SUBMITTED TO,SUNIL KUMAR SIR

SUBMITTED BY,AKHILA.V11605668

•The President of the Republic of India is the Head of State of India and the Commander-in-chief of the Indian Armed Forces.

•The President is indirectly elected by the people through elected members of both the houses of the Parliament of India, the Legislative Assemblies of all the states of India and the Legislative Assembly of the Union Territory of Pondicherry, as well as, the Legislative Assembly of the National Capital Territory of Delhi and serves for a renewable term of five years.

•Although Article 53 of the Constitution of India states that the President can exercise his powers directly or by subordinate authority,[ with few exceptions, all of the executive authority vested in the President are, in practice, exercised by the Prime Minister with the help of the Council of Ministers.

•The President resides in an estate known as the Rashtrapati Bhavan.

•The 13th and current President is Pranab Mukherjee, who was elected on 22 July 2012, and sworn in on 25 July 2012. He is also the first Bengali to be elected as President.

•The primary duty of the President is to preserve, protect and defend the constitution and the law of India as made part of his oath(Article 60 of Indian constitution).The President is the common head of all independent constitutional entities.

Rashtrapati Bhavan Pranab Mukherjee

1) Legislative powers

2) Executive powers

3) Judicial powers

4) Appointment powers

5) Financial powers

6) Diplomatic powers

7) Military powers

8) Pardoning Powers

9) Emergency powers

Powers :

1. He can summon or prorogue the houses of the Parliament and dissolve Lok Sabha.

2. He nominates 12 members to Rajya Sabha and 2 members of Anglo Indian Community to Lok Sabha.

3. Certain bills require prior approval of President for its introduction to the parliament, such as :

Money Bill

Financial Bill

Bills affecting taxation in which states are interested

State bills imposing restrictions upon freedom of trade

Creation of new states/ alteration of boundaries of states

4. He lays the reports of Auditor general, CAG, UPSC, Finance Commission, commission of backward classes, special office for SC & ST before the Parliament.

5. President has the power to either give assent or withhold his assent to a bill. Without President’s assent a bill cannot become an act.

1. The Legislative Powers

5. President holds the final legislative powers to legislate for the Union Territories of Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep, Dadar & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu. In case of Pudducherry also, the president can legislate by making regulations but only when the assembly is suspended or dissolved.

6. He can Promulgate ordinances when Parliament is not in Session, which has to be approved by the Parliament within 6 weeks from its reassembly.

7. He addresses the houses of Parliament either Jointly or Separately

2. The Executive Powers

1. He can appoint a commission to investigate into the conditions of S.Cs, S.Ts and O.B.C.

2. He directly administers the Union Territories through administrators appointed by him.

3. All executive actions of the government are formally taken under his name.

4. He can declare any area as Scheduled area.

3. The judicial Powers1. The president appoints the Chief Justice of the Union Judiciary

and other judges on the advice of the Chief Justice.

2. The President dismisses the judges if and only if the two Houses of the Parliament pass resolutions to that effect by two-thirds majority of the members present.

3. The president has the right to grant pardon.

4. Appointment Powers

1. He appoints the Attorney General of India, Comptroller and Auditor General of India, the Chief Election Commissioner and other Election Commissioners, the Chairman and Members of the UPSC, the Governors of the states, the Chairman and the members of the Finance Commissions etc.

2. The President can appoint a commission to investigate into the conditions of SCs, STs and OBCs.

3. The President also receives the credentials of Ambassadors and High Commissioners from other countries.

1. A money bill can be introduced in the Parliament only with the President’s recommendation.

2. The President lays the Annual Financial Statement i.e. the Union budget before the Parliament.

3. President can make advances out of the Contingency Fund of India to meet unforeseen expenses.

4. The President continues a Finance commission after every five years to recommend the distribution of the taxes between the centre and the States.

5. Financial Powers

6. Diplomatic Powers

1. The president has the power to conclude International Treaties and Agreements. However, they are subject to approval of parliament.

2. He sends and receives diplomats ( ambassadors, high commissioners etc)

7. Military Powers1. President is the Supreme Commander of Defense Forces of

India.

2. He can declare war or conclude Peace subject to approval of parliament.

8. Pardoning Powers

Punishment is for an offence against Union Law

Punishment is by a Military Court

Sentence is that of death

1. As mentioned in Article 72 of the Indian Constitution, the President is empowered with the powers to grant pardons in the following situations:

9. Emergency Powers

The President can declare three types of emergencies: national, state and financial, under articles 352, 356 & 360 in addition to promulgating ordinances under article 123.

1. National emergency is caused by war, external aggression or armed rebellion in the whole of India or a part of its territory.

2. President can declare national emergency only on a written request by the Cabinet Ministers headed by the Prime Minister and the proclamation must be approved by the Parliament within one month.

3. National emergency can be imposed for six months. It can be extended by six months by repeated parliamentary approval, up to a maximum of three years.

4. Under national emergency, Fundamental Rights of Indian citizens can be suspended.

5. The six freedoms under Right to Freedom are automatically suspended. The Right to Life and Personal Liberty cannot be suspended.

National Emergency:

A State Emergency can be imposed via the following:If that state failed to run constitutionally i.e. constitutional machinery has failed - Article 356

If that state is not working according to the given direction of the Union Government – Article 365

State Emergency or President’s Rule

1. Such an emergency must be approved by the Parliament within a period of two months.

2. It can be imposed from six months to a maximum period of three years with repeated parliamentary approval every six months.

3. If needed, the emergency can be extended for more than three years, by a constitutional amendment, for example in the case of Punjab and Jammu and Kashmir.

4. During such an emergency, the Governor administers the state in the name of the President. The Legislative Assembly can be dissolved or may remain in suspended animation.

5. The Parliament makes laws on the 66 subjects of the state list. All money bills have to be referred to the Parliament for approval.

Financial Emergency

1. Financial Emergency: Article – 360

2. President can proclaim a Financial Emergency if financial stability or credit of India or any part thereof is threatened.

3. This proclamation must be approved by the Parliament within two months.

4. This type of Emergency has not been declared so far.