infection control
DESCRIPTION
Learn infection control guidelinesTRANSCRIPT
INFECTION CONTROL
Case Study
An 82 year old nursing home resident has arthritis & dementia. She needs assistance with all activities of daily living. The pt. resists efforts of staff to help her, why must you look out for even minor changes in her condition or behavior?
Definitions
Microbes-m/o Pathogens Non-pathogens Normal flora Infection Noscomial infection/
HAI—health care associated infection
Medical asepsis Sterile
Sepsis Inflammation Asepsis Carrier Clean technique Contamination Clean
Types of Micro-Organisms
Microbes- small living things /beings- germs Classifications:
pathogen Non-pathogen normal flora
Types: bacteria virus rickettsiae bacteria protozoa fungus
Requirements for m.o. :
Reservoir (host) *people * plants * animals * soil * food/H20
Oxygen Warm, dark environment Moisture Light or dark environment
Normal Flora:
Micro-organisms that live and grow in certain areas Examples
Staph- skin E-coli-colon
MDRO’sMultidrug Resistant Organisms
What Drug resistance
Why Over prescribing of ATB (antibiotics)
Types MRSA
Methicillin Resistant Staph Aureus VRE
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus
Types of Infections
Local: at the site s/sx:
redness pain/tenderness warm to touch swelling unable to move area
Systemic: in entire body s/sx:
fever achy fatigue loss of appetite n/v diarrhea rash sores swelling/inflammation drainage/discharge
Elderly and Infection
Decrease immune system c age May not recognize s/sx of infection -confused Can be life threatening prior to s/sx recognized
Infection Chain
Source Pathogen (germ)
Reservoir Place for m.o. (micro-organism) to live
Carrier Place where infection/m.o. lives Does not cause disease If passed on, causes the disease (i.e. strept throat)
Portal of Exit Opening for m.o. to get out of reservoir
Reproductive tract, urethra Mouth, nose, cut sores
Portal of Entry
PORTAL OF ENTRY PORTAL OF EXIT
Way for m.o. to get in pt. Way to get out of body
Activity
Fold paper in 1/2, then fold in 1/3 Label each section with the following
modes of transmission & draw pictures representing each one.
1. Direct2. Indirect3. Droplet4. Contact5. Vector6. Vehicle
Susceptible HostPerson @ risk to get sick
Activity
Using your assigned disease draw infection chain
Health Care Associated Infection (HAI)—Noscomial Infection
Infection in health care setting Caused by normal flora or indirect contact from 1 pt to
another Examples
Poor wiping Poor hand washing Equipment
Prevention Hand washing Good techniques Standard precautions Isolation
Asepsis
MEDICAL ASEPSIS SURGICAL ASEPSIS
Cleaning technique to reduce germs Examples—hand washing
and bathing Contamination = unclean
Sterile technique/surgical asepsis
• m.o.—sterile procedures, surgery
Ways to Reduce Germs
Wash hands before and after care entering & leaving room after lunch breaks after bathroom after smoking after applying cosmetics
Cover mouth when you cough & sneeze Don't go to work sick Clean equipment Dispose of linens & trash properly
Why Wash Hands
Germs on everything Use hands all the time Hands carry germs to pt. #1 way to reduce spreading germs
Hand Washing Routine
Wash before and after pt. contact Use enough soap Hands lower than elbows Rinse hands with fingertips pointed down Dry hands clean with clean paper towel Turn faucet off with clean paper towel
Activity
Wash hands using glo-germ.- What did you find out about your hand-
washing habits?
Think about it?
What is done in the hospital/dr. office/school to promote good medical asepsis, thus reducing spread of germs?
Isolation Goals
Prevent spread of disease PPE makes a barrier around the pathogen Required by CDC-Center for Disease Control
Rules for Isolation
Gather all supplies before going in Floor = contaminated Double bag Use disposable items if possible Do not touch your face Don’t shake linens Meet basic needs – lonely Transporting
Pt. gown Mask (if needed)
PPE - Personal Protective Equipment
Gowns: protect contact with m.o on uniform
Masks: protects from inhaling m.o
Gloves: prevents transmission of pathogens by direct and indirect
contact
Gloves
Wear if contact with blood/body fluids Don't wear if tear/hole Put on with dry hands New pt./task = new gloves Wear with mucous membrane care Cover your wrists Wash hands after removing gloves
Gowns
-Protect clothes-Must cover from neck to knees-Tight cuffs-Open in back -ties at neck &waist-use 1 x
Masks
Wear to protect:- from contact from infectious
materials -during sterile procedures
-when wet throw away-fits snuggly-when removing touch ties not front of mask
Face shields
Protect eyes, mouth &nose from sprays/splashes
Protective Barriers
Order to Put On1. Gown
2. Mask
3. Gloves Order to Take Off
1. Gloves
2. Mask
3. Gown
Standard Precautions
Hand washing (HW): p contaminated, p removing gloves, b/t residents
Gloves: wear if exposure to body fluids, when inside mouth change b/t pt, tasks
Masks/goggles: wear if likely to be splashed
Gowns: wear if splashing likely contaminated if the arms & front are wet clean - neck & inside
Standard Precautions con't
Equipment: clean & disinfect
Environment: clean per policy
Linens: roll away from you wetput in plastic bag
Blood borne pathogens: no recapping needles use needless system sharps in puncture
resistant box Resident placement:
private room if contaminates
Airborne Isolation
Private room Door closed Wear maskTB respirator mask Diseases: TB, chicken pox, measles If pt. out of room they wear mask
Droplet
Spread by cough, sneezing, laughing Diseases: meningitis, pneumonia, mumps, strept
throat Private room Wear mask if in room Pt out of room wear mask
Contact isolation
Direct contacttouching skin to skin Indirect contacttouching surface with secretions Private room Gloves & gown with contact of infected materials
(drsg, sheets) Cover infected area if out of room Examples: impetigo, MRSA, herpes
Protective isolation
Protects pt. with low immune system Examples: leukemia, HIV/AIDS Private room Wear mask, gown, gloves all the time Wear to protect pt. from staff
Activity
Divide paper into 5 sections & label with the following:
1. Standard precautions2. Airborne precautions3. Droplet precautions4. Contact precautions5. Reserve IsolationIn each section draw what you should wear
for each type of isolation:- gloves, gowns, masks
Case Study
A male pt. at the nsg. Home has a wound infection in his right leg. The wound is draining and covered with a drsg. The dr. has written for contact precautions. What care is needed for this pt?
Think about it
You need to wear a mask &gown when caring for your resident. What can you do to help meet the pt.’s love & belonging needs?
Double Bagging Done if outside of bag is contaminated with infectious
material According to facility policy May be done with 2 people or alone
Cleaning Surfaces Clean contaminated surface immediately Wear gloves Use disposable wipes as disinfectant Dispose of inappropriate container Never reuse if contaminated Bleach solution 1:100
Infection Control Department
Infection control staff Employee health Employee Exposure Plan In-services Hepatitis B vaccine