Upload File

#include using namespace std; // declare a function. void check(int, double, double); int main() {...

  • Home
  • Documents
  • #include using namespace std; // Declare a function. void check(int, double, double); int main() { check(1, 2.3, 4.56); check(7, 8.9, 10.11); } void check(int
32
#include <iostream> using namespace std; // Declare a function. void check(int, double, double); int main() { check(1, 2.3, 4.56); check(7, 8.9, 10.11); } void check(int num1, double num2, double num3) { cout << "\n---------------------------------\n"; cout << "The value of num1 is " << num1 << endl; cout << "The value of num2 is " << num2 << endl; cout << "The value of num3 is " << num3 << endl; } C++ Function

Upload: lucy-sherman

Post on 17-Jan-2016

229 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

Report

Tags:

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: #include using namespace std; // Declare a function. void check(int, double, double); int main() { check(1, 2.3, 4.56); check(7, 8.9, 10.11); } void check(int

#include <iostream>using namespace std;

// Declare a function.void check(int, double, double);

int main(){ check(1, 2.3, 4.56); check(7, 8.9, 10.11);}

void check(int num1, double num2, double num3){ cout << "\n---------------------------------\n"; cout << "The value of num1 is " << num1 << endl; cout << "The value of num2 is " << num2 << endl; cout << "The value of num3 is " << num3 << endl;}

C++ Function

Page 2: #include using namespace std; // Declare a function. void check(int, double, double); int main() { check(1, 2.3, 4.56); check(7, 8.9, 10.11); } void check(int

Lab Ex.Lab Ex.

• Write a function to show the larger of 2 integers.

• Write the main program for it.

• Compile and run it.

Page 3: #include using namespace std; // Declare a function. void check(int, double, double); int main() { check(1, 2.3, 4.56); check(7, 8.9, 10.11); } void check(int

#include <iostream>using namespace std;double findMax(double, double);

int main(){ double firstnum, secnum, max;

cout << "\nEnter a number: "; cin >> firstnum; cout << "Great! Please enter a second number: "; cin >> secnum;

max = findMax(firstnum, secnum); cout << "\nThe maximum of these two values is " << max << endl; }

double findMax(double x, double y){ double maxnum; if (x > y) maxnum = x; else maxnum = y; return maxnum; }

Write a program to find the smallest of 3 numbers. Use findMin as a subroutine function. findMin takes 2 inputs.

Page 4: #include using namespace std; // Declare a function. void check(int, double, double); int main() { check(1, 2.3, 4.56); check(7, 8.9, 10.11); } void check(int

Lab Ex.Lab Ex.

• Write a program to find the smallest of 3 numbers. Use findMin as a subroutine function.

• Send solutions

• To: [email protected]

• Subject: 32110236, Lab #10b, CS125, 2013

• Attach 2 files to your email1. C++ program in text file

2. Output of your test runs as a image file.

Page 5: #include using namespace std; // Declare a function. void check(int, double, double); int main() { check(1, 2.3, 4.56); check(7, 8.9, 10.11); } void check(int

Lab Ex.Lab Ex.

• Write a program to find the smallest of 3 numbers. Use findMin as a subroutine function.

• Send program and outputs

• To: [email protected]

• Subject: 32110236, Lab #10b, CS125, 2013

Page 6: #include using namespace std; // Declare a function. void check(int, double, double); int main() { check(1, 2.3, 4.56); check(7, 8.9, 10.11); } void check(int

Default Arguments

• Example: Function prototype with default argumentsvoid example(int, int = 5, double = 6.78)

• Sample valid calls to the example functionexample(7, 2, 9.3) // no defaults used

example(7, 2) // same as example(7, 2, 6.78)

example(7) // same as example(7, 5, 6.78)

Page 7: #include using namespace std; // Declare a function. void check(int, double, double); int main() { check(1, 2.3, 4.56); check(7, 8.9, 10.11); } void check(int

Reusing Function Names: Overloading• Which of the functions is called depends on the

argument type supplied at the time of the call.

Page 8: #include using namespace std; // Declare a function. void check(int, double, double); int main() { check(1, 2.3, 4.56); check(7, 8.9, 10.11); } void check(int

FunctionFunctionTemplateTemplate

#include <iostream>using namespace std;

template <class T> // programmer-defined class (data type) T maximum(T value1, T value2, T value3) { T max;

if(value1 > value2) { if(value1 > value3) max = value1; else max = value3; } else if(value2 > value3) max = value2; 5, 2013.4.16 else max = value3; return max;}

int main() { int num1 = 9; int num2 = 5; int num3 = 4; float num4 = -11.2; float num5 = 8.2; float num6 = 1.2;

cout << "The max among " << num1 << " " << num2 << " " << num3 << " is: " << maximum(num1, num2, num3) << endl; cout << "The max among " << num4 << " "<< num5 << " " << num6

<< " is: " << maximum(num4, num5, num6) << endl;}

• To: [email protected]• Subject: 32110236, CS125, 2013.4.16

Page 9: #include using namespace std; // Declare a function. void check(int, double, double); int main() { check(1, 2.3, 4.56); check(7, 8.9, 10.11); } void check(int

Function Templates

• Function template: Single complete function that serves as a model for a family of functions– Function from the family that is actually created

depends on the specific function call• Generalize the writing of functions that perform

essentially the same operation, but on different parameter data types

• Make it possible to write a general function that handles all cases but where the compiler can set parameters, variables, and even return type based on the actual function call

Page 10: #include using namespace std; // Declare a function. void check(int, double, double); int main() { check(1, 2.3, 4.56); check(7, 8.9, 10.11); } void check(int

Lab ex.Lab ex.

• P. 324, ex. 8

• Send solutions

• To: [email protected]

• Subject: 32110236, CS125, 2013.4.16

Page 11: #include using namespace std; // Declare a function. void check(int, double, double); int main() { check(1, 2.3, 4.56); check(7, 8.9, 10.11); } void check(int

Inline Functions

Page 12: #include using namespace std; // Declare a function. void check(int, double, double); int main() { check(1, 2.3, 4.56); check(7, 8.9, 10.11); } void check(int

Inline Functions

• Calling a function places a certain amount of overhead on a computer– Placing argument values in a reserved memory

region (called the stack) that the function has access to

– Passing control to the function– Providing a reserved memory location for any

returned value (again, using the stack for this purpose

– Returning to the correct point in the calling program

Page 13: #include using namespace std; // Declare a function. void check(int, double, double); int main() { check(1, 2.3, 4.56); check(7, 8.9, 10.11); } void check(int

Inline Functions (continued)

• Paying overhead associated with calling a function is justified when a function is called many times• Can reduce a program’s size substantially

• For small functions that are not called many times, overhead of passing and returning values might not be warranted

• Inline functions:– Group repeating lines of code together under a

common function name– Have the compiler place this code in the

program wherever the function is called

Page 14: #include using namespace std; // Declare a function. void check(int, double, double); int main() { check(1, 2.3, 4.56); check(7, 8.9, 10.11); } void check(int

Inline Functions (continued)

• Advantage: Increase in execution speed– Because the inline function is expanded and

included in every expression or statement calling it, no execution time is lost because of the call and return overhead a non-inline function requires

• Each time an inline function is referenced the complete code is reproduced and stored as an integral part of the program

• A non-inline function is stored in memory only once• Inline functions should be used only for small

functions that aren’t called extensively in a program

Page 15: #include using namespace std; // Declare a function. void check(int, double, double); int main() { check(1, 2.3, 4.56); check(7, 8.9, 10.11); } void check(int

Passing Reference Parameters

input, input, input, output, output, parameters

3 inputs, pass by value 2 outputs, pass by reference

Page 16: #include using namespace std; // Declare a function. void check(int, double, double); int main() { check(1, 2.3, 4.56); check(7, 8.9, 10.11); } void check(int

Figure 6.8 The relationship between argument and parameter names

Passing and Using Reference Parameters (continued)

Page 17: #include using namespace std; // Declare a function. void check(int, double, double); int main() { check(1, 2.3, 4.56); check(7, 8.9, 10.11); } void check(int

Lab Ex.Lab Ex.

• P. 346, Ex. 2

• 62 seconds is 1 minute 2 seconds

• Send solution

• To: [email protected]

• Subject: 32110236, CS125, 2013.4.17

Page 18: #include using namespace std; // Declare a function. void check(int, double, double); int main() { check(1, 2.3, 4.56); check(7, 8.9, 10.11); } void check(int

Variable Scope

Figure 6.14 A function can be considered a closed box

• A function can be thought of as a closed box, with slots at the top to receive values and a single slot at the bottom to return a value

Page 19: #include using namespace std; // Declare a function. void check(int, double, double); int main() { check(1, 2.3, 4.56); check(7, 8.9, 10.11); } void check(int

Variable Scope (continued)• Local variables: Variables created in a function

that are available only to the function • Scope: Section of the program where the identifier

is valid or “known”• A variable with local scope is simply one with

storage locations set aside for it by a declaration statement inside the function that declared them

• Even main() is a function.• A variable with global scope has storage created

for it by a declaration statement located outside any function

Page 20: #include using namespace std; // Declare a function. void check(int, double, double); int main() { check(1, 2.3, 4.56); check(7, 8.9, 10.11); } void check(int

Scope Resolution Operator• When a local variable has the same name as a

global variable, all references to the variable name made within the local variable’s scope refer to the local variable

Page 21: #include using namespace std; // Declare a function. void check(int, double, double); int main() { check(1, 2.3, 4.56); check(7, 8.9, 10.11); } void check(int

Scope Resolution Operator• To reference a global variable when a local variable

of the same name is in scope, use C++’s scope resolution operator, which is ::

Page 22: #include using namespace std; // Declare a function. void check(int, double, double); int main() { check(1, 2.3, 4.56); check(7, 8.9, 10.11); } void check(int

Misuse of Globals

• Global variables allow programmers to “jump around” the normal safeguards provided by functions

• Instead of passing variables to a function, it is possible to make all variables global: do not do this– Indiscriminate use of global variables destroys the

safeguards C++ provides to make functions independent and insulated from each other

– Using only global variables can be especially disastrous in large programs with many user-created functions

Page 23: #include using namespace std; // Declare a function. void check(int, double, double); int main() { check(1, 2.3, 4.56); check(7, 8.9, 10.11); } void check(int

Local static Variable

Page 24: #include using namespace std; // Declare a function. void check(int, double, double); int main() { check(1, 2.3, 4.56); check(7, 8.9, 10.11); } void check(int

Variable Storage Categories

• A variable’s scope can be thought of as the space in the program where the variable is valid

• In addition to space dimension represented by scope, variables have a time dimension that refers to the length of time storage locations are reserved for a variable

• This time, dimension is referred to as the variable’s lifetime

• When and how long a variable’s storage locations are kept before they are released can be determined by the variable’s storage category

Page 25: #include using namespace std; // Declare a function. void check(int, double, double); int main() { check(1, 2.3, 4.56); check(7, 8.9, 10.11); } void check(int

Local Variable Storage Categories• Local variables can be auto, static, or register

storage categories– auto is short for automatic

• Storage for automatic local variables is created automatically – As long as the function hasn’t returned control to its

calling function, all automatic variables local to the function are “alive”

• A local static variable isn’t created and destroyed each time the function declaring it is called– Local static variables remain in existence for the

program’s lifetime

Page 26: #include using namespace std; // Declare a function. void check(int, double, double); int main() { check(1, 2.3, 4.56); check(7, 8.9, 10.11); } void check(int

Local register Variable

• Most computers have a few high-speed storage areas, called registers, located in the CPU that can also be used for variable storage– Because registers are located in the CPU, they can

be accessed faster than normal memory storage areas located in the computer’s memory unit

Page 27: #include using namespace std; // Declare a function. void check(int, double, double); int main() { check(1, 2.3, 4.56); check(7, 8.9, 10.11); } void check(int

Global static Variable • A program can

extend beyond one file.

• static only has scope in the file in which it is declared

Page 28: #include using namespace std; // Declare a function. void check(int, double, double); int main() { check(1, 2.3, 4.56); check(7, 8.9, 10.11); } void check(int

Global extern Variable

• extern extends the scope to multiple files.

Page 29: #include using namespace std; // Declare a function. void check(int, double, double); int main() { check(1, 2.3, 4.56); check(7, 8.9, 10.11); } void check(int

Global Variable Storage Categories

• Global variables are created by definition statements external to a function

• By their nature, global variables do not come and go with the calling of a function

• After a global variable is created, it exists until the program in which it’s declared has finished executing

• Global variables can be declared with the static or extern storage category

Page 30: #include using namespace std; // Declare a function. void check(int, double, double); int main() { check(1, 2.3, 4.56); check(7, 8.9, 10.11); } void check(int

Common Programming Errors

• Passing incorrect data types• Errors that occur when the same variable is

declared locally in both the calling and the called functions

• Omitting the called function’s prototype before or within the calling function

• Terminating a function header with a semicolon• Forgetting to include the data type of a function’s

parameters in the function header

Page 31: #include using namespace std; // Declare a function. void check(int, double, double); int main() { check(1, 2.3, 4.56); check(7, 8.9, 10.11); } void check(int

Chapter Summary

• A function is called by giving its name and passing any data to it in the parentheses following the name

• A function’s return type is the data type of the value the function returns

• Arguments passed to a function when it is called must conform to the parameters specified by the function header in terms of order, number of arguments, and specified data type

Page 32: #include using namespace std; // Declare a function. void check(int, double, double); int main() { check(1, 2.3, 4.56); check(7, 8.9, 10.11); } void check(int

Chapter Summary (continued)

• Functions can be declared to all calling functions by means of a function prototype

• Every variable has a storage category, which determines how long the value in the variable is retained


Class T{ public static int id; public static int num = 5; public int n; public boolean c; public static void setNumberOfBicycles(int val) { num=val;

Project 2 Hints. pthread_create SYNOPSIS #include int pthread_create(pthread_t *tid, const pthread_attr_t *attr, void *(*start_routine)(void *), void

Inter-Process CommunicationComputer Science Science int shmget(key_t key, size_t size, int shmflg); - returns ID for shm of size void *shmat(int shmid, const void *shmaddr, int shmflg);

vegafar.files.wordpress.com …  · Web view07.12.2007 · public static void quicksort( int [] array, int left, int right )

Arduino Circuits and Code. int ledPin = 9; void setup() { pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT); } void loop() { digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW); delay(1000); digitalWrite(ledPin,

Templates. Example… A useful routine to have is void swap(int &a, int &b){ int tmp = a; a = b; b = tmp; }

1 #include int pthread_create(pthread_t *tid, const pthread_attr_t *attr, void * (*start)(void *), void *args); P-threads: create tid: space used to return

Lampiran 1 Program Zero Point Methodrepository.unair.ac.id/25577/17/17. Lampiran.pdf · 2016. 7. 25. · void makeLineD(entry* c[10][10], int s, int d, int i, int j, int jNol){ ADLN

MPI_AlltoAllv Function Outline int MPI_Alltoallv ( void *sendbuf, int *sendcnts, int *sdispls, MPI_Datatype sendtype, void *recvbuf, int *recvcnts, int

Vom Umgang mit Daten. public void myProgram() { int[] saeulenWerte = new int[world.getSizeX()]; for (int i = 0; i < saeulenWerte.length; i++) { saeulenWerte[i]

Chapter 1 - Deploying a Spigot Server · org.bukkit.Bukkit com public static int impart . b See Also: Ever. broadcastMessage message) boolean int void void Invent or y Inventory Inventory

CS 345 – Operating Systemshy345/assignments/2015/... · •SHMAT attach the shared memory segment to the process void *shmat(int shmid, const void *shmaddr, int shmflg); returns

stacksee.stanford.edu/materials/icsppcs107/stack-implementation.pdf · typedef struct {void *e lems; int elemSize; int logLength; int allocLength;} stack; stack.h Writing a generic

EPSII 59:006 Spring 2004. Call-by-value example #include void increment(int); //prototype for increment function int main(void) { int a=1; printf("Value

SNU Movement Research Labmrl.snu.ac.kr/~yunjin/winter2007/notes/Lab_080122.pdfvoid insertNode(int) , void deleteNode (int) void traverseList() , static Node* findNode(int) , static

COSC121:$$ Computer$Programming$IIpublic abstract class Animal { protected int numLegs; protected int speed; public abstract void walks(); public abstract void eats(); public int runs()

Multicore and Multiprocessor Systems: Part II · POSIX Threads Creation of threads int pthread_create(pthread_t *thread, const pthread_attr_t *attr, void *(*start_routine) (void *),

Factorial Preparatory Exercise #include using namespace std; double fact(double); int fact(int); int main(void) { const int n=20; ofstream my_file("results.txt");

Android Testing - pic.huodongjia.com€¦ · S ½ Þ _ Ü ) r ñ Ó f void job1(); void job2(); int job3(); assertEquals(job3_result, job3());

PowerPoint プレゼンテーションs018/P2/12.pdf#include .C 015 0210 132 144 258 236 457 HdYJVIJ #define M 300 Int n,m; Int void input(void); void output(void);

static void Main() { int i = 0; if (i == 0) { int a = 5; int b = 15; if (a == 5) { int c = 3; int d = 99; }

f 110 Void Reprint Check

CHAPTER 10 Interrupt Handling - LWN.net · 260 | Chapter 10: Interrupt Handling const char *dev_name, void *dev_id); void free_irq(unsigned int irq, void *dev_id); Thevaluereturnedfromrequest_irq

Funciones 2da parte - martinnievas.com · 2/25 #include int func(int a, int b) int res; if (a>b) res=a; else res=b; return res; int main(void) int num1= 10; int

PERSISTENCE: FILE APIpages.cs.wisc.edu/~shivaram/cs537-sp20-notes/file-api/cs537-file-ap… · File API (attempt 1) read(int inode, void *buf, size_t nbyte) write(int inode, void

putpixel function plots a pixel at location (x, y) of specified color. Declaration :- void putpixel(int x, int y, int color);

PROTOTIPI void costruisciLista(Pnodo &, string &); void stampaLista(Pnodo ); void creaNodo (int, Pnodo&); Pnodo inserisciNodoTesta (int,Pnodo &); Pnodo

Hanoi void TowersOfHanoi(int disks, int from, int to, int spare) { // Solve the problem of moving the number of disks specified // by the first parameter

Server-Side API - Wowza - Best Cloud Platform for Live Media · void open() Open the media asset int read(byte[] buf, int off, int size) Read bytes from the media asset void seek(long

1 struct Pila { private: int size; int defaultGrowthSize; int marker; int * contenuto; void cresci(int increment); public: Pila(int initialSize) ; Pila();

CS102: Functionsvenus.cs.qc.cuny.edu/~cwang/102/lecture09.pdf · Pass by reference: square(x) //prototype void square(int x, int &y); //implementation void square(int x, int &y){y=x*x;}

Templates. Example… A useful routine to have is void Swap( int& a, int &b ) { int tmp = a; a = b; b = tmp; }

static void demoThree(PDF &p) - Vulcan Warestatic void demoThree(PDF &p) {// Create an image, 500 pixels square int width = 500; int height = 500; Image anImage; RGB theColor(0, 0,

Embedded Systems C programming. Reference Data definition and storage const int a=43; unsigned int b=66; unsigned int c; int main(void) { static int

Selection Sort - cs.appstate.edu · selectionSort() public static void selectionSort(int[] arr) {// index of smallest element in the sublist int smallIndex; int pass, j, n = arr.length;