-RNTI is the cell UE identity (16 bits) for transmission on HS-DSCH in CELL_FACH.

If the UE, according to its measurement capabilities, is able to perform inter-frequency

and/or inter-RAT measurements simultaneously as receiving the S-CCPCH of the serving

cell, it can also perform measurements on other occasions than specified above.

During the FACH measurement occasions, the RNC does not schedule any data for the UE

on FACH. For HS-FACH users, the RBS does not schedule any data on HS-DSCH during the

FACH measurement occasions. However, if the Battery Efficiency for High Speed FACH

feature is activated in the cell, and the UE is Enhanced UE DRX-capable, the RBS scheduler

does not consider the configured FACH measurement occasions as the UE is ordered to

perform inter-frequency and/or inter-RAT measurements during the DRX gaps instead.

If fachMeasOccaCycLenCoeff is set to 0, the parameter is not sent in SI and the UE is not

allowed to leave the S-CCPCH to perform measurements on other frequencies and RATs.

If the parameter interFreqFddMeasIndicator is set to TRUE, the UE evaluates cell

reselection criteria on inter-frequency cells in CELL_FACH state.

If the interFreqFddMeasIndicator parameter is set to FALSE, the UE neither performs

measurements nor evaluates cell reselection criteria on inter-frequency cells in CELL_FACH.

For more information on HS-FACH, refer to High Speed Downlink for FACH.

3.2.3.3 Legacy Cell Reselection Criteria

The UE has to perform ranking of all measured cells fulfilling the cell selection criteria (S-

criteria) as defined in Section 3.2.2. Only those cells the UE is mandated to measure

according to the measurement rules have to be considered for cell ranking.

The cells are ranked according to the R-criteria:

R(serving) = Qmeas(s) + qHyst(s) + Qoffmbms



R(neighbor) = Qmeas(n) - qOffset(s,n) + Qoffmbms - TO(n)

Qmeas is the quality value of the received signal, which is derived from the average CPICH

Ec/N0 or CPICH RSCP level for WCDMA cells and from the average received signal level for

GSM cells. (s) and (n) denotes the serving and the neighbor cell values respectively.

qHyst(s) is the hysteresis value that is read in SI of the serving cell. The value is set by

the configurable qHyst1 parameters used when the ranking is based on CPICH RSCP and

qHyst2 used when the ranking is based on CPICH Ec/N0.

qOffset(s,n) is the offset between the serving cell and the neighbor cell and can be used

to move the border between two cells. The value is defined per cell relation and is set by

the configurable parameters qOffset1sn used when the ranking is based on CPICH RSCP

and qOffset2sn used when the ranking is based on CPICH Ec/N0.

Qoffmbms is an offset applied to cells belonging to the MBMS Preferred layer. The value is

defined by the qualityOffset parameter and is signalled to the UE on the MBMS control

channel MCCH. The offset is used by the UE to prioritize cells on a frequency layer on which

the MBMS service is transmitted and has to be applied to the R-criteria only when this

service is ongoing. The process is called Frequency Layer Convergence and is further

described in Reference [14].

TO(n) is a temporary offset applied to the R criteria only if HCS is used in the serving cell,

see Section 3.2.4 for more details.

Ranking of GSM neighbors is always made using the measurement quantity CPICH RSCP.

For WCDMA neighbors, it is possible to control whether the ranking is made using CPICH

RSCP or CPICH Ec/N0. This is configured using the cell parameter, qualMeasQuantity.

If both WCDMA and GSM cells fulfill the S criteria, the first ranking is made using the

measurement quantity CPICH RSCP. If a GSM cell is ranked as the best candidate, the UE

performs cell reselection to that cell. If a WCDMA cell is ranked as the best candidate and

the measurement quantity for cell reselection is set to CPICH RSCP, the UE performs cell

reselection to that cell.

If a WCDMA cell is ranked as the best candidate and the measurement quantity for cell

reselection is set to CPICH Ec/N0, the UE performs the second ranking of the WCDMA cells

based on CPICH Ec/N0.

The UE reselects the new cell if it is better ranked than the serving cell during a time

interval treSelection.

3.2.4 Legacy Cell Reselection when HCS is Used

This section provides the information on the Legacy Cell Reselection when HCS is used, its

measurements and reselection criteria.


The Hierarchical Cell Structures (HCS) feature enables to control camping of UEs in Idle

Mode and in CELL_FACH and URA_PCH states, not only according to best cell using the

measurement quantity CPICH RSCP or CPICH Ec/N0, but also according to cell hierarchy. If

the feature is activated, separate measurement rules and cell reselection criteria as defined

in Section 3.2.4.2 and Section 3.2.4.3 are applied by the UE.

The use of HCS is controlled by the cell parameters hcsUsage.idleMode and

hcsUsage.connectedMode. The values are signaled to the UE in SI SIB11 and SIB12. If the



parameter hcsUsage.idleMode is set to TRUE, the Idle Mode UE applies the HCS

measurement rules and cell reselection criteria as defined in this section. If the parameter

hcsUsage.connectedMode is set to TRUE, the Connected Mode UE in CELL_FACH and

URA_PCH state applies the HCS measurement rules and cell reselection criteria as defined

in this section.

Note: The following setting is not valid HSC configuration:

hcsUsage.idleMode = FALSE

hcsUsage.connectedMode = TRUE

With this setting, the HCS neighbor cell information cannot be broadcast to the

UE in SIB11 and the UE does not apply HCS rules in CELL_FACH or URA_PCH

state.

The HCS priority level is defined by an integer between 0 and 7. HCS priority level 0 is the

lowest priority and level 7 is the highest priority.

The HCS priority level for the serving cell is configurable and set by the

hcsSib3Config.hcsPrio parameter . The HCS priority level for inter-frequency and intra-

frequency neighbor relations is configured by the parameter hcsSib11Config.hcsPrio. For

GSM cell relations, no HCS priority level can be configured and the default value according

to Reference [23] applies, that is, HCS priority level = 0.

If the UE has selected a MBMS service that is currently ongoing, the UE adds an offset to

the normal HCS priority for all cells (serving and neighbor cells) belonging to the MBMS

Preferred layer. The offset is configurable and set by the hcsPrioOffset cell parameter.

The value is signaled to the UE on the MBMS control channel MCCH.

Hierarchal Cell Structures is a license controlled feature, and a software key is necessary

for activation. For more information, refer to Reference [13].

3.2.4.2 Measurement Rules for Cell Reselection when HCS is Used

The measurement rules for cell reselection when HCS is used is specified in Reference [22],

section 5.2.6.1.2.

The following parameters controlling the measurement rules are configurable in the

network and sent to the UE in SI SIB3:

For more details regarding value range and more information, see Section 6.2.

3.2.4.3 Cell Reselection Criteria when HCS is Used

Table 3 Parameters Controlling Measurement Rules for Cell Reselection when HCS is Used

Parameter Name in 25.304 Corresponding Operator Configurable

Parameter Name

SinterSearch sInterSearch

SintraSearch sIntraSearch

SsearchHCS hcsSib3Config.sSearchHcs

Slimit,SearchRAT sRatSearch

SHCS,RAT sHCSRat



The quality level threshold criterion for HCS (H-criteria) is used to determine whether

prioritized ranking have to be applied. The H-criteria is defined by:

H(s) = Qmeas(s) – Qhcs(s)

H(n) = Qmeas(n) – Qhcs(n) – TO(n)

Qhcs specifies the quality threshold level for applying the prioritized ranking. (s) and (n)

denotes the serving and neighbor cell values respectively. The serving cell value is set by

the hcsSib3Config.qHcs configurable parameter . Qhcs for Inter-frequency and Intra-

frequency cell relations is set by the hcsSib11Config.qHcs configurable parameter . For

GSM cell relations, the default value according to Reference [23] applies, that is, Qhcs(n) =

0.

TO(n) specifies the temporary offset applied to the H-criteria for a duration of

PENALTY_TIME(n) after a timer T(n) has been started. Refer to Reference [22], section

5.2.6.1.4 for more details regarding the start and stop of this timer.

The temporary offset is applied for inter-frequency and intra-frequency neighbor relations

and the value is set by the hcsSib11Config.temporaryOffset1 configurable parameters

used if the quality measure is RSCP and hcsSib11Config.temporaryOffset2 used if the

quality measure is Ec/N0. The T(n) timer is configurable for inter-frequency and intra-

frequency cell relations and set by the hcsSib11Config.penaltyTime parameter. For GSM

cell relations no temporary offset is applied.

The UE has to perform ranking of all cells with highest HCS_PRIO among the measured

cells fulfilling the S- and H-criteria (S > 0 and H ≥ 0). If no cell fulfils the H-criteria, the UE

does not consider the HCS priority when ranking the cells.

The cells have to be ranked according to the R-criteria specified in section Section 3.2.3.3.

When HCS is used a temporary offset, TO(n), is applied to the R-criteria. The temporary

offset is controlled using the same set of parameters as specified for the H-criteria above.

Furthermore, if the Qoffmbms is applied to the R-criteria the UE has to use the value

"infinity" for this parameter (even if another value is signalled on the MBMS control channel

MCCH).

3.2.5 Priority-Based Cell Reselection

This section provides the information on the Priority-based Cell Reselection, its

measurement and reselection criteria.


Priority based cell reselection is based on the operator-assigned absolute priority levels for

each LTE frequency layer, as well as for the WCDMA serving cell. Priority values in the

[0..7] range are used, where 0 indicates lowest priority and 7 indicates the highest priority.

If the UE detects a neighboring LTE cell with higher priority than the serving WCDMA cell, it

attempts at the cell reselection even if the measured signal strength is lower for the LTE

cell compared to the WCDMA cell. However, the signal strength must be above a minimum

threshold.

SIB19 specifies the LTE frequencies and the parameters used for priority based cell

reselection. Downlink E-UTRA Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number (EARFCN) is used

as a representation of the LTE frequency layer. A maximum of 8 EARFCNs can be listed in

SIB19. For each EARFCN, it is possible to configure a set of blacklisted cells that the UE has

to disregard when considering cell reselection. Defining blacklisted cells can speed up the

cell reselection procedure in border areas if different operators use the same LTE



frequencies.

3.2.5.2 EUTRA Detection

SIB19 contains information that enables the UE to detect and display the presence of lower

priority LTE frequencies while camping on the WCDMA cell. To activate this mechanism, the

eutraDetection parameter has to be set to TRUE.

3.2.5.3 Priority-Based Measurement Rules

The UE has to always perform measurements on LTE frequencies with higher priority than

the serving WCDMA cell. The intensity of these measurements can vary depending on

whether Srxlev and Squal of the serving cell are above or below the thresholds defined by

the absCellRes.sPrioritySearch1 and absCellRes.sPrioritySearch2 parameters, refer

to TS 25.133 for more details.

For lower priority LTE frequencies, the need to perform measurements is controlled by the

absPrioCellRes.sPrioritySearch1 and absPrioCellRes.sPrioritySearch2 parameters

in relation to Srxlev and Squal as specified below:

� If Srxlev is greater than absPrioCellRes.sPrioritySearch1 and Squal is greater

than absPrioCellRes.sPrioritySearch2, the UE can choose not to measure on

lower priority LTE frequencies.

� If Srxlev is equal to or less than absPrioCellRes.sPrioritySearch1 and/or Squal is

equal to or less than absPrioCellRes.sPrioritySearch2, the UE is required to

perform measurements on lower priority LTE frequencies.

See Section 3.2.2 for a definition of Srxlev and Squal for the serving WCDMA cell.

3.2.5.4 Priority-Based Cell Reselection Criteria

Cell reselection to a higher priority LTE frequency is performed by the UE if Srxlev of the

LTE cell is greater than threshHigh for a duration of treSelection seconds.

Cell reselection to a lower priority LTE frequency is performed by the UE if the following

criteria are fulfilled for a duration of treSelection seconds:

� Srxlev of the serving cell < absPrioCellRes.threshServingLow or Squal of the

serving cell < 0

� Srxlev of the LTE cell is greater than threshLow

Srxlev of the LTE cell is defined as:

� Srxlev = Qrxlevmeas - qRxLevMin

Qrxlevmeas is the RSRP level of the LTE cell (in dB) measured by the UE. The qRxLevMin

parameter indicates the minimum required RSRP level for camping.

Only LTE cells fulfilling the S-criteria, that is cells with Srxlev > 0, are considered as

candidates for cell reselection. If more than one cell meets the cell reselection criteria

above, the UE has to reselect the LTE cell with the highest Srxlev level among the cells

meeting the criteria on the highest absolute priority layer.

3.3 Location and Routing Area Updating



After a UE has found a suitable cell and can access services requiring registration, it tries to

register on the chosen PLMN. If the Location Area Identity (LAI) or Routing Area Identity

(RAI), read on SI, is different from the one stored on the USIM before UE switch-off, the UE

performs a LA or RA registration update. When a UE in Idle Mode moves into a new cell in a

new LA or RA or into a new PLMN, it performs a registration area update. The LA or RA

update procedure is managed by the CN and is transparent to the WCDMA RAN.

The three types of registration update are: normal, periodic, and IMSI attach or detach.

For a more detailed specification of the Location and Routing Area updating, refer to

Reference [21].

3.3.1 LA and RA Structure

The LA is an area to which the CN sends a paging message for circuit switched service and

the RA is an area to which the CN sends a paging message for packet switched services.

Each area, LA or RA, can consist of cells of one or more RNC, which are connected to the

same core network. The RA is required if the RNC is connected to a packet switched CN.

Note: Each cell can belong to only one LA and one RA.

� The LA is identified by an LAI, formed by a PLMN Identity and a Location Area Code

(lAC).

� The RA is identified by an RAI, formed by an LAI and a Routing Area Code (rAC).

The lAC and rAC parameters are sent in the SI.

3.3.2 Usual LA and RA Updating

A UE executes a usual registration update when, in a cell belonging to a new LA or RA, it is

switched on or leaves the Connected Mode. The usual registration update is also performed

when the UE, in Idle Mode, moves in a cell belonging to a new LA or RA, or when the UE is

unknown to the CN. The UE reads the LAI and the RAI in the SI and detects that one or

both of the received area identities differ from the ones stored on the USIM. If the LAI

received from the SI is not on the forbidden LAIs list, an LA and/or RA update request is

sent by the UE to the WCDMA RAN. If the LAI is forbidden, the UE tries to select another

cell belonging to a permitted LAI or another PLMN.

Note: A Connected Mode UE does not trigger a LA or RA Update.

3.3.3 Periodic LA and RA Updating

Periodic LA and RA updating is used to notify the network of the UEs availability, and is

used to avoid unnecessary paging attempts for a UE that has lost coverage and is not able

to inform the CN that it is inactive.

The periodic LA update procedure is controlled by a t3212 timer, which specifies the time

interval between two consecutive periodic location updates. The value is sent by the

WCDMA RAN to UEs on the BCCH.

The periodic RA update is controlled by a T3312 timer (T3312 is not a radio parameter),

which specifies the time interval between two consecutive periodic routing updates. The

value of the timer is sent by the CN to the UE in the IMSI attach or in the routing area

update message accept.



3.3.4 IMSI Attach/Detach

A location registration request indicating IMSI attach is made when the UE is activated in

the same LA in which it was deactivated, and the SI indicates that IMSI attach/detach is

used. The IMSI attach/detach procedure allows the UE to avoid unnecessary paging

attempts from the CN. It is managed by the att cell parameter sent on the BCCH. This

parameter informs the UE whether the IMSI attach/detach procedure is to be applied. If the

att parameter is set to 1, the UE sends an "attach" or "detach" message to the CN when it

is powered on or off indicating whether the UE is active or inactive in the network.

The CN avoids performing paging attempts when IMSI detach is applied and the UE is

switched off.

When the UE is switched on and the IMSI attach/detach procedure is applied, the UE

performs a location registration request, indicating IMSI attach, if it is in the same LA or RA

in which it was switched off. If the registration area is changed, a usual LA update is

performed by the UE.

3.4 Cell Update

In CELL_FACH, the Cell Update procedure is used to keep WCDMA RAN informed about the

UEs location on a cell level. Cell Update is initiated in the following cases:

� A UE in CELL_FACH enters a new cell.

� As part of a supervision mechanism, Cell Update is performed periodically by UEs in

CELL_FACH. The periodicity is controlled by the t305 timer , refer to Reference [3]

and Reference [4].

� If a UE in CELL_FACH or URA_PCH re-enters the service area after having been out of

coverage.

The Cell Update procedure is also initiated by the UE in the following cases:

� A UE in URA_PCH has uplink data to transmit.

� A UE in URA_PCH state is paged by the network. The page can be initiated either by

UTRAN or CN.

� A UE in CELL_FACH detects RLC unrecoverable error in an AM RLC entity.

� A UE in Cell_DCH detects "Radio Link Failure" or "RLC unrecoverable error", starts

T314, enters Cell_FACH and selects a suitable cell on the same frequency (performs

cell selection, see Section 3.2.2). Call Re-establishment is triggered after the cell

selection procedure is completed.

If the UE in CELL_FACH performs a Cell Update in a cell belonging to another RNC, the RRC

Connection is released and the UE enters Idle Mode. This is because there is no support for

common channels over Iur.

3.5 URA Handling

This section describes URA handling, including URA configuration and URA update.

3.5.1 Configuration of URAs

The uraIdentity parameter identifies a Utran registration Area (URA) within one RNC.



Each cell can belong to maximum four different URAs. The URA identities of the cell are

signaled to the UE in System Information, SIB2.

Figure 5 illustrates an example of overlapping URAs where the border cells belong to more

than one URA. A UE moving from one URA into another URA stays registered in the old URA

as long as the serving cell belongs to this URA.

At each cell reselection, the UE verifies that the currently registered URA is still present in

the list of URA identities signaled in SIB2. If not, the UE initiates the URA Update procedure

to register in a new URA. The new URA identity is allocated by WCDMA RAN and sent to the

UE in the URA Update Confirm message. If the new cell belongs to several URAs, WCDMA

RAN randomly selects one of the URA identities configured in this cell.

Figure 5 Overlapping URAs

URAs overlapping Iur borders are not supported.

3.5.2 URA Update

In URA_PCH, the procedure URA Update is used to keep WCDMA RAN informed about the

UEs location on a URA level. URA Update is initiated in the following cases:

� A UE in URA_PCH enters a new cell not belonging to the same URA that the UE is

registered in.

� The UE enters a cell that has no URAs defined. This triggers a release of the RRC

Connection and the UE enters Idle Mode.

� As a part of a supervision mechanism, URA Update is performed periodically. The

periodicity is controlled by the t305 timer, refer to Reference [3] and Reference [4].

In the response to the URA Update, WCDMA RAN selects which URA the UE has to be

registered to. Also for periodical URA Updates, where the UE has not moved, the selected

URA is specified by WCDMA RAN as described in Section 3.5.1.

If the UE in state URA_PCH performs a URA Update in a cell belonging to another RNC, the

RRC Connection is released and the UE enters Idle Mode. This is because there is no

support for common channels over Iur.

3.6 Paging



The purpose of this function is to enable the CN to page a UE for a terminating service

request or for the WCDMA RAN to inform all UEs that the SI has been modified. The

function is also used by the WCDMA RAN to initiate a channel switch from URA_PCH state

to CELL_FACH state, or a release of the UE from URA_PCH state to Idle Mode.

A UE can be paged when it is in Idle Mode, in CELL_FACH, URA_PCH and in CELL_DCH. For

UEs in CELL_FACH and CELL_DCH, a paging message is sent on the dedicated control

channel.

For UEs in Idle Mode, a paging message is broadcast in an LA, an RA, or a global RNC area.

Paging messages are sent in all cells in an LA or RA, so it is necessary to find a trade-off

between the number of LA or RA registration attempts and the paging load. The paging

load increases with larger LA and RA while the registration load decreases with larger LA

and RA.

For UEs in state URA_PCH, a paging message is sent in all cells belonging to the URA where

the UE is currently registered.

3.6.1 Paging in Idle Mode and in URA_PCH

When the UE is in Idle Mode or in URA_PCH, two different physical channels are used in

order to exchange proper information between the WCDMA RAN and the UE: the PICH and

the S-CCPCH (carries the PCH). There is no priority between Paging requests for URA_PCH

and Idle Mode users, as both URA_PCH and Idle Mode users use Paging Type 1. There is a

fixed timing relation between a PICH frame and the associated S-CCPCH frame. Figure 6

illustrates this timing relation.

Figure 6 Timing between Paging Indicator and Paging Message

The PICH is used to indicate to the UE when it has to read the S-CCPCH. PCH is used to

carry the RRC message "Paging type 1", which contains the actual paging information. The

number of times the WCDMA RAN transmits the paging information to a UE is determined

by the configurable parameter noOfPagingRecordTransm.

Discontinuous Reception

The UE listens to the PICH only at certain predefined times, reducing power consumption.

The periodicity of these searches is set by the system and the time interval is called

Discontinuous Reception (DRX) cycle. Different DRX cycles are used for circuit switched and

packet switched services in Idle Mode. A separate DRX cycle is also used to page

Connected Mode UEs in URA_PCH state.

Each PICH frame consists of a number of paging indicators. The UEs are divided in a

number of groups and each group reads a specific paging indicator which tells whether the

associated UE has to read the S-CCPCH. If a page indicator is set to 1, there can be a

paging message on the S-CCPCH for the corresponding UE.



If a certain paging indicator indicates that there is a page, all UEs in that group go to read

the "Paging type 1" message that can contain one or more paging records. Each paging

record contains IMSI (or TMSI or P-TMSI) to identify which UE is paged. Refer to Reference

[22] for more details.

Paging occasion specifies times when a UE has to monitor its paging indicator. The paging

occasion is calculated using IMSI and DRX Cycle Length. Figure 7 presents paging

occasions for four different UE where each has its own specific IMSI and different DRX cycle

lengths. The time period between two consecutive paging occasions is calculated as

follows:

DRX cycle length = 2k×10 (ms)

Where:

Figure 7 Paging Occasions

The RNC can be connected to two different CN domains that can use different DRX cycle

lengths to page UEs in Idle Mode. These are broadcast in the SI. A UE that is attached to

both CN domains uses the shortest of those DRX cycle lengths.

A UE can also choose an individual packet switched DRX cycle and issue a request to the

CN to be paged with that DRX cycle length when it is in Idle Mode. This procedure is

transparent to the WCDMA RAN.

The DRX cycle to be used in Connected Mode (URA_PCH state) is sent to the UE using

dedicated messages. The same value applies for both CN initiated and UTRAN initiated

paging in URA_PCH.

3.6.2 Paging in CELL_FACH or CELL_DCH State

When a connection exists between the WCDMA RAN and the UE, the SRNC determines that

a RRC connection has already been established by this UE and the RRC message "Paging

type 2" is used to carry paging information. Since it is sent on a dedicated control channel,

this message is intended only for one particular UE.

k

Integer defined by the cnDrxCycleLengthCs parameter for circuit-switched

services and by the cnDrxCycleLengthPs for packet-switched services. For

paging of Connected Mode UEs in URA_PCH state, k is an integer defined by

the parameter utranDrxCycleLength.

10 ms Period equal to the System Frame Number (SFN) duration, which is the time

interval between two consecutive SFNs.



3.6.3 Updated System Information Originating from the WCDMA RAN

The RRC paging procedure sends consecutive "Paging type 1" messages for a period of

time sufficient for the UE, using maximum possible DRX cycle length, to get this

information at least once. The number of times a UE (that uses maximum possible DRX

cycle length) hears the updated SI is defined by the noOfMaxDrxCycles parameter.


The purpose of SI distribution is to broadcast SI to the UEs in the cells of the WCDMA RAN

so the UEs can read and use this information to access the system properly. The SI is

regularly broadcast to the UE on the BCCH. SI contains parameters related to functions

such as Cell Selection and Reselection, Measurement Management, Location and Routing

Registration, Handover and Power Control. When a parameter in the SI is changed, all UEs

in a cell are notified by a paging message or by a SI change indication message.

SI is read and used by UEs in Idle Mode and UEs in CELL_FACH and URA_PCH.

3.7.1 System Information Structure

The SI elements are broadcast in System Information Blocks (SIBs). A SIB groups SI

elements related to the same kind of activity control. Different types of SIB exist, and each

type contains a specific collection of information. The Master Information Block (MIB),

which is also broadcast over the air interface, gives references and scheduling information

to a number of SIBs in a cell, as shown in Figure 8.

Figure 8 Organization of System Information Blocks

SIB scheduling information can also be contained in a separate Scheduling Block (SB1).

The Scheduling Block is always referenced from the MIB. The configurable parameter

schedulingBlockEnabled controls whether the Scheduling Block is used or not. If the

parameter is set to TRUE, the Scheduling Block is sent on the broadcast channel and SIB

scheduling information is divided between the MIB and SB1. If the parameter is set to

FALSE, the Scheduling Block is not sent on the broadcast channel and all SIB scheduling

information is contained in the MIB. If the Scheduling block is activated or deactivated (that

is, the value of schedulingBlockEnabled parameter is changed), an update of SI is

initiated.

The MIB is transmitted according to standardized scheduling parameters. A UE is always

able to find the MIB on the BCCH and to get the scheduling information for the other SIBs.

The MIB is sent regularly on the BCCH. It also contains information elements for handling

and scheduling SIBs and SBs, such as the appropriate repetition period and the value tag.



The SIBs contain all information necessary for UEs to work properly in both Idle and

Connected Mode. Each SIB contains different kinds of information. Table 4 contains a

description of the information that is carried by the MIB and the SIBs.

The BCCH is mapped to the BCH. The RBS continuously transmits the SIBs in SI messages

on the BCH, in accordance with scheduling parameters received from the RNC.

In case there are no URAs associated to the cell, SIB2 is not broadcast.

SIB18 is broadcast if the optional feature SIB18, Enhanced Inter PLMN Mobility is activated.

SIB19 is broadcast if the optional feature LTE Cell Reselection is activated and at least one

LTE frequency relation is configured in the WCDMA cell.

The sib5bisEnabled parameter controls whether SIB5 or SIB5bis is broadcasted on BCH,

refer to Reference [15] for more details.

3.7.2 System Information Update

SI update can be triggered by, for example, measurement reports that affect the value of a

broadcast system parameter. In addition, reconfiguration of system parameters, change of

repetition rate for a SIB, and change of start position triggers an update procedure.

When the SI is modified, the RNC sends the modified SIBs to the RBS. Subsequently, the

RBS broadcasts these SIBs on the BCH. To reduce power consumption, the UE does not

always read the SI.

SI update can fail and the RNC can attempt a new SI update request to the RBS for the

cell. The RNC repeats the procedure until there is a positive response or until the maximum

number of reattempts has been reached. The maximum number of update reattempts

depends on the configuration of the updateCellReattsNo parameter. If the maximum

number of reattempts is reached, the cell is blocked.

SIBs are sent regularly on the BCH, and each SIB has its own repetition period, see Section

Table 4 Contents of System Information Messages

System Information

Blocks

Contents

MIB PLMN identity for serving cell, SIB Scheduling Information

SB1 SIB Scheduling Information

SIB1 Paging parameters, timers and counters in Idle Mode and in

Connected Mode, LA and RA updating

SIB2 URA identity list

SIB3 Cell selection and reselection parameters

SIB5 and SIB5bis Paging parameters, Cell and common channel configuration

SIB7 Power control on common channel

SIB11 Measurement management, Cell selection and reselection

parameters, HCS neighboring cell information for intra-frequency

relation

SIB12 Measurement management

SIB18 PLMN identity for GSM neighbors listed in SIB11

SIB19 LTE frequency information and parameters controlling priority

based cell reselection to LTE



3.7.3 for more details in Scheduling Information of these SIBs. The MIB has a fixed,

predefined repetition rate equal to 80 ms, corresponding to an 8–SFN period. The MIB

contains the PLMN identity to be used during the PLMN selection.

Different rules are applied for rereading of different SIB types, depending on whether they

contain static or dynamic information elements.

For SIBs containing static parameters, the MIB contains a value tag as part of the

scheduling information. When any of the information elements in SI is modified, the

WCDMA RAN changes the value tag in the MIB that is related to the SIB containing the

modified information element.

If an information element changes in a SIB, the WCDMA RAN alerts all UEs in Idle Mode

and state URA_PCH in the cell to read SI by sending a "Paging type 1" message containing

the information element "BCCH modification info". The "BCCH modification info"

information element contains the value tag for the MIB; by reading this information

element, a UE knows whether it has to read the updated MIB.

If the UE is in CELL_FACH, it receives a System Information Change Indication message

containing the information element "BCCH modification info" information element. This

message is sent on FACH and optionally on HS-DSCH if feature High Speed Downlink for

FACH (FAJ 121 1537) is activated. For more information on High Speed Downlink for FACH,

refer to Reference [10].

Note: If Battery Efficiency for High Speed FACH (FAJ 121 1592) is activated in the

cell, an Enhanced UE DRX-capable UE would not able to receive a SYSTEM INFORMATION CHANGE INDICATION message sent during the DRX period. A UE

in state CELL_FACH can also occasionally (FACH Measurement Occasion) leave

the FACH channel to measure on a different frequency or RAT. To ensure that

every UE is able to receive a SYSTEM INFORMATION CHANGE INDICATION

message at least once, a repetition function for BCCH messages sent on High

Speed FACH is used. The BCCH message sent on High Speed FACH is then

repeated each 10ms frame during a period long enough that each UE gets at

least one chance to detect the message. For more information on Battery

Efficiency for High Speed FACH, refer to Reference [1].

The UE reads the updated MIB and compares the new value tag to the latest value tag for

that SIB. If the value tag has changed, the UE reads the corresponding SIB again. Even if

the value tag does not change, the UE considers the SIB invalid after a fixed, predefined

period after reception and reads the SIB again.

Some SIBs contain information elements that change so often that they need to be read at

frequent periods. This type of SIB is not linked to a value tag in the MIB. This is the case of

SIB7, which uses expiration time as a reread mechanism. When the UE has acquired SIB7,

a timer is started. When the timer expires, the information carried in the SIB is considered

to be invalid. For SIB7, the expiration time is the value of the sib7RepPeriod parameter

multiplied by the value of the sib7expirationTimeFactor parameter.

The UE reads the SI on the BCCH when the following events occur:

� The UE is powered up.

� The UE changes a cell in Idle Mode, CELL_FACH or URA_PCH.

� The UE is informed of a change of SI, when it is in Idle Mode, CELL_FACH or

URA_PCH.

� The UE moves from dedicated mode to common mode.



� The UE moves from dedicated mode to Idle Mode.

� The UE is in CELL_FACH and the timer expires for SIBs with an expiration timer as

reread mechanism (UEs in Idle Mode and URA_PCH can postpone reading the SIB

until the content is needed).

The Area Scope column in Table 5 specifies the area for which a particular SIB is valid.

Table 5 SIB Characteristics

System Information

Block

Area Scope UE Mode when the

Block is Read

Modification of

System Information

MIB cell Idle Mode

CELL_FACH

URA_PCH

Value Tag

SB1 cell Idle Mode

CELL_FACH

URA_PCH

Value Tag

SIB1 PLMN

(this can also be a

part of a PLMN)

Idle Mode

CELL_FACH

URA_PCH

Value Tag

SIB2 cell URA_PCH Value Tag

SIB3 cell Idle Mode

CELL_FACH

URA_PCH

Value Tag

SIB5 and SIB5bis cell Idle Mode

CELL_FACH

URA_PCH

Value Tag

SIB7 cell Idle Mode

CELL_FACH

URA_PCH

Expiration time

SIB11 cell Idle Mode

CELL_FACH

URA_PCH

Value Tag

SIB12 cell CELL_FACH

URA_PCH

Value Tag


CELL_FACH

URA_PCH

Value Tag



If the area scope is a cell, the UE reads the SIB every time a new cell is selected.

If the area scope is PLMN, the UE checks the value tag for the SIB when a new cell is

selected. If the value tag for the SIB in the new cell is different from the value tag for the

SIB in the old cell, the UE reads the SIB again. If the value tags are the same, the UE can

use the information read in the old cell.

For SIB1, which has area scope PLMN, the value tag contains two parts, an update part and

an area part. The update part is incremented internally by the RNC whenever the content

of SIB1 is updated. The area part of the SIB1 value tag is configured using the

sib1PLMNScopeValueTag cell parameter.

SIB1 contains LA and RA information valid for the cell. For mobility reasons, the UE needs

to update this information whenever a LA or RA border is passed. To enable this, the

setting of the sib1PLMNScopeValueTag parameter must be planned to make sure that

neighboring LAs and RAs have different values. However, within one LA or RA the same

setting can be used in all cells. PLMN scope really means LA or RA scope and the area part

of the SIB1 value tag is associated with LA and RA, not associated with any other type of

area.

3.7.3 Changing of Scheduling Information

Two important parameters used in the creation of a Schedule for SI are the Repetition Rate

for a SIB sibxRepPeriod (where x = 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 12 or 18) and the Start Position for

a SIB sibxStartPos (where x = 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 12 or 18). For configuration of these

parameters, see Section 6.2 for details. Repetition rate and the start position for SIB5 and

SIB5bis are configured using the same parameters (sib5RepPeriod and sib5StartPos).

For information on how to set SIB scheduling parameters, see Section 5.7.1.

3.7.4 System Information Change with RIM Support for System Information Transfer

to LTE (FAJ 121 2179)

CS Fallback (CSFB) introduced in 3GPP Rel-8 allows a UE in LTE to reuse CS domain

services by defining how the UE can switch from LTE access to another RAT that can

support CS services.

LTE CSFB using RIM procedures is introduced in 3GPP Rel-9 (Reference [24]). SI is sent to

the UE by LTE allowing it to identify a WCDMA cell as a part of CSFB. The benefit is the

availability of the UE to set up a connection faster than it is done from Idle Mode.

The eNB has to have the updated SI for the UTRAN cell(s) corresponding to the RIM

association(s) initiated by it. SI is sent to the UE allowing it to identify a cell and connect to

it without waiting to read the information in the cell first. The RNC uses the UTRA SI RIM

application to report SI changes in the specific cell to the eNB. For an overview of RIM

association to a UTRAN cell, see Figure 9.


CELL_FACH

URA_PCH

Value tag



Figure 9 eNB Creates a RIM Association to a UTRAN Cell

4 Activation and Deactivation

This section describes how the optional features are activated or deactivated. For more

information on feature licensing, refer to Reference [13].


LTE Cell Reselection (FAJ 121 1474) is an optional feature.


In order for the LTE Cell Reselection feature to work, there must be LTE radio coverage and

the UE subscription must allow roaming between the WCDMA and LTE networks.

Furthermore, the UE need to have capabilities for the frequency bands configured in the

LTE network.

4.1.2 Activation

Recommended activation steps:

1. Order and install the license key for feature LTE Cell Reselection (FAJ 121 1474).

2. Set feature state to ACTIVATED for feature LTE Cell Reselection (FAJ 121 1474).

3. Activate the scheduling block (SB1) by setting the schedulingBlockEnabled

parameter to TRUE.

4. Configure the alternative SIB scheduling for SIB19 as specified in Section 5.7.3.2.

5. Configure EutraNetworks MO.

6. Configure EutranFrequency MO and the related parameters.

7. Modify UtranCell MO to include new serving cell parameters needed for priority

based cell reselection.

8. Configure EutranFreqRelation MO for LTE neighbors of this Utran cell.




None

4.1.4 Deactivation

Recommended deactivation steps:

1. Set feature state to DEACTIVATED for feature LTE Cell Reselection (FAJ 121 1474).

The feature can be deactivated in a specific cell by deleting the configured instances of

EutranFreqRelation MO. This action stops broadcast of SIB19 in the cell and, as a result,

no LTE cell reselection can take place.


Hierarchical Cell Structure (FAJ 121 1055) is an optional feature.


To enable Hierarchical Cell Structure (HCS) in RAN, it is necessary to provide the operator

with the ability to configure relevant HCS Information Elements (IEs) in SI. They are

present in SIBs 3, 11 and 12.

4.2.2 Activation


1. Order and install the license key for feature Hierarchical Cell Structure (FAJ 121

1055).

2. Set feature state to ACTIVATED for feature Hierarchical Cell Structure (FAJ 121

1055), CXC 403 0015.

3. Configure the HCS-related parameters in UtranCell MO (hcsUsage and

hcsSib3Config) and UtranRelation MO (hcsSib11Config), see Section 3.2.4 and

Section 5.3.


None

4.2.4 Deactivation

1. Set feature state to DEACTIVATED for feature Hierarchical Cell Structure (FAJ 121

1055).


SIB18 for Improved Inter PLMN Mobility (FAJ 121 1124) is an optional feature.




None

4.3.2 Activation


1. Order and install the license key for feature SIB18 for Improved Inter PLMN Mobility

(FAJ 121 1124).

2. Activate the Scheduling Block by setting the schedulingBlockEnabled parameter to

TRUE.

3. Make sure that the start position of SIB18 is modified according to Section 5.7.3.2 if

the feature LTE Cell Reselection (FAJ 121 1474) is activated.

4. Set feature state to ACTIVATED for SIB18 for Improved Inter PLMN Mobility (FAJ 121

1124), CXC 403 0028.


None

4.3.4 Deactivation


1. Set feature state to DEACTIVATED for feature SIB18 for Improved Inter PLMN

Mobility (FAJ 121 1124).

4.4 Deferred Measurement Control Reading enhancement to CS Voice Fallback from LTE (FAJ 121 1610)

Deferred Measurement Control Reading enhancement to CS Voice Fallback from LTE (FAJ

121 1610) is an optional feature.


To activate DMCR, the following preconditions have to be met:

� CS Voice Fallback from LTE (FAJ 121 1610) has to be installed.

� featureState for RNC feature, instance DMCR, has to be deactivated.

4.4.2 Activation


1. Install and activate the license CsFallbackLte (key CXC 403 0106) in the RNC with

the featureState parameter.

The configuration of DMCR on cell level (dmcrEnabled parameter) can be done prior to



installation of the license key. Activation takes effect immediately.


Preconditions for deactivation are:

� Make sure that DMCR is activated in the RNC and that is uses CsFallbackLte license.

� Make sure that featureState is activated.

4.4.4 Deactivation


1. Deactivate the feature on RNC level with the featureState parameter for

RncFeature DMCR.

Deactivation takes effect immediately.

5 Engineering Guidelines

This section provides complementary information about practical engineering aspects of the

radio functionality. It covers issues such as using the operator-definable radio parameters

in different radio network scenarios, describing reasoning behind the parameter settings, as

well as providing the examples of common settings when appropriate.

This document contains basic engineering guidelines for ranking based intra-frequency and

inter-frequency cell reselection within WCDMA as well as ranking based cell reselection to

GSM. For more information about IRAT camping strategies as well as engineering

guidelines for priority based cell reselection to and from LTE, refer to Reference [11].

Note: Differences in behavior using the same parameter setting with different UE

types have been observed. This indicates that when tuning Idle Mode

parameters, it is important to use the most common UEs in the system to

achieve the desired behavior from the tuning.

5.1 Cell Selection

qQualMin and qRxLevMin parameters set the minimum levels for Idle Mode camping. The

recommended settings are the following:

� qQualMin= -18 dB

� qRxLevMin= -115 dBm

It is recommended to keep these values constant. If there is a need to modify Idle Mode

cell size, the cell reselection parameters can be used for that purpose.

The recommended setting for qRxLevMin is the lowest possible value that can be used

without having a license key for the optional feature Increased Downlink Coverage. To

enable the UE to read SI, the power levels on BCH must be set correctly, refer to Reference

[17].

The setting of qRxLevMin is related to the power level on the Primary CPICH



(primaryCpichPower), refer to Reference [17]. If the value of primaryCpichPower is

increased, a UE at the cell border can have problems with accessing the system if the cell is

loaded. To keep the cell size constant and compensate for the increase of

primaryCpichPower, it is recommended to increase the setting of qRxLevMin accordingly.

The maxTxPowerUl parameter is used to limit the maximum UE transmit power in a cell. It

is also used to give UEs with lower power capability, and thus smaller UL coverage, a

matching cell area in Idle Mode. The value to configure depends on what UE type the

network is planned for. Since most existing UEs have a power capability of 21 dBm or 24

dBm, it is recommended to set maxTxPowerUl to 24 dBm.

A comparison between cell sizes in Idle Mode and Connected Mode CELL_DCH state shows

that the cell size is generally larger in Connected Mode. One reason is that soft handover is

used, which improves radio link quality.

The cell selection parameters work in the same way for a combined WCDMA-GSM network,

for example, the qRxLevMin parameter is set also for GSM neighbors.

The initial process of PLMN selection decides which PLMN is initially chosen. This process

depends on UE type, as well as both operator-controllable and user-controllable data stored

on the SIM card, such as preferred PLMN and RAT, refer to Reference [21]. That type of

data cannot be managed by WCDMA RAN parameters. It is only when the UE has found a

suitable cell, of the selected PLMN, that it is solely controlled by the cell reselection

parameters, as set by the network in the SI.

5.2 Cell Reselection

This section explains the measurements and cell ranking done by UE.

Note: This section provides engineering guidelines for ranking based cell reselection

(legacy cell reselection).

5.2.1 Measurements

The UE measures and evaluates the neighboring cells listed in SI (SIB11).There are three

different types of neighboring cells:

� Intra-frequency neighbors

� Inter-frequency neighbors

� GSM neighbors

5.2.1.1 Measurements on Intra-Frequency Neighbors

The decision on when to start measurements on intra-frequency neighbors for cell

reselection is made using the sIntraSearch parameter. The recommendation not to send

this parameter in SI is achieved with the following setting:

� sIntraSearch = 0 [not sent]

When this parameter is not sent, the UEs are configured to perform measurements on

intra-frequency neighbors continuously.

5.2.1.2 Measurements on Inter-Frequency Neighbors



If inter-frequency neighbors are defined in the cell, the sInterSearch parameter decides

when the UE starts to measure them.

When this parameter is not sent (sIntersearch = 0), the UEs are configured to perform

measurements on inter-frequency neighbors continuously. This setting results in load

balancing among the different frequencies as the UE always performs cell reselection to the

frequency on which the received quality is the best.

Note: This setting impacts battery consumption in the UE because the UE searches

for other frequencies also when the quality of the serving cell is good.

If no inter-frequency neighbors are defined in the cell, the sInterSearch parameter can be

set to any value, because it is not used.

5.2.1.3 Measurements on GSM Neighbors

If GSM neighbors are defined in the cell, the sRatSearch parameter and sHcsRat decide

when the UE starts to measure them. The sRatSearch parameter is used to calculate a

CPICH Ec/N0 threshold in relation to qQualMin whereas the sHcsRat parameter specifies

the corresponding CPICH RSCP threshold in relation to qRxLevMin. The recommended

parameter values for sRatSearch and sHcsRat are 4 dB and 3dB, respectively. With this

setting a UE in Idle Mode or in CELL_FACH starts to measure GSM neighbors when either

measured quality or signal strenght in the serving cell is less than or equal to the

thresholds given below:

Qqualmeas = qQualMin + sRatSearch = -18 + 4 = -14 dB

OR:

Qrxlevmeas = qRxLevMin + sHcsRat + Pcompensation = -112 + Pcompensation dBm

Note: The thresholds are set relatively low to avoid ping-pong behavior between

WCDMA and GSM.

With the current default setting of sHcsRat (-105 dB), the CPICH RSCP threshold is not

activated and the UE triggers the start of GSM measurements based on the received quality

in the serving cell. To activate the CPICH RSCP threshold, the sHcsRat parameter has to be

set to a value > 0. All negative values of sHcsRat are interpreted as 0 by the UE according

to Reference [23].

Note: The use of the sHcsRat parameter in a non-HCS network was introduced late

in 3GPP Rel-5 with CR 130 on TS 25.304 (Reference [22]). Therefore, there

can be still some old terminals that do not support this parameter. These

terminals behave in the same way as if the parameter is not activated, that is,

they only base the start of GSM measurements on the CPICH Ec/N0 threshold

set by the sRatSearch parameter.

Field testing proved that the measured CPICH Ec/N0 and CPICH RSCP levels in the cell are

not always correlated. For example, when the UE moves out of WCDMA coverage, the

CPICH Ec/N0 level measured in the UE can still be correct while the received signal level is

decreasing. Therefore, it is important to be able to start GSM measurements based on both

measurement quantities.

Figure 10 illustrates when GSM measurements are performed by the UE based on the



CPICH Ec/N0 threshold. A similar graph can also apply to the corresponding CPICH RSCP

threshold.

Figure 10 Measurements on GSM Neighbors

If no GSM neighbors are defined, the sRatSearch and sHcsRat parameters can be set to

any value, because they are not used.

5.2.1.4 Inter-Frequency and GSM Measurements in CELL_FACH

When inter-frequency and/or GSM neighbors are defined in the cell, the following settings

are recommended:

� fachMeasOccaCycLenCoeff = 4

This setting has to be used when either inter-frequency or GSM neighbors are defined in

the cell. With this setting, the UE leaves the FACH channel every 16th frame to perform

measurements on other frequencies or RATs.

� fachMeasOccaCycLenCoeff = 3

This setting has to be used when both inter-frequency and GSM neighbors are defined in

the cell. With this setting, the UE leaves the FACH channel every 8th frame to perform

measurements on other frequencies and RATs.

If inter-frequency neighbors are defined in the cell, the interFreqFddMeasIndicator

parameter has to be set to TRUE. With this setting, the UE evaluates the cell reselection

criteria on inter-frequency cells in CELL_FACH.

5.2.2 Cell Ranking

Only measured neighbor cells that fulfill the cell selection criteria are ranked. The

qualMeasQuantity parameter defines what ranking quantity is used. The recommended

setting is qualMeasQuantity = 2 which corresponds to CPICH Ec/N0.



With this setting, the UE first makes a CPICH RSCP ranking. If a GSM cell is highest ranked,

no more ranking is done. If a WCDMA neighbor is highest ranked, a second ranking takes

place, this time according to CPICH Ec/No, and excluding all GSM neighbors.

It is possible to control the cell size in Idle Mode using the qHyst and qOffset. The qHyst

(represented by qHyst1 and qHyst2 parameters) is added to the measured values of the

serving cell. These parameters expand cell borders of the serving cell to avoid ping-pong

effects. The qOffset1sn or qOffset2sn parameters add an offset value for a cell-to-cell

relation that are used to move the borders between the cells. A positive value of the

qOffset (represented by qOffset1sn and qOffset2sn) makes the neighbor decrease in size

and a negative value makes the neighbor increase in size.

The UE reselects the cell first on the ranked list when the reselection criteria have been

fulfilled during a time interval of treSelection. The combination of settings for the

treSelection and qHyst below has in tests proven to give stable cell reselection behavior:

� qHyst1 = 4 dB

� qHyst2 = 4 dB

� treSelection = 2 seconds

The setting for the treSelection parameter is a compromise between a too low value,

triggering too many reselections in the fading radio environment, and a too high value, that

slows down the process.

The value for the qOffset1sn parameter is the offset between serving cell and target cell

based on received signal strength. The Qoffset2sn parameter is the offset based on Ec/No.

Note: The qOffset1sn parameter works identically for WCDMA-GSM and WCDMA-

WCDMA neighbor relations. However, the values of GSM RSSI and WCDMA

CPICH RSCP are not of the same nature and, therefore, not directly

comparable. Based on measurements of BLER on broadcast channels for the

different radio access technologies, a rule of thumb that can be used for initial

parameter settings is the following:

[CPICH RSCP] + 7 dB is comparable to [GSM RSSI]

For example, a measured RSCP on a WCDMA CPICH of –100 dBm is comparable to a GSM

broadcast channel RSSI of –93 dBm.

A parameter setting of a GSM neighbor to qOffset1sn = +7 thus makes the received signal

strength in the WCDMA and the GSM cell comparable. If the value is > 7 dB, the WCDMA

cell is prioritized, that is, made larger, see Figure 11.

The recommended default values for the offset parameters are as follows:

� qOffset1sn = 0 dB for WCDMA neighbors

� qOffset1sn = 7dB for GSM neighbors

� qOffset2sn = 0 dB



Figure 11 Inter-RAT Cell Reselection from a WCDMA Serving Cell to a GSM Neighbor

The default setting described above attempts to make the WCDMA and the GSM cells

comparable in the ranking procedure. With this setting, it is important that the UE does not

start measuring on GSM cells too early, that is, the GSM cells should not be a part of the

ranking procedure until the quality of the serving WCDMA cell is bad enough. This is

achieved with sRatSearch set to 4 dB (see Section 5.2.1.3).

5.3 HCS Deployment Example

As an example of how to configure HCS parameters, a two-carrier network is assumed

where HS is deployed on one of them, see Figure 12. The Hierarchical Cell Structure

feature is used to move UEs in Idle Mode to the non-HS carrier. As a result, the expected

starting point for the majority of connection establishments from Idle Mode is the non-HS

carrier. At connection establishment the HS users follows the HS Cell Selection procedure

and select a cell on the HS carrier, while non-HS users establish their connections on the

non-HS carrier. In case of high load in the non-HS carrier, Inter Frequency Load Sharing

re-directs also non-HS users to the HS carrier.

Figure 12 Scenario Used to Demonstrate HCS: Two Carriers with HSDPA Deployed on One



of Them

When in CELL_FACH or URA_PCH, typically reached due to low activity on the packet

switched connection, it is desirable to remain on the HS carrier to avoid unnecessary

transitions between carriers and keep the HS access time to a minimum. By setting

qOffset2sn to a high value for all inter frequency neighbor relations of the HS cells, the

reselection procedure to the non-HS carrier is in practise disabled for both Idle Mode and

Connected Mode UEs. But with the use of HCS, Idle Mode inter frequency cell reselections

are made possible and in fact promoted from HS to non-HS carrier.

To activate HCS for Idle Mode, the hcsUsage.idleMode parameter is set to TRUE in the HS

carrier cells. The non-HS carrier cells are assigned priority over the HS carrier cells by

configuring hcsSib3Config.hcsPrio to 0 for all HS carrier cells and

hcsSib11Config.hcsPrio to 1 for all cell relations to cells in the non-HS carrier. In the

opposite direction, HCS should not be activated and sInterSearch for non-HS cells is

configured to allow inter frequency measurements only for UEs experiencing poor quality

on the non-HS carrier. In this way, the amount of UEs reselecting to the HS carrier can be

limited. To avoid ping-pong reselections in poor quality areas (where Ec/N0 ≤

sInterSearch) in non-HS cells, qOffset2sn can be configured to place the HS cell lower in

the ranking with a few dBs.

As mentioned in Section 3.2.4.3, cells that are to be part of the HCS cell ranking have a

certain quality threshold Qhcs (hcsSib3Config.qHcs for serving cells and

hcsSib11Config.qHcs for neighbors). Setting a minimum acceptable quality level on qHcs

makes it possible to avoid that cells with insufficient quality are reselected just because

they have higher priority, so a general recommendation is to set hcsSib11Config.qHcs

equal or higher than target cell qQualMin. However, depending on the configuration of the

non-HS carrier there can be reasons to configure hcsSib11Config.qHcs to a higher value.

For the cell relations to the non-HS carrier in this specific example, hcsSib11Config.qHcs

has to be set a few dB higher than sInterSearch to make sure the UE reselect to a

location with sufficient quality and do not immediately reselect back to the HS cell. In the

presence of GSM neighbors in the non-HS target cells, it must be ensured that HCS is not

redirecting UEs to cells with a signal level low enough to trigger GSM measurements. This

is avoided by setting hcsSib11Config.qHcs equal to or a few dB higher than sRatSearch.

There is also a temporary offset that can be used to avoid inter frequency transitions to

occur too easily with ping-pong reselection as a possible result. This means the inter

frequency target cell needs to prove an extra quality offset to qualify for the ranking during

a certain penalty time. Both the additional quality offset and the penalty time are

configurable. At the expiry of the penalty time, the offset does not apply and the

qualification level is qHcs. Temporary offset is not used in this example.

The maximum amount of neighbor that fit in the SIB11 message depends on how many

and which SIB11 parameters that have been configured a value that need to be

communicated to the UEs. If HCS is activated, the limit for maximum number of neighbor

relations can decrease.

Table 5 summarizes setting of the HCS parameters together with sIntraSearch,

sInterSearch and qOffset2sn, minimizing non-HS traffic on the HS carrier and

consequently provides good conditions for high performance packet switch data services.

Further optimization is recommended to adapt to specific characteristics in different

networks.

Table 6 Setting of HCS Parameters for Improving HSDPA Performance in a Two-carrier Scenario

Parameter non-HS carrier HS carrier

hcsUsage.idleMode FALSE TRUE



5.4 Deployment of an Additional Carrier

When an additional carrier is deployed cluster-wise or as a co-located hot spot cell there

are two different camping strategies that can be implemented. The camping can be either

equally distributed or biased towards a certain carrier.

The policy of equal camping, not favoring any cell on any carrier, is implemented by setting

qOffset2sn = 0 between cells on different carriers.

Biased camping towards any cell on any carrier in any direction is implemented by tuning

qOffset2sn. The parameter can be changed to -3 dB in the direction from the additional

carrier cells down to the other carrier cells. In the opposite direction, qOffset2sn can be

changed to +3 dB. A variant of biased camping is off-loading a carrier, that is, using the

maximum (+50 dB) and minimum (-50 dB) values for qOffset2sn on the cell relations to

steer all UEs to camp on a certain carrier. All the changes of qOffset2sn have to be

performed while monitoring the performance in the additional carrier cells to see that the

intended traffic load on each carrier is achieved.

For hot-spot and border cells on the additional carrier a higher qRxLevMin (or qQualMin)

value can be applied to prevent UEs from setting up connections close to the cell borders,

and thereby directly start compressed mode measurements once a successful access is

made. A threshold level slightly higher than the compressed mode start level (refer to

Reference [9]) is recommended initially, but lower values are also possible. The desired

behavior is that the additional carrier hot-spot cell is only loaded through the underlying

co-located cell, and not the adjacent underlying cells. That is managed by either tuning

qOffset2sn values on neighbor relations or by not defining underlying adjacent cells as

neighbors in the direction from underlying cells to the additional hot-spot cell. For more

information on Compressed Mode Control (CPM), refer to Reference [11].

According to 3GPP, the UE is only required to measure on two non-used frequencies in

hcsUsage.connectedMode FALSE FALSE

hcsSib3Config.hcsPrio n/a 0

hcsSib3Config.qHcs n/a default, that is, the

serving cell

considered in HCS

ranking

hcsSib3Config.sSearchHcs n/a default, corresponds

to 0 offset from qRxLevMin

hcsSib11Config.hcsPrio n/a 1 (for cell relations

to non-HS carrier)

hcsSib11Config.penaltyTime n/a 0 [not used]

hcsSib11Config.qHcs n/a > sInterSearchconfigured in the

non-HS target cells.

hcsSib11Config.temporaryOffset1 n/a 0 [infinity]

hcsSib11Config.temporaryOffset2 n/a 0 [infinity]

sIntraSearch 0 [not sent] 0 [not sent]

sInterSearch > qQualMin 0 [not sent]

qOffset2sn > 0, (for all inter

frequency cell

relations to HS

carrier cells)

50 dB (for all cell

relations to non-

carrier cells)



addition to the currently used one. In a network with four carriers, it is recommended to

only configure inter-frequency cell relations to maximum two (of the three) non-used

frequencies. Idle Mode access across all the three different non-used frequencies can still

be achieved by making sure that at least one of the two configured non-used frequencies

has inter-frequency neighbors defined to the third non-used frequency.

Note: The maximum number of neighbor relations possible to contain in SIB 11 in

the RNC is 83. The encoded message length of System Information Block type

11 (SIB11), carrying all neighbor cell information, increases when the

parameters qOffset2sn and qRxLevMin (or qQualMin) are changed as

described above. To secure that the cell is not disabled due to SIB scheduling

errors, it is recommended to limit the total number of neighbor relations

defined in the cell (that is, the sum of Utran and Gsm relations) to 75 if

qOffset2sn is changed (that is, the parameter is set to a value <> 0 for inter-

frequency cell relations). In hot spot and border cells, the total number of

neighbor relations defined in the cell has to be lower than 65 if other setting

than default is used for qOffset2sn and qRxLevMin (or qQualMin) parameters.

5.5 GSM to WCDMA Cell Reselection

It is important to correlate the parameters in WCDMA and GSM to achieve the required

inter-RAT cell reselection behavior and thus a smooth coexistence. For extensive

information on GSM parameters, ranges and default values, refer to Reference [20].

5.6 Paging

This section describes paging and DRX Cycle Length in Idle Mode and in URA_PCH state.

5.6.1 DRX Cycle Length Coefficient in Idle Mode

The setting of the DRX cycle length coefficient for paging in Idle Mode is a trade off

between call setup time and UE battery use. A longer DRX cycle can significantly increase

the UE standby time but it also impacts the call setup time for terminating calls. If the DRX

cycle length is increased, the average call setup time is delayed with (DRX_cycle_new -

DRX_cycle_old)/2 ms. For example, if the DRX cycle length is changed from 640 ms to

1280 ms, the terminating call setup time is increased with 320 ms on average. The DRX

cycle length coefficient used in Idle Mode is configured by the cnDrxCycleLengthCs and

cnDrxCycleLengthPs parameters.

It is recommended to use the same DRX cycle length coefficient for both the CS and the PS

domain.

5.6.2 DRX Cycle Length Coefficient in URA_PCH

The setting of the DRX cycle length coefficient in URA_PCH state is a trade off between

latency and UE battery usage. A longer DRX cycle can improve the UE battery consumption

at the cost of longer delays for DL triggered user data transmission as well as longer call

setup times for terminating calls. When URA is activated in the network, it is recommended

to use the same DRX cycle length coefficient in URA_PCH as in Idle Mode.

The DRX cycle length coefficient used in URA_PCH is set by the UtranDrxCycleLength

parameter.




This section describes various Scheduling Block Deployment and alternative SIB schedules.

5.7.1 Scheduling Block Deployment

When additional System Information Blocks are introduced on the broadcast channel, the

amount of SIB scheduling information increases. To lower the load of the Master

Information block (MIB), it is possible to enable the use of a separate Scheduling Block

(SB1) by setting the schedulingBlockEnabled parameter to TRUE, see Section 3.7.1 for

more details. If the Scheduling Block is enabled, it contains scheduling information for SIB2

(if there are URAs associated to the cell), SIB12, SIB18 (if SIB18, Enhanced Inter PLMN

Mobility feature is activated) and SIB19 (if LTE Cell Reselection feature is activated). All

other SIBs are still referenced from the MIB.

The recommendation is to enable the Scheduling Block SB1 if at least one of the optional

System Information Blocks SIB2 and/or SIB18 are scheduled on the broadcast channel.

5.7.2 SIB18 Deployment

Broadcast of SIB18 is a license-controlled feature and a software key is necessary for

activation. When activated, SIB18 contains the PLMN id for each GSM relation listed in

SIB11. On the basis of this information, the UE can avoid measuring and evaluating GSM

neighbors belonging to disallowed PLMNs, and, as a result, speed up the cell reselection

procedure.

The recommendation is to deploy SIB18 in areas with many GSM neighbors of not

applicable networks.

5.7.3 Alternative SIB Schedules

This section specifies the parameter setting to be used for some alternative SIB schemes.

Note: A parameter setting where one or several SIBs are scheduled in the same

position as the MIB or SB1 is not allowed. This setting generates a scheduling

failure in the RNC when the cell is locked/unlocked. To avoid scheduling

failures, ues the alternative settings for the SIB scheduling parameters.

5.7.3.1 Broadcast of Domain Specific Access Restrictions in SIB3

The default values for the SIB scheduling parameters are carefully chosen to allow network

expansion, that is, the default values cater for the situation where the amount of

information to be broadcast increases, without creating a need to adjust these parameters

(for example, new neighboring cell relationships can be added, without having to adjust the

sib11RepPeriod and sib11StartPos). However, there are potential risks in adjusting these

parameters. If adjustments cause a scheduling failure in the RNC, that is, the RNC is not

able to create a working schedule based on newly configured sibxRepPeriod or

sibxStartPos, then all cells controlled by that RNC are disabled and an alarm is raised for

each cell. For example, extreme care must be taken to ensure that a complete segment

from one SIB does not try to occupy the same position as a segment from another SIB.

Note: If attributes for more than one SIB are changed, it is essential that all changes

are made in the same transaction. Otherwise, the RNC tries to schedule

intermediate configurations, and if that fails, all cells in the RNC can be

disabled.



When domain-specific access restrictions are included in SI, either by setting the

accessClassesBarredCs and/or accessClassesBarredPs parameters to TRUE for any

Access Classes 0-15 or by activating the feature Load Triggered Access Class Barring or

Manually Triggered Access Class Barring, the encoded message length of SIB3 increases. If

the size of SIB3 is too large, it can be impossible to schedule all SIBs on the broadcast

channel using the default setting of the sibStartPos and sibRepPeriod SIB parameters

specified in Section 6.2.

In order to secure that the cell is not disabled due to SIB scheduling errors, it is

recommended to use an alternative setting of the SIB parameters when domain-specific

access restrictions are signalled to the UE in SIB3. The alternative setting is as follows:

5.7.3.2 Broadcast of SIB19

It is recommended that the SIB scheduling is changed as specified in the table below

before SIB19 is broadcast in the cell.

Note: Start values within parenthesis can be used if domain-specific access

restrictions are applied as specified in Section 5.7.3.1.

With this configuration, it is possible to define up to 8 LTE frequency relations and 9

blacklisted cells in total per Utran cell. If there is a need to add more than 9 blacklisted

cells, the repetition period of both SIB11 and SIB19 has to be increased from 128 to 256.

No other SIB scheduling attributes require to be changed.

Table 7 Alternative SIB Scheduling for Broadcast of Domain Specific Access Class Restrictions

System Information Block Start Position Repetition Period

Scheduling Block, SB1 (optional) 126 128

SIB1 4 32

SIB2 (optional) 118 128

SIB3 14 32

SIB5 6 32

SIB7 2 16

SIB11 20 128

SIB12 18 32


Table 8 Alternative SIB Scheduling for Broadcast of SIB19



SIB1 4 32


SIB3 2 (14) 16 (32)

SIB5 6 32

SIB7 2 16

SIB11 20 128

SIB12 14 (18) 32





As an alternative to the setting in Table 8, the setting as recommended for DMCR in

Section 5.7.3.4 can also be applied in case SIB19 is broadcasted in the cell. With this

configuration, it is possible to define up to eight LTE frequencies and nine blacklisted cells

in total per UTRAN cell. In case less than eight LTE frequencies are broadcast more than

nine blacklisted cells can be defined.

5.7.3.3 Broadcast of HS-FACH specific information in SIB5

To secure that the cell is not disabled due to SIB scheduling errors, an alternative SIB

scheduling scheme has to be configured when High speed downlink for FACH (FAJ 121

1537) is activated and HS-FACH specific information is broadcast in SIB5.

The alternative setting is specified in the table below.

Note: Start values within parenthesis can be used if domain-specific access

restrictions are applied as specified in Section 5.7.3.1.

5.7.3.4 Optimized SIB Scheduling Applied when DMCR is Activated in the Cell

The following setting of the SIB scheduling parameters results in a more optimized SIB

acquisition in the UE when feature DMCR is activated in the cell.

In the table above, SIB5 is scheduled using a repetition period of 320 ms. However, the

same setting can also be applied in case High Speed Downlink for FACH is activated in the

Table 9 Alternative SIB Scheduling for Broadcast of HS-FACH-Specific Information in SIB5



SIB1 4 32


SIB3 2 (14) 16 (32)

SIB5 6 64

SIB7 2 16

SIB11 28 128

SIB12 14 (18) 32



Table 10 Optimized SIB Scheduling for DMCR


Scheduling Block (optional) 4 64

SIB1 2 32


SIB3 6 32

SIB5 20 32 (64)

SIB7 2 16

SIB11 14 128

SIB12 42 64





cell and the repetition period of SIB5 is increased to 640 ms as recommended in Section

5.7.3.3.

Note: The optimized setting presented in Table 10 can result in a faster SIB

acquisition also when DMCR is not activated in the cell.

5.8 URA Planning

For the following information on URA planning:

� Size of URA

� URA planning over Iur border

� Overlap at URA area borders

refer to Reference [12].

5.9 Camping in Idle Mode with Frequency Priority at Connection Release (FAJ 121 2368)

Frequency Priority at Connection Release specifies the frequency at which the UE has to

start camping in Idle Mode. When the release is completed, the UE follows normal rules for

Idle Mode behavior and cell reselection can take place. To observe any effect of this

feature, it is important that the Idle Mode parameters are set in a way that they do not

counteract with this feature. It has to be verified that the UEs in most cases stay on the

frequency to which it is redirected.

For more information on Frequency Priority at Connection Release, refer to Reference [6].

6 Parameters

This section describes all configurable parameters to control the UE behavior in Idle Mode

and in CELL_FACH and URA_PCH states.

6.1 Descriptions

This section provides parameters descriptions.

6.1.1 Cell Selection and Reselection

absPrioCellRes.cellReselectionPriority

Absolute priority of a WCDMA serving cell used for

priority based cell reselection. The parameter is

defined per cell.

absPrioCellRes.sPrioritySearch1

Specifies the threshold value of Srxlev in the

WCDMA serving cell, expressed as CPICH RSCP,

controlling the need for and the intensity of LTE

measurements. This threshold is used in the

measurement rules as specified in Section 3.2.5.3

absPrioCellRes.sPrioritySearch2

Specifies the threshold value of Squal in the

WCDMA serving cell, expressed as CPICH Ec/N0,

controlling the need for and the intensity of LTE

measurements. This threshold is used in the

measurement rules as specified in Section 3.2.5.3



absPrioCellRes.threshServingLow

Specifies the limit for Srxlev in the WCDMA serving

cell, expressed as CPICH RSCP, below which the

can perform priority based cell reselection to a cell

belonging to a lower priority LTE frequency.

bandIndicator

Indicates for which GSM band, DCS 1800 or PCS

1900, the ARFCN for the GSM cell is valid. The

parameter is defined per GSM neighbor.

bcchFrequency BCCH frequency code in the GSM cell. The

parameter is defined per GSM neighbor.

blacklistedCell

List of up to 16 blacklisted LTE cells per LTE

frequency relation. No duplicates in the list are

allowed. Blacklisted LTE cells are represented by

their Physical Cell Id (PCI). The UE does not

consider a blacklisted cell for cell reselection.

cellReserved

Indicates whether this cell is reserved for operator

use. If it is reserved, only UEs assigned to Access

Classes 11 or 15 can treat the cell as candidate for

cell selection and cell reselection if the cell belongs

to the home PLMN. For other UEs, the cell is barred.

The parameter is defined per cell.

cellReselectionPriority

Absolute priority of an LTE frequency used for

priority based cell reselection. The parameter is

defined per LTE frequency relation.

dmcrEnabled Enables or disables the DMCR feature on cell level.

earfcnDl

Downlink E-UTRA Absolute Radio Frequency

Channel Number (EARFCN) defining an LTE

frequency. The mapping from channel number to

physical frequency is described in 3GPP TS 36.104

(Reference [26]).

eutraDetection

Indicates whether the UE has to detect and display

lower priority LTE frequencies while camping in

WCDMA.

fachMeasOccaCycLenCoeff

Used to calculate the FACH measurement occasions

(see fachmeasoccasion) in which no data is

scheduled to a UE in state CELL_FACH. The

parameter is defined per cell.

hcsPrioOffset

Priority offset added, if HCS is used, by UE to the

normal HCS priority level of cells on the MBMS

preferred frequency to keep/move the UE to that

frequency. The parameter is set per cell and

signalled to the UE on the MBMS control channel

MCCH.

hcsSib3Config.hcsPrio HCS priority level for the serving cell. The value is

sent in SIB3.

hcsSib3Config.qHcs

Quality threshold level for applying prioritized

hierarchical cell reselection. The parameter is

defined per serving cell and the value is sent in

SIB3. Separate mapping tables are used for

measurement quantity Ec/N0 and RSCP.

hcsSib3Config.sSearchHcs This threshold is used for measurement rules for

cell reselection. When HCS is used, it specifies the

limit for Srxlev in the serving cell below which the

UE has to initiate measurements of all neighboring



cells of the serving cell. When HCS is not used, it

specifies the limit Srxlev in the serving cell below

which the UE ranks inter-frequency neighboring

cells of the serving cell. The parameter is sent in

SIB3.

hcsSib11Config.hcsPrio

HCS priority level for the neighbor cell. The

parameter is configurable per inter-frequency and

intra-frequency cell relation and the value is sent in

SIB11.

hcsSib11Config.penaltyTime

Specifies the time duration for which the Temporary

offset(n) is applied for a neighbor cell. The



SIB11.

hcsSib11Config.qHcs

Specifies the quality threshold level for applying

prioritized hierarchical cell reselection. The

parameter is defined per inter-frequency and intra

frequency cell relation and the value is sent in

SIB11. Separate mapping tables are used for

measurement quantity Ec/N0 and RSCP.

hcsSib11Config.temporaryOffset1

Specifies the temporary offset applied to the H and

R criteria when HCS is used. The parameter is used

for GSM cells and for WCDMA cells when the quality

measure for cell reselection is set to RSCP. The



SIB11.

hcsSib11Config.temporaryOffset2

Specifies the temporary offset applied to the H and

R criteria when HCS is used. The parameter is used

for WCDMA cells when the quality measure for cell

reselection is set to Ec/N0. The parameter is

configurable per inter-frequency and intra-

frequency cell relation and the value is sent in

SIB11.

hcsUsage.connectedMode

Controls whether HCS has to be used in states

CELL_FACH and URA_PCH. The parameter is

configurable per cell and the value is sent in SIB12.

Note: For the UE to apply HCS rules in

Connected Mode, the corresponding

parameter for Idle Mode

(hcsUsage.idleMode ) must also be

set to TRUE.

hcsUsage.idleMode

Controls whether HCS has to be used in Idle Mode.

The parameter is configurable per cell and the value

is sent in SIB11.

interFreqFddMeasIndicator

Indicates if the UE is required to perform

measurements and evaluate the cell reselection

criteria for Interfrequency neighbors in state

CELL_FACH. The parameter is defined per cell.

maxTxPowerUl

UE maximum transmission power on the RACH

when accessing the system. The parameter is also

used to calculate the cell selection criteria Srxlev. It



is defined per serving cell and per WCDMA neighbor

and GSM neighbor.

mcc Mobile Country Code part of the PLMN identity used

in the radio network.

mnc Mobile Network Code of the PLMN identity used in

the radio network.

nmo

Network operation mode that indicates whether the

Gs interface between the SGSN and MSC/VLR is

installed. The parameter is defined per Routing

Area.

primaryScramblingCode Primary downlink scrambling code to be used in the

cell.

qHyst1 Hysteresis value of the serving cell to be used for

cell ranking based on CPICH RSCP.

qHyst2 Hysteresis value of the serving cell to be used for

cell ranking based on CPICH Ec/No.

qOffset1sn

Signal strength offset between source and target

cell to be used for cell ranking based on CPICH

RSCP. The parameter is defined per WCDMA

neighbor relation and per GSM neighbor relation.

qOffset2sn

Signal strength offset between source and target

cell to be used for cell ranking based on CPICH

Ec/No. The parameter is defined per WCDMA

neighbor relation.

qQualMin

Minimum required quality level in the cell measured

in the UE. The parameter is defined per serving cell

and per WCDMA neighbor.

qRxLevMin

Minimum required signal strength level received in

the UE. The parameter is defined per serving cell

per WCDMA neighbor, per GSM neighbor (expressed

as the RSCP level) and per LTE frequency neighbor

(expressed as the RSRP level).

qualityOffset

An additional offset applied to cells belonging to the

MBMS Preferred Layer. The parameter is defined per

cell and signalled to the UE on the MBMS control

channel MCCH.

qualMeasQuantity

Quality measure (CPICH RSCP or CPICH Ec/No)

used in UE functions for cell selection and

reselection in Idle and Connected Modes. The

parameter is defined per cell.

sHcsRat

Decision on when measurements on GSM neighbors

are performed which is made using this parameter

in relation with Srxlev. The parameter is defined per

cell.

sInterSearch

Decision on when measurements on Interfrequency

neighbors are performed. The parameter is defined

per cell.

sIntraSearch

Decision on when measurements on Intrafrequency

neighbors are performed. The parameter is defined

per cell.

sRatSearch Decision on when measurements on GSM neighbors

are performed which is made using this parameter



6.1.2 Location and Routing Area Updating

6.1.3 URA Handling

6.1.4 Paging

in relation with Squal. The parameter is defined per

cell.

threshHigh

Minimum signal strength threshold for a UE to

perform cell reselection to a higher priority LTE cell

The parameter is defined per LTE frequency

relation.

threshLow

Minimum signal strength threshold for a UE to

perform cell reselection to a lower priority LTE cell

The parameter is defined per LTE frequency

relation.

treSelection

Reselection time control of cell selection and

reselection. The time-to-trigger for cell reselection

occurs in seconds. The parameter is defined per

cell.

uarfcnDl

Downlink UTRAN Absolute Radio Frequency Channel

number. Specifies the channel number for the

central DL frequency. The mapping from channel

number to physical frequency is described in 3GPP

specification TS 25.104 (Reference [25]).

uarfcnUl

Uplink UTRAN Absolute Radio Frequency Channel

number. Specifies the channel number for the

central UL frequency. The mapping from channel

number to physical frequency is described in 3GPP

specification TS 25.104 (Reference [25]).

att

Parameter that facilitates the avoidance of unnecessary paging attempts.

The parameter is sent on BCCH and informs the UE if IMSI attach and

detach is applied. It is defined per Location Area.

lAC LA Code that identifies a Location Area.

rAC RA Code that identifies a Routing area.

t3212 Periodic Update Timer for LA update. The parameter is defined per Location

Area.

uraIdentity The parameter identifies a UTRAN Registration Area (URA) in the network.

cnDrxCycleLengthCs CN DRX cycle length coefficient (k) for UEs in Idle Mode, circuit

switched. The parameter is defined per RNC.

cnDrxCycleLengthPs CN DRX cycle length coefficient (k) for UEs in Idle Mode, packet

switched. The parameter is defined per RNC.

utranDrxCycleLength

DRX cycle length coefficient (k) for paging of Connected Mode

UEs in state URA_PCH, applicable for both UTRAN and CN

initiated paging. The parameter is defined per RNC.

noOfMaxDrxCycles

Paging notification duration. For notifying UEs in Idle Mode about

an SI update, the RNC sends a paging message on the PCH at

every page occasion of a number of maximum DRX cycles. The

parameter is defined per RNC.



6.1.5 System Information

noOfPagingRecordTransm Number of preconfigured subsequent transmissions of the same

paging record. The parameter is defined per RNC.

noOfMibValueTagRetrans Number of MIB value tag retransmissions on the FACH. The


sb1RepPeriod Repetition period for Scheduling Block 1. The parameter is

defined per RNC.

sb1StartPos Start position of Scheduling Block 1. The parameter is defined per

RNC.

schedulingBlockEnabled Controls whether the Scheduling Block (SB1) is being broadcasted

or not.

sib1PLMNScope-

ValueTag Area part of PLMN scope value tags for SIB1. The parameter is

defined per cell.

sib1RepPeriod Repetition period for SIB Type 1. The parameter is defined per

RNC.


RNC.


RNC.

sib5RepPeriod Repetition period for SIB Type 5 and SIB Type 5bis. The



RNC.


RNC.


RNC.


RNC.


RNC.

sib1StartPos Start position of SIB Type 1. The parameter is defined per RNC



sib5StartPos Start position of SIB Type 5 and SIB Type 5bis. The parameter is

defined per RNC.





sib19StartPos Start position for SIB Type 19. The parameter is defined per RNC

sib7expirationTimeFactor

SIB7 use expiration time as reread mechanism. The expiration

time is parameter sib7RepPeriod times the

sib7expirationTimeFactor. The parameter is defined per RNC

updateCellReattsNo Number of update reattempts when an update of SI parameters



6.2 Values and Ranges

Table 11 specifies the parameters described in this document.

in a cell failed. The parameter is defined per RNC.

Table 11 WCDMA RAN Idle Mode Parameters

Parameter Name Initial Value Value Range Resolution

Cell Selection and Reselection

absPrioCellRes.cellReselectionPriority 3 0..7 1

absPrioCellRes.sPrioritySearch1 16 0..62 2

absPrioCellRes.sPrioritySearch2 0 0..7 1

absPrioCellRes.threshServingLow 16 0..62 2

bandIndicator DCS 1800 DCS 1800; PCS

1900;

OTHER_BANDS

-

bcchFrequency - 0..1023 1

blacklistedCell no blacklisted

cells defined

0..16

blacklisted cells

per LTE

frequency

Integer

[0..503]

represents the

Physical Cell Id

(PCI) of a

blacklisted cell

1

cellReselectionPriority 7 0..7 1

dmcrEnabled FALSE FALSE; TRUE -

cellReserved NOT_RESERVED RESERVED;

NOT_RESERVED

-

earfcnDl - 0..65535 1

eutraDetection TRUE FALSE; TRUE -

fachMeasOccaCycLenCoeff 0 0..12 1

[0] [0: not

broadcasted in

SIB11 (UE is

not allowed to

leave S-CCPCH

to perform

measurements

on other

frequencies or

RATs)

3:

recommended

setting when

both inter-

frequency and

GSM neighbors

are configured

[-]



in the cell

4:

recommended

setting when

either inter-

frequency or

GSM neighbors

are configured

in the cell]

Note 1

hcsSib3Config.hcsPrio 0 0..7 1

hcsSib3Config.qHcs 0 0..99 1

[CPICH Ec/N0

mapping: -24]

[CPICH Ec/N0

mapping: 0..48

= -24..0;

49..99 = spare]

[0.5]

[CPICH RSCP

mapping: -115]

[CPICH RSCP

mapping: 0..89

= -115..-26;

89..99 = spare]

[1]

hcsSib3Config.sSearchHcs -105 -105 .. 91 2

hcsSib11Config.hcsPrio 0 0..7 1

hcsSib11Config.penaltyTime 0

[not used]

0..60

[not used, 10,

20, 30, 40, 50,

60]

10

[-]

hcsSib11Config.qHcs 0 0..99 1

[CPICH Ec/N0

mapping: -24]

[CPICH Ec/N0

mapping: 0..48

= -24..0;

49..99 = spare]

[0.5]

[CPICH RSCP

mapping: -115]

[CPICH RSCP

mapping: 0..89

= -115..-26;

89..99 = spare]

[1]

hcsSib11Config.temporaryOffset1 0

[infinity]

0..21

[infinity; 3; 6;

9; 6; 12; 15;

18; 21]

3

[-]

hcsSib11Config.temporaryOffset2 0

[infinity]

0; 2; 3; 4; 6;

8; 10; 12

[infinity; 2; 3;

4; 6; 8; 10; 12]

-

[-]

hcsUsage.connectedMode FALSE FALSE; TRUE

Note 2

-

hcsUsage.idleMode FALSE FALSE; TRUE -

hcsPrioOffset 7 0..7 1

interFreqFddMeasIndicator FALSE FALSE; TRUE -



maxTxPowerUl (serving cell, WCDMA neighbor within same RNC)

24 -50..+33 1

maxTxPowerUl (WCDMA neighbor belonging to another RNC)

100 -50..+33; 100

(100: The

parameter is

not sent in

SIB11 and the

UE uses the

same value as

specified for

maxTxPowerUl

in the serving

cell)

1

maxTxPowerUl (GSM neighbor) 100 -50..+33; 100

(100: The

parameter is

not sent in

SIB11 and the

UE uses the

maximum

output power

for this GSM

cell, according

to its radio

access

capability)

1

mcc 1 0..999 1

mnc 1 0..999 1

nmo MODE_II MODE_I;

MODE_II

-

primaryScramblingCode - 0..511 1

qHyst1 4 0..40 2

qHyst2 4 0..40 2

qOffset1sn (WCDMA neighbor relation) 0 -50..50 1

qOffset1sn (GSM neighbor relation) 7 -50..50 1

qOffset2sn (WCDMA neighbor relation) 0 -50..50 1

qQualMin (serving cell, WCDMA neighbor within same RNC)

-18 -24..0 1

qQualMin (WCDMA neighbor cell belonging to another RNC)

100 -24..0; 100

(100: The

parameter is

not sent in

SIB11 and the

UE uses the

same value as

specified for

qQualMin in the

serving cell)

1

qRxLevMin (serving cell, WCDMA neighbor belonging to same RNC)

-115 -119..-25

Note 3

2

qRxLevMin (WCDMA neighbor cell belonging to another RNC)

100 -119..-25; 100

(100: The

parameter is

not sent in

2



SIB11 and the

UE uses the

same value as

specified for

qRxLevMin in

the serving cell)

Note 3

qRxLevMin (GSM neighbor cell) 100 -115..-25; 100

(100: The

parameter is

not sent in

SIB11 and the

UE uses same

value as

specified for

qRxlevMin in

the serving cell)

2

qRxLevMin (LTE neighbor cell) -124 -140..-44 2

qualityOffset -1 - 1; 4; 8; 12;

16; 20; 30; 40

-

[infinity] [infinity; 4; 8;

12; 16; 20; 30;

40]

[-]

qualMeasQuantity CPICH_EC_N0 CPICH_RSCP;

CPICH_EC_N0

-

sHcsRat - 105 -105..91 (A

negative value

is interpreted as

0 by the UE)

2

sInterSearch 0 0; 1..27 1

[0] [not sent; -

32..20]

[2]

sIntraSearch 0 0; 1..27 1

[0] [not sent; -

32..20]

[2]

sRatSearch 4 -32..20 (A

negative value

is interpreted as

0 by the UE)

2

threshHigh 6 0..62 2

threshLow 6 0..62 2

treSelection 2 0..31 1

uarfcnDl - 0..16383 -

uarfcnUl - 0..16383 -

Location and Routing Area Updating

att TRUE FALSE; TRUE -

lAC - 1..65533;

65535

1

rAC - 0..255 1

t3212 10 0; 1..255 1

[60] [infinite;

6..1530]

[6]



URA Handling

uraIdentity - 0..65535 1

Paging

cnDrxCycleLengthCs 6 6..9 1

[640] [640; 1280;

2560; 5120]

[-]

cnDrxCycleLengthPs 7 6..9 1

[1280] [640; 1280;

2560; 5120]

[-]

utranDrxCycleLength 5

[320]

3..9

[80; 160; 320;

640; 1280;

2560; 5120]

1

[-]

noOfMaxDrxCycles 1 1..10 1

noOfPagingRecordTransm 2 1..5 1

System Information

noOfMibValueTagRetrans 0 0..10 1

sb1RepPeriod 128 4, 8, 16, 32, ...,

4096

-

sb1StartPos 126 0..4094 2

schedulingBlockEnabled FALSE FALSE; TRUE -

sib1PlmnScopeValueTag - 0..31 1

sib1RepPeriod 32 4, 8, 16, 32, ...,

4096

-

sib2RepPeriod 128 4, 8, 16, 32, ...,

4096

-

sib3RepPeriod 16 4, 8, 16, 32, ...,

4096

-

sib5RepPeriod 32 4, 8, 16, 32, ...,

4096

-

sib7RepPeriod 16 4, 8, 16, 32, ...,

4096

-

sib11RepPeriod 128 4, 8, 16, 32, ...,

4096

-

sib12RepPeriod 32 4, 8, 16, 32, ...,

4096

-

sib18RepPeriod 128 4, 8, 16, 32, ...,

4096

-

sib19RepPeriod 128 4, 8, 16, 32, ...,

4096

-

sib1StartPos 4 0..4094 2







Note 1: If hsFachEnabled parameter in Reference [3] is set to TRUE, the value range of

fachMeasOccaCycLenCoeff is truncated. Values 5-12 is interpreted as 4 when data is

scheduled on FACH and/or HS-DSCH.

Note 2: For the UE to apply HCS rules in Connected Mode the corresponding parameter for

Idle Mode (hcsUsage.idleMode ) must also be set to TRUE.

Note 3: Support for values below -115 dB is introduced with the optional feature Increased

Downlink Coverage.

Recommended setting of the parameters listed in the table above can be found in

Reference [18].

Reference List





sib7ExpirationTimeFactor 1 1, 2, 4, 8, ...,

256

-

updateCellReattsNo 5 0..10 1

[1] Battery Efficiency for High Speed FACH, 138/1553-HSD 101 02

[2] Call Re-establishment, 73/1553-HSD 101 02

[3] Connection Handling, 4/1553-HSD 101 02

[4] Channel Switching, 82/1553-HSD 101 02

[5] Enhanced Uplink for FACH, 136/1553-HSD 101 02

[6] Frequency Priority at Connection Release, 114/1553-HSD 101 02

[7] Release with Redirect to LTE, 128/1553-HSD 101 02

[8] Glossary of Terms and Acronyms, 1/0033-HSD 101 02

[9] Handover, 76/1553-HSD 101 02

[10] High Speed Downlink for FACH, 139/1553-HSD 101 02

[11] Inter-Radio Access Technology, 10/100 56-HSD 101 02

[12] LA, RA and URA Planning, 2/100 56-HSD 101 02

[13] Licenses and Hardware Activation Codes, 90/1553-HSD 101 02

[14] MBMS, 117/1553-HSD 101 02

[15] Multiband Operation, 109/1553-HSD 101 02

[16] Network Robustness and Network Load Regulation, 332/1553-HSD 101 02

[17] Power Control, 80/1553-HSD 101 02

[18] Radio Network Parameters, 86/1553-HSD 101 02

[19] RIM Support for System Information Transfer to LTE, 85/1553-HSD 101 02

[20] User Description, GSM-UMTS-LTE Cell Reselection and Handover, 293/1553-HSC 103

12/15 for W11B, 340/1553-HSC 103 12 for W12 and later releases

[21] Technical Specification, NAS Functions related to Mobile Station (MS) in Idle Mode,

3GPP TS 23.122

[22] UE Procedures in Idle Mode and Procedures for Cell Reselection in Connected Mode,

3GPP TS 25.304

[23] Radio Resource Control (RRC) Protocol Specification, 3GPP TS 25.331

[24] General Packet Radio Service (GPRS); Base Station System (BSS) - Serving GPRS

Support Node (SGSN); BSS GPRS protocol (BSSGP) (Release 9) 3GPP TS 48.018

[25] Base Station (BS) radio transmission and reception (FDD) 3GPP 25.104



[26] Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Base Station (BS) radio

transmission and reception, 3GPP 36.104



idle mode and common channel behavior__wcdma ran

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