induction training-mechanical static

7/30/2019 Induction Training-Mechanical STATIC

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Welcome

Mechanical Engineering

(STATIC)


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Mechanical Engineering (Static)

By the end of the course you wi l l

Understanding our range of

capabilities in Mechanical

Engineering division

Understand fundamentals of

Pressure Vessels & Heat

Exchangers

be familiar with the main types

understand what are the key

factors in Pressure Vessel design

have the background necessary to

start using commercial design

software

be an informed purchaser of

Pressure Vessels & Heat

Exchangers

Course Objectives


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What we handle

Introduction to Pressure Vessels

Materials of Construction

Design

Other Design Considerations

Fabrication

Inspection and Testing


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SCOPE

STATIC EQUIPMENT

GROUP

Pressure vessels

Columns

Storage Tanks

Heat Exchangers

ROTATING EQUIPMENT

GROUP

Planned to start


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DETAIL ENGINEERING: Equipment Datasheets

General Arrangement drawings

Mechanical Design calculations for Pressure Vessel, Heat Exchangers.

Detail Manufacturing Drawings

We co-ordinate with other Engineering disciplines andprovide data for their design e.g.:

Electrical: Provide Electrical loads ( Motor rating, speed)Civil: Equipment Loading data for foundation design

Piping: Provide Layout details, tie-in connection details

Instrumentation: Control & instrument interfaces with plant DCS

SCOPE

Mechanical Engineering


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Pressure Vessels

Introduction:

A pressure vessel is a closed, rigid, container designedto hold gases or liquids at a pressure different from the

ambient pressure. A pressure vessel is a container used to contain things at

more than 15 psig.; this means that they can withstandgreater than normal amounts of pressure withoutbursting.


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Containers for fluids under pressure Used in variety of industries

Petroleum refining

Chemical Power

Pulp and paper

Food


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Types of Pressure Vessels

Pressure Vessels Towers

Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers

Reactors

Condensers Evaporators etc


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PRESSURE VESSELS

Parameters:

In the industrial sector, pressure vessels are

designed to operate safely at a specific pressure

and temperature, technically referred to as the"Design Pressure" and "Design Temperature".

Other Parameters:

Corrosion Allowance

Material of Construction

Diameter & Length


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PRESSURE VESSELS

Need for Codes & Standards:

A vessel that is inadequately designed to handle a high

pressure constitutes a very significant safety hazard.

Because of that, the design and certification of pressure

vessels is governed by design codes such

ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code in North

America

Pressure Equipment Directive of the EU (PED)

Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) CSA B51 in Canada

and other international standards


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Origin of the ASME B&PV Code


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Why we have B&PV Code


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Cri ter ia of the ASME B&PV Code

Design by Ru le for Heavy VesselsVIII Div. 1

Design margin 3.5 relative to ultimate stress.Design by Analysis fo r Heavy Vessels

VIII Div 2

Design margin 2.4Considers fatigue

Uses maximum shear stress theory (Tresca)


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Introduction

In order to address the safety concerns associated withpressurized equipment, these are required to be designed,fabricated and operated according to specified codes andstandards.

The commonly accepted codes are the ASME Sec. VIII Div.1 for design of pressure vessels

Although the theory behind the behavior of pressurizedequipment is well covered in Universities, the application ofdesign codes is not so well covered. It takes a new engineerconsiderable time to understand that there is much more topressure vessel design than calculation of hoop stress.

The present course is designed to bridge the gap between

the theoretical aspects of pressure vessel design and itsindustrial application.


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Scope of ASME Code

Section VIII

Section VIII used worldwide

Objective: Minimum requirements for safeconstruction and operation

Division 1, 2, and 3


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Section VIII Div is ion 1 15 psig < P 3000 psig

Applies through first connection to pipe

Other exclusions

Internals (except for attachment weld to vessel)

Fired process heaters

Pressure containers integral with machinery

Piping systems


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Section VIII Div is ion 2

A lternative Rules

Scope identical to Division 1 but

requirements differ

Allowable stress

Stress calculations

Design

Quality control

Fabrication and inspection

Choice between Divisions 1 and 2 based on

economics


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Division 3, Alternative Rules

High Pressure Vessels

Applications over 10,000 psi

Pressure from external source, process

reaction, application of heat, combination

of these

Does not establish maximum pressure

limits of Division 1 or 2 or minimum limits

for Division 3.


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Structure of Section VIII, Division 1

Subsection A

Part UG applies to all vessels

Subsection B

Requirements based on fabrication method Parts UW, UF, UB

Subsection C

Requirements based on material class

Parts UCS, UNF, UHA, UCI, UCL, UCD, UHT,ULW, ULTPART UHX

Rules for Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers

Mandatory and Nonmandatory Appendices


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Material Selec tion Facto rs

Strength

Corrosion Resistance

Resistance to Hydrogen Attack

Fracture Toughness

Fabricability


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Maximum A l lowable Stress

Stress: Force per unit area that resists loads

induced by external forces

Pressure vessel components designed to

keep stress within safe operational limits

Maximum allowable stress:

Includes safety margin

Varies with temperature and material

ASME maximum allowable stress tables for

permitted material specifications


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Weld Jo int Eff ic iency


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Weld Jo int Category

BB

B B

A

A

A

B

C

A C

D

A

A

A

CD

A

DA

A

C

D B

D

BC

Hemispherical Head on Shell


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Weld Jo int Eff ic iencies

Joint

TypeAcceptable Joint Categories Degree of

Degree of Radiographic

Examination

Full Spot None

1 A, B, C, D 1.00 0.85 0.70

2 A, B, C, D (See ASME Code for limitations) 0.90 0.80 0.65

3 A, B, C NA NA 0.60

4 A, B, C (See ASME Code for limitations) NA NA 0.55

5 B, C (See ASME Code for limitations) NA NA 0.50

6 A, B, (See ASME Code for limitations) NA NA 0.45


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Types of Welds


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Summary Of ASME Code Equations


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Compensation

Compensation, orreinforcement,is the provision of

extra stress-transmitting area in the wall of a cylinderor shell when some area is removed by boring a

hole for branch attachment


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Compensation Area Calculations


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Contents

Introduction to Pressure Vessel Design Codes

Design Basis and Design Criteria

Design for Internal pressure

Design for External Pressure

Design of Nozzles

Flange design Design of Vessel supports

Design of Tubesheets

Fabrication

Examination

Testing Computer codes for pressure vessel design

Case studies on failure of pressure vessels

Materials of construction for pressure vessels


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Mechanical

Mechanical Design confirming to International Codes & Standardslike

ASME SEC VIII Div-1 & Div-2 (US)

BS PD5500 (UK)

EN 13445 (Europe) ASME sec UHX & TEMA (US)

WRC 107 (US)

Wind & Seismic Analysis to

IBC, UBC, ASCE (US)

NBC (Canada)


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MechanicalTypical Deliverables include

Mechanical Data Sheets

General Arrangement Drawings

Mechanical Strength Calculations

Civil Foundation Loading Data

Detailed Manufacturing Drawings

Bill Of Materials

Material Specs for Raw Materials

Specifications for Bought-out Items


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Mechanical Software

Compress

PVElite

Mechanical
http://www.coade.com/index.asp


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MechanicalSectors

Oil & Gas

Petrochemicals

Refinary

Fertilizers Pharmaceuticals

Power

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