imperialism: the political expansion of a more powerful country which takes control away from the...
TRANSCRIPT
IMPERIALISM:
THE POLITICAL EXPANSION OF A MORE POWERFUL COUNTRY WHICH TAKES CONTROL AWAY FROM THE GOVERNMENT OF A LESS POWERFUL COUNTRY.
MERCANTILISM
THE ECONOMIC PRACTICE OF A MORE POWERFUL COUNTRY TAKING THE RESOURCES OF A LESS POWERFUL COUNTRY TO ENRICH ITSELF.
THE POWERFUL COUNTRY ALSO ESTABLISHES OR EXPANDS ITS MARKETS IN THE LESS POWERFUL COUNTRY (TO SELL STUFF THERE).
COLONIALISM
THE PRACTICE OF A MORE POWERFUL COUNTRY ESTABLISHING SETTLEMENTS OR COMMUNITIES IN A LESS POWERFUL COUNTRY (OCCUPATION).
NATIONALISM
A FEELING OF CONNECTEDNESS AMONG THE CITIZENS OF A COUNTRY.
IT GROWS, STRENGTHENS, AND OPPOSES THE INVADERS IN RESPONSE TO IMPERIALISM, MERCANTILISM, AND COLONIALISM.
Why imperialize?
Raw materials New markets for
products Economic advantages Political power
worldwide Feeling of cultural
superiority and desire to spread own ideas
Keeping up with other superpowers
Why NOT imperialize?
Costs money to defend colonies
Could lead us into wars Native people hate us Goes against our
Constitution
Josiah Strong: we need new Josiah Strong: we need new places to expand—let’s look places to expand—let’s look
overseas!overseas!
Alfred T. Mahan: we need naval Alfred T. Mahan: we need naval bases!bases!
Spanish-American War, aka Spanish-American War, aka “the splendid little war,” 1898“the splendid little war,” 1898
America vs. Spain...WHY?America vs. Spain...WHY?
Sinking of the Sinking of the Maine Maine blamed on Spainblamed on Spain
Letter by Spanish minister Letter by Spanish minister De Lome criticizing our De Lome criticizing our
PresidentPresident
Yellow journalism: Hearst, Pulitzer
Concentration camps set up by Concentration camps set up by General Valeriano Weyler in Cuba General Valeriano Weyler in Cuba by Spainby Spain
Poetry of Jose Marti, from CubaPoetry of Jose Marti, from Cuba
Fighting in Cuba (San Juan Hill)Fighting in Cuba (San Juan Hill)Roosevelt’s Rough RidersRoosevelt’s Rough Riders
Philippines (Manila Bay) Philippines (Manila Bay) under Deweyunder Dewey
Fighting also took place Fighting also took place in Puerto Ricoin Puerto Rico
When war ends:
• Spain loses badly• Cuba gains
independence from Spain
• US acquires Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines (for $20 million)
US RELATIONS WITH SIX NATIONS
HAWAII
Important information
Good soil
Along key trade routes
Hawaiian sugar exempt from tariffs in exchange for Pearl Harbor base
Bayonet Constitution
American sugar plantation owners help overthrow Queen Liliuokalani
Independent under Sanford Dole 1894-98; then annexed to US; 50th state in 1959
CHINACHINA
Important information about Important information about ChinaChina
China opened 5 ports in 1843, tried to China opened 5 ports in 1843, tried to keep most foreigners outkeep most foreigners out
Attacked by JapanAttacked by Japan West took advantage and created spheres West took advantage and created spheres
of influence (Britain, France, Germany, of influence (Britain, France, Germany, Russia)Russia)
US suggests Open Door policy to get equal US suggests Open Door policy to get equal access to Chinaaccess to China
Boxer Rebellion in 1900 against foreignersBoxer Rebellion in 1900 against foreigners
Important information about Important information about JapanJapan
Becomes imperialist, modeled on Becomes imperialist, modeled on Western countriesWestern countries
1904—Russo-Japanese War1904—Russo-Japanese War Teddy Roosevelt got Nobel Peace Teddy Roosevelt got Nobel Peace
Prize for negotiating a peace treatyPrize for negotiating a peace treaty Great white fleet from USGreat white fleet from US
CUBACUBA
Important informationImportant information Cuba trying to get independence from Cuba trying to get independence from
Spain since 1868Spain since 1868 Spanish-American War--independenceSpanish-American War--independence Teller AmendmentTeller Amendment stated US would not stated US would not
interfere with Cuba’s government after interfere with Cuba’s government after independenceindependence
Platt AmendmentPlatt Amendment removed US troops from removed US troops from Cuba but reserved the right for US to Cuba but reserved the right for US to intervene in Cuban affairs; protectorateintervene in Cuban affairs; protectorate
Guantanamo BayGuantanamo Bay Today, Cuba is communist; embargoToday, Cuba is communist; embargo
PUERTO RICOPUERTO RICO
Important informationImportant information
US got Puerto Rico as part of the deal at end of US got Puerto Rico as part of the deal at end of Spanish-American WarSpanish-American War
Foraker Act, 1900—governor and upper house Foraker Act, 1900—governor and upper house appointed by US, lower house by people of PRappointed by US, lower house by people of PR
Jones Act, 1917—US citizenship, right for PR Jones Act, 1917—US citizenship, right for PR to elect both housesto elect both houses
Since 1952, a self-governing commonwealthSince 1952, a self-governing commonwealth
PhilippinesPhilippines
Important informationImportant information Bought by US for $20 million at end of Bought by US for $20 million at end of
Spanish-American WarSpanish-American War Huge debate over annexationHuge debate over annexation Three-year war against the US led by Emilio Three-year war against the US led by Emilio
Aguinaldo; several hundred thousand Aguinaldo; several hundred thousand Filipinos and over 4000 Americans diedFilipinos and over 4000 Americans died
Philippine Government Act, 1902—governor Philippine Government Act, 1902—governor and upper house appointed by USand upper house appointed by US
Jones Act, 1916—right for Filipinos to elect Jones Act, 1916—right for Filipinos to elect both housesboth houses
July 4, 1946--independenceJuly 4, 1946--independence
PANAMAPANAMA
Important informationImportant information
Trying to shorten distance between oceansTrying to shorten distance between oceans 1880s, France tries to build canal across Isthmus of 1880s, France tries to build canal across Isthmus of
PanamaPanama 1901—US offers Colombia $10 million and yearly rental of 1901—US offers Colombia $10 million and yearly rental of
$250,000; Colombia wants more$250,000; Colombia wants more US helps Panama declare independence from ColombiaUS helps Panama declare independence from Colombia Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty—US gets control over 10-mile-Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty—US gets control over 10-mile-
wide canal zonewide canal zone Dr. Gorgas identifies mosquito as carrier of malaria, Dr. Gorgas identifies mosquito as carrier of malaria,
eliminates standing water eliminates standing water Control over canal went to Panama in 2000Control over canal went to Panama in 2000
IMPERIALISM—GOOD OR BAD?