improve user experience on mobile devices klotski ... · mobile web continues to be a pain point...
TRANSCRIPT
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Klotski: Reprioritizing Web Content to Improve User Experience on Mobile Devices
Michael Butkiewicz♔, Daimeng Wang♔,Zhe Wu♖, Harsha V. Madhyastha♖, Vyas Sekar♘
♔ UC Riverside ♖ University of Michigan ♘ CMU
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Motivation: Slow Mobile Web
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Motivation: Slow Mobile Web
0.5
2.5sec
7.5sec
12sec
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Motivation: Slow Mobile Web
Slow page loads → Less users, Lost business
0.5
2.5sec
7.5sec
12sec
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Wide Range of Existing Solutions
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Wide Range of Existing Solutions
Compression
Caching
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Mobile format web pages
Wide Range of Existing Solutions
Compression
SPDY Caching
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Mobile format web pages
Wide Range of Existing Solutions
Compression
SPDY Caching
Faster Networks Better web
browsers
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Mobile format web pages
Wide Range of Existing Solutions
Compression
SPDY Caching
Faster Networks Better web
browsers
Common Focus: Reduce Page Load Times
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Reducing Load Time is Not Enough
Rising Website Complexity
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Rising Website Complexity Falling User Tolerance
Reducing Load Time is Not Enough
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Our Approach: Dynamic Reprioritization
● Forseeable Future: High load times norm, not exception
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Our Approach: Dynamic Reprioritization
● Forseeable Future: High load times norm, not exception
● Reformulate the problem:
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Our Approach: Dynamic Reprioritization
● Forseeable Future: High load times norm, not exception
● Reformulate the problem:
How to reduce page load time?
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Our Approach: Dynamic Reprioritization
● Forseeable Future: High load times norm, not exception
● Reformulate the problem:
How to reduce page load time?
How to Prioritize the content most important to user?
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Our Approach: Dynamic Reprioritization
● Forseeable Future: High load times norm, not exception
● Reformulate the problem:
How to reduce page load time?
How to Prioritize the content most important to user?
○ Typical tolerance limit of 2-4 seconds
○ Deliver “high utility” resources within time budget
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Our Approach: Dynamic Reprioritization
● Forseeable Future: High load times norm, not exception
● Reformulate the problem:
How to reduce page load time?
How to Prioritize the content most important to user?
○ Typical tolerance limit of 2-4 seconds
○ Deliver “high utility” resources within time budget
● Our solution: Klotski proxy
○ No modifications to clients and web servers!
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Klotski in Action!Original Page Load at 3s Klotski Page Load at 3s
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Klotski: Idealized View
KlotskiProxy
Web Server
Webpage Resource
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Klotski: Idealized View
KlotskiProxy
Web Server
Webpage Resource
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Klotski: Idealized View
KlotskiProxy
High Priority Resource
Low Priority Resource
Web Server
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Klotski: Idealized View
KlotskiProxy
High Priority Resource
Low Priority Resource
Web Server
time budget
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Challenges with Idealized View
KlotskiProxy
High Priority Resource
Low Priority Resource
Web Server
time budget
C1: Dynamic content + dependencies
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Challenges with Idealized View
KlotskiProxy
High Priority Resource
Low Priority Resource
Web Server
C1: Dynamic content + dependenciesC2: Fast selection of subset to prioritize
time budget
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Challenges with Idealized View
KlotskiProxy
High Priority Resource
Low Priority Resource
Web Server
C1: Dynamic content + dependenciesC2: Fast selection of subset to prioritizeC3: How long will a subset take?
time budget
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Image
Challenge 1:Dynamic Content and Dependencies
KlotskiProxy
Robust Dependency Knowledge
High Priority Resource
Low Priority Resource
Web Server
AJavascript
Arequires
A
time budget
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Dependency DAG
HTML
CSS IMAGE 1SCRIPT
IMAGE 2 IMAGE 3
Intuition: Page structure is stable● Prior work on static dependencies
○ E.g., WebProphet, WProf
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Dependency DAG
HTML
CSS IMAGE 1SCRIPT
IMAGE 2 IMAGE 3
● Prior work on static dependencies○ E.g., WebProphet, WProf
● Problem: Dependencies not reusable due to dynamic content
Intuition: Page structure is stable
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Dependency DAG
HTML
CSS IMAGE 1SCRIPT
IMAGE 2 IMAGE 3
● Prior work on static dependencies○ E.g., WebProphet, WProf
● Problem: Dependencies not reusable due to dynamic content
● Our observation:○ Nodes in DAG change○ DAG structure largely stable
Intuition: Page structure is stable
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Intuition: Page structure is stable
Dependency DAG
HTML
CSS IMAGE 1SCRIPT
IMAGE 2 IMAGE 3
● Prior work on static dependencies○ E.g., WebProphet, WProf
● Problem: Dependencies not reusable due to dynamic content
● Our observation:○ Nodes in DAG change○ DAG structure largely stable
Load page repeatedly to generate fingerprint:● DAG structure with a URL pattern at every node● Pattern generalizes URL of dynamic resources
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Learn URL Patterns● Generalize known prior URLs of a dynamic resource
foo.com/SG39HZ78/a.js foo.com/SHFS2732/a.js → foo.com/*/a.js
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Learn URL Patterns● Generalize known prior URLs of a dynamic resource
● 3 Cases = 90% of Replacements:○ Single token in URL changes○ Only URL argument changes: www.site.org/a.js?FOO=1...○ CDN node name: {CDN2.bar.com/x.jpg, CDN5.bar.com/x.jpg}
foo.com/SG39HZ78/a.js foo.com/SHFS2732/a.js → foo.com/*/a.js
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Identify Resource Replacements
● Capture set of prior URLs:Track Replacement of Resourceover multiple page loads
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Identify Resource Replacements
R1 R2● Capture set of prior URLs:
Track Replacement of Resourceover multiple page loads
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Identify Resource Replacements
R1 R2
● Combination of techniques:○ Match position in DAG
dependency structure○ Identical position on screen○ Identical reference in source
● Capture set of prior URLs:Track Replacement of Resourceover multiple page loads
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Challenge 2:Optimal Prioritization Schedule
KlotskiProxy
Which subset to prioritize and how?
High Priority Resource
Low Priority Resource
Web Server
time budget
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Select Subset of High Utility Resources
Dependencystructure infingerprint
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Select Subset of High Utility Resources
Dependencystructure infingerprint
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Select Subset of High Utility Resources
Dependencystructure infingerprint
DAG Cut
● Reduces to knapsack with dependencies: NP-Hard
● Apply greedy heuristic
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Prioritizing High-Utility Resources
● Static URLs: Use SPDY PUSH to pre-emptively deliver
as soon as main HTML is requested
● Dynamic URLs: Prioritize delivery if match with regular
expression of a selected resource
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Challenge 3:Estimating Load Times in the “Wild”
KlotskiProxy
Will subset load within budget?
High Priority Resource
Low Priority Resource
Web Server
time budget
X
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Seemingly Natural Non-Solutions
KlotskiProxy
High Priority Resource
Low Priority Resource
Web Server
time budget
Model: bytes, #requests, ..?Use Apriori Load Times?
Model: Too simplistic to capture browser effectsApriori Loads: No longer valid with reprioritizationCannot capture diversity in client conditions
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Intuition Behind Klotski Estimator
Bottleneck = Client-Proxy Link (e.g, 4G)
KlotskiProxy
Web Server
time budget
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Intuition Behind Klotski Estimator
KlotskiProxy
Web Server
time budget
Build Fluid Model Simulation● Proxy as work conserving scheduler● Priorities/Dependencies, fairly shared bw for concurrent transfers● Some subtle issues: PUSH, client processing delays
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Klotski: System Architecture
Clients
Klotski Service
Web Servers
Fingerprint Generator
Load Time Estimator
Resource Selection
BackEnd FrontEnd
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Klotski: Experimental Results
Data Set
Websites● 50 Random From Alexa Top 200
Mobile Device● Android Smartphone● 4G Connection● Google Chrome
Paper Only Results● Desktop PC + Ethernet● Smartphone + Full Website● User study on utility preferences● Resource churn over time
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Klotski Improves User Experience
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Klotski Improves User Experience
Within the first X seconds
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Klotski Improves User Experience
% of site's high util resources loaded
Within the first X seconds
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Klotski Improves User Experience
50 Websites
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Klotski Improves User Experience
75%
25%
50 Websites
50%
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Klotski Improves User Experience
Median site25% ATF in 2 secs
0.25
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Klotski Improves User Experience
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Klotski Improves User Experience
35% utility gain
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Klotski Improves User Experience
2x Util25% ➙ 60%
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High Utility Gain For Diverse Users
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High Utility Gain For Diverse Users
User Preferences
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High Utility Gain For Diverse Users
User Preferences
Utility Gainedat 2 Seconds
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High Utility Gain For Diverse Users
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Conclusions● Mobile web continues to be a pain point
○ Focus on load time alone is likely insufficient
● Instead we focus on dynamic reprioritization
● Key challenges we address:
○ dynamic dependency representation
○ fast resource selection
○ load time estimation
● Klotski greatly improves user experience
○ for diverse preferences