URBAN AND PARTICIPATORY GOVERNANCE

Instructor: Dr. Dirk HeinrichsStudents: Nguyễn Thùy Linh

Võ Mỹ YPhùng Anh Kiệt

Phan Thanh BìnhNguyễn Đình Khoa

Vietnamese German University

Urban Indicators for managing cities - In Case study of Ho Chi Minh city

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REQUIREMENTS

1. Briefly give an overview: What kind of indicators (categories of indicators) are proposed from the Asia Development Bank?

2. Make a judgment on the usefulness of the indicators (Validity, Reliability, Representativeness) with respect to the local situation in Ho Chi Minh City?

3. Select 5 yourself that you find most relevant:. Why are they appropriate? How / where would you find the data?

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OUTLINE

1. INTRODUCTION About the given materials?

2. OVER VIEWS INDICATORS3. JUDGMENT INDICATORS

With the respect to the local situation in Ho Chi Minh.

4. INDICATORS SELECTED • List out• Why• How

• Where

5. CONCLUSION

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INTRODUCTION

• Initiatives to measure Governance- (of Asian Development Bank)• Function: Policy-oriented urban indicators database for :

- Research, - Policy formulation, - Monitoring of the development impact of interventions in the urban sector, - Comparison of performance between cities, and- Improving the efficiency of urban service delivery

• Framework: Policy-driven• Level: local (Asian Region)

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OVER VIEWS

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OVER VIEWS

URBAN INDICATORS: The 140 indicators are grouped into 13 main divisions (Category), each of which includes a variety of indicators measured in different ways.

1. Population 8. Municipal service

2. Equity 9. Urban environment

3. Health and Education 10. Urban transport

4. Urban productivity 11. Cultural

5. New technology 12. Local government

6. Urban land 13. Urban governance

7. Housing

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OVER VIEWS

INDICATORS DEFINITION SIGNIFICANCE1. Delivery of annual plan

Percent of budgeted expenditure on annual plan delivered.

- Key measure of effectiveness.

2. Voter participation rates, by sex

Proportion of voters who voted in last municipal elections:- Proportion of adult males- Proportion of adult females

- Interest and involvement of the public in local government

3. Independence from higher government

Circumstances local governments can make their own decisions or are subject to higher government in- Closing down the council or removing

councilors from office- Setting local tax levels- Setting user charges for services- Borrowing funds- Choosing contractors for projects

- Independence of action of local governments.

URBAN GOVERNACE INDICATORS: 3/12 main indicators

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OVER VIEWS

INDICATORS DEFINITION SIGNIFICANCE

4. Elected and nominated councils

Number of elected and nominated councilors:- Female- Male

- The number of representatives provides democracy and equal gender of the level of local political representation

- The involvement of women in the local political process.

5. Representation of minorities

Definition of mechanisms for representation of any substantial minorities.

- A fundamental expression of human rights

6. Planning applications refused

Proportion of planning applications refused, by local or higher government.

- Represents the enforcement and the strength of planning legislation

URBAN GOVERNACE INDICATORS: 6/12 main indicators

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OVER VIEWS

INDICATORS DEFINITION SIGNIFICANCE

7. Consumer satisfaction

Consumer business and citizen satisfaction of local government services (adequate >=70%)

- Measures effective delivery to the public

8. Perception as place to live

Perception of quality of life in the city, either for residents, business people, or expatriates

- A major subjective factor in both investment and relocation decisions of firms.

9. Reported crimes Number of crimes per 1,000 populations reported:- Murders- Drug related crimes- Thefts

- Personal safety and absence of threat to property is a major prerequisite for economic activity as well as the quality of life

URBAN GOVERNACE INDICATORS: 9/12 main indicators

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OVER VIEWS

INDICATORS DEFINITION SIGNIFICANCE

10. Access to information

Access to:- Annual report- City strategy/vision- Economic strategy- Social strategy- Other significant publications for the

year- Public communication

- Providing information to the constituency and stakeholders is a prime function of local government.

11. Contact with the public

Annual number of public local government meetings and total attendance.

- Provide a measure of the contact of the senior members of the local government with the constituency.

12. Decentralized district units

- The number of local government areas within the larger metropolis

- The number of decentralized or smaller district units within the local government.

URBAN GOVERNACE INDICATORS: 12/12 main indicators

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JUDGMENT INDICATORS

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JUDGMENT INDICATORS

HIERARCHY:

5 Very High4 High3 Medium2 Low1 Very Low

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INDICATORS VALIDITY RELIABILITY REPRESENTATIVENESS TOTAL SCORE

1. Delivery of annual plan 3 4 3 10

2. Voter participation rates, by sex 2 1 1 4

3. Independence from higher Gov 5 5 5 15

4. Elected and nominated councils 4 5 3 12

5. Representation of minorities 2 3 1 6

6. Planning applications refused 4 3 4 11

7. Consumer satisfaction 5 4 5 14

8. Perception as place to live 4 4 5 13

9. Access to information 5 4 5 14

10. Reported crimes 4 3 3 10

11. Contact with the public 1 1 2 4

12. Decentralized district units 1 1 1 3

JUDGMENT INDICATORS

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INDICATORS SELECTED

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INDICATORS SELECTED

INDICATORS WHY?

Independence from higher government

- Closing down council or Removing councilors from office- Setting local tax level- Setting user charges for local services- Borrowing funds- Choosing contractors for projects

• Shows the ability of local Government• The decentralize of power form state.• Shows the independence in authority.

Elected and nominated councils (No of )- Female (Elected- Nominated)- Male (Elected- Nominated)

• Level of Democratic.• The transparent of administration.

Consumer satisfaction • Satisfy with public services• Manifestation of good governance.

Perception as place to live • Higher rate of figures show the well management of city government

• Manifestation the satisfaction of population and partly shows the believe in government.

Access to information- Annual report/ Budget- City strategy/ Vision- Economic strategy- Social strategy?

• An effective way to reduce corruption and increase the transparency of Government.

• The publication of information in HCM city is weak.

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INDICATORS SELECTED

INDICATORS SOURCE OF DATA

Independence from higher government

- Closing down council or Removing councilors from office • Law of Organization of Council and People Committee

- Setting local tax level • Law of Taxation

- Setting user charges for local services • Ordinance on Fees and Charges

- Borrowing funds • Law of Budget

- Choosing contractors for projects • Law of Bidding

Elected and nominated councils (No of )- Female (Elected- Nominated)- Male (Elected- Nominated)

• Committee’s board Government’s website

Consumer satisfaction • Survey

Perception as place to live • Survey

Access to information- Annual report/ Budget- City strategy/ Vision- Economic strategy- Social strategy

• Information published in massive media.

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CONCLUSION

Evaluation HCM city Governance base on Indicator of ADB

• Performance of indicators and benchmarking are necessary to measure the

effectiveness of governance.

• Some Indicators do not have much meaning for measuring governance in case of

HCM city such as: Voter by sex, contact with the public. => Each city need a suitable

set of indicators.

• Having a fresh view of governance.

• Comprehensively understanding the characteristics of the given indicators (Validity,

Reliability, Representativeness).

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This is the last slide!Thanks for your attention.