T R A N S I T O R I E N T E D D E V E L O P M E N T P R O G R A M

IN THE PORTLAND METRO REGION

TRANSIT ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT

Presented by: Megan Gibb

T R A N S I T O R I E N T E D D E V E L O P M E N T P R O G R A M

M E T R O P L A N N I N G D E P A R T M E N T

What is Metro

• Directly elected regional government • Serves more than 1.4 million residents in Clackamas,

Multnomah and Washington counties, and the 25 cities in the Portland, Oregon, metropolitan area.

• The Metro Council includes a council president elected region wide and six councilors elected by district.

T R A N S I T O R I E N T E D D E V E L O P M E N T P R O G R A M

M E T R O P L A N N I N G D E P A R T M E N T

What is Metro?

• Preservation of natural areas• Waste disposal planning and management• The Oregon Zoo, venues for conventions,

exhibits, and performing arts.

•Land Use Planning •Transportation planning (MPO)

T R A N S I T O R I E N T E D D E V E L O P M E N T P R O G R A M

M E T R O P L A N N I N G D E P A R T M E N T

2040 Framework Plan• Adopted in 1995, regional agreement• “Growing up, not out”• Targets growth to centers, corridors, and

station areas to protect valuable farmland outside Urban Growth Boundary

T R A N S I T O R I E N T E D D E V E L O P M E N T P R O G R A M

T R A N S I T O R I E N T E D D E V E L O P M E N T P R O G R A M

Centers and main streets

T R A N S I T O R I E N T E D D E V E L O P M E N T P R O G R A M

Farms and forests

T R A N S I T O R I E N T E D D E V E L O P M E N T P R O G R A M

The Urban Growth Boundary(fondly known as the UGB)

T R A N S I T O R I E N T E D D E V E L O P M E N T P R O G R A M

“There are two things Oregonians

hate…. sprawl..

Former AND recently re-elected Oregon Governor John Kitzhaber

..and density.”

“D” Word

T R A N S I T O R I E N T E D D E V E L O P M E N T P R O G R A M

Charting a Different Path• City suffered from urban

disinvestment in the 70’s much like cities around the nation

• The City and region made bold choices to invest transportation $$in a manner that has created vibrant, liveable communities

M E T R O P L A N N I N G D E P A R T M E N T

T R A N S I T O R I E N T E D D E V E L O P M E N T P R O G R A M

M E T R O P L A N N I N G D E P A R T M E N T

History of Bucking Convention• 1973 Oregon Land Use

Laws –enables Urban Growth Boundary

• 1976 Mt. Hood Freeway –canceled highway project and built first light rail line with the $

•1979 Metro Council elected (first in nation)

•Legacy of public/private partnerships – civic minded developers in partnership with government to create a desirable community

T R A N S I T O R I E N T E D D E V E L O P M E N T P R O G R A M

Mt. Hood Freeway to MAX line

M E T R O P L A N N I N G D E P A R T M E N T

T R A N S I T O R I E N T E D D E V E L O P M E N T P R O G R A M

Eastbank Esplanade

M E T R O P L A N N I N G D E P A R T M E N T

T R A N S I T O R I E N T E D D E V E L O P M E N T P R O G R A M

Harbor Drive to Waterfront Park

M E T R O P L A N N I N G D E P A R T M E N T

T R A N S I T O R I E N T E D D E V E L O P M E N T P R O G R A M

The Pearl District…•The quintessential The quintessential love child of the public/private partnership.

ve child of the public/private partnership.

T R A N S I T O R I E N T E D D E V E L O P M E N T P R O G R A M

• Between 1997 and 2005 over $2.8 billion in private investment within 3 blocks of the streetcar

The Pearl District…

• Over 7200 residential units built• More than 4.6 million sq. ft. commercial

T R A N S I T O R I E N T E D D E V E L O P M E N T P R O G R A M

Portland’s “Green Dividend” Portland area residents travel

20% fewer miles every day $1.1 billion saved in

transportation costs $1.5 billion saved in time

(100 million hours less) $2.6 billion total - $$ freed

up to support local economy Five times faster in-

migration of 25-34 year olds than nation as a whole

T R A N S I T O R I E N T E D D E V E L O P M E N T P R O G R A M

Transit Choices

50 miles Light Rail, 7.3 miles planned 93 Bus lines, (16 frequent Bus service)

4 miles Streetcar, 8 miles planned 14.7 miles Commuter Rail

T R A N S I T O R I E N T E D D E V E L O P M E N T P R O G R A M

M E T R O P L A N N I N G D E P A R T M E N T

TOD Program Overview

The purpose of Metro’s TOD and Centers Program is to create public-private partnerships that produce transit oriented development projects and vibrant, compact urban centers in order to increase travel by transit, walking and biking.

T R A N S I T O R I E N T E D D E V E L O P M E N T P R O G R A M

M E T R O P L A N N I N G D E P A R T M E N T

TOD Program Strategies

• Create market comparables for higher density buildings near transit and centers

• Develop developers with expertise in higher-density mixed-use buildings in suburban settings

• Increase acceptance of urban style buildings through high quality design

• Carry out place making and contribute to local identity

T R A N S I T O R I E N T E D D E V E L O P M E N T P R O G R A M

M E T R O P L A N N I N G D E P A R T M E N T

Transit-Oriented DevelopmentTOD projects have three fundamental characteristics that enhance transit ridership:

A mix of moderate to high intensity land uses;A physical or functional connection to the transit system;Design features that reinforce pedestrian relationships and scale—a walkable environment.

T R A N S I T O R I E N T E D D E V E L O P M E N T P R O G R A M

M E T R O P L A N N I N G D E P A R T M E N T

Transit-Oriented Development

• Cost premiums associated with higher density mixed use are:- structured parking- elevator- separation of uses- building material- thicker footings- complex fire systems

T R A N S I T O R I E N T E D D E V E L O P M E N T P R O G R A M

M E T R O P L A N N I N G D E P A R T M E N T

Transit-Oriented DevelopmentPublic Investments to Help Offset Added Costs of

Mixed Use Higher Density Projects

• •TOD Easements and land write-downs• Funding to offset “cost premiums”• Capitalized value of increased transit ridership used as threshold test of investment• Providing educational services as well as funds

T R A N S I T O R I E N T E D D E V E L O P M E N T P R O G R A M

M E T R O P L A N N I N G D E P A R T M E N T

Why?• Mixed use and higher density best for transit use

and walk/bike trips• Market forces don’t

produce this productin suburban locations

• TOD effective for reducing GHG emissions• Leverage transit investments

T R A N S I T O R I E N T E D D E V E L O P M E N T P R O G R A M

M E T R O P L A N N I N G D E P A R T M E N T

How Are We Funded?• Grant program – have to

apply every other year• Regional flexible

transportation funds are “switched” with local funds

• Currently about $2.5 million a year for capital expenditures and program staff (5)

• Grossly underfunded

T R A N S I T O R I E N T E D D E V E L O P M E N T P R O G R A M

M E T R O P L A N N I N G D E P A R T M E N T

How Does it Work?1. Cost Premium Analysis (project must have cost premiums)

2. Capitalized Farebox Revenue (must have delta, daily transit fare x 30 years = capitalized farebox revenue – enhances overall system effectiveness by bringing users to the system) TOD Steering Committee – shifting to VMT reduction model

3. 7 day notice to Metro Council (de-politicizes funding decisions)

4. Development Agreement• Preconstruction performance prior to transfer of deed or release of

funds• Approval of preliminary plans• Approval of construction drawings• Proof of permit• Construction bid• Proof of equity capital and mortgage financing (you have a project!)

T R A N S I T O R I E N T E D D E V E L O P M E N T P R O G R A M

M E T R O P L A N N I N G D E P A R T M E N T

Example ProjectsThe Rocket – Central City Portland

4 stories16,037 ft² Mixed Use Commercial Restaurants & creative officePending LEED Platinum No ParkingTOD Funding: $275,000

T R A N S I T O R I E N T E D D E V E L O P M E N T P R O G R A M

M E T R O P L A N N I N G D E P A R T M E N T

4 stories64 workforce rentals33 condominiums, townhomes8,000 ft² ground floor retailTOD Funding: $550,000

Example ProjectsNorth Main Village – City of Milwaukie

T R A N S I T O R I E N T E D D E V E L O P M E N T P R O G R A M

Example ProjectsProjectsPrivate student dorm for PSU16 stories283 apartments (1000 beds)15,000 sq. ft. commercialNo parkingTOD funding $500,000Currently under construction

Private student dorm for PSU16 stories283 apartments (1000 beds)15,000 sq. ft. commercialNo parkingTOD funding $500,000Currently under construction

College Station - Portland

T R A N S I T O R I E N T E D D E V E L O P M E N T P R O G R A M

M E T R O P L A N N I N G D E P A R T M E N T

Urban Living Infrastructure

This is your dining room

New program which invests in urban amenities (groceries, cafés, restaurants, brew ‘n views, etc.) which enhance urban living to complement existing TOD program activities

T R A N S I T O R I E N T E D D E V E L O P M E N T P R O G R A M

M E T R O P L A N N I N G D E P A R T M E N T

Program Results to Date

• 23 projects (built or under construction)

•2,500 Housing Units (80% affordable and workforce)

• 500,000+ annual induced transit trips• $350 m in private investment

• 270,000 sq. ft. Retail/Office

• 322 Acres protected (if developed conventionally)

•Over 100 tons of reduced GHG’s

32

T R A N S I T O R I E N T E D D E V E L O P M E N T P R O G R A M

Challenges

• Moving market vs. “shoving”

• Recession and lending environment

• Local capacity to undertake PPP’s

• Regulatory outlook vs. proactive approach

• Development codes• Local/regional conflicts

T R A N S I T O R I E N T E D D E V E L O P M E N T P R O G R A M

Lessons Learned• Need development oriented transit alignments to fully

leverage the land use• Need to enhance existing system• Not all stations areas will be mixed use; need for corridor

wide planning• Make communities “earn” transit• Support transit with other investments ($.5 for every $1)

• Engage the private sector

T R A N S I T O R I E N T E D D E V E L O P M E N T P R O G R A M

Why a Strategic Plan?

• Expanding system = expanding eligibility

• Differentiate areas by measuring TOD readiness

• Target TOD investments by type, location, and timing

T R A N S I T O R I E N T E D D E V E L O P M E N T P R O G R A M

Building a Typology

• Market Strength: real estate transactions (residential sales per sq foot) demonstrates achievable development types

+• Urban Form + Activity (TOD Score):

composite index of key factors related to transit use

– residents + employees per acre– transit frequency– average block size– urban living infrastructure– access to bikeways & sidewalks

T R A N S I T O R I E N T E D D E V E L O P M E N T P R O G R A M

people

performance ped/bikeconnectivity

placesphysical formPotential

(market)

Measuring TOD readiness (P’s)

T R A N S I T O R I E N T E D D E V E L O P M E N T P R O G R A M

Transit Orientation Score

TOD Station Community Typology

38 GreenInterstateAirportWestsideEastside

39

T R A N S I T O R I E N T E D D E V E L O P M E N T P R O G R A M

Questions?

Megan.gibb@oregonmetro.gov

T R A N S I T O R I E N T E D D E V E L O P M E N T P R O G R A M

dollars

distancedestinations

distinction

demographics

density

diversity design

Traditional D’s of TOD

T R A N S I T O R I E N T E D D E V E L O P M E N T P R O G R A M

people

T R A N S I T O R I E N T E D D E V E L O P M E N T P R O G R A M

places

T R A N S I T O R I E N T E D D E V E L O P M E N T P R O G R A M

ped/bikeconnectivity

T R A N S I T O R I E N T E D D E V E L O P M E N T P R O G R A M

performance

T R A N S I T O R I E N T E D D E V E L O P M E N T P R O G R A M

physical form

T R A N S I T O R I E N T E D D E V E L O P M E N T P R O G R A M

Transit Orientation Score

GreenInterstateAirportWestsideEastside Milwaukie

Station Community Typology

T R A N S I T O R I E N T E D D E V E L O P M E N T P R O G R A M

T R A N S I T O R I E N T E D D E V E L O P M E N T P R O G R A M

T R A N S I T O R I E N T E D D E V E L O P M E N T P R O G R A M

T R A N S I T O R I E N T E D D E V E L O P M E N T P R O G R A M

T R A N S I T O R I E N T E D D E V E L O P M E N T P R O G R A M

Investing in Alternative Modes

M E T R O P L A N N I N G D E P A R T M E N T

Other examples:-Tearing out Harbor Drive for a waterfront park-Tearing down the Lovejoy highway ramps inthe Pearl District-Eastbank Esplanade-Streetcar investments-Bike Boulevards-List goes on…but we could be even bolder